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江苏省扬州市宝应县2022-2023学年高三上学期期初检测英语试卷含解析
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这是一份江苏省扬州市宝应县2022-2023学年高三上学期期初检测英语试卷含解析，共28页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， B， What is Linda?等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022—2023学年度高三上学期期初检测卷
英语
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man think of his new job?
A. Boring. B. Satisfying. C. Poorly-paid.
2. Why does the woman talk to the man?
A. To buy a ticket. B. To change a ticket. C. To return a ticket.
3. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a wine shop. B. In a restaurant. C. At the man’s home.
4. What exercise does the man do the least?
A. Boxing. B. Jogging. C. Weightlifting.
5. What’s the man’s native language?
A. French. B. Japanese. C. English.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What kind of room did the man reserve?
A. A single room. B. A business suite. C. A conference room.
7. How much should the man pay in total?
A. $150. B. $300. C. $450.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. What is Linda?
A. A shopkeeper. B. A singer. C. A nurse.
9. At what time does Linda usually go to bed?
A. About 7:00 am. B. About 8:30 am. C. About 11:00 pm.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What’s the woman’s plan for Saturday afternoon?
A. Watching a game.
B. Enjoying a concert.
C. Doing the housework.
11. Whom will Brian see on Sunday?
A. His doctor. B. His friend. C. His mother.
12. What will the woman do on Sunday?
A. Work in a garden.
B. Go to the man’s home.
C. Read a book at home.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. Why does the man call the woman?
A. To send a fax.
B. To tell some changes.
C. To confirm a meeting.
14. Where is Ron?
A. In his office.
B. In the meeting room.
C. In the sales department.
15. How many copies does the woman have to make in all?
A. 60. B. 55. C. 50.
16. How will the speakers get to the Wilton?
A. By taxi. B. On foot. C. By bus.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. When does the Running of the Bulls take place?
A. In June. B. In July. C. In August.
18. What does the speaker imply about the festival?
A. Things might be expensive.
B. There’re no 5-star hotels nearby.
C. It is held in the narrow streets.
19. What did the museum use to be?
A. A market. B. A church. C. A hospital.
20. Who is the speaker giving this talk to?
A. Tourists. B. Travel agents. C. History students.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Special breaks: four UK’s creative places
Chair-making, Leicestershire
Spend a week in the National Forest woodlands learning to make your own chair. People having different levels of experience are welcomed. Beginners can make a single Windsor chair, while the more advanced learners can design their own chairs or try a child’s chair.
Price: £ 650 per person(including accommodation)
Dates: 21-27 Jun., 31 Jul.-6 Aug., 23-29 Aug., 4-10 Oct.
Drawing, North Yorkshire
Learn how to create beautiful pen and ink drawings on this four-day art holiday in the North York Moors. Aimed at beginners, it teaches a range of styles and techniques to build confidence and improve various drawing skills. The course is mainly based at Larpool Hall, a Georgian house with views over the Esk Valley.
Price: £ 405 per person(including accommodation and meals)
Dates: 25-28 Sept.
Celtic woodturning(木工车床加工), County Armagh
Guests stay at Bluebell Lane Glamping at the foot of Slieve Gullion in the Ring of Gullion area of outstanding natural beauty, near Newry. The three-night break includes a full-day beginners’ woodturning workshop, where participants make their own bowl from locally sourced wood, learning how to use a lathe(车床), sharpen tools, sand and finish. There is also a break for a guided walk through the 11-hectare woodland surrounding the site.
Price: £ 238(including meals)
Dates: 21-23 Aug.
Wildlife photography, Dorset
Red squirrels are now very rare in England, but Brownsea Island has a large population of red squirrels. On this two-night trip, guests will explore the island and learn how to photograph the creatures in the woodlands. Led by Emma Healey and Sean Weekly, the course is an opportunity to take advantage of the best light of the day to take wildlife photographs.
Price: £ 475 per person(including accommodation, meals and student fees)
Dates: 14 -15 Sept.
1. Which place will you choose if you want to enjoy a four-day vacation?
A. Dorset. B. Leicestershire. C. County Armagh. D. North Yorkshire.
2. What should you avoid doing if you don’t want to pay extra for meals?
A. Drawing. B. Taking wildlife photos.
C. Experiencing chair making. D. Learning Celtic woodturning.
3. What do the four activities mentioned above have in common?
A. They are all aimed at beginners.
B. They are all based at woodlands.
C. They all have professional leaders.
D. They all help improve people’s practical skills.
B
I’ve always enjoyed the idea of travelling and volunteering for a few months in southern Europe and living close to the sea, surrounded by nature, staying with the locals and exploring their culture. So when I had a chance to make this daydream a reality, I decided to apply for my first experience on a farm in Portugal.
The farm is located a few kilometers away from Lagos, in a remote location in the hills. It was designed around the idea of connecting nature and technology in a green way and with a self-sustainable approach. My host, Lucio, is really passionate about the do-it-yourself initiative or maker culture. He built and decorated his house using natural materials. He changed the shipping container into an electronic lab.
When my host learned that I majored in electronics at college, he was very trusting and encouraged me to work on one of the most important issues on the farm — the water well’s pump operation. Since the well was the only water source for the entire farm, it turned out to be a tough task for me. I wasn’t even sure if I could do it in the beginning, but with my host’s encouragement, I gradually made progress and was able to build a working prototype(原型).
Lucio was very excited when we connected the DIY prototype I built to the pump control panel successfully. I still remember the moment when Lucio shook my hand with a big smile and thanked me for solving one of the farm’s most difficult problems. With his trust, I got to work on more complex projects afterwards too!
Before this volunteer experience, I never thought my help would be so appreciated. I realized that I could make a very positive impact on people’s lives by sharing knowledge to build something useful.
4. What is the highlight of the farm?
A. It is high-tech. B. It is man-made.
C. It is environment-friendly. D. It covers the largest area.
5. Why was the author asked to work on the water well’s pump operation?
A. He was enthusiastic about it. B. He had a wealth of experience.
C. He had the ability to finish the work. D. He acquired relevant academic knowledge.
6. What did the author think of his volunteer work?
A. Boring. B. Necessary. C. Meaningful. D. Demanding.
7. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To share an interesting experience. B. To call on more people to volunteer.
C. To recommend a travel destination. D. To remember an impressive friend.
C
Though diet and exercise are recommended as ways to improve health, new UC Riverside research in mice is the first to examine the long-lasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life.
“Any time you go to a doctor with concerns about your weight, almost without fail, the doctor recommends that you exercise and eat less,” said researcher Marcell Cadney. “That’s why it’s surprising that most studies only look at diet or exercise separately. In this study, we wanted to include both,” he said.
The researchers found that early-life exercise led to reduced anxious behaviors and an increase in adult muscle and brain mass. When fed Western-style diets high in fat and sugar, the mice not only became fatter, but also grew into adults that preferred unhealthy food.
To obtain the findings, the researchers divided the young mice into four groups — those with access to exercise, those without access, those fed a standard, healthy diet and those who ate a Western diet. Mice started their diets immediately after weaning(断奶), and continued with them for three weeks until they reached adulthood. After an additional eight weeks of “washout”, during which all mice were housed without wheels and on a healthy diet, the researchers did a behavioral analysis and measured levels of several different hormones(激素).
One of those they measured, leptin, is produced by fat cells. It helps control body weight by increasing energy consumption and signaling that less food is required. Early-life exercise increased adult leptin levels in adult mice, regardless of the diet they ate. Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the microbiome(微生物群) for life, even if they later eat more healthily. Going forward, the team plans to study whether fat or sugar is more responsible for the negative effects they measured in Western-diet-fed mice.
This study offers great opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. “Our findings may be related to understanding the potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with overweight,” said Marcell.
8. What is special about the new UCR research?
A. It finds the relation between health and diet.
B. It is the first to study the effect of exercise.
C. It takes both exercise and diet into account.
D. It gives equal importance to physical and mental health.
9. What may early-life exercise contribute to?
A. Stronger bones. B. A peaceful mind.
C. A desire for healthy food. D. The various microbiome for life.
10. What does the underlined word “leptin” in the last but one paragraph refer to?
A. A diet. B. A mouse. C. A behavior. D. A hormone.
11. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. Early-life health habits matter.
B. It’s never too late to make a change.
C. A healthy body leads to a healthy mind.
D. Dietary habits make a difference to children’s behavior
D
A new unnamed species of crocodile(鳄鱼) indigenous to Australia has been found in the middle of the outback. The species of crocodile presently on extinction, belonging to the Baru crocodile, is new to experts despite the fact that the animal wandered around the Australian continent 25 million years ago.
Adam Yates, senior leader of earth sciences, said that Australia’s suitable instance of the crocodile’s bone was discovered in 2009 at the site of Alcoota Fossil which is eight million years old and is 200 kilometers north-east of Alice Springs, Australia. Dr. Yates revealed that other specimens(样本) had been discovered before. He said, “This specific specimen is one of the last of its kind. It is the nicest and the bone of the Baru crocodile is the most complete among all that have ever been discovered so far.” Thanks to the bone’s condition, Dr. Yates said that it would turn into the name-bearing specimen or what he referred to as “the holotype(正模标本)” of the new species.
Dr. Yates revealed that the modern Australian crocodile is known for being ancient and fixed, but that is not really true. “The current Australian crocodiles are truly new arrivals on the Australian continent. They are part of the genus Crocodylus, which likely has its origins in Africa,” he said. “This species of crocodile immigrated and conquered Australia just a few million years ago. However, Australia’s main native crocodiles, like this one, have totally gone extinct,” he continued.
Dr. Yates also revealed that the size of this Baru crocodile can be compared to a recent saltwater crocodile; however, due to the fact that the bone is strong, it would have had more weight. He said it is likely that it weighed more than a saltwater crocodile of an equal length. So they are looking towards many hundreds of kilos. Studying the details of the bone will bring hints not only to the altering state of Australia’s environment from ancient times till now, but also to how this specific crocodile varies from other species that are known.
He also said they have to get down to the details of its structure and make a demonstration on why the structure of this one is sort of different from all the other species of ancient crocodile from Australia that are known.
Dr. Yates said the size of the bone shows that the animal was very powerful. “Its actually powerfully built heavy, thick, deep jaws, and really large teeth all imply that this was a crocodile that specifically takes megafauna(巨型动物),” he said. He added that modern crocodiles mostly survive on small prey and small fish. This guy didn’t survive on small things. Dr. Yates said modern saltwater crocodiles also had the ability of taking larger animals.
12. What’s special about the new specimen?
A. It was rare in Australia. B. Its bone is well-preserved.
C. It is the first specimen of a new species. D. Its name was given by a famous scientist.
13. What can be inferred from the finding of Australian crocodiles?
A. They are quite ancient and fixed.
B. They are threatened with extinction.
C. They may have their origins in Africa.
D. They have better adaptability on the Australian continent.
14. What’s the significance of studying the new specimen?
A. Finding out the cause of its disappearance.
B. Helping the saltwater crocodile to live better.
C. Restoring the whole picture of this type of crocodile.
D. Learning about the change of the environment in Australia.
15. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. The evolution of Australian crocodiles.
B. A study about the oldest crocodiles in Africa.
C. A newly-discovered crocodile specimen in Australia.
D. The difference between native Australian crocodiles and African ones
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to make a cooking video on TikTok
You may think sharing your cooking videos on TikTok isn’t a big deal. ____16____ We’ve asked some experts for tips on how to film, edit and post cooking videos on TikTok.
Keep it simple
“Simplicity is key when creating food content on TikTok,” says MacKenzie Smith, creator of Grilled Cheese Social. ____17____ “My Baked Feta Pasta that went viral(走红) earlier this year is a good example of how simple food trends can take over the social landscape,” says Smith.
Show off kitchen skills
____18____ Film something you do special or share a helpful tip some viewers may not know. Smith, who’s partnering the National Mango Board, says she’s been starting all her videos for the campaign with a demonstration of the best mango cutting technique.
Film from different angles
If you have two smartphones or cameras, try setting them up on tripods(三脚架) at different angles, so you can edit with a diversity of different shots, both overhead and from another good point. Only have one device? No worries. ____19____
Break the rules
Just like cooking, the rules of TikTok are meant to be broken. So if you want your viewers to keep coming back to your videos, never be afraid of trying creative ideas. ____20____ Make what you want to make. Who knows what will become a trend, and what was a waste of your time?
A. Actually, it isn’t as easy as you think.
B. Keep your videos between 30 and 60 seconds.
C. Consider filming your content in natural lighting.
D. Film various parts of your cooking from a few perspectives.
E. That’s because the golden rule of social media is to be creative.
F. An approachable recipe is key to connecting with a larger audience.
G. Before leaping into full-on recipes, consider showing off your cooking skills.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Teenage pilot Zara Rutherford has become the youngest woman to fly around the world solo. The 19-year-old Belgian ____21____ Kortrijk-Wevelgem Airport in western Belgium on Thursday,completing a 41-country journey, spanning over 52,000 kilometers.
“I ____22____ it,” Rutherford, who received a warm welcome on her ____23____, tells reporters.
Not only has she ____24____ the record held by American Shaesta Waiz, who was 30 when she circumnavigated(环游) the globe ____25____ in 2017, Rutherford also now holds the ____26____ for the first woman to circumnavigate the world in a microlight.
____27____, the teenager’s route to glory hasn’t been without ____28____. When Rutherford departed on August 18, 2021, she believed her flight would take about three months. But she was troubled by setbacks, including month-long ____29____ in both Alaska and Russia due to “visa and weather issues”, pushing her schedule back eight weeks. Moreover, she was also forced to make an ____30____ landing in Redding, California due to poor visibility as a result of the wildfires.
“I’d say the ____31____ part was definitely flying over Siberia — it was extremely cold,” says Rutherford. “If the engine were to stall(熄火), I’d be hours away from ____32____ and I don’t know how long I could have survived for.”
Her adventure was intended to ____33____ greater visibility of women in aviation(航空). Last year, Rutherford spoke of her ____34____ at the fact that just 5.1% of airline pilots around the globe are women. She hopes her success will ____35____ more females to consider a career in aviation. “If you don’t try and see how high you can fly, then you’ll never know,” she says.
21. A. worked at B. stared at C. landed at D. wondered at
22. A. rejected B. made C. predicted D. spotted
23. A. journey B. advice C. behalf D. arrival
24. A. beaten B. registered C. witnessed D. revealed
25. A. unaccompanied B. unacknowledged C. unarmed D. unaltered
26. A. position B. view C. title D. power
27. A. Meanwhile B. However C. Additionally D. Therefore
28. A. drills B. prospects C. modes D. challenges
29. A. flights B. preparations C. delays D. attempts
30. A. unacceptable B. unfinished C. unaccountable D. unscheduled
31. A. hardest B. highest C. farthest D. narrowest
32. A. honor B. rescue C. shelter D. comfort
33. A. appreciate B. approve C. embrace D. ensure
34. A. disappointment B. astonishment C. annoyance D. embarrassment
35. A. allow B. intend C. inspire D. select
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every weekend, hundreds of bookworms crowd around Liyuan Library in Jiaojiehe village, a book sanctuary(圣地) surrounded by chestnut, walnut and peach trees ___36___ branches are used to decorate the building.
Deep in ___37___ heart of a rocky valley in the suburb of Beijing, the wooden library sits seemingly in the middle of nowhere. It was ___38___ (careful) designed by Professor Li Xiaodong, from the School of Architecture at Tsinghua University. ___39___ (decorate) with about 40, 000 firewood sticks outside, the bookstore features 10,000 books ranging from literature to history.
The library, which opened in 2012, draws hundreds of visitors every weekend, many of whom ___40___ (attract) by the design. With space ___41___just 40 people at a time, visitors line up ___42___ (enter) the library, which only opens on weekends.
“We have now banned people from ___43___ (take) pictures inside, as some of them come here just for it. They even come in costumes as if they are going to give a ___44___ (perform),” owner Pan Xi complained. “That’s really ___45___ (disturb). We still want to give those who really love reading a quiet and peaceful environment.”
第四部分 写作（共三节 满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华，得知你的英国好友Eric在他所在城市举办的主题为“保护世界野生动植物”的海报设计大赛中荣获一等奖。请给Eric写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 祝贺他获奖；
2. 肯定他付出的努力；
3. 美好祝愿。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
Dear Eric,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
57-year-old Sean Currey knew the value of treating others in the way he intended to be treated. Hence, he lived by that principle in his whole life, which eventually took him off the streets at the right time.
Sean Currey became unemployed during the pandemic, and ended up homeless, searching through dustbins(垃圾桶) around San Rafael, California, to meet his needs. Once, he made an unusual find at the bottom of a dustbin just behind a coffee shop. Looking through the purse, he discovered a series of credit cards, debit cards, healthcare cards and a business card, identifying the purse’s owner as an 80-year-old woman, Evelyn Topper.
Interestingly, the woman lived in Mill Valley, about six miles away from his location. Knowing how discouraging it was to lose one’s possessions, Currey figured he needed to return the purse to its rightful owner. Then Sean Currey gave Topper a call, using the contact details on the business card. His guess was accurate, as the elderly woman had been extremely worried since losing her purse days ago.
According to Evelyn Topper, she stopped by a coffee shop on December 9 to get a hot drink and a bubble tea for her 12-year-old granddaughter. She paid for both drinks and put the purse into her pocket. Unfortunately, the purse fell off somewhere along the way, and by the time she reached home, she discovered her purse was gone.
Evelyn Topper contacted the coffee shop immediately, receiving the heartbreaking news that her purse was not there. Next, she checked her car, and all the rooms in her apartment, but did not find it. Eventually, she concluded the purse must have been dropped somewhere on the way home.
Just when she gave up finding her purse, Topper received Currey’s call. She screamed in delight when she learned he had her purse. They met up immediately in front of a nearby shopping center, where Currey returned the purse. The woman called her daughter and granddaughter, Mikayla Gounard, to tell them what had happened. That was when Mikayla decided to repay Currey’s kindness.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
It was Mikayla’s twelfth birthday.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The money collected at the birthday party changed Currey’s life.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
###############################
听力：1—5 BCBAA 6—10 ACCBA 11—15 CBBCA 16—20 BBACA
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D
【解析】
本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国国内的四个有创意的，特殊的休整的好去处，它们提供以创作和使用技能为主的课程。
1. 细节理解题。根据Drawing, North Yorkshire的第一句“Learn how to create beautiful pen and ink drawings on this four-day art holiday in the North York Moors.（在这个为期四天的艺术假期中，在北约克摩尔学习如何创作美丽的钢笔画）”以及时间“Dates: 25-28 Sept.”可知，该课程为期四天，时间是9月25日至9月28日，因此，如果想要你想要享受四天的假期，可以选择North Yorkshire。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据Chair-making, Leicestershire的“Price: £ 650 per person(including accommodation)（价格：每人650英镑/人，包括住宿）”，Drawing, North Yorkshire的“Price: £ 405 per person(including accommodation and meals)（价格：每人405英镑，包括住宿及膳食）”，Celtic woodturning（木工车床加工）, County Armagh的“Price: £ 238(including meals)（价格：238英镑，含餐费）”，Wildlife photography, Dorset的“Price: £ 475 per person(including accommodation, meals and student fees)（价格：每人475英镑，包括住宿费、餐费和学费）”可知，除了Chair-making, Leicestershire，其他三个课程的价格都包含餐费，故需避开Chair-making, Leicestershire。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章Chair-making, Leicestershire的第一句“Spend a week in the National Forest woodlands learning to make your own chair.（花一周时间在国家森林的林地里学习制作你自己的椅子）”可知，学习制作椅子，可以激发创造力，提高实践技能；Drawing, North Yorkshire第一句“Learn how to create beautiful pen and ink drawings on this four-day art holiday in the North York Moors.（在这个为期四天的艺术假期中，在北约克摩尔学习如何创作美丽的钢笔画）”可知，学习创作美丽的笔墨画，这也可以激发创造力，提高实践技能；Celtic woodturning（木工车床加工）, County Armagh的第二句“The three-night break includes a full-day beginners’ woodturning workshop, where participants make their own bowl from locally sourced wood, learning how to use a lathe(车床), sharpen tools, sand and finish.（三晚的休息包括一个全天的木工初学者工作坊，在这里，参与者用当地的木材制作自己的碗，学习如何使用车床，磨工具，打磨和抛光。）”可知，制作木碗可以培养动手操作能力；Wildlife photography, Dorset的第三句“Led by Emma Healey and Sean Weekly, the course is an opportunity to take advantage of the best light of the day to take wildlife photographs.（由Emma Healey和Sean Weekly领导的这个课程是一个利用白天最好的光线拍摄野生动物照片的机会）”可知，该课程涉学习如何拍摄野生动物照片，同样可以激发创造力和提高实践技能。由此可推知，四个课程的共同特点是都有助于提高参与者的实践技能。故选D项。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者在葡萄牙一个农场上，受主人邀请用自己的相关知识为农场主解决水井泵问题，并得到主人感激的故事。
4. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The farm is located a few kilometers away from Lagos, in a remote location in the hills. It was designed around the idea of connecting nature and technology in a green way and with a self-sustainable approach.（该农场位于距离拉各斯几公里远的山区。它的设计理念是以绿色方式和自我可持续的方式连接自然和技术）”可知，该农场的亮点是它是环保的。故选C。
5. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“When my host learned that I majored in electronics at college, he was very trusting and encouraged me to work on one of the most important issues on the farm — the water well’s pump operation.（当我的主人得知我在大学主修电子专业时，他非常信任我，鼓励我研究农场最重要的问题之一——水井的泵操作）”可知，作者被邀请解决水井泵的操作是因为他有相关的知识。故选D。
6. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I realized that I could make a very positive impact on people’s lives by sharing knowledge to build something useful.（我意识到我可以通过分享知识来构建一些有用的东西，从而对人们的生活产生非常积极的影响）”推知，作者认为自己的志愿者工作是有意的。故选C。
7. 推理判断题。通读全文，本文主要讲述了作者在葡萄牙一个农场上，受主人邀请用自己的相关知识为农场主解决水井泵问题，并得到主人感激的故事。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享一次有趣的经历。故选A。
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，就生命早期的饮食和锻炼长期综合影响进行了研究。研究发现早期的生活锻炼可以减少焦虑行为，增加成年人的肌肉和大脑质量，而高脂肪和高糖的西式饮食不仅能使人变胖，而且在长大成人后更喜欢不健康的食物。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Though diet and exercise are recommended as ways to improve health, new UC Riverside research in mice is the first to examine the long-lasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life.（虽然饮食和运动被推荐为改善健康的方法，但加州大学河滨分校的新研究首次在小鼠中研究了这两种因素在生命早期的长期综合影响。）”可知，综合研究饮食和锻炼对人的影响是新的UCR研究的独特之处。故选C项。
9. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers found that early-life exercise led to reduced anxious behaviors and an increase in adult muscle and brain mass.（研究人员发现，早期的生活锻炼可以减少焦虑行为，增加成年人的肌肉和大脑质量）”可知，早期的生活锻炼可以减少焦虑行为，增加成年人的肌肉和大脑质量。由此可知，早期生活锻炼可减少焦虑，让大脑更平静。故选B项。
10. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“After an additional eight weeks of “washout”, during which all mice were housed without wheels and on a healthy diet, the researchers did a behavioral analysis and measured levels of several different hormones.（在另外八周的“洗漱”后，所有小鼠都被安置在没有轮子的环境中，并以健康的饮食为基础，研究人员进行了行为分析，并测量了几种不同激素的水平）”以及划线单词前的“One of those they measured（他们测量的这些）”可知，those指代第四段最后提到的“hormones（激素）”，而leptin指的是这些激素之一。故选D项。
11. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the microbiome(微生物群) for life, even if they later eat more healthily.（此前，该研究团队发现，儿童时期摄入过多脂肪和糖可以改变一生的微生物群，即使他们以后吃得更健康）”可知，早期的饮食习惯会带来一生的影响；再根据最后一段“This study offers great opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. “Our findings may be related to understanding the potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with overweight,” said Marcell.（这项研究为儿童习惯的健康干预提供了很大的机会。马塞尔说：“我们的发现可能有助于了解与超重相关的活动减少和饮食变化的潜在影响。”）”可知，饮食的变化和锻炼的减少都可能与超重息息相关。综合两段，早期健康习惯很重要。故选A项。
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚新发现的鳄鱼标本。
12. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is the nicest and the bone of the Baru crocodile is the most complete among all that have ever been discovered so far.（这是最好的，并且也是迄今为止所发现的巴鲁鳄鱼的骨头中最完整的。）”可知，这个新标本的骨头保存完好。故选B项。
13. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The current Australian crocodiles are truly new arrivals on the Australian continent. They are part of the genus Crocodylus, which likely has its origins in Africa.（现在的澳大利亚鳄鱼是澳大利亚大陆上真正的新来者。它们是鳄鱼属的一部分，可能起源于非洲。）”可知，澳大利亚鳄鱼可能起源于非洲。故选C项。
14. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Studying the details of the bone will bring hints not only to the altering state of Australia’s environment from ancient times till now, but also to how this specific crocodile varies from other species that are known.（研究这块骨头的细节不仅会给澳大利亚从古代到现在的环境变化状况提供线索，还会给我们带来这种特定鳄鱼与已知的其他物种的不同之处。）”可知，研究新标本的意义是了解澳大利亚环境的变化。故选D项。
15. 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“A new unnamed species of crocodile(鳄鱼) indigenous to Australia has been found in the middle of the outback. The species of crocodile presently on extinction, belonging to the Baru crocodile, is new to experts despite the fact that the animal wandered around the Australian continent 25 million years ago.（澳大利亚内陆中部发现了一种未命名的鳄鱼新品种。目前已经灭绝的巴鲁鳄鱼对专家来说是一种新物种，尽管这种动物在2500万年前曾在澳大利亚大陆游荡。）”可知，本文主要介绍了澳大利亚新发现的鳄鱼标本。故选C项。
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. G 19. D 20. E
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了如何在TikTok上制作烹饪视频。
16. 上文“You may think sharing your cooking videos on TikTok isn’t a big deal.（你可能认为在TikTok上分享你的烹饪视频没什么大不了的。）”说明你可能认为分享视频是很容易的，选项A“实际上，这并不像你想的那么容易。”承接上文，转折语义，说明这并不像你想的那么容易。故选A项。
17. 上文小标题“Keep it simple（保持简单）”和下文“My Baked Feta Pasta that went viral(走红) earlier this year is a good example of how simple food trends can take over the social landscape.（今年早些时候，我的烤羊肉通心粉走红了，这是一个很好的例子，说明了简单的食品趋势可以如何影响社会。）”说明烹饪的食物不必过于复杂，往往简单的食品更受欢迎，选项F“容易理解的食谱是吸引更多观众的关键。”符合本段主题，说明容易理解的食谱更吸引观众。故选F项。
18. 上文小标题“Show off kitchen skills（展示厨房技能）”建议展示厨房技能，选项G“在大谈菜谱之前，考虑炫耀一下你的厨艺。”承接小标题，贴合主题，建议炫耀一下厨艺。故选G项。
19. 上文小标题“Film from different angles（不同角度拍摄）”建议从不同角度拍摄，选项D“从几个角度拍摄你烹饪的各个部分。”呼应小标题，贴合主题，建议从几个角度拍摄。故选D项。
20. 上文“So if you want your viewers to keep coming back to your videos, never be afraid of trying creative ideas.（所以，如果你想让你的观众不断回到你的视频，永远不要害怕尝试创造性的想法。）”说明视频要有创造性，选项E“这是因为社交媒体的黄金法则就是要有创造力。”承接上文，强调创造力在社交媒体上的重要性。故选E项。
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了19岁的比利时人卢瑟福独自驾驶超轻型飞机完成了跨越41个国家、跨越5.2万公里的旅程，打破了美国人沙斯塔·维兹于2017年30岁时一人环球航行的纪录，也成为了首位超轻型飞机环球航行的女性，她希望以此来激励更多的女性参与到航空事业中。
21. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这名19岁的比利时人于周四降落在比利时西部的Kortrijk-Wevelgem机场，完成了跨越41个国家、跨越5.2万公里的旅程。A. worked at从事；B. stared at盯着；C. landed at降落在；D. wondered at对……感到吃惊。根据本句中的completing a 41-country journey, spanning over 52,000 kilometers，可知，Rutherford完成了飞行，最后降落（landed at）在机场。故选C项。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一抵达就受到了热烈欢迎，卢瑟福告诉记者：“我成功了。”A. rejected拒绝；B. made制造；C. predicted预测；D. spotted发现。根据上文“The 19-year-old Belgian ____1____ Kortrijk-Wevelgem Airport in western Belgium on Thursday, completing a 41-country journey, spanning over 52,000 kilometers.（这名19岁的比利时人于周四降落在比利时西部的Kortrijk-Wevelgem机场，完成了跨越41个国家、跨越5.2万公里的旅程。）”可知，Rutherford成功地完成了这次飞行，抵达终点。此处考查固定短语make it，意为“达到预定目标；及时抵达；走完路程”。故选B项。
23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一抵达就受到热烈欢迎，卢瑟福告诉记者：“我成功了。”A. journey旅程；B. advice建议；C. behalf代表；D. arrival到达。介词on意为“一……就……”，on arrival，为固定短语，意为“一达到就……”，根据上文“The 19-year-old Belgian ____1____ Kortrijk-Wevelgem Airport in western Belgium on Thursday, completing a 41-country journey, spanning over 52,000 kilometers.（这名19岁的比利时人于周四降落在比利时西部的Kortrijk-Wevelgem机场，完成了跨越41个国家、跨越5.2万公里的旅程。）”可知，飞机一降落，即卢瑟福一到达（arrival）机场就受到了热烈欢迎。故选D项。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：卢瑟福不仅打破了美国人沙斯塔·维兹于2017年30岁时一人环球航行的纪录，现在还成为了首位超轻型飞机环球航行的女性。A. beaten打，击败，战胜；B. registered注册；C. witnessed目击；D. revealed揭露。根据第一段第一句“Teenage pilot Zara Rutherford has become the youngest woman to fly around the world solo.（青少年飞行员扎拉·卢瑟福成为最年轻的单人环球飞行女性。）”可知，卢瑟福打破（beaten）了前人的纪录，是最年轻的女飞行员。beat the record，意为“打破记录”，故选A项。
25. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卢瑟福不仅打破了美国人沙斯塔·维兹于2017年30岁时一人环球航行的纪录，现在还成为了首位超轻型飞机环球航行的女性。A. unaccompanied无人陪伴的；B. unacknowledged未被承认的；C. unarmed无武装的；D. unaltered未被改变的。根据第一段的第一句“Teenage pilot Zara Rutherford has become the youngest woman to fly around the world solo.（青少年飞行员扎拉·卢瑟福成为最年轻的单人环球飞行女性。）”中的solo可知，卢瑟福的这次独自一人环球飞行，飞机上没有旁人陪伴（unaccompanied）着她，她跟同样是独自环球飞行的沙斯塔·维兹比，年龄更小。故选A项。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：卢瑟福不仅打破了美国人沙斯塔·维兹于2017年30岁时一人环球航行的纪录，现在还成为了首位超轻型飞机环球航行的女性。A. position立场；B. view观点；C. title称号，头衔；D. power权力。卢瑟福是第一个开超轻型飞机环球航行的女性，因此获得此头衔（title）。hold the title，为固定短语，意为“拥有头衔”。故选C项。
27. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个少年的荣耀之路并非没有挑战。A. Meanwhile同时；B. However然而；C. Additionally另外；D. Therefore因此。根据下文“But she was troubled by setbacks, including month-long ____9____ in both Alaska and Russia due to ‘visa and weather issues’, pushing her schedule back eight weeks. Moreover, she was also forced to make an ____10____ landing in Redding, California due to poor visibility as a result of the wildfires.（但她受到挫折的困扰，包括在阿拉斯加和俄罗斯因‘签证和天气问题’而长达一个月的延误，使她的行程推迟了8周。此外，由于野火导致的能见度低，她还被迫临时降落在加州的雷丁。）”可知，这次飞行过程中，卢瑟福遭遇了很多挑战，与前文的成功抵达的结果之间为转折关系，应用副词however。故选B项。
28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个少年的荣耀之路并非没有挑战。A. drills钻探；B. prospects前景；C. modes模式；D. challenges挑战。根据下文“But she was troubled by setbacks, including month-long ____9____ in both Alaska and Russia due to ‘visa and weather issues’, pushing her schedule back eight weeks. Moreover, she was also forced to make an ____10____ landing in Redding, California due to poor visibility as a result of the wildfires.（但她受到挫折的困扰，包括在阿拉斯加和俄罗斯因‘签证和天气问题’而长达一个月的延误，使她的行程推迟了8周。此外，由于野火导致的能见度低，她还被迫临时降落在加州的雷丁。）”可知，卢瑟福在这次飞行中遭遇了各种诸如签证、天气问题、能见度问题等的挑战（challenges），故选D项。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她受到挫折的困扰，包括在阿拉斯加和俄罗斯因“签证和天气问题”而长达一个月的延误，使她的行程推迟了8周。A. flights航班；B. preparations准备工作；C. delays延误；D. attempts尝试。根据本句中的“pushing her schedule back eight weeks”可知，途中在阿拉斯加和俄罗斯因“签证和天气问题”，无法继续前行，行程被推迟了8周，因此被延误耽搁（delays）。故选C项。
30. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于野火导致的能见度低，她还被迫临时降落在加州的雷丁。A. unacceptable不可接受的；B. unfinished未完成的；C. unaccountable无法理解的，不负责任的；D. unscheduled事先未安排的。句中的due to poor visibility as a result of the wildfires可知，卢瑟福本应该按计划一路前行，但途中发生山火，导致了空中能见度降低，使她不得不临时降落，这次降落不在计划中，unscheduled符合语意。故选D项。
31. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想说最困难的部分肯定是在西伯利亚上空飞行——那里非常寒冷。A. hardest最困难的；B. highest最高的；C. farthest最远的；D. narrowest最窄的。根据下文“If the engine were to stall(熄火), I’d be hours away from ____12____ and I don’t know how long I could have survived for.（如果引擎熄火，我离救援到达要好几个小时，我不知道我还能活多久。）”以及本句的extremely cold可知，卢瑟福还在遭西伯利亚遭遇了极寒天气，这是众多挑战中最难的（hardest），甚至关系到她的生死。故选A项。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果引擎熄火，我离救援到达要好几个小时，我不知道我还能活多久。A. honor荣誉；B. rescue救援；C. shelter庇护所；D. comfort舒适。根据上句“I’d say the ____11____ part was definitely flying over Siberia — it was extremely cold,（我想说最困难的部分肯定是在西伯利亚上空飞行——那里非常寒冷。）”，本句中的the engine were to stall，以及I don’t know how long I could have survived for.可知，卢瑟福如果在西伯利亚遭遇飞机引擎熄火，那么救援人员要花好几个小时才能到达她所在的地方来搭救她。rescue符合语意。故选B项。
33. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的冒险是为了确保女性在航空领域有更大的知名度。A. appreciate欣赏；B. approve批准；C. embrace拥抱；D. ensure确保。根据下文“Last year, Rutherford spoke of her ____14____ at the fact that just 5.1% of airline pilots around the globe are women. She hopes her success will ____15____ more females to consider a career in aviation.（去年，卢瑟福谈到了一个令她失望的事实：全球只有5.1%的飞行员是女性。她希望自己的成功能激励更多女性考虑从事航空事业。）”可知，卢瑟福觉得全球的女飞行员的数量太少了，希望更多的女性都参与进来，她的这次飞行的目的就是用自己的亲身经历来提高女性在这个行业中的知名度，吸引更多女性参与，ensure符合语意。故选D项。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，卢瑟福谈到了一个令她失望的事实：全球只有5.1%的飞行员是女性。A. disappointment失望；B. astonishment惊讶；C. annoyance烦恼；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据本句中的the fact that just 5.1% of airline pilots around the globe are women，以及下句“She hopes her success will ____15____ more females to consider a career in aviation.（她希望自己的成功能激励更多女性考虑从事航空事业。）”可知，这个女性飞行员的比例令卢瑟福失望（disappointment），所以才希望激励更多的女性参与从事航空事业。故选A项。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她希望自己的成功能激励更多女性考虑从事航空事业。A. allow允许；B. intend打算；C. inspire激励，鼓舞；D. select选择。根据前文“Teenage pilot Zara Rutherford has become the youngest woman to fly around the world solo. The 19-year-old Belgian ____1____ Kortrijk-Wevelgem Airport in western Belgium on Thursday,completing a 41-country journey, spanning over 52,000 kilometers.（青少年飞行员扎拉·卢瑟福成为最年轻的单人环球飞行女性。这名19岁的比利时人于周四降落在比利时西部的Kortrijk-Wevelgem机场，完成了跨越41个国家、跨越5.2万公里的旅程。）”可知，19岁的卢瑟福历经重重困难，独自飞行，并成功抵达目的地，这个经历会对更多的女性产生激励（inspire）作用，投入到航空事业中。故选C项。
【答案】
36. whose
37. the
38. carefully
39. Decorated
40. are attracted
41. for
42. to enter
43. taking
44. performance
45. disturbing
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于北京郊区一个岩石山谷深处的图书馆——梨园图书馆。
36. 考查定语从句。句意：每个周末，数百名书虫聚集在焦街河村的梨园图书馆周围，这是一个图书圣地，周围环绕着栗树、核桃树和桃树，这些树的树枝用来装饰建筑。空处引导定语从句，先行词是trees，从句缺少定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
37. 考查冠词。句意：在北京郊区一个岩石山谷的深处，木制图书馆似乎坐落在一个不知名的地方。此处特指北京郊区一个岩石山谷的深处，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
38. 考查副词。句意：它由清华大学建筑学院的李晓东教授精心设计。修饰谓语动词was designed应用副词。故填carefully。
39. 考查非谓语动词。句意：书店外面装饰着大约40000根木柴，有10000本从文学到历史的书籍。句中已有谓语动词features且无连词，故空处应填非谓语动词，decorate和逻辑主语the bookstore之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填Decorated。
40. 考查时态和语态。句意：该图书馆于2012年开放，每个周末都吸引数百名游客，其中许多人都被设计吸引。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，且复数主语many of whom（whom指代visitors）和attract之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are attracted。
41. 考查介词。句意：由于一次只能容纳40人，游客排队进入图书馆，图书馆只在周末开放。结合句意表示“容纳……的空间，给……的空间”为space for。故填for。
42. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。结合句意，游客排队的目的是进入图书馆，表目的应用不定式。故填to enter。
43. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们现在已经禁止人们在里面拍照，因为一些人来这里只是为了拍照。ban sb. from doing sth.“禁止某人做某事”，应用动名词作介词from的宾语。故填taking。
44. 考查名词。句意：他们甚至穿着戏服来，好像要表演一样。此处应填名词作宾语，performance“表演”符合题意，冠词a提示用单数。故填performance。
45. 考查形容词。句意：这真令人不安。作表语，表示事件的特征，应用disturbing“令人不安的”。故填disturbing。
【答案】Dear Eric,
Learning that you were awarded first prize in the poster design competition held in your city, with the theme “Protecting the World’s Wildlife”, I’m writing to offer my congratulations to you.
I think it is a prize that you deserve. First of all, you have a talent for art. Secondly, your rich imagination is one of the advantages over other competitors. Furthermore, you have been interested in wildlife from an early age, which makes your work stand out among the posters.
Please accept my congratulations again. I wish you every success in the future.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“英国好友Eric在他所在城市举办的主题为‘保护世界野生动植物’的海报设计大赛中荣获一等奖”一事，给Eric写一封电子邮件，肯定他付出的努力，向他表示祝贺。
1. 词汇积累
比赛：competition→contest
对……有天赋：have a talent for→have a gift for
此外：furthermore→what’s more
对……感兴趣：be interested in→take interest in
2. 句式拓展
同义句
原句：I wish you every success in the future.
拓展句：May you succeed in the future.
【点睛】高分句型1：Learning that you were awarded first prize in the poster design competition held in your city, with the theme “Protecting the World’s Wildlife”, I’m writing to offer my congratulations to you.（运用了现在分词作状语，that引导的宾语从句和过去分词短语做后置定语）
高分句型2：Furthermore, you have been interested in wildlife from an early age, which makes your work stand out among the posters.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【答案】One possible version:
It was Mikayla’s twelfth birthday. Determined to reward Currey’s kindness, Mikayla urged her invited relatives and friends to send donations instead of gifts. She decided to direct her kind gesture to the homeless man. As a result, Mikayla ended up raising $475 at her birthday party. As more people continued showing their willingness to help, Mikayla’s mom created a GoFundMe page for the man, gathering up to $30,000.
The money collected at the birthday party changed Currey’s life. He never imagined that his honesty would be rewarded in such a pleasant way. He was very happy with the result because he needn’t go cold and hungry for a long time. With the money, he could find a room to live in. Besides, moved by his honesty, an employer approached him and offered him a job in his company. Hopefully, his gesture of honesty would encourage more people to do the right thing.
【解析】
本文以Sean Currey“以自己希望被对待的方式对待他人”的为人处世原则为前提，讲述了他捡到Evelyn Topper的钱包并归还，而Evelyn Topper的孙女Mikayla Gounard感激Sean Currey的善良并决定回报他的故事来展开。
1. 段落续写
根据第一段首句“正好是Mikayla的12岁生日”可知，接下来可描写孙女Mikayla在12岁生日之际是怎样回报Sean Currey的善良的。
根据第二段首句“在生日聚会上筹集的钱改变了Currey的人生”可知，Mikayla在她生日聚会上成功地为Curry筹集了钱，接着可以写这些钱是如何改变Currey的人生的。
2. 续写线索：孙女Mikayla决定报答Currey——Mikayla在生日聚会上为Currey筹钱——Mikayla建立网页以寻求更多人的帮助——钱款改善Currey的生活
3. 词类激活
行为类
①邀请某人做某事：invite sb. to do sth.
②继续做某事：continue doing sth.
③鼓励某人做某事：encourage sb. to do sth.
情感类
①满意的：happy
②有希望地：hopefully
【点睛】高分句型1：As more people continued showing their willingness to help, Mikayla’s mom created a GoFundMe page for the man, gathering up to $30,000.（运用了as引导原因状语从句）
高分句型2：He never imagined that his honesty would be rewarded in such a pleasant way.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
2022—2023学年度高三上学期期初检测卷
英语
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man think of his new job?
A. Boring. B. Satisfying. C. Poorly-paid.
2. Why does the woman talk to the man?
A. To buy a ticket. B. To change a ticket. C. To return a ticket.
3. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a wine shop. B. In a restaurant. C. At the man’s home.
4. What exercise does the man do the least?
A. Boxing. B. Jogging. C. Weightlifting.
5. What’s the man’s native language?
A. French. B. Japanese. C. English.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What kind of room did the man reserve?
A. A single room. B. A business suite. C. A conference room.
7. How much should the man pay in total?
A. $150. B. $300. C. $450.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. What is Linda?
A. A shopkeeper. B. A singer. C. A nurse.
9. At what time does Linda usually go to bed?
A. About 7:00 am. B. About 8:30 am. C. About 11:00 pm.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What’s the woman’s plan for Saturday afternoon?
A. Watching a game.
B. Enjoying a concert.
C. Doing the housework.
11. Whom will Brian see on Sunday?
A. His doctor. B. His friend. C. His mother.
12. What will the woman do on Sunday?
A. Work in a garden.
B. Go to the man’s home.
C. Read a book at home.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. Why does the man call the woman?
A. To send a fax.
B. To tell some changes.
C. To confirm a meeting.
14. Where is Ron?
A. In his office.
B. In the meeting room.
C. In the sales department.
15. How many copies does the woman have to make in all?
A. 60. B. 55. C. 50.
16. How will the speakers get to the Wilton?
A. By taxi. B. On foot. C. By bus.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. When does the Running of the Bulls take place?
A. In June. B. In July. C. In August.
18. What does the speaker imply about the festival?
A. Things might be expensive.
B. There’re no 5-star hotels nearby.
C. It is held in the narrow streets.
19. What did the museum use to be?
A. A market. B. A church. C. A hospital.
20. Who is the speaker giving this talk to?
A. Tourists. B. Travel agents. C. History students.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Special breaks: four UK’s creative places
Chair-making, Leicestershire
Spend a week in the National Forest woodlands learning to make your own chair. People having different levels of experience are welcomed. Beginners can make a single Windsor chair, while the more advanced learners can design their own chairs or try a child’s chair.
Price: £ 650 per person(including accommodation)
Dates: 21-27 Jun., 31 Jul.-6 Aug., 23-29 Aug., 4-10 Oct.
Drawing, North Yorkshire
Learn how to create beautiful pen and ink drawings on this four-day art holiday in the North York Moors. Aimed at beginners, it teaches a range of styles and techniques to build confidence and improve various drawing skills. The course is mainly based at Larpool Hall, a Georgian house with views over the Esk Valley.
Price: £ 405 per person(including accommodation and meals)
Dates: 25-28 Sept.
Celtic woodturning(木工车床加工), County Armagh
Guests stay at Bluebell Lane Glamping at the foot of Slieve Gullion in the Ring of Gullion area of outstanding natural beauty, near Newry. The three-night break includes a full-day beginners’ woodturning workshop, where participants make their own bowl from locally sourced wood, learning how to use a lathe(车床), sharpen tools, sand and finish. There is also a break for a guided walk through the 11-hectare woodland surrounding the site.
Price: £ 238(including meals)
Dates: 21-23 Aug.
Wildlife photography, Dorset
Red squirrels are now very rare in England, but Brownsea Island has a large population of red squirrels. On this two-night trip, guests will explore the island and learn how to photograph the creatures in the woodlands. Led by Emma Healey and Sean Weekly, the course is an opportunity to take advantage of the best light of the day to take wildlife photographs.
Price: £ 475 per person(including accommodation, meals and student fees)
Dates: 14 -15 Sept.
1. Which place will you choose if you want to enjoy a four-day vacation?
A. Dorset. B. Leicestershire. C. County Armagh. D. North Yorkshire.
2. What should you avoid doing if you don’t want to pay extra for meals?
A. Drawing. B. Taking wildlife photos.
C. Experiencing chair making. D. Learning Celtic woodturning.
3. What do the four activities mentioned above have in common?
A. They are all aimed at beginners.
B. They are all based at woodlands.
C. They all have professional leaders.
D. They all help improve people’s practical skills.
B
I’ve always enjoyed the idea of travelling and volunteering for a few months in southern Europe and living close to the sea, surrounded by nature, staying with the locals and exploring their culture. So when I had a chance to make this daydream a reality, I decided to apply for my first experience on a farm in Portugal.
The farm is located a few kilometers away from Lagos, in a remote location in the hills. It was designed around the idea of connecting nature and technology in a green way and with a self-sustainable approach. My host, Lucio, is really passionate about the do-it-yourself initiative or maker culture. He built and decorated his house using natural materials. He changed the shipping container into an electronic lab.
When my host learned that I majored in electronics at college, he was very trusting and encouraged me to work on one of the most important issues on the farm — the water well’s pump operation. Since the well was the only water source for the entire farm, it turned out to be a tough task for me. I wasn’t even sure if I could do it in the beginning, but with my host’s encouragement, I gradually made progress and was able to build a working prototype(原型).
Lucio was very excited when we connected the DIY prototype I built to the pump control panel successfully. I still remember the moment when Lucio shook my hand with a big smile and thanked me for solving one of the farm’s most difficult problems. With his trust, I got to work on more complex projects afterwards too!
Before this volunteer experience, I never thought my help would be so appreciated. I realized that I could make a very positive impact on people’s lives by sharing knowledge to build something useful.
4. What is the highlight of the farm?
A. It is high-tech. B. It is man-made.
C. It is environment-friendly. D. It covers the largest area.
5. Why was the author asked to work on the water well’s pump operation?
A. He was enthusiastic about it. B. He had a wealth of experience.
C. He had the ability to finish the work. D. He acquired relevant academic knowledge.
6. What did the author think of his volunteer work?
A. Boring. B. Necessary. C. Meaningful. D. Demanding.
7. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To share an interesting experience. B. To call on more people to volunteer.
C. To recommend a travel destination. D. To remember an impressive friend.
C
Though diet and exercise are recommended as ways to improve health, new UC Riverside research in mice is the first to examine the long-lasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life.
“Any time you go to a doctor with concerns about your weight, almost without fail, the doctor recommends that you exercise and eat less,” said researcher Marcell Cadney. “That’s why it’s surprising that most studies only look at diet or exercise separately. In this study, we wanted to include both,” he said.
The researchers found that early-life exercise led to reduced anxious behaviors and an increase in adult muscle and brain mass. When fed Western-style diets high in fat and sugar, the mice not only became fatter, but also grew into adults that preferred unhealthy food.
To obtain the findings, the researchers divided the young mice into four groups — those with access to exercise, those without access, those fed a standard, healthy diet and those who ate a Western diet. Mice started their diets immediately after weaning(断奶), and continued with them for three weeks until they reached adulthood. After an additional eight weeks of “washout”, during which all mice were housed without wheels and on a healthy diet, the researchers did a behavioral analysis and measured levels of several different hormones(激素).
One of those they measured, leptin, is produced by fat cells. It helps control body weight by increasing energy consumption and signaling that less food is required. Early-life exercise increased adult leptin levels in adult mice, regardless of the diet they ate. Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the microbiome(微生物群) for life, even if they later eat more healthily. Going forward, the team plans to study whether fat or sugar is more responsible for the negative effects they measured in Western-diet-fed mice.
This study offers great opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. “Our findings may be related to understanding the potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with overweight,” said Marcell.
8. What is special about the new UCR research?
A. It finds the relation between health and diet.
B. It is the first to study the effect of exercise.
C. It takes both exercise and diet into account.
D. It gives equal importance to physical and mental health.
9. What may early-life exercise contribute to?
A. Stronger bones. B. A peaceful mind.
C. A desire for healthy food. D. The various microbiome for life.
10. What does the underlined word “leptin” in the last but one paragraph refer to?
A. A diet. B. A mouse. C. A behavior. D. A hormone.
11. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. Early-life health habits matter.
B. It’s never too late to make a change.
C. A healthy body leads to a healthy mind.
D. Dietary habits make a difference to children’s behavior
D
A new unnamed species of crocodile(鳄鱼) indigenous to Australia has been found in the middle of the outback. The species of crocodile presently on extinction, belonging to the Baru crocodile, is new to experts despite the fact that the animal wandered around the Australian continent 25 million years ago.
Adam Yates, senior leader of earth sciences, said that Australia’s suitable instance of the crocodile’s bone was discovered in 2009 at the site of Alcoota Fossil which is eight million years old and is 200 kilometers north-east of Alice Springs, Australia. Dr. Yates revealed that other specimens(样本) had been discovered before. He said, “This specific specimen is one of the last of its kind. It is the nicest and the bone of the Baru crocodile is the most complete among all that have ever been discovered so far.” Thanks to the bone’s condition, Dr. Yates said that it would turn into the name-bearing specimen or what he referred to as “the holotype(正模标本)” of the new species.
Dr. Yates revealed that the modern Australian crocodile is known for being ancient and fixed, but that is not really true. “The current Australian crocodiles are truly new arrivals on the Australian continent. They are part of the genus Crocodylus, which likely has its origins in Africa,” he said. “This species of crocodile immigrated and conquered Australia just a few million years ago. However, Australia’s main native crocodiles, like this one, have totally gone extinct,” he continued.
Dr. Yates also revealed that the size of this Baru crocodile can be compared to a recent saltwater crocodile; however, due to the fact that the bone is strong, it would have had more weight. He said it is likely that it weighed more than a saltwater crocodile of an equal length. So they are looking towards many hundreds of kilos. Studying the details of the bone will bring hints not only to the altering state of Australia’s environment from ancient times till now, but also to how this specific crocodile varies from other species that are known.
He also said they have to get down to the details of its structure and make a demonstration on why the structure of this one is sort of different from all the other species of ancient crocodile from Australia that are known.
Dr. Yates said the size of the bone shows that the animal was very powerful. “Its actually powerfully built heavy, thick, deep jaws, and really large teeth all imply that this was a crocodile that specifically takes megafauna(巨型动物),” he said. He added that modern crocodiles mostly survive on small prey and small fish. This guy didn’t survive on small things. Dr. Yates said modern saltwater crocodiles also had the ability of taking larger animals.
12. What’s special about the new specimen?
A. It was rare in Australia. B. Its bone is well-preserved.
C. It is the first specimen of a new species. D. Its name was given by a famous scientist.
13. What can be inferred from the finding of Australian crocodiles?
A. They are quite ancient and fixed.
B. They are threatened with extinction.
C. They may have their origins in Africa.
D. They have better adaptability on the Australian continent.
14. What’s the significance of studying the new specimen?
A. Finding out the cause of its disappearance.
B. Helping the saltwater crocodile to live better.
C. Restoring the whole picture of this type of crocodile.
D. Learning about the change of the environment in Australia.
15. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. The evolution of Australian crocodiles.
B. A study about the oldest crocodiles in Africa.
C. A newly-discovered crocodile specimen in Australia.
D. The difference between native Australian crocodiles and African ones
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to make a cooking video on TikTok
You may think sharing your cooking videos on TikTok isn’t a big deal. ____16____ We’ve asked some experts for tips on how to film, edit and post cooking videos on TikTok.
Keep it simple
“Simplicity is key when creating food content on TikTok,” says MacKenzie Smith, creator of Grilled Cheese Social. ____17____ “My Baked Feta Pasta that went viral(走红) earlier this year is a good example of how simple food trends can take over the social landscape,” says Smith.
Show off kitchen skills
____18____ Film something you do special or share a helpful tip some viewers may not know. Smith, who’s partnering the National Mango Board, says she’s been starting all her videos for the campaign with a demonstration of the best mango cutting technique.
Film from different angles
If you have two smartphones or cameras, try setting them up on tripods(三脚架) at different angles, so you can edit with a diversity of different shots, both overhead and from another good point. Only have one device? No worries. ____19____
Break the rules
Just like cooking, the rules of TikTok are meant to be broken. So if you want your viewers to keep coming back to your videos, never be afraid of trying creative ideas. ____20____ Make what you want to make. Who knows what will become a trend, and what was a waste of your time?
A. Actually, it isn’t as easy as you think.
B. Keep your videos between 30 and 60 seconds.
C. Consider filming your content in natural lighting.
D. Film various parts of your cooking from a few perspectives.
E. That’s because the golden rule of social media is to be creative.
F. An approachable recipe is key to connecting with a larger audience.
G. Before leaping into full-on recipes, consider showing off your cooking skills.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Teenage pilot Zara Rutherford has become the youngest woman to fly around the world solo. The 19-year-old Belgian ____21____ Kortrijk-Wevelgem Airport in western Belgium on Thursday,completing a 41-country journey, spanning over 52,000 kilometers.
“I ____22____ it,” Rutherford, who received a warm welcome on her ____23____, tells reporters.
Not only has she ____24____ the record held by American Shaesta Waiz, who was 30 when she circumnavigated(环游) the globe ____25____ in 2017, Rutherford also now holds the ____26____ for the first woman to circumnavigate the world in a microlight.
____27____, the teenager’s route to glory hasn’t been without ____28____. When Rutherford departed on August 18, 2021, she believed her flight would take about three months. But she was troubled by setbacks, including month-long ____29____ in both Alaska and Russia due to “visa and weather issues”, pushing her schedule back eight weeks. Moreover, she was also forced to make an ____30____ landing in Redding, California due to poor visibility as a result of the wildfires.
“I’d say the ____31____ part was definitely flying over Siberia — it was extremely cold,” says Rutherford. “If the engine were to stall(熄火), I’d be hours away from ____32____ and I don’t know how long I could have survived for.”
Her adventure was intended to ____33____ greater visibility of women in aviation(航空). Last year, Rutherford spoke of her ____34____ at the fact that just 5.1% of airline pilots around the globe are women. She hopes her success will ____35____ more females to consider a career in aviation. “If you don’t try and see how high you can fly, then you’ll never know,” she says.
21. A. worked at B. stared at C. landed at D. wondered at
22. A. rejected B. made C. predicted D. spotted
23. A. journey B. advice C. behalf D. arrival
24. A. beaten B. registered C. witnessed D. revealed
25. A. unaccompanied B. unacknowledged C. unarmed D. unaltered
26. A. position B. view C. title D. power
27. A. Meanwhile B. However C. Additionally D. Therefore
28. A. drills B. prospects C. modes D. challenges
29. A. flights B. preparations C. delays D. attempts
30. A. unacceptable B. unfinished C. unaccountable D. unscheduled
31. A. hardest B. highest C. farthest D. narrowest
32. A. honor B. rescue C. shelter D. comfort
33. A. appreciate B. approve C. embrace D. ensure
34. A. disappointment B. astonishment C. annoyance D. embarrassment
35. A. allow B. intend C. inspire D. select
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every weekend, hundreds of bookworms crowd around Liyuan Library in Jiaojiehe village, a book sanctuary(圣地) surrounded by chestnut, walnut and peach trees ___36___ branches are used to decorate the building.
Deep in ___37___ heart of a rocky valley in the suburb of Beijing, the wooden library sits seemingly in the middle of nowhere. It was ___38___ (careful) designed by Professor Li Xiaodong, from the School of Architecture at Tsinghua University. ___39___ (decorate) with about 40, 000 firewood sticks outside, the bookstore features 10,000 books ranging from literature to history.
The library, which opened in 2012, draws hundreds of visitors every weekend, many of whom ___40___ (attract) by the design. With space ___41___just 40 people at a time, visitors line up ___42___ (enter) the library, which only opens on weekends.
“We have now banned people from ___43___ (take) pictures inside, as some of them come here just for it. They even come in costumes as if they are going to give a ___44___ (perform),” owner Pan Xi complained. “That’s really ___45___ (disturb). We still want to give those who really love reading a quiet and peaceful environment.”
第四部分 写作（共三节 满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华，得知你的英国好友Eric在他所在城市举办的主题为“保护世界野生动植物”的海报设计大赛中荣获一等奖。请给Eric写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 祝贺他获奖；
2. 肯定他付出的努力；
3. 美好祝愿。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
Dear Eric,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
57-year-old Sean Currey knew the value of treating others in the way he intended to be treated. Hence, he lived by that principle in his whole life, which eventually took him off the streets at the right time.
Sean Currey became unemployed during the pandemic, and ended up homeless, searching through dustbins(垃圾桶) around San Rafael, California, to meet his needs. Once, he made an unusual find at the bottom of a dustbin just behind a coffee shop. Looking through the purse, he discovered a series of credit cards, debit cards, healthcare cards and a business card, identifying the purse’s owner as an 80-year-old woman, Evelyn Topper.
Interestingly, the woman lived in Mill Valley, about six miles away from his location. Knowing how discouraging it was to lose one’s possessions, Currey figured he needed to return the purse to its rightful owner. Then Sean Currey gave Topper a call, using the contact details on the business card. His guess was accurate, as the elderly woman had been extremely worried since losing her purse days ago.
According to Evelyn Topper, she stopped by a coffee shop on December 9 to get a hot drink and a bubble tea for her 12-year-old granddaughter. She paid for both drinks and put the purse into her pocket. Unfortunately, the purse fell off somewhere along the way, and by the time she reached home, she discovered her purse was gone.
Evelyn Topper contacted the coffee shop immediately, receiving the heartbreaking news that her purse was not there. Next, she checked her car, and all the rooms in her apartment, but did not find it. Eventually, she concluded the purse must have been dropped somewhere on the way home.
Just when she gave up finding her purse, Topper received Currey’s call. She screamed in delight when she learned he had her purse. They met up immediately in front of a nearby shopping center, where Currey returned the purse. The woman called her daughter and granddaughter, Mikayla Gounard, to tell them what had happened. That was when Mikayla decided to repay Currey’s kindness.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
It was Mikayla’s twelfth birthday.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The money collected at the birthday party changed Currey’s life.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
###############################
听力：1—5 BCBAA 6—10 ACCBA 11—15 CBBCA 16—20 BBACA
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D
【解析】
本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国国内的四个有创意的，特殊的休整的好去处，它们提供以创作和使用技能为主的课程。
1. 细节理解题。根据Drawing, North Yorkshire的第一句“Learn how to create beautiful pen and ink drawings on this four-day art holiday in the North York Moors.（在这个为期四天的艺术假期中，在北约克摩尔学习如何创作美丽的钢笔画）”以及时间“Dates: 25-28 Sept.”可知，该课程为期四天，时间是9月25日至9月28日，因此，如果想要你想要享受四天的假期，可以选择North Yorkshire。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据Chair-making, Leicestershire的“Price: £ 650 per person(including accommodation)（价格：每人650英镑/人，包括住宿）”，Drawing, North Yorkshire的“Price: £ 405 per person(including accommodation and meals)（价格：每人405英镑，包括住宿及膳食）”，Celtic woodturning（木工车床加工）, County Armagh的“Price: £ 238(including meals)（价格：238英镑，含餐费）”，Wildlife photography, Dorset的“Price: £ 475 per person(including accommodation, meals and student fees)（价格：每人475英镑，包括住宿费、餐费和学费）”可知，除了Chair-making, Leicestershire，其他三个课程的价格都包含餐费，故需避开Chair-making, Leicestershire。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章Chair-making, Leicestershire的第一句“Spend a week in the National Forest woodlands learning to make your own chair.（花一周时间在国家森林的林地里学习制作你自己的椅子）”可知，学习制作椅子，可以激发创造力，提高实践技能；Drawing, North Yorkshire第一句“Learn how to create beautiful pen and ink drawings on this four-day art holiday in the North York Moors.（在这个为期四天的艺术假期中，在北约克摩尔学习如何创作美丽的钢笔画）”可知，学习创作美丽的笔墨画，这也可以激发创造力，提高实践技能；Celtic woodturning（木工车床加工）, County Armagh的第二句“The three-night break includes a full-day beginners’ woodturning workshop, where participants make their own bowl from locally sourced wood, learning how to use a lathe(车床), sharpen tools, sand and finish.（三晚的休息包括一个全天的木工初学者工作坊，在这里，参与者用当地的木材制作自己的碗，学习如何使用车床，磨工具，打磨和抛光。）”可知，制作木碗可以培养动手操作能力；Wildlife photography, Dorset的第三句“Led by Emma Healey and Sean Weekly, the course is an opportunity to take advantage of the best light of the day to take wildlife photographs.（由Emma Healey和Sean Weekly领导的这个课程是一个利用白天最好的光线拍摄野生动物照片的机会）”可知，该课程涉学习如何拍摄野生动物照片，同样可以激发创造力和提高实践技能。由此可推知，四个课程的共同特点是都有助于提高参与者的实践技能。故选D项。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者在葡萄牙一个农场上，受主人邀请用自己的相关知识为农场主解决水井泵问题，并得到主人感激的故事。
4. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The farm is located a few kilometers away from Lagos, in a remote location in the hills. It was designed around the idea of connecting nature and technology in a green way and with a self-sustainable approach.（该农场位于距离拉各斯几公里远的山区。它的设计理念是以绿色方式和自我可持续的方式连接自然和技术）”可知，该农场的亮点是它是环保的。故选C。
5. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“When my host learned that I majored in electronics at college, he was very trusting and encouraged me to work on one of the most important issues on the farm — the water well’s pump operation.（当我的主人得知我在大学主修电子专业时，他非常信任我，鼓励我研究农场最重要的问题之一——水井的泵操作）”可知，作者被邀请解决水井泵的操作是因为他有相关的知识。故选D。
6. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I realized that I could make a very positive impact on people’s lives by sharing knowledge to build something useful.（我意识到我可以通过分享知识来构建一些有用的东西，从而对人们的生活产生非常积极的影响）”推知，作者认为自己的志愿者工作是有意的。故选C。
7. 推理判断题。通读全文，本文主要讲述了作者在葡萄牙一个农场上，受主人邀请用自己的相关知识为农场主解决水井泵问题，并得到主人感激的故事。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享一次有趣的经历。故选A。
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，就生命早期的饮食和锻炼长期综合影响进行了研究。研究发现早期的生活锻炼可以减少焦虑行为，增加成年人的肌肉和大脑质量，而高脂肪和高糖的西式饮食不仅能使人变胖，而且在长大成人后更喜欢不健康的食物。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Though diet and exercise are recommended as ways to improve health, new UC Riverside research in mice is the first to examine the long-lasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life.（虽然饮食和运动被推荐为改善健康的方法，但加州大学河滨分校的新研究首次在小鼠中研究了这两种因素在生命早期的长期综合影响。）”可知，综合研究饮食和锻炼对人的影响是新的UCR研究的独特之处。故选C项。
9. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers found that early-life exercise led to reduced anxious behaviors and an increase in adult muscle and brain mass.（研究人员发现，早期的生活锻炼可以减少焦虑行为，增加成年人的肌肉和大脑质量）”可知，早期的生活锻炼可以减少焦虑行为，增加成年人的肌肉和大脑质量。由此可知，早期生活锻炼可减少焦虑，让大脑更平静。故选B项。
10. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“After an additional eight weeks of “washout”, during which all mice were housed without wheels and on a healthy diet, the researchers did a behavioral analysis and measured levels of several different hormones.（在另外八周的“洗漱”后，所有小鼠都被安置在没有轮子的环境中，并以健康的饮食为基础，研究人员进行了行为分析，并测量了几种不同激素的水平）”以及划线单词前的“One of those they measured（他们测量的这些）”可知，those指代第四段最后提到的“hormones（激素）”，而leptin指的是这些激素之一。故选D项。
11. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the microbiome(微生物群) for life, even if they later eat more healthily.（此前，该研究团队发现，儿童时期摄入过多脂肪和糖可以改变一生的微生物群，即使他们以后吃得更健康）”可知，早期的饮食习惯会带来一生的影响；再根据最后一段“This study offers great opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. “Our findings may be related to understanding the potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with overweight,” said Marcell.（这项研究为儿童习惯的健康干预提供了很大的机会。马塞尔说：“我们的发现可能有助于了解与超重相关的活动减少和饮食变化的潜在影响。”）”可知，饮食的变化和锻炼的减少都可能与超重息息相关。综合两段，早期健康习惯很重要。故选A项。
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚新发现的鳄鱼标本。
12. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is the nicest and the bone of the Baru crocodile is the most complete among all that have ever been discovered so far.（这是最好的，并且也是迄今为止所发现的巴鲁鳄鱼的骨头中最完整的。）”可知，这个新标本的骨头保存完好。故选B项。
13. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The current Australian crocodiles are truly new arrivals on the Australian continent. They are part of the genus Crocodylus, which likely has its origins in Africa.（现在的澳大利亚鳄鱼是澳大利亚大陆上真正的新来者。它们是鳄鱼属的一部分，可能起源于非洲。）”可知，澳大利亚鳄鱼可能起源于非洲。故选C项。
14. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Studying the details of the bone will bring hints not only to the altering state of Australia’s environment from ancient times till now, but also to how this specific crocodile varies from other species that are known.（研究这块骨头的细节不仅会给澳大利亚从古代到现在的环境变化状况提供线索，还会给我们带来这种特定鳄鱼与已知的其他物种的不同之处。）”可知，研究新标本的意义是了解澳大利亚环境的变化。故选D项。
15. 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“A new unnamed species of crocodile(鳄鱼) indigenous to Australia has been found in the middle of the outback. The species of crocodile presently on extinction, belonging to the Baru crocodile, is new to experts despite the fact that the animal wandered around the Australian continent 25 million years ago.（澳大利亚内陆中部发现了一种未命名的鳄鱼新品种。目前已经灭绝的巴鲁鳄鱼对专家来说是一种新物种，尽管这种动物在2500万年前曾在澳大利亚大陆游荡。）”可知，本文主要介绍了澳大利亚新发现的鳄鱼标本。故选C项。
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. G 19. D 20. E
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了如何在TikTok上制作烹饪视频。
16. 上文“You may think sharing your cooking videos on TikTok isn’t a big deal.（你可能认为在TikTok上分享你的烹饪视频没什么大不了的。）”说明你可能认为分享视频是很容易的，选项A“实际上，这并不像你想的那么容易。”承接上文，转折语义，说明这并不像你想的那么容易。故选A项。
17. 上文小标题“Keep it simple（保持简单）”和下文“My Baked Feta Pasta that went viral(走红) earlier this year is a good example of how simple food trends can take over the social landscape.（今年早些时候，我的烤羊肉通心粉走红了，这是一个很好的例子，说明了简单的食品趋势可以如何影响社会。）”说明烹饪的食物不必过于复杂，往往简单的食品更受欢迎，选项F“容易理解的食谱是吸引更多观众的关键。”符合本段主题，说明容易理解的食谱更吸引观众。故选F项。
18. 上文小标题“Show off kitchen skills（展示厨房技能）”建议展示厨房技能，选项G“在大谈菜谱之前，考虑炫耀一下你的厨艺。”承接小标题，贴合主题，建议炫耀一下厨艺。故选G项。
19. 上文小标题“Film from different angles（不同角度拍摄）”建议从不同角度拍摄，选项D“从几个角度拍摄你烹饪的各个部分。”呼应小标题，贴合主题，建议从几个角度拍摄。故选D项。
20. 上文“So if you want your viewers to keep coming back to your videos, never be afraid of trying creative ideas.（所以，如果你想让你的观众不断回到你的视频，永远不要害怕尝试创造性的想法。）”说明视频要有创造性，选项E“这是因为社交媒体的黄金法则就是要有创造力。”承接上文，强调创造力在社交媒体上的重要性。故选E项。
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了19岁的比利时人卢瑟福独自驾驶超轻型飞机完成了跨越41个国家、跨越5.2万公里的旅程，打破了美国人沙斯塔·维兹于2017年30岁时一人环球航行的纪录，也成为了首位超轻型飞机环球航行的女性，她希望以此来激励更多的女性参与到航空事业中。
21. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这名19岁的比利时人于周四降落在比利时西部的Kortrijk-Wevelgem机场，完成了跨越41个国家、跨越5.2万公里的旅程。A. worked at从事；B. stared at盯着；C. landed at降落在；D. wondered at对……感到吃惊。根据本句中的completing a 41-country journey, spanning over 52,000 kilometers，可知，Rutherford完成了飞行，最后降落（landed at）在机场。故选C项。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一抵达就受到了热烈欢迎，卢瑟福告诉记者：“我成功了。”A. rejected拒绝；B. made制造；C. predicted预测；D. spotted发现。根据上文“The 19-year-old Belgian ____1____ Kortrijk-Wevelgem Airport in western Belgium on Thursday, completing a 41-country journey, spanning over 52,000 kilometers.（这名19岁的比利时人于周四降落在比利时西部的Kortrijk-Wevelgem机场，完成了跨越41个国家、跨越5.2万公里的旅程。）”可知，Rutherford成功地完成了这次飞行，抵达终点。此处考查固定短语make it，意为“达到预定目标；及时抵达；走完路程”。故选B项。
23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一抵达就受到热烈欢迎，卢瑟福告诉记者：“我成功了。”A. journey旅程；B. advice建议；C. behalf代表；D. arrival到达。介词on意为“一……就……”，on arrival，为固定短语，意为“一达到就……”，根据上文“The 19-year-old Belgian ____1____ Kortrijk-Wevelgem Airport in western Belgium on Thursday, completing a 41-country journey, spanning over 52,000 kilometers.（这名19岁的比利时人于周四降落在比利时西部的Kortrijk-Wevelgem机场，完成了跨越41个国家、跨越5.2万公里的旅程。）”可知，飞机一降落，即卢瑟福一到达（arrival）机场就受到了热烈欢迎。故选D项。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：卢瑟福不仅打破了美国人沙斯塔·维兹于2017年30岁时一人环球航行的纪录，现在还成为了首位超轻型飞机环球航行的女性。A. beaten打，击败，战胜；B. registered注册；C. witnessed目击；D. revealed揭露。根据第一段第一句“Teenage pilot Zara Rutherford has become the youngest woman to fly around the world solo.（青少年飞行员扎拉·卢瑟福成为最年轻的单人环球飞行女性。）”可知，卢瑟福打破（beaten）了前人的纪录，是最年轻的女飞行员。beat the record，意为“打破记录”，故选A项。
25. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卢瑟福不仅打破了美国人沙斯塔·维兹于2017年30岁时一人环球航行的纪录，现在还成为了首位超轻型飞机环球航行的女性。A. unaccompanied无人陪伴的；B. unacknowledged未被承认的；C. unarmed无武装的；D. unaltered未被改变的。根据第一段的第一句“Teenage pilot Zara Rutherford has become the youngest woman to fly around the world solo.（青少年飞行员扎拉·卢瑟福成为最年轻的单人环球飞行女性。）”中的solo可知，卢瑟福的这次独自一人环球飞行，飞机上没有旁人陪伴（unaccompanied）着她，她跟同样是独自环球飞行的沙斯塔·维兹比，年龄更小。故选A项。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：卢瑟福不仅打破了美国人沙斯塔·维兹于2017年30岁时一人环球航行的纪录，现在还成为了首位超轻型飞机环球航行的女性。A. position立场；B. view观点；C. title称号，头衔；D. power权力。卢瑟福是第一个开超轻型飞机环球航行的女性，因此获得此头衔（title）。hold the title，为固定短语，意为“拥有头衔”。故选C项。
27. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个少年的荣耀之路并非没有挑战。A. Meanwhile同时；B. However然而；C. Additionally另外；D. Therefore因此。根据下文“But she was troubled by setbacks, including month-long ____9____ in both Alaska and Russia due to ‘visa and weather issues’, pushing her schedule back eight weeks. Moreover, she was also forced to make an ____10____ landing in Redding, California due to poor visibility as a result of the wildfires.（但她受到挫折的困扰，包括在阿拉斯加和俄罗斯因‘签证和天气问题’而长达一个月的延误，使她的行程推迟了8周。此外，由于野火导致的能见度低，她还被迫临时降落在加州的雷丁。）”可知，这次飞行过程中，卢瑟福遭遇了很多挑战，与前文的成功抵达的结果之间为转折关系，应用副词however。故选B项。
28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个少年的荣耀之路并非没有挑战。A. drills钻探；B. prospects前景；C. modes模式；D. challenges挑战。根据下文“But she was troubled by setbacks, including month-long ____9____ in both Alaska and Russia due to ‘visa and weather issues’, pushing her schedule back eight weeks. Moreover, she was also forced to make an ____10____ landing in Redding, California due to poor visibility as a result of the wildfires.（但她受到挫折的困扰，包括在阿拉斯加和俄罗斯因‘签证和天气问题’而长达一个月的延误，使她的行程推迟了8周。此外，由于野火导致的能见度低，她还被迫临时降落在加州的雷丁。）”可知，卢瑟福在这次飞行中遭遇了各种诸如签证、天气问题、能见度问题等的挑战（challenges），故选D项。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她受到挫折的困扰，包括在阿拉斯加和俄罗斯因“签证和天气问题”而长达一个月的延误，使她的行程推迟了8周。A. flights航班；B. preparations准备工作；C. delays延误；D. attempts尝试。根据本句中的“pushing her schedule back eight weeks”可知，途中在阿拉斯加和俄罗斯因“签证和天气问题”，无法继续前行，行程被推迟了8周，因此被延误耽搁（delays）。故选C项。
30. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于野火导致的能见度低，她还被迫临时降落在加州的雷丁。A. unacceptable不可接受的；B. unfinished未完成的；C. unaccountable无法理解的，不负责任的；D. unscheduled事先未安排的。句中的due to poor visibility as a result of the wildfires可知，卢瑟福本应该按计划一路前行，但途中发生山火，导致了空中能见度降低，使她不得不临时降落，这次降落不在计划中，unscheduled符合语意。故选D项。
31. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想说最困难的部分肯定是在西伯利亚上空飞行——那里非常寒冷。A. hardest最困难的；B. highest最高的；C. farthest最远的；D. narrowest最窄的。根据下文“If the engine were to stall(熄火), I’d be hours away from ____12____ and I don’t know how long I could have survived for.（如果引擎熄火，我离救援到达要好几个小时，我不知道我还能活多久。）”以及本句的extremely cold可知，卢瑟福还在遭西伯利亚遭遇了极寒天气，这是众多挑战中最难的（hardest），甚至关系到她的生死。故选A项。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果引擎熄火，我离救援到达要好几个小时，我不知道我还能活多久。A. honor荣誉；B. rescue救援；C. shelter庇护所；D. comfort舒适。根据上句“I’d say the ____11____ part was definitely flying over Siberia — it was extremely cold,（我想说最困难的部分肯定是在西伯利亚上空飞行——那里非常寒冷。）”，本句中的the engine were to stall，以及I don’t know how long I could have survived for.可知，卢瑟福如果在西伯利亚遭遇飞机引擎熄火，那么救援人员要花好几个小时才能到达她所在的地方来搭救她。rescue符合语意。故选B项。
33. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的冒险是为了确保女性在航空领域有更大的知名度。A. appreciate欣赏；B. approve批准；C. embrace拥抱；D. ensure确保。根据下文“Last year, Rutherford spoke of her ____14____ at the fact that just 5.1% of airline pilots around the globe are women. She hopes her success will ____15____ more females to consider a career in aviation.（去年，卢瑟福谈到了一个令她失望的事实：全球只有5.1%的飞行员是女性。她希望自己的成功能激励更多女性考虑从事航空事业。）”可知，卢瑟福觉得全球的女飞行员的数量太少了，希望更多的女性都参与进来，她的这次飞行的目的就是用自己的亲身经历来提高女性在这个行业中的知名度，吸引更多女性参与，ensure符合语意。故选D项。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，卢瑟福谈到了一个令她失望的事实：全球只有5.1%的飞行员是女性。A. disappointment失望；B. astonishment惊讶；C. annoyance烦恼；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据本句中的the fact that just 5.1% of airline pilots around the globe are women，以及下句“She hopes her success will ____15____ more females to consider a career in aviation.（她希望自己的成功能激励更多女性考虑从事航空事业。）”可知，这个女性飞行员的比例令卢瑟福失望（disappointment），所以才希望激励更多的女性参与从事航空事业。故选A项。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她希望自己的成功能激励更多女性考虑从事航空事业。A. allow允许；B. intend打算；C. inspire激励，鼓舞；D. select选择。根据前文“Teenage pilot Zara Rutherford has become the youngest woman to fly around the world solo. The 19-year-old Belgian ____1____ Kortrijk-Wevelgem Airport in western Belgium on Thursday,completing a 41-country journey, spanning over 52,000 kilometers.（青少年飞行员扎拉·卢瑟福成为最年轻的单人环球飞行女性。这名19岁的比利时人于周四降落在比利时西部的Kortrijk-Wevelgem机场，完成了跨越41个国家、跨越5.2万公里的旅程。）”可知，19岁的卢瑟福历经重重困难，独自飞行，并成功抵达目的地，这个经历会对更多的女性产生激励（inspire）作用，投入到航空事业中。故选C项。
【答案】
36. whose
37. the
38. carefully
39. Decorated
40. are attracted
41. for
42. to enter
43. taking
44. performance
45. disturbing
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于北京郊区一个岩石山谷深处的图书馆——梨园图书馆。
36. 考查定语从句。句意：每个周末，数百名书虫聚集在焦街河村的梨园图书馆周围，这是一个图书圣地，周围环绕着栗树、核桃树和桃树，这些树的树枝用来装饰建筑。空处引导定语从句，先行词是trees，从句缺少定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
37. 考查冠词。句意：在北京郊区一个岩石山谷的深处，木制图书馆似乎坐落在一个不知名的地方。此处特指北京郊区一个岩石山谷的深处，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
38. 考查副词。句意：它由清华大学建筑学院的李晓东教授精心设计。修饰谓语动词was designed应用副词。故填carefully。
39. 考查非谓语动词。句意：书店外面装饰着大约40000根木柴，有10000本从文学到历史的书籍。句中已有谓语动词features且无连词，故空处应填非谓语动词，decorate和逻辑主语the bookstore之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填Decorated。
40. 考查时态和语态。句意：该图书馆于2012年开放，每个周末都吸引数百名游客，其中许多人都被设计吸引。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，且复数主语many of whom（whom指代visitors）和attract之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are attracted。
41. 考查介词。句意：由于一次只能容纳40人，游客排队进入图书馆，图书馆只在周末开放。结合句意表示“容纳……的空间，给……的空间”为space for。故填for。
42. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。结合句意，游客排队的目的是进入图书馆，表目的应用不定式。故填to enter。
43. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们现在已经禁止人们在里面拍照，因为一些人来这里只是为了拍照。ban sb. from doing sth.“禁止某人做某事”，应用动名词作介词from的宾语。故填taking。
44. 考查名词。句意：他们甚至穿着戏服来，好像要表演一样。此处应填名词作宾语，performance“表演”符合题意，冠词a提示用单数。故填performance。
45. 考查形容词。句意：这真令人不安。作表语，表示事件的特征，应用disturbing“令人不安的”。故填disturbing。
【答案】Dear Eric,
Learning that you were awarded first prize in the poster design competition held in your city, with the theme “Protecting the World’s Wildlife”, I’m writing to offer my congratulations to you.
I think it is a prize that you deserve. First of all, you have a talent for art. Secondly, your rich imagination is one of the advantages over other competitors. Furthermore, you have been interested in wildlife from an early age, which makes your work stand out among the posters.
Please accept my congratulations again. I wish you every success in the future.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“英国好友Eric在他所在城市举办的主题为‘保护世界野生动植物’的海报设计大赛中荣获一等奖”一事，给Eric写一封电子邮件，肯定他付出的努力，向他表示祝贺。
1. 词汇积累
比赛：competition→contest
对……有天赋：have a talent for→have a gift for
此外：furthermore→what’s more
对……感兴趣：be interested in→take interest in
2. 句式拓展
同义句
原句：I wish you every success in the future.
拓展句：May you succeed in the future.
【点睛】高分句型1：Learning that you were awarded first prize in the poster design competition held in your city, with the theme “Protecting the World’s Wildlife”, I’m writing to offer my congratulations to you.（运用了现在分词作状语，that引导的宾语从句和过去分词短语做后置定语）
高分句型2：Furthermore, you have been interested in wildlife from an early age, which makes your work stand out among the posters.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【答案】One possible version:
It was Mikayla’s twelfth birthday. Determined to reward Currey’s kindness, Mikayla urged her invited relatives and friends to send donations instead of gifts. She decided to direct her kind gesture to the homeless man. As a result, Mikayla ended up raising $475 at her birthday party. As more people continued showing their willingness to help, Mikayla’s mom created a GoFundMe page for the man, gathering up to $30,000.
The money collected at the birthday party changed Currey’s life. He never imagined that his honesty would be rewarded in such a pleasant way. He was very happy with the result because he needn’t go cold and hungry for a long time. With the money, he could find a room to live in. Besides, moved by his honesty, an employer approached him and offered him a job in his company. Hopefully, his gesture of honesty would encourage more people to do the right thing.
【解析】
本文以Sean Currey“以自己希望被对待的方式对待他人”的为人处世原则为前提，讲述了他捡到Evelyn Topper的钱包并归还，而Evelyn Topper的孙女Mikayla Gounard感激Sean Currey的善良并决定回报他的故事来展开。
1. 段落续写
根据第一段首句“正好是Mikayla的12岁生日”可知，接下来可描写孙女Mikayla在12岁生日之际是怎样回报Sean Currey的善良的。
根据第二段首句“在生日聚会上筹集的钱改变了Currey的人生”可知，Mikayla在她生日聚会上成功地为Curry筹集了钱，接着可以写这些钱是如何改变Currey的人生的。
2. 续写线索：孙女Mikayla决定报答Currey——Mikayla在生日聚会上为Currey筹钱——Mikayla建立网页以寻求更多人的帮助——钱款改善Currey的生活
3. 词类激活
行为类
①邀请某人做某事：invite sb. to do sth.
②继续做某事：continue doing sth.
③鼓励某人做某事：encourage sb. to do sth.
情感类
①满意的：happy
②有希望地：hopefully
【点睛】高分句型1：As more people continued showing their willingness to help, Mikayla’s mom created a GoFundMe page for the man, gathering up to $30,000.（运用了as引导原因状语从句）
高分句型2：He never imagined that his honesty would be rewarded in such a pleasant way.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
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