(通用版)高考英语二轮复习专题15书面表达（2份打包，课件+习题，含答案）

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第六部分 书面表达专题十五 书面表达
高考英语（课标专用）
考点清单
清单一    写作基础知识
一、基本句型,舍我其谁——五大基本句型在写作中的作用句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子,但英语中最基本的句型只有五种,其他各种句型都是由这五种基本句型转换而来的。五种基本句型如下:1.主语+谓语本结构由“主语+不及物动词”构成,不及物动词后不能有宾语,用来表示主语的动作。主语可以有定语来修饰,谓语也可以有状语来修饰。典句引领I work in a computer firm.Every day I get up early in the morning. After breakfast, I go to work by bike.
我在一家电脑公司工作。每天早上我都很早起床。早饭后,我骑自行车去上班。雕词琢句(1)　　　　　　　　　　　    (一些著名的中国艺术家将会表演)on that day.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)(2)　　　　　　　　    (我们能出发) early so that we'll have more time to read and select books.(2016课标全国Ⅲ)(3)一句多译这个训练营将于7月20号开营。a:     (will do)b:     (is going to do)c:     (be to do)
答案　(1)Some famous Chinese artists will perform    (2)We can set out/set off(3)a:This training camp will open on July 20th.b:This training camp is going to open on July 20th.c:This training camp is to open on July 20th.
2.主语+谓语+宾语本结构由“主语+及物动词+宾语”构成,谓语动词是主语发出的动作,但是意思还不完整,后面需要跟宾语,即动作的承受者。充当宾语的有:名词、代词、从句等。典句引领I took an English exam yesterday. I had prepared it for two weeks. Before I turned in the paper, I checked it carefully.昨天我参加了一场英语考试。我为此已经准备了两周的时间。在上交试卷之前,我仔细地检查了一下。
答案　(1)You can find some original poems(2)We would especially welcome those articles
雕词琢句(1)　　　　　　　　　　　    (你可以找到一些原创诗歌)of famous poets, such as Li Bai and Du Fu. (2017课标全国Ⅰ)(2)　　　　　　　　　    (我们尤其欢迎那些文章)about how Ameri-cans spend their holidays and festivals.(2015课标全国Ⅰ)
3.主语+谓语+双宾语即“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。如果把直接宾语放在间接宾语前,需要借助介词to或for。需要借助介词to的动词有:bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,send,show,teach等。需要借助介词for的动词有:buy,cook,get,make等。典句引领Mr.Smith has taught us English for 3 years.Yesterday was his 50th birth-day. Every one of us bought him a present and I even told him an interest-ing story.史密斯先生教我们英语已经三年了。昨天是他50岁生日。我们每个人都给他买了一个礼物,我甚至给他讲了一个有趣的故事。
雕词琢句(1)　　　　　　　　　　　    (它向青少年提供了一个机会)to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.(2)我希望这个变化不会给你造成太多的麻烦。(2016课标全国Ⅲ)     (3)那真给了我们很大的成就感。     
答案　(1)It offers teenagers a chance(2)I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.(3)That really gave us a great sense of achievement.
4.主语+系动词+表语本结构由“主语+系动词+表语”构成,主要用来说明主语的特征、状态、类属和身份等。系动词可以分为以下几类:(1)表示特征和存在状态的:be,appear,feel,look,seem,smell,sound,taste等;(2)表示状态延续的:remain,stay,keep等;(3)表示状态变化的:become,get,go,turn,grow等。典句引领My English is much better than before. I feel very happy. I am very grate-ful for your help.我的英语比以前好多了。我感到非常高兴。我非常感激你的帮助。
雕词琢句(1)Some compromises were unavoidable, but 　　　　　　　　　    (这个视频后来证明很完美).(2)The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper　　　　　　　        (非常受欢迎) among us students.(2015课标全国Ⅰ)
答案　(1)the video proved perfect　(2)is very popular
5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语本结构中宾语后面需要有成分对其进行补充说明,这就是宾语补足语。可以作宾补的有:形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词和过去分词。典句引领The old man had a lovely daughter. He named her Lily. He made her very happy every day and wanted her to become an artist.这个老人有一个可爱的女儿。他给她取名为莉莉。每天他都让她很高兴并且想让她成为一名艺术家。
雕词琢句(1)I　　　　　　　　    (认为他的建议非常有用),although many peo-ple are against it.(2)你的贡献(contribution)一定会使这次活动获得巨大的成功。     (3)　　　　　　　　　　　    (我写信是为了邀请你参观)the paper-cutting exhibition. (2017课标全国Ⅱ)
答案　(1)consider his advice/suggestion very useful (2)Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.(3)I am writing to invite you to visit
二、齐头并进,抑扬顿挫——并列句在写作中的运用并列句是由并列连词连接分句而组成的句子,其基本结构是:简单句+并列连词+简单句。并列句中的分句根据逻辑关系可分为以下几种:1.表并列或递进:常用连词是and和not only...but also(不仅……而且……)。典句引领He is not only the first Chinese to go to space,but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.他不仅是第一个到达太空的中国人,而且是世界上最伟大的航天员之一。
雕词琢句(1)If you are able to come with us,please let us know　　　　　　　　    (我们将会等你) at the school gate at 9 in the morning.(2)I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming sum-mer vacation　　　　　　　　　　　　　　    (并且我想让你帮我一个忙).(3)剪纸是中国的传统之一,而且我确信你会喜欢它的。(2017课标全国Ⅱ)     
答案　(1)and we'll wait for you(2)and I want you to do me a favor/help me(3)Paper-cutting is one of Chinese traditions and I am sure you will like it.
2.表转折:常用的连词是but和yet。典句引领Secondly,voting of this kind does not depend on the strong points of the competitors,but rather on how many social-networking resources they have.第二,这种投票并不取决于竞争者的优势,而是取决于他们掌握了多少社交网络资源。雕词琢句(1)Maybe the training is a bit difficult for you, 　　　　　　　　　　        (但是你可以迅速提高你的技能)through it.(2)Everyone in our society should help those in need,　　　　　　　    　    (但是更重要的是真诚).
答案　(1)but you can improve your skills quickly(2)but it is more important to be sincere(3)I would love to go to a museum,but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic.
(3)我想去博物馆,但是我的同班同学绝大部分想去野餐。    
3.表“选择”:用并列连词or,意为:否则。典句引领Hurry up,or you'll be late for the meeting.快点,否则你开会会迟到的。雕词琢句(1)Seize the opportunity,　　　　　    (否则你会后悔的).(2)I will respect the opinion of most students,　　　　　    (否则我很难和他们处好关系).答案　(1)or you will regret it(2)or it's difficult for me to get along well with them
4.表原因:常用的连词是for。典句引领He will recover soon,for he is young.他很快就会恢复,因为他年轻。雕词琢句他阅读有困难,因为他的视力不好。a:　　　　　　　　　　　    (for连接的并列句)b:　　　　　　　　　　　    (The reason is that...)c:　　　　　　　　　　　    (That's because...)
答案    a:He has trouble reading,for his sight is poor.b:He has trouble reading.The reason is that his sight is poor.c:He has trouble reading.That's because his sight is poor.5.表对比:常用的连词是while。典句引领At school,some students are active while some are shy.在学校,有些学生很积极,而有些学生很害羞。
雕词琢句(1)Good habits can contribute to high learning efficiency,　　　　　　        (而坏习惯效果却恰恰相反).(2)Some people are fond of enjoying movies at the cinema 　　　　　    (而有些人更喜欢在网上看电影).答案　(1)while bad ones lead to the opposite(2)while some prefer to watch movies on the Internet
三、句里乾坤,一锤定音——定语从句在写作中的运用在英语写作中使用复杂的句式是提高书面表达档次、增加语言亮点的主要途径之一,而定语从句就是复杂句式中的重要一项。因此,在写作中巧妙地运用定语从句可为我们的文章“增光添彩”。书面表达中定语从句的常用形式如下:1.关系代词that、which、who、whom、whose或as引导的定语从句。典句引领This reminds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she can to let me have the best.这使我想起了我的妈妈,她一直竭尽全力让我拥有最好的东西。I can learn all the important things that have happened during the week.
我能够了解这周内发生的所有重要的事情。As is known to us all,if we are in trouble,it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out.众所周知,当我们处于困境中时,不是我们的手机而是我们的朋友能真正帮我们摆脱困境。雕词琢句(1)用定语从句将句子整合为复合句①I am Li Jin.I am chairman of the Student Union in Chenguang Middle School.→     
②Team members are often offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions. It will benefit them a lot.→     ③Material collecting took us a whole week. During it we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. (2017北京)→     ④I am grateful to Mr. White. Without his help I couldn't have made so much progress in my English study.→     (2)用定语从句完成或翻译下面的句子①Finally,we took pictures with the old craftsman and the dough figurines 　　　　　    (我们制作的).
②This summer I intend to take up a part-time job in a foreign company,    　　　　　　　    (借助它我想开阔我的视野)and gain some working experience.③　　　　　　　　　　　    (如图所示), the box-office income of Chi-nese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015, but its growth slowed down in 2016. ④任何感兴趣的学生都欢迎参加。(2016课标全国Ⅱ)     ⑤去年我参加了在北京举行的夏令营,这不仅开阔了我的视野,也提高了我的英语口语水平。     
答案　(1)①I am Li Jin who/that is chairman of the Student Union in Chenguang Middle School.②Team members are often offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions, which will benefit them a lot.③Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.④I am grateful to Mr. White, without whose help I couldn't have made so much progress in my English study.(2)①that/which we made②through which I would like to broaden my horizons③As is indicated in the graph
④Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.⑤Last year, I joined the summer camp in Beijing, which not only broad-ened my horizons but also improved my oral English. 2.关系副词where,why和when引导的定语从句。典句引领The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her mom.这张图片向我们展示了一个感人的时刻,一个小女孩过来迎接她的妈妈。
雕词琢句(1)I will join the Dragon Boat Training Camp 　　　　　    (在那儿我可以参加各种活动).(2)学校已经创造了一种可以让我们自由发展自己的爱好的氛围。     答案　(1)where I can take part in various kinds of activities(2)The school has created an atmosphere where we can develop our own interests freely.
四、四大名花,锦上添花——名词性从句在写作中的应用名词性从句包括宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。在写作中我们可以巧用名词性从句来为我们的文章“锦上添花”。1.主语从句在写作中的应用典句引领What I want to stress is that you should make it a rule to practice speaking Mandarin.我想强调的是你应该养成练习说普通话的习惯。雕词琢句(1)　　　　　    (给我印象最深的) is his famous saying,“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.”
(2)我们想做的第一件事是和老人们一起包饺子。     (3)我想推荐你旅游的地方是泰山。     答案　(1)What impresses me most(2)What we want to do first is to make dumplings with the elderly people.(3)What I want to recommend you to visit is Mount Tai.
2.宾语从句在写作中的应用典句引领I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.在帖子上我得知你想提高你的普通话水平。雕词琢句(1)I don't even know　　　　　    (是否有事情)to pay attention to.(2)I have been told 　　　　　　　　    (我们校队正在招收新队员). (2017课标全国Ⅲ)
(3)一句多译:我知道我是如何取得成功的。a.     (success)b.     (succeed)c.     (successful)d.     (make it)答案　(1)if there is something(2)that our school team is recruiting new members(3)a.I know how I became a success/achieved my success.b.I know how I succeeded.c.I know how I became successful. d.I know how I made it.
3.表语从句在写作中的应用典句引领From him,I realize the secret to success is not where you were born,but what you are doing in your life.从他身上,我意识到成功的秘诀不在于你生于何处,而在于在生活中你在做什么。雕词琢句(1)The main reason for my choice is　　　　　    (我倾向于牺牲自己的利益) for the group's benefit.
(2)将下面的两个句子整合为含有定语从句和表语从句的复合句。      (3)那就是我认为长江之旅会是一个更好的选择的原因。(2017北京)     答案　(1)that I tend to sacrifice my own interest(2)The reason why I want to interview Yang Liwei is that he has made great contributions to the development of China.(3)That is why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
4.同位语从句在写作中的应用典句引领There is no denying the fact that the environment is getting polluted more and more seriously.不可否认,环境污染越来越严重了。雕词琢句(1)Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide,I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason　　　　　    (我喜欢阅读,并且有很多书).
(2)一句多译:多数人认为教育能改变一个人的命运。a.     (believe that...)b.     (What...believe is that...)c.     (hold the belief that...)答案　(1)that I love reading and I own a large number of books(2)a.Most people believe that education can change one's fate.b.What most people believe is that education can change one's fate.c.Most people hold the belief that education can change one's fate.
五、强势出击,一句千钧——强调形式在写作中的运用在英语写作中有时为了强调某一成分,突出表达效果,我们常常采用强调的形式。下面把写作中常用的强调形式做一下简要总结。1.用感叹句来表示强烈的感情,突出说话人的情感。典句引领How time flies!时光飞逝!雕词琢句(1)于敏是一个多么无私的科学家啊!     (2)当欣赏视频的时候,所有的人是多么的兴奋呀!     
答案　(1)What a selfless scientist Yu Min is!(2)How excited all the people were when they enjoyed the video. 2.用助动词“do/does/did+动词原形”对谓语动词进行强调。典句引领If you need any further information,do let me know. 如果你需要进一步的信息,一定要让我知道。雕词琢句(1)Without hesitation,I decided to follow them and　　　　　    (我们的确玩得很高兴) that day.(2)我真的希望你能尽快返回天津。(2017天津)     
答案　(1)we did have lots of fun/we did enjoy ourselves (2)I do hope you can return to Tianjin as soon as possible. 3.用强调句型“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”来对句子的主语、宾语和状语进行强调。典句引领It was not until the end of the 19th century that shooting became a sport.直到19世纪末期射击才成为一项运动。雕词琢句(1)Not the story itself but what is reflected in the story counts.→     (用强调句型)
(2)重要的是那些遵守规则的人。     (3)一句多译正是由于我对运动的极大兴趣,我才密切关注将于8月末在天津举行的第13届全国运动会。a.     (because of)b.     (because)
答案　(1)It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.(2)It is the people who obey the rules that matter.(3)a.It is because of my great interest in sports that I pay close attention to the 13th National Games to be held in Tianjin at the end of August. b.It is because I have great interest in sports that I pay close attention to the 13th National Games to be held in Tianjin at the end of August.
4.通过使用such...that...,so...that...等固定搭配达到强调的目的。典句引领It was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.这是如此美丽的一天以至于他们将永远记住它。雕词琢句(1)用倒装句升级下面的句子The sights along the Yangtze River are so amazing that they appeal to visi-tors from all over the country.→     
(2)　　　　　　　　　　　    (生活将会如此丰富多彩) in ten years that I will live more happily.答案　(1)So amazing are the sights along the Yangtze River that they ap-peal to visitors from all over the country.(2)Life will be so rich and varied5.通过使用排比、反复等修辞手法对句子进行强调。典句引领I like him because his comedies and tragedies bring me into a fantastic world;I love him because his poems let me enjoy the beauty of the English language;I admire him because his keen sights set me thinking and teach me how to lead a meaningful life!
【赏析】作者通过使用like,love和admire三个动词使语气层层递进,通过使用三个because引导的排比句充分说明了自己喜欢他的原因。
六、活用非谓,句句精彩——非谓语动词在写作中的运用非谓语动词是高中的重要语法,运用它可以简化句子结构,使语言表达更加简洁和生动。1.主语或宾语:动名词和不定式在句中可作主语或宾语典句引领I had trouble solving the problem,but I kept trying by using various ways.解决这个问题对我来说有点难,但我利用不同的方法不断尝试。雕词琢句(1)Besides,we'll spend some fun time together　　　　　    (表演节目) such as　　　　　    (唱歌和跳舞)in order to make them happy.
(2)What's worse,some drivers do not think it vital 　　　　　    (遵守交通规则).(3)有时候,放弃一点意味着获得更多。     (4)购买或下载一些听力材料将是一个好主意。     (5)在热烈讨论后,我们同意制作视频记录我们在学校的经历。(2017北京)     
答案　(1)putting on performances;singing and dancing(2)to obey traffic rules(3)Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.(4)It will be a good idea to buy or download some listening materials.(5)After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.
2.表语:过去分词、动词的-ing形式和不定式在句中可作表语典句引领So exciting was the news that we couldn't help jumping up.这个消息如此激动人心,以至于我们都禁不住跳了起来。雕词琢句(1)Many questions have to be settled and much remains　　　　　    (被做) in our educational work.(2)My dream is　　　　　    (成为一名设计师)in 10 years.
(3)The news was 　　　　　    (如此鼓舞人心)that we all felt very excit-ed after hearing it.(4)另外,沿河的风景令人惊叹。     答案　(1)to be done(2)to become a designer(3)so inspiring(4)Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing.
3.定语:过去分词、现在分词、动名词和不定式在句中可作定语典句引领I think the boy sitting at the table is very hard-working.我认为坐在桌子旁的那个男孩很勤奋。雕词琢句用恰当的非谓语动词完成下面的句子(1)It carries articles which were written by foreign friends about the cul-tures of their home countries.(2015课标全国Ⅰ)→It carries articles 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　     about the cultures of their home countries.
(2)To be honest,I don't know the boy who is giving the speech.→To be honest,I don't know the boy　　　　　    .(3)The meeting which will be held next week is of great importance.→The meeting　　　　　     next week is of great importance.答案　(1)written by foreign friends(2)giving the speech (3)to be held
4.宾语补足语:过去分词、现在分词和不定式(有时省略to)在句中可作宾语补足语典句引领My father encourages me to major in English in college.我爸爸鼓励我在大学主修英语。雕词琢句(1)在空格处填入非谓语动词的恰当形式①Just then,the teacher found that the boy was cheating in the exam.
→Just then,the teacher found the boy　　    in the exam.②It's said that an interesting film will be put on in the lecture hall.→An interesting film is said 　　　　　　　　　     in the lecture hall.③It's reported that a hurricane has hit that village.→A hurricane is reported　　　　　     that village.(2)这次参观能帮助我们提高关爱老人的意识。     答案　(1)①cheating ②to be put on ③to have hit
(2)This visit can help us raise the awareness of caring about the elderly.5.状语:过去分词、现在分词和不定式在句中可作状语典句引领Entering the classroom,Ms. Li was surprised to find we were standing in a line,clapping hands and saying, “Happy Teachers' Day!”进入教室后,李老师惊讶地发现我们站成一排,拍着手说:“教师节快乐!”雕词琢句用非谓语动词改写下列句子(1)I'm writing you the letter and hope you can give me some help.→I'm writing you the letter,　　　　　　　　    .(2)I feel proud when I know your interest in Chinese history.
→　　　　　　　　    , I feel proud.(3)I am an outgoing girl,and I get along well with my classmates.→　　　　　　　　    ,I get along well with my classmates.(4)I was encouraged by what he had said and was determined to study harder than before.→　　　　　　　　　    ,I was determined to study harder than before.(5)My English teacher entered the office and he was followed by 2 stu-dents.→My English teacher entered the office,     .(6)We got up early so that we could catch the first bus.→　　　　　　　　　    ,we got up early.
(7)I hurried to the airport but found the plane had taken off.→I hurried to the airport 　　　　　　　　    the plane had taken off.(8)The boy is so young that he can't go to school.→The boy is too young 　　　　　　　　    .用非谓语动词翻译句子(9)因为知道你渴望打乒乓球,所以我想知道你是否想加入。(2017课标全国Ⅲ)     答案　(1)hoping you can give me some help(2)Knowing your interest in Chinese history(3)Being an outgoing girl
(4)Encouraged by what he had said(5)followed by 2 students(6)To catch the first bus(7)only to find (8)to go to school (9)Knowing you are keen on playing table tennis, I wonder if you'd like to join.6.“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构在写作中的应用典句引领With the final exam approaching,we are all busy going over the lessons.随着期末考试的临近,我们都在忙着复习功课。
雕词琢句用with的复合结构改写下面的句子(1)Our school is surrounded by trees and it is very beautiful.→　　　　　　　　　　    ,it is very beautiful.(2)The dough figurine was finished and I was extremely excited.→　　　　　　　　　    ,I was extremely excited.(3)Because there was nothing to do,we set out to play computer games.→　　　　　　　　　    ,we set out to play computer games.(4)Because everything is considered,our new plan is more practical.→　　　　　　　　　    ,our new plan is more practical.用with的复合结构翻译句子
(5)随着大学入学考试的临近,我忙着为它做准备。     答案　(1)With trees surrounding our school (2)With the dough figurine finished(3)With nothing to do (4)With everything considered(5)With the college entrance examination approaching/drawing near, I am busy preparing for it.
七、倒装省略,风景独好——倒装和省略在写作中的应用倒装和省略是丰富句式、增加语言表现形式的重要手段。在写作中常用的倒装和省略形式主要有以下几种。1.具有否定意义的词或介词短语或含有否定词的连词放于句首时句子要采用部分倒装。典句引领Not only can traveling relax us,but also it can broaden our horizons.旅游不仅能使我们得到放松,而且可以开阔我们的视野。Hardly had he finished his talk when he was surrounded by the excited fans.他刚一结束讲话就被兴奋的粉丝们围了起来。
雕词琢句(1)句型升级:用not only...but also...倒装结构升级下面的句子The two-week communication has helped the Chinese students have a bet-ter understanding of English culture and made us become good friends.     (2)句型转换I didn't realise the importance of studying hard until I failed in the exam.→①     (not until位于句首的倒装结构)→②     (not until的强调句型)
(3)单句翻译你不仅可以欣赏剪纸的美,而且可以更多地了解中国。(运用倒装结构)     答案　(1)Not only has the two-week communication helped the Chinese students have a better understanding of English culture,but also it has made us become good friends.(2)①Not until I failed in the exam did I realise the importance of studying hard.②It was not until I failed in the exam that I realised the importance of studying hard.(3)Not only can you enjoy the beauty of paper-cutting, but also you can learn more about China.
2.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时,句子或主句要用部分倒装。典句引领Only after all the fish died could the villagers realise the importance of pro-tecting the environment.只有所有的鱼都死光后,村民们才能意识到保护环境的重要性。雕词琢句(1)Only　　　　　　　　    (你意识到英语的重要性时)can you put your heart into it.(2)只有努力学习,我们才能不断取得进步。(倒装结构)     
答案　(1)when you realise the importance of English (2)Only if we study hard can we make continuous progress.3.在so...that和such...that句型中,so或such置于句首时,主句使用部分倒装。典句引领So charming is my hometown that it attracts visitors from all over the country every year.我的家乡如此迷人,每年都吸引着全国各地的游客。
雕词琢句(1)用倒装结构升级下面的句子①I have such a good command of English that I am elected as my English teacher's assistant.(2015陕西)→     ②The Internet plays so important a role that a large number of people choose to watch movies using it.     (2)一句多译:这个栏目(column)非常受欢迎,我们在空闲的时候都喜欢阅读它。①     (so...that...的正常语序)
②     (so...that...的倒装语序)答案　(1)①Such a good command of English do I have that I am elected as my English teacher's assistant.②So important a role does the Internet play that a large number of people choose to watch movies using it.(2)①The column is so popular that all of us like reading it in the free time.②So popular is the column that all of us like reading it in the free time.4.as作“尽管,虽然”讲,引导让步状语从句时,从句常用倒装语序。典句引领Tired as we were,we continued working.尽管我们很累,但我们继续工作。
雕词琢句用as的倒装结构完成下面的句子(1)句型转换Although the child was poor,he tried to find ways to study better.(2015福建)→     (2)　　　　　　　　    (尽管我感到失望)at the shabby campus and the poorly-equipped classroom,I found the teachers patient and considerate.(3)尽管编辑部分很难,但我们做得很成功。     
答案　(1)Poor as the child was, he tried to find ways to study better.(2)Disappointed as I felt(3)Difficult as the editing part was, we did it successfully.5.当表示方向、地点和时间的词(here,now,off,up,in,out,down,away,there,then等)或介词短语置于句首且主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装。典句引领On the left side of the road stands our library,where there are various kinds of books.我们的图书馆在路的左侧,里面有各种各样的书籍。Out rushed the boy before I could say a word.我还没来得及说话,那个男孩就冲了出去。
雕词琢句这是给你的两条建议。(用倒装结构翻译句子)     答案　Here are two suggestions for you.6.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。典句引领When walking in the street,I met my good friend.在大街上散步的时候,我遇到了我的好朋友。
雕词琢句(1)When you are traveling there, you can admire fantastic sights and expe-rience its rich culture.→　　　　　　　　　　　    , you can admire fantastic sights and expe-rience its rich culture.(2)Firstly,people may feel forced when they are asked to do things that they don't want to.→Firstly,people may feel forced　　　　　　　　　　　     that they don't want to.(3)When the child was faced with the difficulty,he didn't give up but man-aged to overcome it.→　　　　　　　　　　　    ,the child didn't give up but managed to overcome it.
答案　(1)When traveling there(2)when asked to do things(3)When faced with the difficulty 7.当状语从句中的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有be动词时,可以把it和be动词同时省略。常用的连词有if,unless,when(ever),wherever等。典句引领I want to smile whenever and wherever (it is) possible.我想随时随地地笑。雕词琢句如果可能的话,你应该练习说普通话。     答案　If possible,you should practice speaking Mandarin.
八、虚实结合,独领风骚——虚拟语气在写作中的运用虚拟语气是写作的“独门暗器”,能为写作增添一道亮丽的风景线。下面把在写作中容易把握的几种虚拟语气的形式做一下简要总结以帮助同学们在以后的作文中灵活、熟练地运用这一高级形式。(一)虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用典句引领If I had taken his advice,I wouldn't have missed such a good opportunity.如果我听了他的建议,我就不会错过这么好的一个机会了。I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to under-stand them better.如果你能给我提供一些如何更好地理解它们的建议,我将非常感激。
雕词琢句(1)句型升级:用虚拟语气升级下面的句子I am not in Beijing now,or I will accompany you to the bookstore.→     (2)If I had formed a good habit of reciting something, 　　　　　　　        (我就能够在英语方面取得更大的进步了).(3)一句多译:如果你能帮助我的话,我将非常感激。①     (appreciate it)②     (be grateful)
答案　(1)If I were in Beijing now,I would accompany you to the book-store.(2)I could have made greater progress in English(3)①I would appreciate it if you could help me.②I would be very grateful if you could help me.(二)虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用典句引领But for their help,I couldn't have got in touch with Professor Smith last week. 要不是他们的帮助,上周我就不能和史密斯教授取得联系了。雕词琢句(1)Without them,people　　　　　　　　    (就不能享受和谐) or the country would be in chaos.
(2)They helped me yesterday.Otherwise　　　　　　　　    (我就不能按时完成任务).答案　(1)could not enjoy harmony (2)I could not have finished the task on time(三)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1.用于wish或would rather后的宾语从句典句引领Actually,how I wish I could raise questions in class!事实上,我多么希望自己在课上能提出问题呀!I would rather you had come here to spend the holiday with me last month.我宁愿上个月你来这儿和我共度假期了。
雕词琢句I wish (1)　　　　　　　　    (我没有错过出国学习的机会) last year;I wish (2)　　　　　　　　    (我在美国学习) now;I wish(3)　　　　    　　　    (我能够在美国找一份好工作) after graduation next year.(4)我宁愿明天去北京。     答案　(1)I hadn't missed the chance to study abroad(2)I were studying in America (3)I could find a good job in America(4)I would rather I went to Beijing tomorrow.
2.使用“should+动词原形”结构的虚拟语气典句引领My teacher suggests that we (should) learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.老师建议我们(应该)学会冷静、明智地处理冲突。雕词琢句(1)In order to settle the tough problem,I recommend that those caught do-ing such things　　　　　    (应该阅读一本鼓舞人心的书) every month and share it with all the other students.(2)一句多译:我建议你和一些中国学生交朋友。①     (advise)②     (advice)
答案　(1)should read an inspiring book(2)①I advise that you should make friends with some Chinese students.②My advice is that you should make friends with some Chinese students.(四)虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用典句引领It's high time that we made the public realise the importance of saving en-ergy.到了我们让公众意识到节能的重要性的时候了。雕词琢句一句多译:到了我们采取有效措施控制污染的时候了。①     (It's time for sb. to do...)②     (It's time that...)
答案　①It's time for us to take effective measures to control pollution.②It's time that we took effective measures to control pollution.
九、标点虽小,莫要小瞧——标点符号在写作中的应用英语标点符号(Punctuation)同汉语标点符号有所不同。只有正确地使用标点符号来写作,才能使你的英语作文锦上添花。标点符号乱用,不仅使你的作文大打折扣,而且会严重影响作文得分。英语书面表达中常用的标点符号有:句号、逗号、分号、引号、冒号、问号和感叹号。注意:英语中没有书名号“《》”,英语中的书名、报刊名、杂志名及其他出版物在印刷中一般用斜体表示,在书写时可用引号。1.句号(Full stop/Period) 句号表示说完一句话后的停顿,用在句子末尾。英语句号的写法是一个实心点,有别于汉语的空心点。所以英语作文不能随便点点,以免造成误解。除一句话结束时用句点以外,在缩略词后面也用句点。和汉语
不同,英语中的句点表示一个基本句型已经结束,而汉语的句号表示一个意思已经完整。我是老师而他是学生。(I am a teacher.He is a student.或I am a teacher,while he is a student.) e.g.(=for example)　    2.逗号(Comma) 逗号表示一句话没有说完而暂时停顿,用在句子中间。逗号的主要作用有:(1)当两个成分或句子并列时,需用并列连词;当三个或三个以上的成分或句子并列时,最后两个句子或成分需用并列连词,前面的句子或成分可用逗号隔开。如:Mary got up early and went to school.玛丽早早起床去上学。
Mary got up early,dressed herself quickly and went to school.玛丽早早起床,迅速穿好衣服去上学。(2)表示独立成分。如:The teacher,to tell you the truth,is his father.实话告诉你,那位老师是他父亲。(3)表示同位语。如:Kofi Annan,the former Secretary General of the UN,has made great achievements for the development of the world.联合国前任秘书长科菲·安南为世界发展做出了巨大贡献。(4)表示句首的状语(非谓语动词作状语)。如:Hearing the good news,the little boy jumped with joy.
听到这则好消息,小男孩高兴地跳了起来。(5)表示句首或句尾的非限制性定语从句。如:As everyone knows,he is the winner of the English contest.众所周知,他是英语竞赛的冠军。(6)表示称呼语。如:Mary,close the door.玛丽,关门。(7)表示演说、书信、口头通知等的称呼语。如:Ladies and gentlemen,...女士们,先生们:……(8)表示引出直接引语。如: The boy shouted,“Be careful!”那个男孩喊道:“小心!”
3.分号(Semicolon)分号表示比逗号长的停顿。分号主要是用在没有连词的情况下把句子分开。另外,在however,therefore,nevertheless等副词前也常用分号。如: They often play basketball;they are getting more and more healthy.他们经常打篮球;他们变得越来越健康了。4.引号(Quotation marks) 引号主要表示直接引语。引号分两种:双引号和单引号,在引号之内再用引号只能用单引号。如: The old man continued,“I was about to go into the lift when I heard a young man shout‘Hands up!’”老人继续说道:“我正要进电梯,这时听到一个年轻人喊道‘举起手
来!’”5.冒号(Colon)冒号主要用来引出下文,表示举例、摘录、解释、引语、对照等。如:The whole plan is as follows:...整个计划如下:…… What he told me is this:...他告诉我的是:……6.问号(Question mark) 问号表示疑问,用于各种疑问句末尾。如: What are you going to do this weekend?这周末你要做什么?
7.感叹号(Exclamation mark) 感叹号主要用在感叹句、感叹词和表示强烈感情的祈使句后面。如: What a fine day it is today!今天天气多好啊!My God!我的天啊! Be quick,please!请快点!8.省略号(Ellipsis mark) 省略号表示言犹未尽的省略或相同内容的省略。英语省略号是三个点,居下。如:“Help!Help!...”Everyone heard the voice from the river over there just
now.“救命!救命!……”刚才每个人都听到了从那边河里传来的声音。9.破折号(Dash)破折号表示后面是对前面的解释,也表示意义的递进。如: The whole country welcomes your visit—your visit to our country.举国欢迎您来我国访问。10.连字号(Hyphen)连字号表示复合词的连接或移行,连字号比破折号短。如:a five-year plan一个五年计划
清单二    高级词汇在写作中的运用　　写作中所谓的“高级词汇”指的是《课程标准》中有但课本中出现的频率不高而实际中经常用到,或《课程标准》中没有列入或没有识记要求,但在实际运用中却出现比较频繁的词汇(包括短语)。要让语言表达多样化,就要做到“人无我有,人有我优”。如果考生能恰当地运用此类词汇,在写作中定会给评卷老师留下深刻的印象,提高书面表达的得分。下面把写作中常用的高级词汇做一下简单总结,希望对同学们的写作有所裨益。
雕词琢句(1)很多事情导致了交通问题。Quite a few things 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　     the traffic problem.(2)我真诚地希望你能考虑我的建议。I sincerely hope you will 　　　　　　　     my suggestions　　　　    　　　　　　    .(3)除了采取措施向污染宣战,我们别无选择。We 　　　　　　　　　　     but to take measures to fight against pollu-tion.
(4)我突然想到一个好主意。All of a sudden,a good idea 　　　　　　　　　　　     me.(5)我们应该记住不劳无获。We should 　　　　　　　　　　　     that no pain, no gain.(6)新技术的应用和电影明星的广泛吸引力也是票房收入增长的原因。The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars    .(7)票房收入的增长有多种因素。     
答案　(1)give rise to/contribute to/result in/lead to (2)take;into account/consideration (3)have no alternative (4)occurred to(5)keep/bear in mind(6)can also account for the increase in the box-office income(7)The increase in the box-office income can be attributed to a number of factors.
雕词琢句(1)你应该抓住这个机会克服这个缺点。You should seize 　　　　　　    to overcome　　　　　    .(2)不同的人对食品安全的问题有着不同的看法。　　　　　　　　　     have different opinions about the safety of food.(3)这是一个你和其他人分享照片的好机会。     (4)越来越多的人选择在网上看电影。     
答案　(1)the opportunity;the drawback(2)Different individuals (3)This is a good opportunity for you to share your photos with others. (4)An increasing number of people choose to watch movies on the Internet.
雕词琢句用高级词汇完成下面的句子(1)In the coming three years,our school life 　　　　　　　　　　    (具有挑战性).(2)As a matter of fact,obeying the traffic rules is 　　　　　　　　　    　　    (非常重要).(3)Hearing the exciting news,all of us 　　　　　　　　　　    (欣喜若狂).
(4)At first, please read some materials about poetry of the Tang Dynasty, which 　　　　　　　　　　    (在我们的文学中起着极其重要的作用).(2017课标全国Ⅰ)答案　(1)will be challenging(2)vital/significant/of great significance (3)were wild with joy(4)plays an extremely significant role in our literature
雕词琢句用高级词汇完成下面的句子(1)　　　　　　　　　    (毫不犹豫),I decided to follow them and did have lots of fun that day.(2)　　　　　　　　　    (最后),we worked out the difficult problem which 　　　　　　　　　    (对他们来讲极其困难).(3)昨天雨下得很大。因此,我们取消了会议。     答案　(1)Without hesitation (2)Eventually;was extremely tough for them(3)It rained heavily yesterday.Therefore/Consequently,we called off the Meeting.
5.介词(短语)类
雕词琢句(1)事实上,每个人都有自己的优点和缺点。     (2)考虑到他的年龄,他做得已经相当不错了。     
(3)总之,为了提高普通话水平,你最好多加练习。(2015四川)     答案　(1)As a matter of fact,everyone has his own strengths and weak-nesses.(2)In view of his age,he has done it very well.(3)In conclusion,in order to improve your Mandarin,you had better practice more.
清单三    写作基本原则
一、长短句原则一个短小精悍的句子,通常可以起到画龙点睛的作用。尤其是当我们把短句放在段首时,它不仅可以承上启下,还可以揭示主题,如:As a crea-ture,I eat;as a man,I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind,they are in a way quite similar.由此可见,长短句结合,可以给人抑扬顿挫之感。因此,许多专家建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,这样主体部分定会让人赏心悦目,文章结尾只需用一长一短。
二、主题句原则一篇文章的开头(有时也可在结尾)有一个主题句,也就有了中心,然后围绕主题展开相关内容,这样的文章思路清晰,让人一目了然。否则,若把主题隐藏在文章的中间,很可能使读者感觉云里雾里,不知所云。如:To begin with,you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared be-fore the exam.(主题句)Without sufficient preparation,you can hardly ex-pect to answer all the questions correctly.开头一句赫然醒目,直接点题。
三、条理性原则一般来说,如果一篇文章以第一、第二、第三或首先、其次、再次等罗列要点会让人感觉层次分明、条理清晰、逻辑性强。强烈推荐下列关联词:1.to begin with,then,furthermore,finally 2.to start with,next,in addition,finally3.first,besides,last but not least4.most important of all,moreover,finally 5.for one thing,for another6.on the one hand,on the other hand(用来说明不同的理由或原因)
四、短语优先原则写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果正确使用短语,有两个好处:一是用短语会给文章增光添彩,自然会增加得分点;二是学生在考场上有时因为过于紧张而造成思维短路,但还得凑够词数,那么用短语替代一个单词不失为一种好办法。比如:I cannot bear it.可以表达为:I cannot put up with it.这样词数明显增加,表达也非常准确。
五、多实少虚原则写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不能空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们想表达一个人或事物很好的时候,不应该总用nice这样空洞的词,而是要使用一些诸如generous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warm-hearted,hospitable 之类的形容词。这些生动形象的词语一定会让你的文章大放异彩,令人耳目一新。
六、多变句式原则1.并列(串联)我们有时希望自己像个 native speaker一样能写很长的句子,但又怕写错。要解决这一问题,最保险的写长句的方法是在句子之间加and,但它们之间最好是先后关系或者并列关系。如:I enjoy music and he is fond of playing the guitar.如果二者是并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:not only...but also...。如:Not only is the fur coat soft,but it is also warm.表示并列关系的词还有:besides,furthermore,likewise,moreover等。2.转折(拐弯抹角)用了表示转折的词,可以使文章要点明确,重点突出。如:
The car was quite old,yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin,but it was warm.表转折的词或短语还有:still,however,nevertheless,in spite of,despite等。3.因果 文章中使用了表示因果关系的词后,可以让你的句式变得丰富多彩,语言富于变化,更具说服力。如:The snow began to fall,so we went home.表示因果关系的关联词或短语还有:then,therefore,consequently,as a re-sult,for this reason,so that等。4.失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重)有时突然出现一个不合乎常理的句子,必然会吸引别人的注意力,显得
与众不同。其实就是使用了主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句。如:This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.5.附加 定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语的恰当运用,也会让人感觉你既有深厚的语法功底,又具有极强的语言表达能力。如:The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don't enjoy the book you are reading.Mr.Liu,our oral English teacher,is easy-going.6.排比文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果要让你的文章更加精彩的
话,可以使用多个排比句、多个对偶句、多个不定式、多个动词、多个短语等,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势。如:Whether your tastes are modern or traditional,complex or simple,there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays,energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil,coal,natural gas,solar heat,wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard,to enlarge our scope of knowledge,to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.
七、挑战极限原则 挑战极限听似很难,但并非高不可攀。在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格之类的句子,因为学生要么想不到,要么怕写错。其实这一语法项目并不难,它只是分词的一种特殊形式:分词要求前后主语一致,而独立主格则有自己的逻辑主语。如:The weather being fine,a large number of people went to climb the West-ern Hills.Africa is the second largest continent,its size being about three times that of China.这种句子出现在文章中一定会令人刮目相看,很自然地成了一个得分点。
方法技巧
1.合理谋篇布局,有效地使用语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑要想写出一篇“好”的文章,考生不能把材料中所提供要点的顺序当成所写文章的顺序。在写作之前,只有根据逻辑关系对材料的要点进行组合、调整,才能充分展现考生不拘泥于材料的灵活思维。2.运用较复杂的句子结构高考鼓励考生尽量使用较复杂的语言结构。较复杂的语言结构通常指以下几种情况:(1)尽量使用复合句,如在一句中加入定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、主语从句或表语从句。(2)使用变化多样的句式,如疑问句、祈使句、倒装句、省略句。
(3)使用非谓语动词、强调句型和其他固定句型。3.尽可能使用高级词汇和地道的表达文章中词汇的运用,能够充分体现考生的词汇量和整体英语水平。4.强化系统训练高考书面表达题能够全面地考查考生运用语言的基本功。如词、句的正确应用,语法结构的处理以及语段之间的自然衔接,这些都有赖于平时的点滴训练与实践,不可能一蹴而就。这就从客观上要求我们的训练要循序渐进。高中阶段的书面表达可分为三个周期。每学年为一个周期。高一主要训练学生的应用文,包括日记、通知(书面、口头)、书信、便条、海报等;高二除了巩固操练应用文外,还应进行记叙文的训练,尤其是情景或情况描述类写作的练习;高三首先要进一步强化和巩
固高一、高二的训练内容。与此同时,应在文章的谋篇布局,词、短语、句子的选择上斟酌和推敲,力求使文章语言丰富、结构清晰且层次分明。5.注重选材质量要让学生的书面表达“练有成效”,选材是关键。结合近几年高考试题,笔者认为所选材料需具备以下几个条件:(1)所选材料应为学生所熟悉、贴近生活实际且易于使学生对写作信息进行输出。(2)选材时注意内容的简洁性,时态的清晰性,词汇使用的普及性和规范性。(3)选材有利于培养学生的创新精神。近几年高考不是读图就是看表,
无不体现这一要求。因为无论是图还是表,均没有完整的信息呈现。学生首先必须认真审图、审表,弄清楚其中的内在联系,然后根据自己对图表的理解用英语表达出来。这种再加工的过程就是培养学生创新能力的过程。6.讲究训练结果从学生的角度来说,一篇文章就是自己塑造的艺术品。学生不应把它看成死板的任务,而应把它看成对自己能力的挑战和艺术价值的体现。不能总是出“废品”,让老师修正,而应精雕细刻,多出“精品”,乃至“极品”。7.确保写作时间确保写作时间包含两个方面:①平时训练不应拖拖拉拉,应限时完成,完
成时间通常在20~25分钟;②考试时要提高阅读速度,以确保书面表达有足够的时间高质量地完成。有的老师要求学生在做完完形填空后就做第二卷,最后做阅读,以确保书面表达的时间。这也不失为应试的一种小技巧。总之,随着近几年高考评分标准的提高,书面表达对学生的表达能力提出了更新、更高的要求。若注重平时训练中存在的问题,不断改进教法与学法,学生一定能写出出色的文章来。8.高考评分标准(1)评分原则①评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。
②词数少于80和多于120的,从总分中减去2分。③评分时应注意的主要内容为:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。④拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。⑤如书写较差以致影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。(2)各档次的给分范围和要求(满分为25分)