江苏省南京市中华中学2022-2023学年高三上学期大练（2）英语试题含答案

这是一份江苏省南京市中华中学2022-2023学年高三上学期大练（2）英语试题含答案，共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，告知信/通知，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
A
There are many idims in English. An idim is a phrase that we can’t understand frm the meaning f each wrd. The fllwing are sme f them.
As the crw flies
When a bird flies frm place t place, it takes the mst direct rute. But when peple drive, they have t fllw rads and ften g farther. When peple give a distance “as the crw flies”, they mean the shrtest distance between the tw pints, nt the distance yu wuld have t travel by fllwing rads.
As Dan and his mum drve alng the river, they culd see the beach n the ppsite side, Dan asked, “Hw far is it t the beach?”
“It’s nly abut a quarter f a mile as the crw flies,” his mther said.
Blw ht and cld
In ne f Aesp’s Fables, a man blws n his fingers t warm them up and then blws n his sup t cl it dwn. In bth cases, the man is pening his muth, but what cmes ut is different. If a persn says ne thing and later says the ppsite, we say that the persn is blwing ht and cld.
“Is Felicia ging t try ut fr the sccer team this year?” Stacy asked.
“I dn’t knw,” Tricia replied. “Last week she was saying yes, but this week she’s saying n. She’s really blwing ht and cld.”
Break the ice
Nwadays peple use the phrase t refer t ending an awkward silence by beginning a cnversatin.
It was the first day f summer camp. The fur girls began t make their beds in silence. Nne f the girls knew each ther, and n ne knew what t say. Finally, ne f them brke the ice by saying “Hey, where’s everybdy frm?”
Bury the hatchet
In native American culture, when tw natins agreed t end their war, they buried the hatchet. S t bury the hatchet is t make peace with smene else.
Clin culd nt excuse his sister fr breaking his tennis racket. Finally, his sister said, “Clin, can’t we bury the hatchet?”
1. What des “as the crw flies” mean?
A. By plane.B. At tp speed.
C. in a straight line.D. In the smthest way.
2. Which can be used t describe peple’s changing attitudes?
A. As the crw flies.B. Blw ht and cld.
C. Break the ice.D. Bury the hatchet.
3. Where can we prbably see this passage?
A. In a fictin stry.B. In an academic thesis.
C. In a students’ magazine.D. On a cmmercial leaflet.
B
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a frequent tpic f cnversatin fr mst f us ver the past year. As we dreamt f indr dining, vacatins ,and hugging ur friends again, my friend Ana texted that her mther, living in Brazil, had been infected by the crnavirus. I wn’t g int details here, but the disruptin t life in Brazil have been especially upsetting cnsidering their scial and cultural nrms(规范).
Ana is Brazilian, and I’m frm the US. While living in New Yrk City, we became fast friends despite the few awkward cultural differences I learned t deal with. She was cmfrtable with intimacy; I preferred t keep my distance. She liked the cmpany f many; I liked the friendship f few. It was awkward fr me t lean in fr a quick hug, nly t be embraced then kissed n the cheeks. T this day, I’m nt an excellent cheek kisser, but I try. She is ne f many peple ver the years wh have educated me, in a way, abut delighting in cultural differences.
I called Ana t check n her mther and I was primarily curius abut hw scial and cultural nrms have been affected. It’s difficult, said Ana, because the necessary health regulatins are ppsite t “what we believe and everything we knw abut living in a cmmunity and displaying feelings f lve”, but she hasn’t given up hpe. I asked if the shifts made during the pandemic will change cultural nrms. “Abslutely nt,” said Ana. This is wh Brazilians are in nature and change desn’t happen vernight. They spend a lt f time and energy investing in relatinships, and the deeply rted scial cnventins wn’t change quickly.
Over the years, Ana has shared many stries that emphasize the differences in ur upbringing. I delight in ur differences, even if kissing n the cheek makes me uncmfrtable. We find ur cmmnalities, like talking with ur hands, being expressive, and valuing cmmunity. And we learn frm ur differences. COVID disrupted many things, but thrugh all f this, Ana said, we must cnstantly be adjusting, understanding, and ding what’s best fr ur cmmunities and the peple we lve.
4. Which f the fllwing wrds can best replace the underlined wrd in Paragraph 1?
A. Adjustment.B. Disturbance.C. Cmmitment.D. Preference.
5. What can we learn abut Ana frm Paragraph 2?
A. She is gd at educating ther peple.
B. She enjys the clse cntact with thers.
C. She prefers t stay alne in her wn cmfrt zne.
D. It tk a lng time fr her t make friends with me.
6. Why desn’t Ana think the pandemic will change scial and cultural nrms?
A. Because the Brazilians are brn t be sciable.
B. Because the scial cnventins are easy t change.
C. Because the health regulatins cnsist with her beliefs.
D. Because Brazilians rarely value investment in relatinships.
7. What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. My Attitude twards FriendshipB. A Valuable Lessn in the Pandemic
C. The Influence f COVID-19 n LifeD. My Acceptance f Cultural Differences
C
Whether yu’re interested in green agriculture and rainfrest cnservatin r supprting sustainable surces, rganizatins wrldwide are investing time and effrt int varius envirnmental prtectin prjects. Vlunteers are always needed t help with the different initiatives t prtect the envirnment.
The past years has been bthered by an endless reprt f natural disasters ccurring in gegraphically weak lcatins. Flds are affecting the places that previusly never faced this prblem while heat waves, drughts and earthquakes are becming the nrm. Imprtant wildlife and plant species are disappearing and threatening the planet’s bidiversity. Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund(WWF), there are ther prblems: defrestatin, pllutin, water scarcity, illegal fishing and wildlife trade.
The nging industrializatin and the lack f awareness are taking its tll(毁坏) and it’s time fr that t change. Mst peple remain inactive, believing small changes wn’t make a difference. Hwever, there are many ways t help. Small changes carried ut by sme peple d make a difference.
Excellent examples f this are rganizatins that believe small initiatives have a significant impact. These prjects arc grwing steadily and psitively affecting the envirnmental cnservatin and influencing the lcal cmmunity. They are creating awareness amng thers and helping them understand the imprtance f envirnmental cnservatin while creating vlunteer pprtunities t help the envirnment.
The rganizatins will learn valuable skills abut envirnmental cnservatins but mst imprtantly, they are mving twards change. There are enugh envirnmental vlunteer pprtunities that need yur help and there’s n time t waste! Cntinue reading abut envirnmental vlunteer prgrams abrad and take steps tward envirnmental cnservatin.
There are plenty f ptins nce yu decide t becme an envirnmental vlunteer. The tasks will depend n the prject yu have decided t vlunteer with and can vary greatly. With ver 130 prjects fcusing n the envirnment, yu’ll find prjects that match bth yur skill set and travel preference.
8. What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A. The threats the earth is facing.
B. The influence f natural disasters.
C. The need t knw natural disasters.
D. The difficulty in prtecting the earth.
9. Hw d mst peple respnd t envirnmental prblems?
A. They try t find ways.
B. They keep sitting by.
C. They start t get invlved.
D. They make small changes.
10. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. It’s easier said than dne.
B. It’ll be all right n the night.
C. Where there’s life, there is hpe.
D. There is n time like the present.
11. What’s the purpse f the passage?
A. T call n peple t be envirnmental vlunteers.
B. T shw the serius prblems f the envirnment.
C. T discuss the ways f envirnmental cnservatin.
D. T explain the reasns fr prtecting the envirnment.
D
Fr sme peple, higher educatin is nt just a gal in life, but als an expectatin. In the United States, if yur parents attended a cllege r university, there is a gd chance that yu will, t. Even if yur parents did nt g t cllege, yu still have a gd chance f cmpleting higher educatin if yur family is wealthy.
But yur chances are reduced if yu cme frm a needy family, a cmmunity with limited educatinal resurces r yu simply have n ne t fllw as an example.
Helping thse in need is ne f the main ideas behind a strategy f behaviral science called nudge thery r nudging. Nudging is a way f changing peple’s behavir thrugh indirect suggestins and by supprting psitive actins.
A grwing number f U.S. clleges and universities lk t nudging as a way t supprt pr, minrity and first-generatin students. They are als using it t increase verall graduatin rates. Tw cmmn frms f nudging are emails t students and text messages t their mbile phnes. Schls and ther educatinal rganizatins keep in cntact with students this way, ffering advice and help when needed.
Hwever, Alejandra Acsta—a higher educatin plicy expert at New America — ntes that there are several qualities a nudge campaign must pssess in rder t be successful.
Acsta says messages must be timely, meaning they reach cllege students well befre the date by which a student is required t take actin. Additinally, nudges shuld be written clearly and prvide as much infrmatin as pssible. If students start t struggle in class, schl fficials shuld nt just message them, saying they shuld seek academic supprt. The message shuld give infrmatin abut what kinds f supprt the cllege r university ffers and exactly hw the student can make use f them. That is why nudges shuld pssess interactive qualities, Acsta says. Fr example, students shuld be able t ask questins f schl fficials r be directed t a website fr mre infrmatin. In additin, clleges and universities must ensure their supprt services are in place and wrking as best as they can.
When nudges wrk, they can d a lt f gd. In 2018, a nnprfit grup launched a nudging campaign at fur U.S. cmmunity clleges. They wrked with nearly 10,000 first-year students at three such clleges in Ohi and ne in Virginia. A recent study fund that lder and minrity students wh agreed t receive these nudges were 16 t 20 percent mre likely t cntinue int their secnd year than thse wh did nt.
12. Wh is mst likely t receive and cmplete higher educatin accrding t the passage?
A. Jimmy, whse mther is a wrker in a small factry.
B. Tny, whse father is the nly breadwinner in the family.
C. Cathy, whse parents didn’t attend cllege but perated a prfitable cmpany.
D. Betty, whse grandmther is a husemaid f a famus university prfessr.
13. What d we knw abut nudging?
A. It ffers cncrete and direct advice.
B. It is a way t imprve peple’s mind.
C. It is anchred in psychlgical science.
D. It wrks by virtue f electrnic devices.
14. Ideal message qualities f nudging are ______.
A. timely, practical and interactive
B. timely, interactive and sustainable
C. immediate, cnsistent and authentic
D. immediate, cmmunicative and permanent
15. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The prblem with higher educatin.
B. The ppularity f nudging campaign.
C. A way fr clleges t supprt students.
D. A natinal campaign dealing with pverty.
二、七选五
It’s cmmn t see a barista create cffee art(咖啡拉花). ____16____ Han Zheming, a 40-year-ld Shanghai resident, has managed t perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, r dian cha in Chinese, which is a famus ritual(仪式) during the Sng Dynasty. “It is similar t the fam n tp f a cup f cffee, except that it is made f tea rather than milk.”
____17____ After hundreds f years f evlutin, it thrived thrughut the Sng Dynasty, when tea had becme a necessity fr almst everyne, just like ther items as rice, il and salt. In the eyes f peple f that time, gd tea shuld be white and fine. ____18____
Han has been fascinated by the culture and art f the Sng Dynasty, and has engaged in its artistic practices since childhd. His mther lves traditinal culture and he has been leaning tward it under her influence. Han is curius abut the patterns created n the tea fam and he ften ges t museums t bserve Sng paintings. “Usually, it takes a year f practice fr ne t fully grasp tea-whisking.” ____19____ Nw, he can deliver a piece f tea-whisking art in “ne take”.
“It’s like adding bells and whistles t tea and giving peple a strnger sense f ccasin, s drinking tea is mre fun,” Han says. ____20____ “As well as the pems, calligraphy and paintings that were-created back then, I want mre peple t understand the items used t drink tea, and the culture behind the ways peple prepared tea.”
A. It is thrugh trial and errr that Han gets ging.
B. Hwever, it’s a whle different ballgame ding same thing with tea.
C. Hwever, the pattern n cffee fam will last fr up t nly an hur.
D. Chinese tea culture started t enjy ppularity during the Tang Dynasty.
E. The better the tea, the whiter it shuld be, and the lnger the fam shuld last.
F. Applying the thery t practice prves t be quite different frm his imaginatin.
G. It’s als his intentin t bring the ld ritual and culture back fr mre peple t appreciate.
三、完形填空
Getting birthday gifts as a dad can be a great time, especially if yu can give ideas n what yu want ____21____. Yu may think I’m a bit ideal, but I’m talking specifically abut smething that yu as a dad will always ____22____. I have tw teenagers and they bth asked me ____23____ I wanted fr my birthday early this year. Well, I had just bught a DVD player, s I thught abut sme DVDs I might want, I als ____24____ sme bks I had been wanting t read and s n. But then I began t ____25____: what culd they give me that wuld be a ____26____ we bth wuld appreciate?
S I decided n phts and stries. I asked my sn t ____27____ a cllectin f phts that he thught I wuld like. He did a great jb and nw I have a pleasant ____28____ f ur time tgether when he was a tddler crawling arund, an 8-year-ld with a frnt tth ____29____ and a few thers when he was beynd cute! He had a gd time picking them ut and I have a gd time lking at them. A _____30_____ yu culd say fr bth f us! _____31_____, it nly cst him the price f a frame.
I then asked my daughter t write dwn a _____32_____ f us and put sme thughts t it. It is a perfect gift as well. It will always make me feel _____33_____ and it will last frever!
Bth gifts were inexpensive but will lighten my heart any time I _____34_____ them. Being a dad has many great _____35_____ and making them easier t remember is priceless.
21. A. aheadB. arundC. nrmallyD. indirectly
22. A. imagineB. treasureC. envyD. ignre
23. A. whichB. whetherC. hwD. what
24. A. requiredB. cnsideredC. preferredD. intrduced
25. A. wnderB. askC. answerD. tell
26. A. phtB. bkC. giftD. stry
27. A. put tgetherB. check utC. hand inD. set aside
28. A. impressinB. experienceC. witnessD. reminder
29. A. achingB. grwingC. missingD. changing
30. A. n-nB. win-winC. gameD. hbby
31. A. HweverB. PlusC. OtherwiseD. Nevertheless
32. A. nteB. diaryC. reprtD. memry
33. A. jyfulB. lstC. relaxedD. upset
34. A. lk intB. hpe frC. care abutD. refer t
35. A. ideasB. hnrsC. mmentsD. duties
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has the wrld’s largest number f wrld natural heritage sites, accrding t the Natinal Frestry and Grassland Administratin. The cuntry is nw hme____36____ 14 wrld natural heritage sites and fur mixed sites, ____37____ are nted fr bth cultural and natural features, bth leading the wrld in terms f quantity, the administratin said. These heritage sites ____38____ (effective) prtected China’s representative gelgical relics, muntains, frests and lakes, alng with the rare and ____39____ (endanger) animal and plant species, the administratin said Friday at ____40____ news cnference regarding cultural and natural heritage day, which ____41____ (fall) n June 8. In the past few years, the cuntry ____42____ (enhance) legal, and technlgical supprt f the prtectin f its wrld natural heritage, establishing a management system with Chinese characteristics. China’s wrld heritage has cntributed t the cuntry’s sciecnmic develpment ____43____ presented its image t the wrld. These areas have als played an imprtant rle in the prtectin f cultural relics, intangible cultural heritage and histric cities, twns and villages, ____44____ (bring) in ver 14 billin yuan in average annual turism incme fr ____45____ (lcal).
五、告知信/通知
你校将组织本部和国际部的学生进行为期三天的学农活动（9月3日-5日），假如你是学生会主席李华，请拟一封告知信给全体同学，内容包括：
1. 参加学农活动的目的；
2. 三天活动的安排；
3. 表达期望。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
学农：agricultural field trip
Dear fellw students,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Student Unin
六、读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I culdn’t bear it any lnger! My best friend had gne fr lunch with the mst ppular girl in class, leaving me t eat my tuna sandwich alne in the library. Wrse still, during dance class, my partner, a by, refused t hld my hand and bad muthed me behind my back, further feeding my anger. It was, withut a dubt, my wrst day in schl. I was hurt and mad, and lking fr a target t release my anger.
When I gt hme frm schl , Mther had baked peanut butter ckies and piled them up n a plate. She even artfully decrated each ne with ryal icing and tpped it with sugar. “Culdn’t yu have made chclate. chip?” I said mdily. “I culd have,” she replied frm the laundry rm, “but I made peanut butter nes. Eat them while they’re still ht, sweetie.” Althugh I thught Mther was rather unthughtful, I caved in and tk a few bites unwillingly in the end. Later, when she pulled a grilled chicken frm the ven and sang a merry tune, I smehw gt annyed again — Never mind that Mther had busied herself the whle afternn with the cking just t put this ht meal n the table. I wanted hamburgers.
“Nbdy even likes that kind f fd, Mum! Why didn’t yu make hamburgers?” I cmplained. Mther tk a deep breath, ran her fingers thrugh her messy hair and lked int my eyes with a puzzled lk. “Sweetheart, yu’ve never cmplained abut having it befre. What’s up?” she said matter-f-factly.
It was frm there that all went dwnhill. I screamed and cmplained nnstp until Mther hit her limit. Unable t cntain her anger,” N dinner fr yu! G t bed nw !”she explded. It was the first time that Mther had gt mad at me. Nbdy seemed t care abut me, including my belved mther! Ultimately, we had a shuting match in the hallway. I strmed t my bedrm, anger munting up within me.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I screamed and wept bitterly in bed.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Then a thick, juicy smell f hamburgers greeted my nse.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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1. C; 2. B; 3. C
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个英语中常见的习语。
1. 细节理解题。根据“As the crw flies”部分关键句“When peple give a distance ‘as the crw flies’, they mean the shrtest distance between the tw pints, nt the distance yu wuld have t travel by fllwing rads.”（当人们给出“as the crw flies”的距离时，他们的意思是两点之间的最短距离，而不是你必须沿着道路行驶的距离）可知，“as the crw flies”指的是两点之间的最短距离，两点之间的最短距离是直线，由此可知，“as the crw flies”的意思是成直线地。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据“Blw ht and cld”部分关键句“If a persn says ne thing and later says the ppsite, we say that the persn is blwing ht and cld.”（如果一个人说了一件事，后来却说了相反的话，我们就说这个人反复无常）可知，“Blw ht and cld”用来表示一个人反复无常的态度，之前说了一件事，后来却说了相反的话，由此可知，“Blw ht and cld”可以用来描述人们不断变化的态度。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。通读文章，结合第一段内容“There are many idims in English. An idim is a phrase that we can’t understand frm the meaning f each wrd. The fllwing are sme f them.”（英语中有许多习语。习语是我们无法从每个单词的意思中理解的短语。以下是其中的一些）可知，文章主要介绍了英语中一些常见的习语，由此可知，这与英语语言学习有关，我们可能在一本学生杂志上看到这篇文章。故选C项。
1. C; 2. B; 3. C
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个英语中常见的习语。
1. 细节理解题。根据“As the crw flies”部分关键句“When peple give a distance ‘as the crw flies’, they mean the shrtest distance between the tw pints, nt the distance yu wuld have t travel by fllwing rads.”（当人们给出“as the crw flies”的距离时，他们的意思是两点之间的最短距离，而不是你必须沿着道路行驶的距离）可知，“as the crw flies”指的是两点之间的最短距离，两点之间的最短距离是直线，由此可知，“as the crw flies”的意思是成直线地。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据“Blw ht and cld”部分关键句“If a persn says ne thing and later says the ppsite, we say that the persn is blwing ht and cld.”（如果一个人说了一件事，后来却说了相反的话，我们就说这个人反复无常）可知，“Blw ht and cld”用来表示一个人反复无常的态度，之前说了一件事，后来却说了相反的话，由此可知，“Blw ht and cld”可以用来描述人们不断变化的态度。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。通读文章，结合第一段内容“There are many idims in English. An idim is a phrase that we can’t understand frm the meaning f each wrd. The fllwing are sme f them.”（英语中有许多习语。习语是我们无法从每个单词的意思中理解的短语。以下是其中的一些）可知，文章主要介绍了英语中一些常见的习语，由此可知，这与英语语言学习有关，我们可能在一本学生杂志上看到这篇文章。故选C项。
4. B; 5. B; 6. A; 7. D
本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一名美国人，在与巴西友人安娜的相处中，她了解到虽然疫情在一定程度上影响了巴西人的生活，但是根植的传统文化是不会轻易改变的，得益于与安娜多年的友谊，作者学会了求同存异，最后欣然接受了文化差异。
4. 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“I wn’t g int details here, but the disruptin t life in Brazil have been especially upsetting cnsidering their scial and cultural nrms(规范).（在这里我就不细说了，但考虑到巴西的社会和文化规范，这种对生活的disruptin尤其令人不安）”句中have been especially upsetting可推知，划线词是指对生活造成打扰或破坏 ，所以尤其令人不安。结合选项，划线词与disturbance意思相近，意为“扰乱，干扰”。故选B项。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“She was cmfrtable with intimacy; I preferred t keep my distance.（她对亲密无间感到很自在；我宁愿保持距离）”可知，即便有新冠疫情的影响，安娜仍喜欢与人亲近。故选B项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第三段“I asked if the shifts made during the pandemic will change cultural nrms. ‘Abslutely nt,’ said Ana. This is wh Brazilians are in nature and change desn’t happen vernight. They spend a lt f time and energy investing in relatinships, and the deeply rted scial cnventins wn’t change quickly.（我问，疫情期间所做的改变是否会改变文化规范。“绝对不是，”安娜说。这就是巴西人的本质，改变不会在一夜之间发生。他们在人际关系上投入了大量的时间和精力，根深蒂固的社会习俗不会很快改变）”可推知，安娜认为大流行不会改变社会和文化规范，是因为巴西人天生善于交际，在人际关系上投入了大量的时间和精力，根深蒂固的社会习俗不会很快改变。故选A项。
7. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合文章最后一段中“I delight in ur differences, even if kissing n the cheek makes me uncmfrtable.（我喜欢我们的不同，即使亲吻脸颊让我不舒服）”可推知，作者在巴西友人的影响下，改变了对文化差异的看法，最后作者学会了求同存异，欣然接受了文化差异，故“My Acceptance f Cultural Differences（我对文化差异的接受）”文章最佳标题。故选D项。
8. A; 9. B; 10. D; 11. A
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球正在面临的威胁，告诉我们环保迫在眉睫，号召我们行动起来，成为环保志愿者，为保护环境贡献力量。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第二段关键句“Flds are affecting the places that previusly never faced this prblem while heat waves, drughts and earthquakes are becming the nrm.”（洪水正在影响以前从未面临过这个问题的地方，而热浪、干旱和地震正在成为常态。）和“Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund(WWF), there are ther prblems: defrestatin, pllutin, water scarcity, illegal fishing and wildlife trade.”（据世界野生动物基金会（WWF）称，还有其他问题：森林砍伐、污染、缺水、非法捕鱼和野生动物贸易。）可知，本段主要介绍的是地球正在面临的威胁，例如洪水、干旱、地震、森林砍伐、污染、缺水、非法捕鱼和野生动物贸易等，由此可知，第二段主要介绍的是地球正在面临的威胁。故选A项。
9. 细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Mst peple remain inactive, believing small changes wn’t make a difference.”（大多数人仍然不积极，认为微小的改变不会有什么影响。）可知，面对环境问题，大多数人仍然不积极，他们认为微小的改变不会有什么影响，由此可知，大多数人面对环境问题选择袖手旁观。故选B项。
10. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“There are enugh envirnmental vlunteer pprtunities that need yur help and there’s n time t waste!”（有足够的环境志愿者机会需要你的帮助，没有时间浪费！）可知，面对环境问题，我们需要你成为环境志愿者，为环保提供帮助，环保迫在眉睫，已经没有时间浪费，由此可知，面对环境问题，我们应该立即行动起来，现在是最佳时机，“There is n time like the present.”意为“现在是最佳时机”。故选D项。
11. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“There are enugh envirnmental vlunteer pprtunities that need yur help and there’s n time t waste!”（有足够的环境志愿者机会需要你的帮助，没有时间浪费！）和最后一段关键句“There are plenty f ptins nce yu decide t becme an envirnmental vlunteer. The tasks will depend n the prject yu have decided t vlunteer with and can vary greatly.”（一旦你决定成为一名环境志愿者，你将有很多选择。任务将取决于你决定参加的项目，并且可能会有很大的差异。）可知，环保迫在眉睫，需要我们每个人的帮助，文章号召我们行动起来，成为环保志愿者，为保护环境贡献力量，由此可知，文章的目的是呼吁人们成为环境志愿者。故选A项。
12. C; 13. D; 14. A; 15. C
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是大学提供的一种新的助学的方式，通过助推等来帮助学生更好地完成学业。
12. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Even if yur parents did nt g t cllege, yu still have a gd chance f cmpleting higher educatin if yur family is wealthy.（即使你的父母没有上过大学，如果你的家庭富裕，你仍然有很好的机会完成高等教育）”可知，最有可能接受并完成高等教育的是Cathy，她的父母没有上过大学，但经营着一家盈利的公司，即家境富裕。故选C。
13. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Tw cmmn frms f nudging are emails t students and text messages t their mbile phnes.（两种常见的助推的形式是给学生发电子邮件和给他们的手机发短信）”可知，助推依靠电子设备起作用，故选D。
14. 细节理解题。根据第六段的“Acsta says messages must be timely（Acsta说信息必须及时）”可知，信息要及时；根据第六段的“Additinally, nudges shuld be written clearly and prvide as much infrmatin as pssible.（此外，宣传单应该写得清楚，提供尽可能多的信息）”可知，信息要实用；根据第六段的“The message shuld give infrmatin abut what kinds f supprt the cllege r university ffers and exactly hw the student can make use f them. That is why nudges shuld pssess interactive qualities, Acsta says.（这条信息应该给出学院或大学提供哪些支持的信息，以及学生应该如何利用这些支持。Acsta说，这就是为什么轻推应该具有互动的特性）”可知，信息要有互动性。综上，助推信息要及时、实用和具有互动性。故选A。
15. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段的“Helping thse in need is ne f the main ideas behind a strategy f behaviral science called nudge thery r nudging. Nudging is a way f changing peple’s behavir thrugh indirect suggestins and by supprting psitive actins.（帮助那些需要帮助的人是一种被称为“助推理论”的行为科学策略背后的主要思想之一。“助推”是一种通过间接建议和支持积极行动来改变人们行为的方式）”和倒数第二段的“In additin, clleges and universities must ensure their supprt services are in place and wrking as best as they can.（此外，学院和大学必须确保他们的支持服务到位，并尽其所能发挥最佳作用）”可知，本文主要讲的是大学提供的一种新的助学的方式，故选C。
16. B; 17. D; 18. E; 19. A; 20. G
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是中国的点茶文化。
16. 空前说“It’s cmmn t see a barista create cffee art（咖啡师创作咖啡拉花是很常见的）”，空后说“Han Zheming, a 40-year-ld Shanghai resident, has managed t perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, r dian cha in Chinese, which is a famus ritual（仪式） during the Sng Dynasty.（40岁的上海居民韩喆明成功地将这门技艺提升到了极致，他完善了点茶艺术，这曾是宋朝时期一种著名的仪式。）”，B选项“Hwever, it’s a whle different ballgame ding same thing with tea.（然而，对茶来说，这是一个完全不同的游戏。）”引出了下文的点茶艺术，符合语境，故选B。
17. 空后说“After hundreds f years f evlutin, it thrived thrughut the Sng Dynasty.（经过数百年的演变，它在整个宋朝蓬勃发展。）”，D选项“Chinese tea culture started t enjy ppularity during the Tang Dynasty.（中国茶文化在唐代开始流行。）”说明了茶文化的开始，和空后说的发展相承接，因此D选项符合语境，故选D。
18. 空前说“In the eyes f peple f that time, gd tea shuld be white and fine.（在当时的人眼里，好茶应该是白的、细的。）”，E选项“The better the tea, the whiter it shuld be, and the lnger the fam shuld last.（茶越好，越白，泡的时间也越长。）”中的“better”和“whiter”和前面的“gd tea shuld be white”相一致，说明了茶越好越白，因此E选项承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
19. 空前说“Usually, it takes a year f practice fr ne t fully grasp tea-whisking.（通常，一个人要经过一年的练习才能完全掌握点茶的技巧。）”，A选项“It is thrugh trial and errr that Han gets ging.（正是通过不断的尝试和错误，韩才得以成功。）”说明了他长时间努力地练习，其中的“gets ging”和空后的“Nw, he can deliver a piece f tea-whisking art in ‘ne take’.（现在，他可以‘一次’完成一件点茶艺术。）”中的“in ‘ne take’”相一致，因此A选项承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
20. 空后说“As well as the pems, calligraphy and paintings that were-created back then, I want mre peple t understand the items used t drink tea, and the culture behind the ways peple prepared tea.（除了当时的诗歌、书法和绘画，我希望更多人了解用来喝茶的物品，以及人们泡茶方式背后的文化。）”，G选项“It’s als his intentin t bring the ld ritual and culture back fr mre peple t appreciate.（他还打算把古老的仪式和文化带回来，让更多的人欣赏。）”中的“the ld ritual and culture”和空后的“the items used t drink tea, and the culture behind the ways peple prepared tea”相一致，说明了韩喆明的目的，因此G选项引起下文，符合语境，故选G。
21. A; 22. B; 23. D; 24. B; 25. A; 26. C; 27. A; 28. D; 29. C; 30. B; 31. B; 32. D; 33. A; 34. D; 35. C
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者让儿子和女儿送自己照片和故事作为礼物，它们记录了父亲和孩子之间美好的回忆，这份礼物是无价的。
21. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：作为一个父亲，得到生日礼物可能是愉快的，尤其是如果你能就你想要的东西提前提出想法的话。A. ahead提前；B. arund大约；C. nrmally正常地；D. indirectly间接地。根据下文“they bth asked me _____ I wanted fr my birthday early this year”可知，我的两个孩子问我今年想要什么生日礼物，由此可知，我能就我想要的东西提前提出想法。故选A项。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能认为我有点理想，但我具体说的是你作为一个父亲将永远珍视的东西。A. imagine想象；B. treasure珍视；C. envy嫉妒；D. ignre忽视。根据上文“especially if yu can give ideas n what yu want _____”可知，作为父亲，如果能就自己想要的生日礼物提前提出想法，并且孩子们照做了，这将是一个父亲永远珍视的东西。故选B项。
23. 考查从属连词词义辨析。句意：我有两个十几岁的孩子，今年早些时候他们都问我想要什么生日礼物。A. which哪一个；B. whether是否；C. hw怎样；D. what什么。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，空格处单词引导从句，作“asked”的直接宾语，根据句中“wanted”可知，句中指“我想要什么生日礼物”，应用“what”引导从句，意为“什么”，作宾语，指事物，没有选择范围。故选D项。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：嗯，我刚买了一台DVD播放机，所以我想了一些我可能想要的DVD，我还考虑了一些我一直想读的书等等。A. required要求；B. cnsidered考虑；C. preferred更喜欢；D. intrduced介绍。根据上文“I thught abut sme DVDs I might want”可知，句中列举的是我想要的生日礼物，由此可知，我考虑让孩子送一些我一直想读的书作为礼物。故选B项。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但后来我开始琢磨：他们能给我什么礼物，我们都会很喜欢？A. wnder琢磨，想知道；B. ask问；C. answer回答；D. tell告诉。根据句中“what culd they give me that wuld be a _____ we bth wuld appreciate?”可知，我在琢磨一个问题——孩子们送我什么礼物会让我们都喜欢。故选A项。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但后来我开始琢磨：他们能给我什么礼物，我们都会很喜欢？A. pht照片；B. bk书；C. gift礼物；D. stry故事。根据上文“they bth asked me ______ I wanted fr my birthday early this year.”可知，孩子们问我生日想要什么，由此可知，我在考虑让他们送我什么礼物。故选C项。
27. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我让我儿子把他认为我喜欢的照片集合在一起。A. put tgether把……放在一起；B. check ut结账离开；C. hand in上交；D. set aside留出。根据句中“a cllectin f phts”可知，我想让儿子制作一个照片集，由此可知，我让我儿子把他认为我喜欢的照片放在一起，“put tgether”意为“把……放在一起”，符合语境。故选A项。
28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他做得很好，现在我愉快地想起了我们在一起的时光，那时他还是个蹒跚学步的孩子，一个8岁的孩子，缺了一颗门牙，还有其他一些照片，那时他非常可爱！A. impressin印象；B. experience经历；C. witness证人；D. reminder引起回忆的事物。根据句中“when he was a tddler crawling arund”可知，这些照片让我想起来他还是个蹒跚学步的孩子时的情景，由此可知，这些照片对我来说是引起回忆的事物。故选D项。
29. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他做得很好，现在我愉快地想起了我们在一起的时光，那时他还是个蹒跚学步的孩子，一个8岁的孩子，缺了一颗门牙，还有其他一些照片，那时他非常可爱！A. aching疼痛的；B. grwing增长的；C. missing缺少的；D. changing改变的。根据句中“an 8-year-ld”可知，8岁是孩子换牙的时候，由此可知，照片上的儿子缺了一颗门牙，“missing”意为“缺少的”，符合语境。故选C项。
30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以说这对我们双方是双赢的！A. n-n不可干的事；B. win-win双赢；C. game游戏；D. hbby爱好。根据上文“He had a gd time picking them ut and I have a gd time lking at them.”可知，儿子在收集照片的过程中感到快乐，父亲在看照片的过程中感到快乐，由此可知，这对父子双方是一个双赢的事。故选B项。
31. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，它只花了他一个框架的价格。A. Hwever然而；B. Plus此外；C. Otherwise否则；D. Nevertheless然而。根据句中“it nly cst him the price f a frame”可知，收集照片不仅对父子双方是一个双赢的事，此外，这件事花费也不多，它只花了儿子一个框架的价格。故选B项。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，我让女儿写下对我们的回忆，并加入自己的想法。A. nte笔记；B. diary日记；C. reprt报告；D. memry回忆。根据上文“S I decided n phts and stries.”可知，我决定要照片和故事作为礼物，照片是回忆过去的，由此可知，我让女儿写下关于我们回忆的故事。故选D项。
33. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它将永远让我感到快乐，它将永远持续下去！A. jyful快乐的；B. lst迷路的；C. relaxed放松的；D. upset沮丧的。根据上文“It is a perfect gift as well.”可知，女儿的礼物也是一份完美的礼物，由此可知，这份礼物让我感到快乐。故选A项。
34. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这两份礼物都很便宜，但每当我提到它们，都会让我心情愉快。A. lk int调查；B. hpe fr希望得到；C. care abut关心，在意；D. refer t提到。根据上文“It is a perfect gift as well.”可知，我喜欢孩子们送我的礼物，由此可知，每当我提到这些礼物时，都会让我心情愉快。故选D项。
35. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：做父亲有很多美好的时刻，让它们更容易被记住是无价的。A. ideas想法；B. hnrs荣誉；C. mments时刻，片刻；D. duties责任。根据上文“S I decided n phts and stries.”可知，我决定要照片和故事作为礼物，照片和故事记录的都是过去美好的时刻，由此可知，作为父亲有很多美好的时刻，用照片和故事记录这些时刻，这是无价的。故选C项。
36. t; 37. which; 38. effectively; 39. endangered; 40. a; 41. falls; 42. has enhanced; 43. and; 44. bringing; 45. lcals
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是中国的世界遗产及其重要性。
36. 考查介词。句意：国家文物局表示，我国目前拥有14处世界自然遗产和4处混合遗产，这些遗产以文化和自然特征而闻名，数量均居世界前列。be hme t是固定短语，意为“为……的所在地”，故填t。
37. 考查定语从句。句意：国家文物局表示，我国目前拥有14处世界自然遗产和4处混合遗产，这些遗产以文化和自然特征而闻名，数量均居世界前列。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词“14 wrld natural heritage sites and fur mixed sites”是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
38. 考查副词。句意：国家文物局周五在关于6月8日文化和自然遗产日的新闻发布会上表示，这些遗产有效地保护了中国代表性的地质遗迹、山脉、森林和湖泊，以及珍稀濒危的动植物物种。空格处用副词effectively修饰动词prtected，effectively意为“有效地”，故填effectively。
39. 考查形容词。句意：国家文物局周五在关于6月8日文化和自然遗产日的新闻发布会上表示，这些遗产有效地保护了中国代表性的地质遗迹、山脉、森林和湖泊，以及珍稀濒危的动植物物种。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词“animal and plant species”，endanger的形容词是endangered，意为“濒危的”，故填endangered。
40. 考查冠词。句意：国家文物局周五在关于6月8日文化和自然遗产日的新闻发布会上表示，这些遗产有效地保护了中国代表性的地质遗迹、山脉、森林和湖泊，以及珍稀濒危的动植物物种。“news cnference”意为“新闻发布会”，表泛指，是单数，前面需加不定冠词，news是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
41. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：国家文物局周五在关于6月8日文化和自然遗产日的新闻发布会上表示，这些遗产有效地保护了中国代表性的地质遗迹、山脉、森林和湖泊，以及珍稀濒危的动植物物种。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，which指代先行词day，是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填falls。
42. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，国家加强了对世界自然遗产保护的法律和技术支持，建立了具有中国特色的管理体制。由“In the past few years”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语cuntry是单数，因此空格处是has enhanced，故填has enhanced。
43. 考查连词。句意：中国的世界遗产为国家的社会经济发展做出了贡献，向世界展示了中国的形象。根据语境可知，句子表示“中国的世界遗产为国家的社会经济发展做出了贡献，并且向世界展示了中国的形象”，空格处用and表并列，故填and。
44. 考查现在分词。句意：这些地区还在文物、非物质文化遗产和历史名城、历史乡镇、历史村保护方面发挥了重要作用，每年为当地人带来超过140亿元的旅游收入。句中谓语是have played，空格处用非谓语动词，These areas和bring in之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词，故填bringing。
45. 考查名词的复数。句意：这些地区还在文物、非物质文化遗产和历史名城、历史乡镇、历史村保护方面发挥了重要作用，每年为当地人带来超过140亿元的旅游收入。lcal在句中意为“当地人”，是可数名词，不止一个，因此空格处用复数，故填lcals。
Dear fellw students,
T expse students t farm life and equip them with basic farming skills, ur schl will rganize students frm the headquarters and the internatinal department t take part in a three-day agricultural field trip, frm September 3 t 5.
As scheduled, we’ll gather at the schl gate at 8 a.m. and take the schl bus t Sunshine Farm, where we’ll experience farm wrk like remving weeds and plughing a field. Besides, agricultural prfessrs will teach us necessary knwledge abut planting skills, vegetable grwth prcess and s n.
Lking frward t yur participatin. I believe we will benefit a lt.
The Student Unin
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封告知信，告知学生学校即将举办的为期三天的学农活动，包括活动目的和活动安排等。
1. 词汇积累
参加：take part in→participate in
例如：like→such as
此外：besides→what’s mre
必要的：necessary→essential
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, agricultural prfessrs will teach us necessary knwledge abut planting skills, vegetable grwth prcess and s n.
拓展句：Besides, agricultural prfessrs will teach us necessary knwledge abut planting skills, vegetable grwth prcess and s n, which is very imprtant fr ur future life.
高分句型1：As scheduled, we’ll gather at the schl gate at 8 a.m. and take the schl bus t Sunshine Farm, where we’ll experience farm wrk like remving weeds and plughing a field.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句）
高分句型2：I believe we will benefit a lt.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略了that）
Para. 1:
I screamed and wept bitterly in bed. All that crying finally released my uncntrllable anger. As I calmed dwn and my breathing became regular, the day’s events began t unfld in my mind. A sharp pang f fault hit me. Why had I treated Mther as a target t release my anger? If I had shared abut my wes, Mther wuld have listened. The mre I thught abut my actins, the heavier my heart felt. Then, I heard strange sunds cming frm the kitchen. Puzzled, I pened my bedrm dr, tipteing twards the kitchen.
Para. 2:
Then a thick, juicy smell f hamburgers greeted my nse. Sensing my ftsteps, Mther lked up, asking tentatively, “Want sme?” I tk a bite guiltily, shedding regretful tears. “Mm, I’m awfully srry fr being awful t yu tday. I had a bad day at schl. I dn’t deserve this.” I aplgized. “I shuld have guessed yu’re in a tugh spt, srry, hney. I remember thse grwing up years.” Mther smiled and gave me a bear hug. There was nthing like mther’s uncnditinal lve — that night, I shuld have been punished; instead, Mther dished up a hearty prtin f grace.
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在学校过得很糟糕，于是回家把母亲当作发泄对象，不停地指责母亲所做的食物不和胃口。最后他们大吵一架，作者回房间在床上哭，反思自己的行为后，心情沉重。结果看见母亲在厨房做自己想吃的汉堡包，非常内疚，母亲最后原谅了作者。
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我躺在床上嚎啕大哭。”可知，第一段可描写作者在房间反思自己的行为，非常后悔。
②由第二段首句内容“接着，一股浓浓的、多汁的汉堡包的香味扑面而来。”可知，第二段可描写作者下楼发现母亲在做自己想吃的汉堡包，两人最后和好。
2. 续写线索：大哭——心情沉重——走向厨房——母亲做好汉堡——作者流泪——两人和好
3. 词汇激活
行为类
尖叫：scream/ yell
失望：release/ set free
道歉：aplgize/ make an aplgy fr
情绪类
艰难：tugh/ hard
困惑：puzzled/ cnfused
高分句型1：As I calmed dwn and my breathing became regular, the day’s events began t unfld in my mind.（运用了as引导时间状语从句）
高分句型2：If I had shared abut my wes, Mther wuld have listened.（运用了虚拟语气）