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二轮复习专题01习 名词 高考英语语法专项讲练课件
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这是一份二轮复习专题01习 名词 高考英语语法专项讲练课件，共27页。PPT课件主要包含了名词Nouns，学习目标，Scene1，Scene2，Scene3，Scene4等内容，欢迎下载使用。
正确掌握可数名词和不可数名词的区别，名词单数变复数的规则变化和不规则变化、派生名词的特点。
运用名词的基本规则解决学习难题。
自行总结名词的运用规则。
CORONAVIRUS
virus是单数还是复数？
virus 单数形式viruses 复数形式，多种病毒其他情况用单数。和fish用法相同。
Last week, The Shenzhen Health Cmmissin said that everybdy shuld take a necleic acid test(核酸检测） fr nvel crnavirus(新型冠状病毒).
① In frnt f me, man and wman are waiting in line.
Which ne is right?
② In frnt f me, a man and a wman are waiting in line.
Tips1: 单数可数名词(S.N)用不定冠词a/an，代词my/his/her/their/yur，数词ne等修饰，不可单独使用。一个老师 a teacher 我的妈妈 my mther 一个学生 ne student
①In an universtiy, we have waited fr an hur.
②In a universtiy, we have waited fr a hur.
③In a universtiy, we have waited fr an hur.
Tips2: 判断用a还是an，要看名词首字母的发音。a加在以辅音音素开头的名词前。 一个电脑a cmputer [kəmˈpjuːtər] 一件制服a unifrm [ˈjuːnɪfɔːrm] an加在以元音音素开头的名词前。 一个橘子an range [ˈɔːrɪndʒ] 一个小时an hur [ˈaʊər]
元音字母a,e,i,，u中，a，e,i,开头的单词用an修饰，u [ju:] 是例外。 以u开头的单词，发/Ju:/用a修饰;发/ʌ/用an修饰
Exercise 1一个苹果_____ apple 一个耳朵_____ ear一英尺土地_____ inch f land 一个海洋_____ cean一把伞_____ umbrella [ʌmˈbrelə]一个独特的花瓶_____ unique [juˈniːk] vase 一个有用的电脑_____ useful [ˈjuːsfl] cmputer一个丈夫_____ husband [ˈhʌzbənd] 一个英雄_____ her[ˈhɪrʊ] 一个小时_____ hur [ˈaʊər] 一个诚实的女孩_____ hnest [ˈɑːnɪst] girl
21个辅音字母中，h是特例
①A bttles f disinfectants is placed in a desk.
②A bttle f disinfectant is placed in a desk.
Tips3: 不可数名词(UN )表数量用“数词+单位名词+f”用much，a lt f，a little，little，sme，plenty f，a great deal f修饰。 eg:一条建议/信息 一些建议/信息 a piece f advice/inrmatin sme advice/infrmatin 取得一些进步 make much prgress
③A bttle f disinfectants is placed in a desk.
两条建议 tw pieces f advice
make a prgress
抽象名词具体化 What a surprise!
Sme vlunteers are checking the health QR cde.
Sme vlunteer are checking the health QR cde.
D yu knw the plural frms(复数形式) f the nun?
Three________(dctr) wear_______(mask).
Can yu describe the scene?
Their _________(watch) are in three _______(bx).
Think and summarize
Tips5: 复数名词以s，x，sh，ch结尾，词尾加-es.eg: 灌木 bush→ 大众mass→ 狐狸fx→ 英寸inch→
Tips4: 一般复数名词在名词后加s.
特例：mnarchs(君主) stmachs(胃)
A dctr hld tw________(knife) in the peratin rm.
There are sme _______(pian)fr nurses t play. They are ________(her) fr us.
Tips5: 以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es.改错：It was autumn and the leaf were yellw. 特例：rf→rfs屋顶 belief→beliefs信仰 chef→chefs厨师 prf→prfs证据
Tips7:以结尾,有生命加es,无生命加s.eg: 土豆 ptat→ 照片pht→特例： vlcanes(火山) , eches(回声), msquits(蚊子)
the leaves were yellw.
With all kinds f apprpriate ________(plicy), ______(by) and girls are saved frm death.
Tips8:辅音+y结尾，改y为i,再加es. eg: 苍蝇 fly--flies 元音+y结尾，直接加s. eg: 人 guy--guys
Tips9: man/wman修饰名词，双方都变复数。Attentin：girl/by修饰名词，只将名词变为复数形式。eg: 男生志愿者们 by vlunteers 对比：men vlunteers 女生舞者 girl dancers 对比:wmen dancers
They are grateful fr the three ____ _______(man dctr) and several _______ ______(wman nurse).
wmen nurses
We ___________(grwn-up) are mved by the music the nurse played.
These ___________(sn-in-law) rise t applaud their______________(father-in-law) fr what they d.
Tips10: 一些合成名词中有中心词，s加在中心词上；无中心词，s加在合成词后面。一些常考的合成词: 过路者passers-by 旁观者 standers-by/lkers-n 成年人 grwn-ups
fathers-in-law
During the utbreak f COVID-19, We chinese are prtected well by a grup f lvely peple.
chinese/chineses
peple/peples.
Tips11: Chinese为单复数同行的名词， peple为复数名词。常用的复数名词还有： plice(警察)，cattle(牛群)常见的单复数同行的名词还有：Japanese，Swiss（瑞士人）， Vietnamese(越南人)
Why are they called the lvely peple?
Because f their ________(devte) and ___________(selfless) t wrk.
selflessness
Tips12: 一些名词以-in/-ness/-ment/-r/-er/ - ian/ -ist/-cy等结尾。 eg: exist→existence存在
What shuld we d?
1. 戴口罩 wear_______(mask)2. 勤洗手 wash yur_______(hand)3. 常通风 pen yur_________(windw)4. 勤消毒 Frequent ____________(disinfectin)5. 不聚集 Dn’t g t crwded_______(place)6. 多喝水 drink much________(water)
disinfectin
Cnslidatin1: Practice makes perfect!
1．Cws have fur ________.What abut ________ and ________？ A．stmaches；msquits；mnkeys B．stmachs；msquites；mnkeiesC．stmachs；msquits；mnkeys D．stmaches；msquites；mnkeies2．He fund a lt f _________ were________.A．passers﹣by； grwn﹣ups B．passer﹣bys； grwns﹣upC．passer﹣bys； grwn﹣ups D．passers﹣by； grwns﹣up 3．Tw _______teachers and fur ______students were praised at the meeting yesterday．A．wmen； girl B．wman； girlC．wman； girlsD．wmen； girls 4．The students at clleges r universities are making ______ fr the cming new year．A．many preparatins B．much preparatinC．preparatinD．preparatins 5．I want sme _______ and ______ in my rm．A．shelves； sfas B．shelfes； plantsC．phtes； shelvesD．furnitures； shelves
6．There were three ___ eggs in the basket．A．dzenB．dzensC．dzens fD．dzened f 7．We're glad that the party turns ut ________．A．Success B．a successC．t be succeedD．successful ne 8．Hey， yu can't enter Lady's Rm. Yu tw are _______ .A．man wrkersB．man wrker C．men wrkersD．men wrker 9．It is that the industrial cities f the nineteenth century in England d nt attract visitrs.A．a pityB．the pityC．pity D．pities
10. （2021年新高考I卷）The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we ____57____ (human) are.11. （2021年全国甲卷）Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and ___49_________ (watchtwer) t fake pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their daily rutines.12. （2021年全国乙卷）It ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the _____62________(develp)f the lcal areas. 13. （2021年6月浙江卷） Charles Dresser perfrmed their ____38____ （marry）ceremny in 1842.14. (2020年，新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Histrical 19. ___________(accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.15. (2020年，全国卷I) The far side f the mn is f particular 24.___________ (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山)
Cnslidatin2: Practice makes perfect!
Can yu make a summary by yurself?
①无复数；不可用a/an修饰名词；②表具体数量用“数词+单位名词+f”eg: a piece f furniture tw cups f tea③表大概的量用much，a lt f，a little，little，sme，plenty f，a great deal feg: sme advice/ a great deal f water④抽象名词具体化eg: in surprise what a surprise!
一般名词前加不定冠词a/an，代词my/his/her/their，数词ne等，不可单独使用。eg: a desk my cmputer three desks
注意：a加在以辅音音素开头的名词前，如a cmputer（一台电脑）。an加在以元音音素开头的名词前，如an range（一个橘子）。 判断用a还是an，要看名词首字母的发音。如a university/unifrm, an hur
1.一般情况下，词尾加-s。 bed→beds床 page→pages页2.以s，x，sh，ch结尾，词尾加-es。 bx→bxes盒子 watch→watches手表3.以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es。 leaf→leaves树叶 knife→knives刀子 特例： rf→rfs屋顶 belief→beliefs信仰 chef→chefs厨师 prf→prfs证据
①有生命，加s: kangars, bambs, zs, phts, pians, studis②无生命，加es: vlcanes, heres, ptates, tmates
①辅音字母+y结尾,y → ies：strategy→strategies, plicy→plicies
②元音字母+y结尾,y → s：by→bys, guy→guys,dnkey→dnkeys
①有中心词，s加在中心词上 father-in-law→fathers-in-law sn-in-law→sns-in-law
②无中心词，s放在名词后 grwn-up→grwns-up lker-n→lkers-n
③“man/wman+中心词．”变复数时，作定语的man/wman和中心词都要变复数。 wman techer→wmen techers man manager→men managers
①元音变化：tth→teeth牙齿 man→men男人②词尾变化：x→xen牛 child→children孩子③单复数同形：deer,sheep,means,series, wrks (由名词前的修饰词决定单复数)eg: All the means have been tried. Every mean has been tried.④复数名词：clthes衣服 cattle牛群 peple人们⑤某国人（提示：表示“某国人”的名词复数形式因习惯不同而异。）a. 单复数同行 Chinese，Japanese，Swiss， Vietnamese.b. 直接加s German→Germans
①动词(v.) → 名词(n.)以-ence, -ance/-tin, -sin/-ment/-ure/-al结尾exist→existence assist→assistanceadpt→adptin impress→impressinastnish→astnishment invest→investment特例：建议 advise→advice；设施 devise→device； 回复 respnd→respnse； 选择 chse→chice②形容词（adj.）→名词（n.）以-ness/-age/-th/-ce，-se/-y，-cy结尾冷静 calm→calmness 无私selfless→selflessness婚姻 marry→marriage 短缺 shrt→shrtage温暖 warm→warmth 真理 true→truth压力 press→pressure 离开 depart→departure
正确掌握可数名词和不可数名词的区别，名词单数变复数的规则变化和不规则变化、派生名词的特点。
运用名词的基本规则解决学习难题。
自行总结名词的运用规则。
CORONAVIRUS
virus是单数还是复数？
virus 单数形式viruses 复数形式，多种病毒其他情况用单数。和fish用法相同。
Last week, The Shenzhen Health Cmmissin said that everybdy shuld take a necleic acid test(核酸检测） fr nvel crnavirus(新型冠状病毒).
① In frnt f me, man and wman are waiting in line.
Which ne is right?
② In frnt f me, a man and a wman are waiting in line.
Tips1: 单数可数名词(S.N)用不定冠词a/an，代词my/his/her/their/yur，数词ne等修饰，不可单独使用。一个老师 a teacher 我的妈妈 my mther 一个学生 ne student
①In an universtiy, we have waited fr an hur.
②In a universtiy, we have waited fr a hur.
③In a universtiy, we have waited fr an hur.
Tips2: 判断用a还是an，要看名词首字母的发音。a加在以辅音音素开头的名词前。 一个电脑a cmputer [kəmˈpjuːtər] 一件制服a unifrm [ˈjuːnɪfɔːrm] an加在以元音音素开头的名词前。 一个橘子an range [ˈɔːrɪndʒ] 一个小时an hur [ˈaʊər]
元音字母a,e,i,，u中，a，e,i,开头的单词用an修饰，u [ju:] 是例外。 以u开头的单词，发/Ju:/用a修饰;发/ʌ/用an修饰
Exercise 1一个苹果_____ apple 一个耳朵_____ ear一英尺土地_____ inch f land 一个海洋_____ cean一把伞_____ umbrella [ʌmˈbrelə]一个独特的花瓶_____ unique [juˈniːk] vase 一个有用的电脑_____ useful [ˈjuːsfl] cmputer一个丈夫_____ husband [ˈhʌzbənd] 一个英雄_____ her[ˈhɪrʊ] 一个小时_____ hur [ˈaʊər] 一个诚实的女孩_____ hnest [ˈɑːnɪst] girl
21个辅音字母中，h是特例
①A bttles f disinfectants is placed in a desk.
②A bttle f disinfectant is placed in a desk.
Tips3: 不可数名词(UN )表数量用“数词+单位名词+f”用much，a lt f，a little，little，sme，plenty f，a great deal f修饰。 eg:一条建议/信息 一些建议/信息 a piece f advice/inrmatin sme advice/infrmatin 取得一些进步 make much prgress
③A bttle f disinfectants is placed in a desk.
两条建议 tw pieces f advice
make a prgress
抽象名词具体化 What a surprise!
Sme vlunteers are checking the health QR cde.
Sme vlunteer are checking the health QR cde.
D yu knw the plural frms(复数形式) f the nun?
Three________(dctr) wear_______(mask).
Can yu describe the scene?
Their _________(watch) are in three _______(bx).
Think and summarize
Tips5: 复数名词以s，x，sh，ch结尾，词尾加-es.eg: 灌木 bush→ 大众mass→ 狐狸fx→ 英寸inch→
Tips4: 一般复数名词在名词后加s.
特例：mnarchs(君主) stmachs(胃)
A dctr hld tw________(knife) in the peratin rm.
There are sme _______(pian)fr nurses t play. They are ________(her) fr us.
Tips5: 以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es.改错：It was autumn and the leaf were yellw. 特例：rf→rfs屋顶 belief→beliefs信仰 chef→chefs厨师 prf→prfs证据
Tips7:以结尾,有生命加es,无生命加s.eg: 土豆 ptat→ 照片pht→特例： vlcanes(火山) , eches(回声), msquits(蚊子)
the leaves were yellw.
With all kinds f apprpriate ________(plicy), ______(by) and girls are saved frm death.
Tips8:辅音+y结尾，改y为i,再加es. eg: 苍蝇 fly--flies 元音+y结尾，直接加s. eg: 人 guy--guys
Tips9: man/wman修饰名词，双方都变复数。Attentin：girl/by修饰名词，只将名词变为复数形式。eg: 男生志愿者们 by vlunteers 对比：men vlunteers 女生舞者 girl dancers 对比:wmen dancers
They are grateful fr the three ____ _______(man dctr) and several _______ ______(wman nurse).
wmen nurses
We ___________(grwn-up) are mved by the music the nurse played.
These ___________(sn-in-law) rise t applaud their______________(father-in-law) fr what they d.
Tips10: 一些合成名词中有中心词，s加在中心词上；无中心词，s加在合成词后面。一些常考的合成词: 过路者passers-by 旁观者 standers-by/lkers-n 成年人 grwn-ups
fathers-in-law
During the utbreak f COVID-19, We chinese are prtected well by a grup f lvely peple.
chinese/chineses
peple/peples.
Tips11: Chinese为单复数同行的名词， peple为复数名词。常用的复数名词还有： plice(警察)，cattle(牛群)常见的单复数同行的名词还有：Japanese，Swiss（瑞士人）， Vietnamese(越南人)
Why are they called the lvely peple?
Because f their ________(devte) and ___________(selfless) t wrk.
selflessness
Tips12: 一些名词以-in/-ness/-ment/-r/-er/ - ian/ -ist/-cy等结尾。 eg: exist→existence存在
What shuld we d?
1. 戴口罩 wear_______(mask)2. 勤洗手 wash yur_______(hand)3. 常通风 pen yur_________(windw)4. 勤消毒 Frequent ____________(disinfectin)5. 不聚集 Dn’t g t crwded_______(place)6. 多喝水 drink much________(water)
disinfectin
Cnslidatin1: Practice makes perfect!
1．Cws have fur ________.What abut ________ and ________？ A．stmaches；msquits；mnkeys B．stmachs；msquites；mnkeiesC．stmachs；msquits；mnkeys D．stmaches；msquites；mnkeies2．He fund a lt f _________ were________.A．passers﹣by； grwn﹣ups B．passer﹣bys； grwns﹣upC．passer﹣bys； grwn﹣ups D．passers﹣by； grwns﹣up 3．Tw _______teachers and fur ______students were praised at the meeting yesterday．A．wmen； girl B．wman； girlC．wman； girlsD．wmen； girls 4．The students at clleges r universities are making ______ fr the cming new year．A．many preparatins B．much preparatinC．preparatinD．preparatins 5．I want sme _______ and ______ in my rm．A．shelves； sfas B．shelfes； plantsC．phtes； shelvesD．furnitures； shelves
6．There were three ___ eggs in the basket．A．dzenB．dzensC．dzens fD．dzened f 7．We're glad that the party turns ut ________．A．Success B．a successC．t be succeedD．successful ne 8．Hey， yu can't enter Lady's Rm. Yu tw are _______ .A．man wrkersB．man wrker C．men wrkersD．men wrker 9．It is that the industrial cities f the nineteenth century in England d nt attract visitrs.A．a pityB．the pityC．pity D．pities
10. （2021年新高考I卷）The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we ____57____ (human) are.11. （2021年全国甲卷）Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and ___49_________ (watchtwer) t fake pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their daily rutines.12. （2021年全国乙卷）It ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the _____62________(develp)f the lcal areas. 13. （2021年6月浙江卷） Charles Dresser perfrmed their ____38____ （marry）ceremny in 1842.14. (2020年，新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Histrical 19. ___________(accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.15. (2020年，全国卷I) The far side f the mn is f particular 24.___________ (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山)
Cnslidatin2: Practice makes perfect!
Can yu make a summary by yurself?
①无复数；不可用a/an修饰名词；②表具体数量用“数词+单位名词+f”eg: a piece f furniture tw cups f tea③表大概的量用much，a lt f，a little，little，sme，plenty f，a great deal feg: sme advice/ a great deal f water④抽象名词具体化eg: in surprise what a surprise!
一般名词前加不定冠词a/an，代词my/his/her/their，数词ne等，不可单独使用。eg: a desk my cmputer three desks
注意：a加在以辅音音素开头的名词前，如a cmputer（一台电脑）。an加在以元音音素开头的名词前，如an range（一个橘子）。 判断用a还是an，要看名词首字母的发音。如a university/unifrm, an hur
1.一般情况下，词尾加-s。 bed→beds床 page→pages页2.以s，x，sh，ch结尾，词尾加-es。 bx→bxes盒子 watch→watches手表3.以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es。 leaf→leaves树叶 knife→knives刀子 特例： rf→rfs屋顶 belief→beliefs信仰 chef→chefs厨师 prf→prfs证据
①有生命，加s: kangars, bambs, zs, phts, pians, studis②无生命，加es: vlcanes, heres, ptates, tmates
①辅音字母+y结尾,y → ies：strategy→strategies, plicy→plicies
②元音字母+y结尾,y → s：by→bys, guy→guys,dnkey→dnkeys
①有中心词，s加在中心词上 father-in-law→fathers-in-law sn-in-law→sns-in-law
②无中心词，s放在名词后 grwn-up→grwns-up lker-n→lkers-n
③“man/wman+中心词．”变复数时，作定语的man/wman和中心词都要变复数。 wman techer→wmen techers man manager→men managers
①元音变化：tth→teeth牙齿 man→men男人②词尾变化：x→xen牛 child→children孩子③单复数同形：deer,sheep,means,series, wrks (由名词前的修饰词决定单复数)eg: All the means have been tried. Every mean has been tried.④复数名词：clthes衣服 cattle牛群 peple人们⑤某国人（提示：表示“某国人”的名词复数形式因习惯不同而异。）a. 单复数同行 Chinese，Japanese，Swiss， Vietnamese.b. 直接加s German→Germans
①动词(v.) → 名词(n.)以-ence, -ance/-tin, -sin/-ment/-ure/-al结尾exist→existence assist→assistanceadpt→adptin impress→impressinastnish→astnishment invest→investment特例：建议 advise→advice；设施 devise→device； 回复 respnd→respnse； 选择 chse→chice②形容词（adj.）→名词（n.）以-ness/-age/-th/-ce，-se/-y，-cy结尾冷静 calm→calmness 无私selfless→selflessness婚姻 marry→marriage 短缺 shrt→shrtage温暖 warm→warmth 真理 true→truth压力 press→pressure 离开 depart→departure
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