定语从句讲解PPT课件

这是一份定语从句讲解PPT课件，共57页。PPT课件主要包含了关系副词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
简单句→That pretty girl is my sister.复合句→That pretty girl wh is talking t my English teacher is my sister.→Happiness and success ften cme t thse wh are gd at rganizing their wn strengths.
2、定语从句的种类定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：This is the huse which we bught last mnth. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The huse, which we bught last mnth, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 限制性定语从句与先行词间的关系密切，不用逗号隔开，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用wh(主语),whm(宾语)，指物时须用which.
3、基本结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句→先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。→关系词：连接主从句、指代先行词、在句子中充当一定成分的叫做关系词。The wman wh is very shrt is ur English teacher. ↑ ↑ 先行词 关系词 关系代词：wh whm whse which that 关系副词: where when why
The wman wh/that lives next dr is a dctr.Jack is a persn whm I admire very much.We helped smene whse car had brken dwn.I dn’t like stries that have unhappy endings.The machine which/that brke dwn is wrking again.
指人：wh（主语/宾语/表语）whm（宾语）
He is the man whm/ that I saw yesterday.  他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whm/that作宾语） 
The man wh is talking with my father is a pliceman.(wh作主语) 那个正在与我父亲谈话的男的是个警察。
The wman wh/whm I saw just nw is Mrs Li.(wh/whm作宾语)我刚才看到的那位妇女是李夫人。
Is he the man wh/that wants t see yu?  他就是你想见的人吗？（wh/that在从句中作主语） 
物或人：whse +名词
She is my sister whse name is Amy. （whse作定语） 她是我的叫艾米的那个妹妹。
They rushed ver t help the man whse car had brken dwn.　 （whse作定语） 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
He lives in a rm whse windw faces nrth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
Please pass me the bk whse (f which) cver is green.　 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 
只指物：which(主/宾/表)
This is the huse which we bught last mnth.　　　这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（which作宾语）
China is a large cuntry which has lng histry.中国是个有很长历史的大国。 （which作主语）
既可指物也可指人的：that There is a film that I wuld like t see. 有一部电影我想去看。 （that作宾语） He is the nly ne amng us that knws French. 他是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。（that作主语）
The ld temple _____ rf was damaged in a strm is nw under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whseD
that和which的选择
(1) 只用 that，不用which
①当先行词为all, much, little, few, nne, smething, anything, everything, nthing,sme等不定代词时，如： a. All that can be dne has been dne. b. I am sure she has smething that yu can brrw. c. There is little that the enemy can d besides surrender.
② 先行词被all, every, n, sme, any, little, much,修饰时：
I’ve read all the bks that yu gave me.
③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best bk that I’ve ever read.
This is the first cmpsitin that he has written in English.
④先行词被the nly, the very, the last 修饰时。
That white flwer is the nly ne that I really like.This is the very bk that I want t find.
⑤ 当先行词既有人又有物时，这个定语从句要用that而不用wh (whm)和which引导。如：
He talked abut the teachers and schls that he had visited.
⑥当主句是which, wh等开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句用that引导。
Wh is the persn that is standing at the gate?Which f us that knws smething abut physics des nt knw this?What that is n the table belngs t me?
* ⑦ 当关系代词在从句中作表语时，that可省略：
The village is nt the ne (that) it was years ag. China is n lnger the cuntry (that) it used t be.
Which可以引导①非限定性定语从句，②可用于介词后，③其先行词也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。
（2）只用which的情况
My huse, which I bught last year, has gt a lvely garden.　 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 　 
The pen with which yu are writing is Jeff’s.你正在用来写字的笔是杰夫的。
1. She heard a terrible nise, ______ brught her heart int her muth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned ut t be gd, ___ was mre than we culd expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it
Helen was much kinder t her yungest child than she was t the thers, _____, f curse, made the thers jealus. A. whm B. that C. what D. which
非限制性定语从句，‘海伦对最小的孩子最好’这件事，让其他人嫉妒，而且有插入语，关系词用which
关系副词：when、where、why1、when 表示时间 （从句中作状语） 先行词为表示时间的名词，如：time,year,day,hur等。We will never frget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
1.D yu remember the days when we chatted with each ther all night? （作状语）你还记得我们整天聊天的那些日子吗？2.D yu remember the days that/which we spend tgether n the farm?（作宾语）你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？注意：先行词都是表示时间的词，此时要以它在从句中作的成分来确定关系词。
We put ff the meeting until March 3, when everyne will nt be s busy.
2.where 表示地点，代替先行词在从句中作状语。Finally，we gt t a factry, where many mbile phnes f high quality were prduced.最后，我们来到一家工厂，在那里许多高质量的手机被生产出来。This is the huse which/that was built by my grandfather frty years ag?这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。注意：先行词都是表示地点的词，此时要以它在从句中作的成分来确定关系词。当抽象名词psitin,pint,case,stage,situatin等作先行词并在从句中充当状语时用 where 来引导从句。It is helpful t put children in a situatin where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子们放到一个能够让他们从不同的角度看待自己的环境中，这对于他们有所帮助。
3.why 表示原因 先行词一般为reasn，在从句中作状语。I dn't knw the reasn why he didn't turn t his gd friend fr help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没想他的好朋友求助。I wn't listen t the reasn that/which yu have given us.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。
I still remember the place ____ I met her fr the first time. A. that B. which C. what D. where
the place作先行词表示地点，关系词用where引导原句意思为: 我仍记得我和她初次见面的地方
二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.种类：指物 : 介词+which；指人：介词+whm;This is the bk n which I spent 5 yuan.The ld man has tw sns, bth f whm are lawyers.2.介词的选择原则：a.谓语动词的搭配习惯确定： n which I spent 5 yuan. This is the bk fr which I paid 5 yuan. frm which I learnt a lt. abut which Tm ften talks .
b. 介词根据先行词的搭配习惯而确定： the day n which I settled in china. I remember the days during which I lived here the mnth in which I stayed there.c.介词根据从句所表达的意义而确定： My cmputer,withut which I can't surf the internet, crashed yesteday.
This is the bk in _____ Fster described his experience f the war. A. that B. what C. where D. which
考查定语从句的引导词原句可看成Fster described his experience f the war in this bk.所以当先行词为bk时，关系词用in which
三、when where why 与"介词+which" 的替换
Fill in the blanks with prper prepsitins:1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live.2. The student ________ whm we were talking just nw is the best student in ur class.3. I’ll never frget the day _____ which she said gd-bye t me.4. Wh can give me the reasn ______ which he hasn’t turned up yet?5.The by climbed t the tp f the tree, where he culd see the enemy in the distance.
关系代词和关系副词的区别：在从句中充当的成分不一样
关系代词在从句中做主语/宾语/表语；关系副词在从句中充当状语；This is the factry where he used t wrk.（状语）这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。This is the factry which/that he visited last week.（宾语）这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。
He’s nt nearly such a fl as they think.As is knwn t all, China is a develping cuntry.
as 引导的定语从句仍有“正如，像”等某些连词的意思，可不翻译.
1、All______ is useful t us is gd.
A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whether
2、Is this factry ____ we visited last week.
A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the ne
3、She will never frget the day_____ she spent in Beijing.
A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why
4、This is the schl _______ my father wrked 20 years ag.
A、thatB、whenC、whichD、where
5、This is the very factry_______we visited last year.
A、thatB、whichC、whatD、the ne
6、The text is ne f the mst interesting stries_______learnt in the past three days.
A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has been
7、The cllege wn’t take anyne _____ eyesight is weak.
A、whB、whseC、f whmD、which
8、Let me think f a prper situatin _______ this sentence can be used.
A、whereB、thatC、f whmD、which
9、The man _______ yu are talking is in the next rm.
A、t whmB、abut whmC、abut whD、whm
10、This is the last factry ___ he used t wrk at, many wrkers f _____ still have a gd relatinship with him.
A、that; itB、which; whmC、that; whichD、which; that
11、Thse _____ t take part in the game write dwn yur names.
A、whB、wh wantC、what wantsD、want
12、I，______ yu gd friend, will try my best t help yu ut.
A、wh is B、what is C、what am D、wh am
13、His walking stick, ____ he can’t walk, was lst yesterday.
A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、withut which
14、They have decided t finish their wrk, ______, I think is a wise chice.
A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whether
15、I dn’t like the way _____ he spke t me.
A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/
16、This is the nly thing _____ I can d nw.
A、whatB、whichC、thatD、all
17、There are three libraries in ur schl, _______ were built five years ag.
A、all f themB、either f themC、all f whichD、bth f that
18、He tld me the reasn _____ he didn’t cme here.
A、whichB、thatC、whyD、what
19、This is the reasn ______ he tld me.
A、thatB、whyC、n whichD、fr that
20、Which f the tw cws ______ yu keep prduces mre milk?
A、whichB、thatC、whatD、as
1. Anyne _______ wants t learn smething can sign up fr the nline curses.2. The bk tells stries f the flding brught by Typhn thrugh the eyes f thse ________lives were affected.3.A lt f children still study in classrms _______ windws are brken.4. I liked the persn t _________ yu just talked.5. His parents wuldn’t let him marry anyne ________ family was pr.　6. Our city has a lng histry, _________ makes us citizens feel really prud.
1. wh / that; 2.whse; 3.whse; 4.whm; 5.whse 6.which