湖南省岳阳县第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题含答案

这是一份湖南省岳阳县第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题含答案，共23页。试卷主要包含了99等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分 阅读理解
Reading n the g
*FReader
A standard reading app fr eBks and audibks, FReader supprts a variety f frmats. The prgram is very pleasant t the eye and is adjustable t varius spectrums (光谱). Apart frm being a reading app, FReader has an integrated translatr fr five languages (English, Russian, German, French, and Ukrainian), making the app attractive t peple acrss the wrld. Yu can als select a sectin f the page yu are reading and share it via scial netwrks, Bluetth, SMS and ther methds.
*AlReader
Althugh it can read every type f bk, AlReader is specially designed fr Sci-Fi lvers. The app desn’t supprt iOS but yu can pen many bk frmats n yur Andrid phne. This app has enhanced graphical (图解的) features and a wide range f custmizatin ptins that fcus n prviding the best quality fr fictinal bk reading.
*Nk
Nk is strngly integrated with the nline stre Banes & Nble, where yu can find ver a millin free bks n their website r purchase new titles fr the price f as lw as $0.99. Yu can als buy yu eBks anywhere and they will autmatically appear in the Nk library. The app supprts mst eBk frmats.
*Scribd
Scribd has cme a lng way frm the dcument-reading app it was initially. Tday, it is ne f the mst famus prgrams with ver a millin titles in its library. Upn registratin, yu get a 30-day demaccunt that lets yu read all the bks yu want fr free! Apart frm bks, Scribd prvides cmic bks, audibks articles, scientific studies, curt cases and uncmmn genres that n ther app ffers. Yu can even publish yur wn bk n this platfrm.
1. Why is FReader attractive t internatinal readers?
A. It desn’t harm yur eyes.
B. It has many custmizatin ptins.
C. It has a pwerful integrated translatr.
D. Users can share what they read via scial netwrks.
2. What can yu d with AlReader?
A. Buy Sci-Fi bks.B. Enjy great graphics.
C. Read n an iOS device.D. Publish yur wn writing.
3. Where can yu read bks frm Banes & Nble fr free?
A. FRcader.B. AlReader.
C. Nk.D. Scribd.
Phtgrapher Rebecca Duglas has always been crazy abut the night sky. Her lve f the stars has taken the UK resident n “star walking” trips t Iceland and int the Arctic. Fr nature lvers like Duglas star walking turns ut t be a gd way t enjy life.
Hiking at night isn’t uncmmn. Plenty f peple hike after dark t get t campsites r watch sun rise frm a muntaintp. Star walking ges a step further by mixing hiking with stargazing. Rather than heading t an bservatry r setting up a telescpe in yur backyard, star walking takes yu n a brief jurney t lk at the stars frm different viewpints.
“An bservatry can never take the place f getting ut int a rural landscape under a blanket f stars,” says Gary Lintern f Stargazing Nights in Durham, England, wh leads guided nighttime hikes. “It’s a magical experience, and I enjy sharing it, especially at sme f my favrite lcatins, like the High Frce Waterfall, England’s largest waterfall, in Teesdale.”
There are plenty f studies that shw the health benefits f being in nature. Spending at least tw hurs a week utdrs, particularly while engaging in activities that invlve “effrtless attentin”, can decrease bld pressure, heart rale, and stress levels. Walking at night has the added benefit f imprving sleep, which is imprtant fr verall health, says Christina Pierpali Parker, a behaviral sleep researcher at the University f Alabama. Parker says that star walking wrks n tw physilgical prcesses that determine sleep quality. “Mvement and exercise, such as relaxing stargazing walks utside, may facilitate sleep,” she says.
Lintern advises reading up n the night sky befre setting ut. Free mbile apps, such as Star Walk 2, can help identify celestial bdies and are easy t use — simply pint yur phnes at the sky t get a map. Websites like Sky & Telescpe and NASA’s Space Place cver the basics, have in-depth explanatins frcnstellatins (星座), and ffer advice n gear and equipment.
At the end f the day. the best advice is t take it slw and enjy the jurney.
4. Why did Duglas g t lceland?
A. T take phts there.B. T enjy the night sky there.
C. T experience daily life there.D. T search fr an bservatry there.
5. What can we knw abut star walking?
A. It is a cmbinatin f hiking and stargazing.
B. It is similar t stargazing at an bservatry.
C. It nly requires a telescpe in yur backyard.
D. It becmes mre ppular because f Gray Lintern.
6. What des the underlined wrd “facilitate” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Slw.B. Wrsen.C. Prevent.D. Prmte.
7. What’s the fifth paragraph mainly abut?
A. Sme useful mbile apps.B. Famus websites abut hiking.
C. Prper suggestins n star walking.D. Basic knwledge f equipment fr stargazing.
Katherine Rks, a Denver-based writer, had sent her sn a text message abut cming hme frm schl “I culd tell frm his respnse that he became upset suddenly in ur thread. And when he came hme, he came ver and said, ‘What did yu mean by this?’ “Rks was cnfused.” S we lked at the text tgether and I said, “Well, I meant, see yu later, r smething. I dn ‘t remember exactly what it said.’ And he said, ‘But yu ended with a full stp! I thught yu were really angry!”Rks wasn’t angry, and she explained t her sn that, well, perids are hw yu end a sentence.
But in text-messaging — at least fr yunger adult — perids d mre than just end a sentence: they als can set a tne. Gretchen McCullch, a linguist, said that when it cmes t text-messaging, the perid has lst its riginal purpse. But that desn’t mean the perid has lst all the purpses in text-messaging. Nw it can be used t indicate seriusness r a sense f finality. “But cautin is needed,” said McCullch, nting that prblems can start t arise when yu cmbine a perid with a psitive emtin, like “sure” r “sunds gd”.
A perid can accidentally set a tne. A recent study cnducted by Binghamtn University psychlgy prfessr Celia Klin cnfirmed this. Researchers asked undergraduates t evaluate a text exchange that included an inncent questin and the answer “Yes”. Sme saw “Yes” with a perid and sme saw the wrd withut. They fund cnsistently thrugh many experiments that “Yes” with a perid resulted in respnses that were mre negative. S peple thught “Yes” with a perid was less friendly, less sincere, and s n.“I really dn’t like getting text messages that end in perids because it always feels s passive-aggressive,” said Juan Abenante Rincn, 24, a scial media manager fr Adidas. “Like, are yu mad? What’s ging n? Like, did I d smething wrng?”
Klin said this demnstrates language is cnstantly changing. “Language evlutin has happened; it’ll cntinue t happen, and isn’t it great that we’re s linguistically flexible and creative?”
8. Why des the text begin with Katherine’s cnflict with her sn?
A. T lead in the use f perid in texting.
B. T emphasize the great pwer f wrds.
C. T shw yungsters’ attitudes twards texting.
D. T suggest the right use f punctuatin marks.
9. Why is Juan Abenante Rincn mentined in the text?
A. T make assessments n the recent study.
B. T cnfirm the findings f the recent study.
C. T put frward dubts abut the recent study.
D. T shw great ppsitin fr the recent study.
10. What is Celia Klin’s attitude twards the changes in the meanings f full stps?
A. Disapprving.B. Cnservative.C. Wrried.D. Psitive.
11. What can be the suitable title f the passage?
A. Full Stps: Be OriginalB. Full Stps: Be Cautius
C. Language Evlutin: Be FlexibleD. Language Evlutin: Be Cnsistent
The Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics saw many excellent athletes cmpete n the ice and snw, prmpting an enthusiasm fr winter sprts in China. In fact, the cuntry has had a deep relatinship with winter sprts since ancient times, with skiing riginating in the Altay prefecture f Xinjiang Uygur autnmus regin.
In 2005, cave paintings f Altay peple hunting n skis with ples were discvered, which archaelgists estimated culd be mre than 10,000 years ld. Since then, Altay has been recgnized by many as ne f the birthplaces f skiing, accrding t Xinhua.
As ne f the richest cllectins f ancient rck art in China, there are herds f camels, sheep, wlves and human figures. The painting n the rf f a cave in Dundebulake village f Altay prefecture depicts humans n skis, bending their knees as they travel alngside animals, including deer and mse.
The rck art in Dundebulake is well preserved because the pictgraphs (象形文字) are well hidden in the cave.
Additinally, Alta’s dry climate has been a useful preserving agent, accrding t a 2016 research paper published by the Hebei Nrmal University.
Unique gegraphical and climatic cnditins make skiing an indispensable part f lcal peple’s lives. The climate in Altay is mild and nt t windy, s skiers are less affected by weather cnditins, allwing them t safely mve faster.
Unlike the mdern skis we use nwadays, fur skis have been used as a means f transprtatin fr the snwfield inhabitants f Altay fr mre than 100 centuries, accrding t rck carvings uncvered in the area.
Making skis has been a traditinal skill. The handmade skis have a layer f hrse skin. The fur n the hrse skin can help decrease frictin (摩擦力) when they slide dwn the hill, while the skis als prevent skiers frm falling when they walk up. At the same time, they have a wden stick in hand t keep balance, accrding t China Daily.
Fur ski cmpetitins have been held annually by the lcal gvernment. Many lcals wuld display their maneuvers (高超的移动) at the cmpetitins.
12. Which f the fllwing is evidence that Altay is ne f the birthplaces f skiing?
A. Altay peple wre skis t hunt animals.
B. The mdern skis are very similar t fur skis.
C. Lcal peple have used fur skis fr a lng time.
D. Humans n skis were depicted in cave drawings.
13. What have fur skis been used fr in Altay since ancient times?
A. Hunting.B. Transprtatin.C. Cmpetitin.D. Entertainment.
14. Hw des hrse skin benefit skiers?
A. It helps them better cntrl directins.B. It makes them slide mre cmfrtably.
C. It helps them slide dwn smthly.D. It helps them keep steady while sliding.
15. What des the article mainly talk abut?
A. The rigins f skiing in Altay.B. The ancient rck art fund in Altay.
C. The develpment f skiing in China.D. The current ppularity f skiing in Altay.
第二部分 七选五
The China State Cuncil issued a dcument in early August, suggesting emplyers acrss the cuntry make flexible wrking arrangements and give their wrkers Friday afternns ff during ht summer days in rder t bst turism and cnsumptin.
Online surveys have shwn that mst crrespndents are in favr f the State Cuncil’s prpsal fr lnger weekends, as tw and a half days are enugh even fr ne t plan a shrt jurney. Peple will have mre time t be tgether with their families. ____16____
Hwever, there are dubts as t whether this well-intentined initiative can be put int practice. ____17____ While the regular tw-day weekend is still a dream fr a large number f wrking peple in varius industries, a tw-and-half-day weekend is really a luxury many peple can barely affrd.
____18____ If staff wrkers f gvernment departments and public institutins n lnger wrk n Friday afternns, lcal residents will have nwhere t g if they have urgent issues t slve thrugh these establishments.
Obviusly, the nly way ut is t implement plicies cncerning paid annual leave in a realistic manner s that the wrking peple can make arrangements fr their days ff wrk. As a result, hlidaymakers dn’t need t all rush t the same scenic spts during the same perid f time, which wuld be beneficial t the prtectin and peratin f these spts. ____19____ Thus it serves the initial purpse f bsting ecnmic grwth thrugh develping turism.
____20____ The gvernment is suppsed t pay mre attentin t the prtectin f labr rights and emply all pssible means t ensure their hlidays as well as the functins f gvernment institutins, instead f just making ecnmically mtivated plicies.
A. Als, this is an effective way t increase cnsumer spending.
B. The right f wrkers t rest and paid annual leave are prtected under the law.
C. A larger number f wrkers, if nt all, will benefit frm fficial hliday arrangements.
D. Mst peple think that they will actually nt be able t enjy the benefits f such a scheme.
E. After rest and relaxatin, emplyees will becme mre energetic when they cme back t wrk.
F. Anther wrry is that this measure will finally be exclusively (专有地) enjyed by a limited number f emplyees.
G. As lng as paid annual leave remains unrealistic in mst industrial sectrs, the tw-and-half-day weekend seems pintless.
第三部分 完形填空
A 29-year-ld man wh recently graduated frm medical schl fund a special way t shw respect and gratitude fr his parents while lking back at hw far they’ve cme.
Erick Juarez graduated frm the Medical Cllege f Gergia at Augusta University in May after ___21___ his MD (Dctr f Medicine). T celebrate the accmplishment, the resident physician went t the ___22___ where his parents, Lret and Maricela Juarez, have wrked since the 1980s. Erick ___23___ the ccasin by taking graduatin phts with his parents, including ne in the field with his mm ___24___ was shared n his pst.
It has nw becme a ___25___ fr Erick, wh returns t the farm each time he gets a new degree t hnr the ___26___ that his parents have made fr him and his fur siblings. “I wanted t hnr my parents ___27___ shwcasing them t my friends and the wrld. My parents arrived here with nthing t ___28___ but everything t gain,”Erick said.
Frm a yung age, he knew he wanted t be a dctr, s he made every ___29___ t achieve that gal. First, Erick became a student f Bainbridge High Schl. He went n t ___30___ attend an academy befre earning a Bacbelr at Harvard University — making him the first ne frm his hmetwn t graduate frm the famus schl. This spring, Erick cntinued his string f ___31___ by btaining his medical degree at the Medical Cllege f Gcrgia at Augusta University.
Fllwing his graduatin, he ___32___ his jurney n a pst, calling his accmplishment a “victry lap”. “My graduatin frm medical schl was ne small step fr me, ne ___33___ leap fr my family. It’s as much, if nt mre, a victry lap fr them ___34___ it is fr me. And I culdn’t be pruder f them,” he cntinued. “I am the first in my entire family ___35___ t earn a white-cllar jb. And I get t help flks feel better — this is the best part!”
21. A. awardingB. reachingC. earningD. shifting
22. A. farmB. schlC. hspitalD. church
23. A. rememberedB. frgtC. recalledD. marked
24. A. whmB. whC. thatD. what
25. A. gestureB. traditinC. preferenceD. belief
26. A. sacrificeB. preparatinC. arrangementD. allwance
27. A. inB. betweenC. withD. by
28. A. eatB. lseC. useD. d
29. A. effrtB. certaintyC. senseD. decisin
30. A. deliberatelyB. apparentlyC. brieflyD. satisfactrily
31. A. accmplishmentsB. implementsC. replacementsD. agreements
32. A. cncentrated nB. decided nC. went nD. reflected n
33. A. mderateB. smallC. giantD. mild
34. A. sinceB. tillC. sD. as
35. A. reputatinB. histryC. backgrundD. cnnectin
第四部分 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词括号内单词的正确形式。
The first dmestic chickens we have fund lived n earlier than 3,670 years ag, suggesting they have a far shrter histry than we thught. These birds dn’t seem t have been raised fr their meat, ____36____ (make) it unclear what drve dmesticatin. The chickens alive tday descend frm a wild bird native t Suth-East Asia ____37____ (call) the red jungle fwl, but exactly ____38____ dmesticatin ccurred was unclear. Sme researchers have estimated that the first dmestic chicken lived mre than 6000 years ag, while thers claim ____39____ (find) chicken bnes at 10,000-year-ld sites. ____40____ analysis by Ophelie Lebrasseur at the Centre fr Anthrpbilgy and Genmics f Tuluse in France and her team cncludes that the ____41____ (early) clear evidence f dmestic chickens appeared between 1,650 BC and 1,250 BC at a site called Ban Nn Wat in central Thailand. Nt nly ____42____ (be) chicken bnes superabundant at the site, but there are signs that peple were buried with the birds, ____43____ Lebrasseur says makes a dmestic relatinship clear. Lebrasseur and her team suspect chicken dmesticatin might have been triggered by the ____44____ (appear) f cereal fanning in Suth-East Asia. “This created a mre pen, less tree-cvered envirnment, which is actually an envirnment where red jungle fwl thrive,” she says, “And they culd have fed ____45____ the waste frm human scieties.”
第五部分 书面表达
46. 假定你是新华中学李华，你的外籍朋友Michael来信表示对中国文化很感兴趣，正巧这学期你校要开设“话说中国节(Festive China)”的线上课程，请你回信向他推荐此课程。内容包括：
1.开设时间；2.课程内容；3.报名方式。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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第六部分 读后续写
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语编写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was a single mther in my 30s wh lived dwn and ut with my daughter Peggy in a small apartment, struggling hard t make ur needs meet.
One day, I headed t the dwntwn fr an interview. I sat dwn in the streetcar, and there against the seat was a beautiful silk umbrella with a silver handle decrated with gld scrlls, amng which there was a name carved.
On impulse(冲动) I determined t find the wner myself. I gt ff the streetcar in the heavy rain and thankfully pened the umbrella t prtect myself. Then I searched a telephne bk fr the name, I fund it immediately and called it, waiting patiently, and then a lady answered.
“Yes,” she said in surprise, with extreme excitement. “It was my umbrella which had been stlen a year ag.”
S appealing was her pleasure that I frgt I was lking fr a jb and went directly t her small huse. She tk the umbrella, with teary eyes, explaining with chking vice that the umbrella was given by her parents, nw dead, Her happiness at retrieving(找回)this special pssessin was such that t have accepted her reward wuld have spiled smething, s I refused her ffer and left.
The fllwing mnths were hard. I can nly btain temprary emplyment, fr a small salary. What was wrse, I had just lst my last jb befre Christmas, with nly fifteen dllars left. Unless a miracle happened, I wuld be hmeless in January, fdless and jbless. I had prayed steadily fr weeks, and there had been n answer but this cldness and darkness.
The air was full f Christmas merriment, with the bells ringing and children shuting in the bitter dusk f the evening. But there shuld be n Christmas fr me, I knew, n gifts, n remembrance whatsever.
Thinking f this, I culdn’t cntrl my tears n my way hme, but I managed a smile s culd greet my little daughter. She pened the dr fr me and threw herself in my arms, screaming jyusly and demanding desirably fr her Christmas gift. There I std, frzen, verwhelmed by misery.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
Suddenly, the drbell rang and Peggy rushed t answer it, calling that it must be Santa Claus.
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Suddenly, a nte attached t ne package caught my eyes.
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【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲述了四种读书软件的用途和好处。
1. 推理判断题。根据文章FReader部分的“Apart frm being a reading app, FReader has an integrated translatr fr five languages(English, Russian, German, French, and Ukrainian), making the app attractive t peple acrss the wrld.(FReader除了是一款阅读应用外，还集成了五种语言（英语、俄语、德语、法语和乌克兰语）的翻译器，使该应用程序对世界各地的人们都具有吸引力。)”可知FReader对国际读者很有吸引力，因为它有一个强大的集成翻译器。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据文章AIReader部分的“This app has enhanced graphical(图解的) features and a wide range f custmizatin ptins that fcus n prviding the best quality fr fictinal bk reading.(此应用程序具有增强的图形功能和广泛的自定义选项，专注于为虚构书籍阅读提供最佳质量。)”可推知使用AIReader，我们可以欣赏出色的图形。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章Nk部分的“Business mdel: Free app. With the partnership with Banes & Nble, yu can find ver a millin free bks n their website r purchase new titles fr the price f as lw as s0.99.(商业模式：免费应用程序。通过与Barnes & Nble的合作，您可以在他们的网站上找到超过一百万本免费书籍或以低至0.99美元的价格购买新书。)”可知您可以在Nk上免费阅读Barnes & Nble的书籍。故选C。
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是星空漫步结合了徒步旅行和观星的活动，对于观星者的身心健康都有好处，并告诉我们要做一名观星者的必要装备。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Phtgrapher Rebecca Duglas has always been crazy abut the night sky. Her lve f the stars has taken the UK resident n “star walking” trips t Iceland and int the Arctic. Fr nature lvers like Duglas star walking turns ut t be a gd way t enjy life.(摄影师丽贝卡·道格拉斯一直都很迷恋夜空。她对星星的爱让这位英国居民开始了去冰岛和北极的“星空漫步”之旅。对于像道格拉斯这样的自然爱好者来说，星空漫步是享受生活的一种好方式。)”可知，道格拉斯去冰岛是为了欣赏那里的夜空。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Star walking ges a step further by mixing hiking with stargazing.(星际漫步则更进一步，它将徒步旅行与观星相结合。)”可知，星空漫步是徒步旅行和观星的结合。故选A。
3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段的“Walking at night has the added benefit f imprving sleep, which is imprtant fr verall health(夜间散步还有改善睡眠的额外好处，这对整体健康很重要)”以及划线句上文“Parker says that star walking wrks n tw physilgical prcesses that determine sleep quality. (帕克说，星空漫步涉及到决定睡眠质量的两个生理过程。)”可知，Parker认为星空漫步有利于睡眠，因此推断划线词所在的句子表示“运动和锻炼，比如放松地在户外观星散步，可能有助于睡眠”，划线词facilitate的意思是“改善，提升”，和Prmte意思相近，故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第五段的“Lintern advises reading up n the night sky befre setting ut. Free mbile apps, such as Star Walk 2, can help identify celestial bdies and are easy t use—simply pint yur phnes at the sky t get a map.(Lintern建议在出发前仔细了解夜空。免费的手机应用程序，比如Star Walk 2，可以帮助识别天体，而且很容易使用——只要把你的手机指向天空就可以得到一张地图。)”可知，第五段主要讲的是关于进行星空漫步的适当建议。故选C。
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是随着语言的发展，标点符号的作用并不仅限于它们原来的用途，当把积极的词汇和严肃的标点符号连用时，会造成消极对抗。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“But in text-messaging — at least fr yunger adult — perids d mre than just end a sentence(但在短信中——至少对年轻人来说——句号不仅仅是一个句子的结尾)”可知，文章的开头是凯瑟琳和她儿子的冲突是为了引出在短信中使用句号这个话题，故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“They fund cnsistently thrugh many experiments that “Yes” with a perid resulted in respnses that were mre negative. S peple thught “Yes” with a perid was less friendly, less sincere, and s n.(他们通过许多实验一致发现，带句号的“是”会导致更消极的回应。所以人们认为带句号的“是”不那么友好，不那么真诚，等等。)”可知，文章提到Juan Abenante Rincn是为了证实最近的研究发现。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Language evlutin has happened; it’ll cntinue t happen, and isn’t it great that we’re s linguistically flexible and creative?(语言已经发生了进化；这种情况还会继续发生，我们在语言上如此灵活和富有创造力，这不是很棒吗？)”可知，Celia Klin对句号含义的变化持赞成的态度，故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“Language evlutin has happened; it’ll cntinue t happen, and isn’t it great that we’re s linguistically flexible and creative?(语言已经发生了进化；这种情况还会继续发生，我们在语言上如此灵活和富有创造力，这不是很棒吗？)”可知，本文主要介绍了语言的发展的灵活性，因此最好的题目是C选项“Language Evlutin: Be Flexible(语言进化：要灵活)”，故选C。
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是滑雪起源于阿勒泰，说明了相关的研究发现。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In 2005, cave paintings f Altay peple hunting n skis with ples were discvered, which archaelgists estimated culd be mre than 10,000 years ld. Since then, Altay has been recgnized by many as ne f the birthplaces f skiing, accrding t Xinhua.(2005年，人们在洞穴中发现了阿勒泰人用滑雪杖狩猎的壁画，考古学家估计这些壁画可能有1万多年的历史。据新华社报道，从那时起，阿勒泰就被许多人认为是滑雪运动的发源地之一。)”可知，能证明阿勒泰是滑雪的发源地之一的是在洞穴壁画中描绘了滑雪的人类。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“Unlike the mdern skis we use nwadays, fur skis have been used as a means f transprtatin fr the snwfield inhabitants f Altay fr mre than 100 centuries, accrding t rck carvings uncvered in the area.(根据阿尔泰地区出土的岩雕，与我们现在使用的现代滑雪板不同，毛皮滑雪板作为阿尔泰雪地居民的交通工具已经有100多个世纪的历史了。)”可知，自古以来，阿勒泰人用毛皮滑雪板做交通工具。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The fur n the hrse skin can help decrease frictin (摩擦力) when they slide dwn the hill(马皮上的皮毛可以减少他们滑下山时的摩擦力)”可知，马皮对滑雪者的好处是帮助它们顺利地滑下来。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“The Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics saw many excellent athletes cmpete n the ice and snw, prmpting an enthusiasm fr winter sprts in China. In fact, the cuntry has had a deep relatinship with winter sprts since ancient times, with skiing riginating in the Altay prefecture f Xinjiang Uygur autnmus regin.(在北京冬奥会和残奥会上，众多优秀运动员在冰雪赛场上展开角逐，激发了中国民众对冬季运动的热情。事实上，我国自古以来就与冬季运动有着深厚的渊源，滑雪运动起源于新疆维吾尔自治区的阿勒泰地区。)”可知，本文主要讲述了滑雪起源于阿勒泰。故选A。
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. F 19. A 20. G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。国务院办公厅鼓励依法优化调整夏季作息安排，为职工周五下午与周末结合外出休闲度假创造有利条件。在稳定全国统一的既有节假日前提下，各单位和企业可根据自身实际情况，将带薪休假与本地传统节日、地方特色活动相结合，安排错峰休假。
1. 根据空前“Peple will have mre time t be tgether with their families.”（人们将有更多的时间和家人在一起）可知，享受更长的周末，员工可以和家人在一起休息，再回到岗位能够更有活力。故E项“After rest and relaxatin, emplyees will becme mre energetic when they cme back t wrk.”（经过休息和放松，当员工回到工作岗位时，他们会变得更有活力）符合语境。故选E。
2. 根据空前“Hwever, there are dubts as t whether this well-intentined initiative can be put int practice.”（然而，有人怀疑这一善意的倡议是否能付诸实践）可知，人们对此项政策能够实施产生疑虑，担心无法受益。故D项“Mst peple think that they will actually nt be able t enjy the benefits f such a scheme.”（大多数人认为他们实际上无法享受到这样一个计划带来的好处）符合语境，呼应dubts。故选D。
3. 根据空后“ If staff wrkers f gvernment departments and public institutins n lnger wrk n Friday afternns, lcal residents will have nwhere t g if they have urgent issues t slve thrugh these establishments.”（如果政府部门和事业单位的工作人员在周五下午不上班，当地居民如果有紧急问题需要通过这些机构解决，就无处可去了）可知，另外一个担心是政府机关周五下午放假导致紧急公共服务缺失。F项“Anther wrry is that this measure will finally be exclusively (专有地) enjyed by a limited number f emplyees.”（另一个担忧是，这一措施最终将只适用于有限数量的员工）符合语境。故选F。
4. 根据空前“Obviusly, the nly way ut is t implement plicies cncerning paid annual leave in a realistic manner s that the wrking peple can make arrangements fr their days ff wrk. As a result, hlidaymakers dn’t need t all rush t the same scenic spts during the same perid f time, which wuld be beneficial t the prtectin and peratin f these spts.”（显然，唯一的出路是切实执行带薪年假政策，让劳动人民可以安排他们的休息日。这样一来，度假者就不需要在同一时间段都赶往同一景点，这将有利于这些景点的保护和运营）可知，建议改进以保障政策实施到位，由此推知，下面要进一步指出这样做的优点。A项“Als, this is an effective way t increase cnsumer spending.”（此外，这也是增加消费支出的有效方式）符合语境。故选A。
5. 根据空后“The gvernment is suppsed t pay mre attentin t the prtectin f labr rights and emply all pssible means t ensure their hlidays as well as the functins f gvernment institutins, instead f just making ecnmically mtivated plicies.”（政府应该更加关注劳工权利的保护，采取一切可能的手段来确保他们的假期以及政府机构的功能，而不是仅仅制定经济驱动的政策）可知，总结使带薪年休实施到位的重要性。除非政府保护否则两天半的周末没有意义。G项“As lng as paid annual leave remains unrealistic in mst industrial sectrs, the tw-and-half-day weekend seems pintless.”（只要带薪年假在大多数工业部门仍然不现实，两天半的周末似乎就没有意义）符合语境。故选G。
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Erick Juarez在获得医学博士学位后，和父母在田野里拍照来庆祝，并在网上发帖，以此向自己的父母表示敬意，文章也描述了他努力获得学位的过程。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Erick Juarez在获得医学博士学位后，于今年5月从乔治亚州奥古斯塔大学医学院毕业。A. awarding授予，颁发；B. reaching到达；C. earning获得；D. shifting转变。由前文“Erick Juarez graduated frm the Medical Cllege f Gergia at Augusta University”和后文“his MD (Dctr f Medicine)”可知，获得了医学博士学位后Erick Juarez从大学毕业，故选C。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了庆祝这一成就，这位住院实习医生来到了他的父母洛雷托和Lret Juarez自上世纪80年代以来一直工作的农场。A. farm农场；B. schl学校；C. hspital医院；D. church教堂。由后文“including ne in the field with his mm”可知，他父母是在农场工作，故选A。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了纪念这一天，埃里克和父母一起拍了毕业照，其中一张照片被分享在了他的帖子上，照片是他和妈妈在田野里拍的。A. remembered记得；B. frgt忘记；C. recalled回想起；D. marked纪念，庆贺。由后文“the ccasin by taking graduatin phts with his parents”可知，他是为了纪念他毕业的那一天与父母拍了照片，故选D。
4. 考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念这一天，埃里克和父母一起拍了毕业照，其中一张照片被分享在了他的帖子上，照片是他和妈妈在田野里拍的。A. whm谁；B. wh谁；C. that那个；D. what什么。“was shared n his pst”是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词ne指的是“照片”，是物，因此空格处用关系代词that，故选C。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，这已经成为埃里克的一个传统，他每次拿到新学位都会回到农场，以纪念父母为他和他的四个兄弟姐妹所做的牺牲。A. gesture姿势；B. traditin传统；C. preference偏爱；D. belief信念。由后文“returns t the farm each time he gets a new degree”可知，他每次拿到新学位都会回到农场，这成了他的传统，故选B。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，这已经成为埃里克的一个惯例，他每次拿到新学位都会回到农场，以纪念父母为他和他的四个兄弟姐妹所做的牺牲。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. preparatin准备；C. arrangement安排；D. allwance津贴。由后文“his parents have made fr him and his fur siblings”可知，他的父母应该是为他和他的四个兄弟姐妹做出牺牲。故选A。
7. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：我想通过向我的朋友和全世界展示我的父母来向我的父母表示敬意。A. in在……里面；B. between在……之间；C. with和；D. by通过。由上文“I wanted t hnr my parents”和后文“shwcasing them t my friends and the wrld”可知，此处表示“我想通过向我的朋友和全世界展示我的父母来向我的父母表示敬意”，空格处意为“通过”，故选D。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母来到这里时一无所有，却得到了一切。A. eat吃；B. lse失去；C. use用；D. d做。由后文“but everything t gain”可知，句子表示“我的父母来到这里时一无所有，却得到了一切”，也就是没有任何东西可以失去，空格处用lse，和后文的gain形成对比，故选B。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从很小的时候，他就知道他想成为一名医生，所以他尽了一切努力来实现这个目标。A. effrt努力；B. certainty肯定；C. sense感觉；D. decisin决定。由前文“Frm a yung age, he knew he wanted t be a dctr”和下文的s可推断，前后文是因果关系，他很小就梦想成为一名医生，因此他尽一切努力来实现这个目标。故选A。
10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在获得哈佛大学学士学位之前，他曾短暂地上过一所学院——这使他成为他家乡第一个从这所著名的学校毕业的人。A. deliberately故意地；B. apparently显然；C. briefly短暂地；D. satisfactrily令人满意地。由后文“befre earning a Bacbelr at Harvard University”可知，在获得哈佛大学学士学位之前，他曾短暂地上过一所学院，故选C。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年春天，埃里克继续他的一系列成就，获得了他在奥古斯塔大学Gcrgia医学院的医学学位。A. accmplishments成就；B. implements实施；C. replacements取代（或代替）的人（或物）；D. agreements同意。由后文“by btaining his medical degree at the Medical Cllege f Gcrgia at Augusta University.”可知，埃里克继续他的一系列成就，获得了他在奥古斯塔大学Gcrgia医学院的医学学位。故选A。
12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：毕业后，他在帖子上反思自己的历程，将自己的成就称为“绕场一圈庆祝胜利”。A. cncentrated n集中于；B. decided n决定；C. went n开始；D. reflected n反思。由后文“calling his accmplishment a ‘victry lap’”以及下文可知，这是他在反思自己所发的帖子，故选D。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从医学院毕业对我来说是一小步，对我的家庭来说是一大步。A. mderate谦虚的；B. small小的；C. giant巨大的；D. mild温和的。由上文“My graduatin frm medical schl was ne small step fr me”可知，句子表示“我从医学院毕业对我来说是一小步，对我的家庭来说是一大步”，空格处是“巨大的”，故选C。
14. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：对他们和对我，如果不是更多，也是一样，是应该绕场一周来庆祝的胜利，A. since自从；B. till直到；C. s所以；D. as和……一样。由上文“if nt mre”可知，对作者的父母来说，这是应该绕场一周来庆祝的胜利，对作者来说也是，as much as意为“和……一样多”，故选D。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是我们家族历史上第一个做白领的人。A. reputatin名声；B. histry历史；C. backgrund背景；D. cnnectin连接。由上文“And I culdn’t be pruder f them”和后文“t earn a white-cllar jb”可知，我是家人最大的骄傲，因此推断此处表示“我是我们家族历史上第一个做白领的人”，故选B。
【答案】36. making 37. called 38. when 39. t have fund 40. An 41. earliest 42. are 43. which 44. appearance 45. n
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了家养鸡的历史。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些鸟似乎不是为了吃肉而饲养的，不清楚是什么驱动了驯化。分析可知，空处及之后的内容在句中为结果状语，所以此处用现在分词。故填making。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今天活着的这些鸡是一种原产于东南亚的野生鸟类——红色丛林鸡的后代，但是确切的驯化时间还不清楚。分析可知，句中已有谓语动词descend，此处为过去分词作后置定语修饰名词a wild bird，意为“被叫做red jungle fwl的野鸟”，故填called。
3. 考查连词。句意同上。空处引导主语从句，从句成分完整，此处指究竟什么时候开始驯养鸡的还不明确，连接副词when“什么时候”，符合题意，故填when。
4. 考查非谓语。句意：一些研究人员估计，第一只家鸡生活在6000多年前，而其他人声称发现鸡骨头在10,000年前的遗址。claim t d sth.“声称做某事”，是固定短语，且“发现”发生在“声称”之前，应用不定式的完成式，故填t have fund。
5. 考查冠词。句意：法国图卢兹人类生物学和基因组学中心的奥菲利·勒布拉瑟和她的研究小组的一项分析得出结论，最早明确的家鸡证据出现在公元前1650年至公元前1250年之间的泰国中部一个叫 Ban Nn Wat的地方。analysis“研究”为可数名词，结合句中“analysis by Ophelie at the Centre fr Anthrpbilgy and Genmics f Tuluse in France and her team ”可知，此处指法国图卢兹人类生物学和基因组学中心的奥菲利·勒布拉瑟和她的研究小组的一项分析，所以表示泛指，因analysis的首个音素为元音音素，所以用不定冠词an，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填An。
6. 考查形容词最高级。句意同上。定冠词the用在形容词的最高级前面，此处指最早的证据出现在1,650 BC and 1,250 BC之间，故填earliest。
7. 考查主谓一致。句意：现场不仅有大量的鸡骨头，而且有迹象表明人们和这些鸟一起被埋葬，勒布拉塞尔说，这清楚地表明了家庭关系。主语为chicken bnes，且陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；故填are。
8. 考查定语从句。句意同上。分析可知，空处及其后内容为非限制定语从句，空处指代前面整句话，从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词which，故填which。
9. 考查名词。句意：勒布拉瑟和她的团队怀疑，东南亚谷物种植的出现可能引发了鸡的驯化。结合空前定冠词可知，此处要用名词。故填appearance。
10. 考查介词。句意：它们可以以人类社会的垃圾为食。固定短语：feed n以……为食。故填n。
【答案】One pssible versin:
Dear Michael,
An nline curse entitled “Festive China” will be set up by ur schl. Knwing yu are an enthusiast f Chinese culture, I’m writing t recmmend it t yu.
The curse is arranged n every Friday evening frm September 1, cnsisting f 12 tw-hur sessins, each f which intrduces different Chinese festivals. Yu may learn rigins, backgrunds and custms f them. If yu desire t participate in it, yu can visit ur schl website and enrll yurself befre next Friday.
I’m sure the curse appeals t yu. Dn’t miss the chance!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给对中国文化很感兴趣的外籍朋友Michael回信，向其推荐学校要开设的“话说中国节(Festive China)”这一线上课程，介绍课程内容、开设时间及报名方式。
1.词汇积累
定名为：entitle→name
设立，安排：set up→arrange
参与：participate in→jin in
登记，报名参加：enrll→ sign up
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：An nline curse entitled “Festive China” will be set up by ur schl.
拓展句：An nline curse, which is entitled “Festive China” will be set up by ur schl.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Knwing yu are an enthusiast f Chinese culture, I’m writing t recmmend it t yu.（运用了现在分词作原因状语）
[高分句型2] The curse is arranged n every Friday evening frm September 1, cnsisting f 12 tw-hur sessins, each f which intrduces different Chinese festivals. （运用了“代词+f+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句）
【答案】Suddenly, the drbell rang and Peggy rushed t answer it, calling that it must be Santa Claus. Then I heard man talking heartily t her and went t the dr, He was a delivery man, and his arms were full f parcels. “This is a mistake,” I said, but he read the name n the parcels and they were fr me. When he had gne, I didn't knw what t d. Later, Peggy and I sat n the flr lking at each ther. What a surprise! I lked fr the name f the sender.
Suddenly, a nte attached t ne package caught my eyes. I picked up the nte, which read “Thanks fr returning f the umbrella. Merry Christmas!” It was sent by the lady. Hlding the nte tightly, I was n the verge f tears, with a stream f warmth spreading thrugh my bdy. On that cld Christmas, I frgt I had n mney fr the rent and nly fifteen dllars in my pcket. We just sat in ur small apartment unwrapping the gifts ne by ne in happiness. A sweet peace flded me like a blessing which made me hpeful again.
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个30多岁的单身母亲，在去面试路上的电车里捡到一把伞，并根据伞上信息，找到伞的而主人，将伞物归原主并且拒绝了酬谢。接下来，这位母亲在穷困潦倒的生活中迎来了圣诞节，却苦于没有钱付房租以及买食物、送礼物给女儿的故事。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，门铃响了，佩吉急忙去开门，说一定是圣诞老人。”可知，第一段可先描写门打开后，这位母亲看到的确有送包裹之人后的疑惑以及她和女儿确定包裹是给她们时的惊喜。
②由第二段首句内容“突然，贴在一个包裹上的一张纸条吸引了我的目光”可知，第二段可描写这位母亲发现这个包裹的寄送人是其之前所归还伞的主人，以及这个人的此番举动为这对母女在寒冷的圣诞节带来的温暖和希望。
2.续写线索：收到包裹——感到困惑和惊喜——发现纸条——感到温暖和希望
3.词汇激活
动作类
①收到礼物：heard man talking heartily t her/went t the dr
②读便条：pick up the nte/read
情绪类
①.热情：heartily/ kindly
②.幸福：satisfactin/ cntentment/ happiness/ fulfillment/ happiness
【点睛】
[高分句型]. Suddenly, the drbell rang and Peggy rushed t answer it, calling that it must be Santa Claus.（由连接词that引导的宾语从句作非谓语动词calling的宾语）
[高分句型2]. A sweet peace flded me like a blessing which made me hpeful again.（由关系代词which引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型3]. Later, Peggy and I sat n the flr lking at each ther.（非谓语之现在分词的熟练运用）