福建省莆田市第一中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析

这是一份福建省莆田市第一中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37，25等内容，欢迎下载使用。
莆田一中2021~2022学年度下学期期末考试试卷
高二英语选择性必修三U3 ~选择性必修四U1
第一部分 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
Job Posting
Welcome to our school! We are excited that you are thinking about opportunities to work with us. See below for a quick glance at what the job is like and the impact you could have on the children.
Job Posting Title: Assistant to Summer School Staff
Job Type: Part- time/Full-time
Working Conditions: Elementary school campus
Weekly Scheduled Hours: Full-time 40 Part-time 20
Earliest Start Date : Immediately
Position Duration: Expected to continue until Aug 31, 2022
Salary: Part-time $ 15 hourly
Full-time $ 20 hourly
Working Hours:9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.
Responsibilities
* Watch over and care for children in 5-12 years range.
* Assist in implementing lesson plans, preparation and clean-up of materials, and watching over children both indoors and outdoors.
* Maintain a healthy and safe environment for children that obeys child licensing, health requirements and guidelines for quality care.
* Other related functions as assigned.
Application Requirements
* Resume (简历).
* High school certificate or above.
* Mailing your application form to us by Jun 10, 2022.
* Minimum of six months of experience working with children aged 5-12 years.
* Three professional reference letters required; at least one from a teacher.
1. What is an assistant required to do?
A. Design lesson plans. B. Safeguard children.
C. Work the night shift. D. Teach academic lessons.
2. Which of following will result in disqualification?
A. Preparing a personal resume. B. Having work experience.
C. Submitting one recommendation letter. D. Being an undergraduate student.
3. What’s the weekly income of a full-time assistant?
A. $300. B. $400. C. $600. D. $800.
第一部分 阅读理解
Tired of underpaid jobs and inconvenient hours, three entrepreneurial (富于企业家精神的) McLean teens decided to start their own company.
Their new company, TeenServ, aims to solve teenage unemployment with a platform that matches students and community members who need short-term assistance with various tasks. Through TeenServ, residents sign up to post jobs they need done. Teens signed up to work can choose to accept a job depending on their schedules and work preferences. Website users can pick up shifts wherever and whenever they want, making it convenient for hectic schedules.
A year ago, Jack Lannin, Quin Frew and Ben Jeannot worked as lifeguards at a local pool. Lannin told Tysons Reporter that they were upset when a pay change “almost cut their salary in half,” and they wanted to find another job but there were few options. Then they came up with the idea for TeenServ. “Aside from getting a real job, refereeing (担任裁判) sports or yard work, there isn’t really a good way to make money,” Lannin said, adding that even becoming a referee requires a significant start-up cost for teens — around $70 — to pay for training and a uniform.
They started out by going door to door and asking community members if they would pay teens fair wages for short-term yard work. Soon enough, they began gathering opportunities. With help from an entrepreneurship class at McLean High School and feedback from teens, the students were able to turn their idea into a reality. So far, the website has employed more than 200 teens, according to Lannin. TeenServ pays students up to $18 per hour-well above Virginia’s minimum wage of $7.25.
The business is focused on mostly McLean for now, but TeenServ’s owners hope to expand around Fairfax County. That involves building up a base of teen workers before allowing residents to post jobs elsewhere in the county. After all, if residents need time-specific jobs done, they can’t be the ones waiting.
4. What is TeenServ’s goal?
A. To increase the number of teen workers.
B. To help teens decide on their future career.
C. To encourage teens to start their own business.
D. To connect community employers to local teens.
5. What does the underlined word “hectic” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Regular. B. Flexible. C. Traditional. D. Busy.
6. What problem did the three founders come across last year?
A. They failed to find a part-time job.
B. They received a significant pay cut.
C. They obtained little funding for their start-up.
D. They lost a game due to a referee’s unfair decision.
7. What do the three owners plan to do?
A. Create more time-specific jobs. B. Raise Virginia’s minimum wage.
C. Grow their business outside of McLean. D. Allow McLean residents to post jobs elsewhere.
第一部分 阅读理解
About 20 years ago, some 15,000 red pandas wandered the treetops of the Himalaya forests in South Asia. But with the large number of people entering their habitats, these shy and solitary (独处的) creatures can’t meet each other and reproduce. Now the population has declined by more than 50 percent.
To save the red pandas here, Lama and his research team need to know which parts of the forests the remaining pandas are living in. That’s where the tracking devices come in. “Mapping the path they travel will let us know which areas of the forest need to be reforested to connect the most red pandas to one another,” Lama says.
Because red pandas can be hard to spot and catch, no one had ever used GPS collars to study them in the wild. But Lama and his team had a great plan. They first would make sure the animals would be comfortable wearing the collars. So, they tested the collars on two red pandas in a local zoo. “We convinced them to let us measure their necks and fit them with the collars by letting them choose a reward — grapes, apples, or bananas.” Lama says.
Then came the next challenge: catching red pandas. Once they spotted a red panda, a team of vets set up a tall, fence-like tarp (油布) around the base of the tree with a box trap at the bottom. That way when the red panda climbed down the tree surrounded by the tarp, it had no choice but to enter the trap. It was then quickly controlled, collared and released.
From September to December 2019, the team trapped 10 red pandas — six females and four males. Their collars recorded their location every two hours and sent the information to researchers once a day. Over the next year, the team tracked the red pandas’ movements so that they identified where to plant new forests and helped red pandas meet more easily.
8. What has led to the smaller number of red pandas in South Asia?
A. Their normal lives are badly disturbed.
B. They aren’t adapted to living in groups.
C. Their ability to reproduce is weakened.
D. They try to avoid meeting each other.
9. Why did the research team track the movements of red pandas?
A. To study their living behaviors.
B. To protect them from hunters.
C. To know where to plant forests.
D. To find if they can often meet.
10. How did the research team convince red pandas to wear collars?
A. By offering them treats. B. By using traps.
C. By setting tarps. D. By measuring their necks.
11. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. The research on red pandas’ reproduction.
B. The clever way to keep track of red pandas.
C. The shrinking population of red pandas.
D. The way of building habitats for red pandas.
第一部分 阅读理解
It scarcely seems surprising that learning to underline a modal verb, such as “can”, and “may”, does little to help students use them effectively in their own writing. These words are anyway grasped by tiny children without the need to know what they are called. This may tempt the conclusion that the teaching of grammar should be shelved altogether. But there are reasons to reform it rather than throw it away.
Understanding of language is part of a wider education in what makes human beings human. How concepts are turned into sounds, and how those sounds combine to form commands or questions, are issues that have occupied many language experts. What they reveal about the mind has exercised psychologists and cognitive (认知的) scientists.
There are practical reasons to ask children to work hard at grammar, too. One is that a knowledge of it will make learning a foreign language easier. Even if you did know by nature how to make clauses in your native languages as a child — just without instruction — getting to grips with them in German or Russian in later years is simpler if you know how to define and spot them. As it is, many English-speakers come to understand grammar by studying a foreign language, rather than the other way round.
For grammarians keen on future jobs, the natural-language processing field is booming. After many years of poor results, technological wizards have developed programs for automated translation, speech recognition and other services that are actually usable, if far from perfect. These tools may rely more on knowledge of artificial intelligence than of the subjunctive, but linguistic (语言学的) expertise still matters, and may give beginners an edge over competitors whose best language is Python (编程).
Grammar could still be taught better. One small study showed improvement in some students when concepts are linked concretely to writing tasks. A cook does not need to know chemistry to make a delicious soup. But the science of how words combine to make meaning is fascinating and fundamental.
12. Why do some people consider stopping teaching grammar?
A. Teachers’ teaching methods are far from satisfactory.
B. It’s unnecessary for small kids to grasp modal verbs.
C. Drawing lines under words fails to be effective in learning.
D. Grammar Learning doesn’t bring obvious effect to writing.
13. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “getting to grips with” in paragraph 3?
A. Controlling. B. Mastering.
C. Holding on to. D. Dealing with.
14. When it comes to future jobs, grammarians believe _______.
A. a good command of Python is enough for programmers
B. the field of artificial technology still shows great promise
C. being expert in language means advantages in competition
D. computer geniuses will invent perfect tools to process language
15. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. Grammar teaching shouldn’t be stopped but reformed.
B. Scientific study of human beings benefits from grammar.
C. Grammar helps children to learn foreign languages better.
D. There’s much room for improvement in grammar research.
第二部分 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
As the world seeks to slow the pace of climate change and preserve wildlife, trees undoubtedly hold a major part of the answer. Yet the mass destruction of trees--deforestation-continues, sacrificing (牺牲) the long-term benefits of standing trees for short-term gain.
___16___ Since humans started cutting down forests, 46 percent of trees have been logged. About 17 percent of the Amazonian rainforest has been destroyed over the past 50 years, and losses recently have been on the rise.
So, what are the factors leading to deforestation? Farming, animal raising, mining, and drilling combined account for more than half of all deforestation.___17___ Plus logging operations, which provide the world? s wood and paper products, cut down countless trees each year. Some loggers acting illegally even build roads to access more and more remote forests--which leads to further deforestation.
___18___ Some 250 million people living in forests depend on them for survival and income—many of them among the world's rural poor. Eighty percent of Earth's land animals live in forests and deforestation threatens many species.___19___ The South American rainforest, for example, influences regional and perhaps even global water cycles, which is key to the water supply in Brazilian cities and neighboring countries.
Luckily, a movement is under way to preserve existing forest ecosystems and restore lost tree cover. Organizations and activists are working to fight illegal mining and logging. As consumers, it makes sense to look for sustainably produced sources. ___20___
A. Yet the effects of deforestation reach much farther.
B. Globally, forests are disappearing at an alarming rate.
C. Wildfires and urbanization also account for a small part,
D. Deforestation affects people and animals and even the wider world.
E. With these joint efforts, many conservationists see reasons for hope.
F. Deforestation is responsible for around 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions.
G. Some deforestation is caused by a combination of human and natural factors.
第三部分 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
An off-duty pilot was called a “legend” after stepping in to fly a plane himself to stop the flight being cancelled.
Michael Bradley, a ___21___ EasyJet pilot, had a holiday when he ___22___ flying a plane that was delayed by two hours. He told passengers on board the Manchester Airport flight to Alicante that he was ___23___ his services as there was no pilot available.
Mr. Bradley said, “My wife was then with my little boy. She ___24___ and complained, ‘Our flight’s delayed by two hours because there’s no ___25___ for the flight.’ So just before we went through security, I wonder if this is worth a call. I think it is because I’d like to go on holiday.”
Mr. Bradley phoned up EasyJet and said, “I’m standing in the ___26___ doing nothing. I have got my ___27___ with me and I’d very much like to go on holiday and if you need a(n) ___28___, I’m standing here ready to go.” And his bosses called him back in less than a minute to give him the go-ahead, saying, “Please, please, can you fly the airplane to Alicante?” Then he told this to the passengers. This was ___29___ with cheers from the passengers.
An EasyJet spokesman said, “We are ___30___ to one of our pilots who was travelling on holiday from Manchester to Alicante on 2nd, September with his family and ___31___ to operate the flight. This ___32___ customers could get to their destination and shows the ___33___ of our crew. This is ___34___ in line with regulations as he had his license and ID with him. Safety is always our ___35___ priority.”
21. A. retired B. qualified C. clumsy D. former
22. A. made up B. held up
C. ended up D. turned up
23. A. offering B. obtaining C. changing D. showing
24. A. came through B. came to
C. came up D. came around
25. A. passenger B. manager C. officer D. captain
26. A. station B. platform C. terminal D. square
27. A. license B. passport C. visa D. ticket
28. A. adventure B. favor
C. assistant D. reason
29. A. met B. argued
C. objected D. observed
30. A. suitable B. convenient C. practical D. grateful
31. A. volunteered B. continued
C. attempted D. struggled
32. A. proved B. meant C. supported D. revealed
33. A. existence B. popularity
C. intention D. commitment
34. A. fully B. strangely
C. nearly D. immediately
35. A. current B. urgent
C. regional D. top
第四部分 语法填空（共10题；每题1.5分，满分15分）
Phrase bai lan gains popularity as severe competition and social expectations leave many young people despondent (沮丧的).
On China’s Internet, some young people say their ambitions can’t be achieved and many of them have given up on trying. ____36____ (frustrate) by the mounting uncertainties and lack ____37____ economic opportunities, they are resorting to a new buzzword — bai lan (let it rot in English) — to capture their attitude towards life.
The phrase bai lan, which has its origin in NBA games, ____38____ (mean) a voluntary retreat from pursuing certain goals because one realizes they are ____39____ (simple) too difficult to achieve. In American basketball, it often refers to a player’s deliberate loss of a game in order to get a better draft pick.
On Weibo, the bai lan-related topics ____40____ (generate) hundreds of millions of reads and discussions since March. Netizens also created different ____41____ (vary) of the bai lan attitude. State media have taken note of this trend. “____42____ do modern young Chinese like to ‘bai lan’?” one recent article in official media outlet asked. “In fact, this is as ____43____ result of negative auto suggestion, repeatedly ____44____ (tell) oneself I cannot make it. And this kind of mentality often leads people _____45_____ (adopt) the ‘bai lan’ attitude.”
第五部分 书面表达（满分15分）
6月13-19日是全国节能宣传周，主题为“绿色低碳，节能先行”。请你代表英文校报Youth写一封倡议书，倡导全体同学积极践行低碳节能的生活方式。内容包括：
1.低碳节能的做法；
2.低碳节能的益处；
3.呼吁大家共同参与。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
参考词汇：低碳 low carbon；节能energy conservation
Dear fellow students,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Youth
第六部分 读后续写(满分25分)
People use the proverb “seeing is believing” to describe situations where it’s hard to believe something is possible if you haven’t seen it happen. I am here today to tell you that the proverb is true and to share with you how a girl and her grandmother made a positive transformation in a community.
It was a year ago when I was studying life cycles in my science class. I wrote a paper about the life cycle of the monarch butterfly (帝王蝶) and received a perfect score. I was so thrilled; I called my grandmother Nana and told her the exciting news. My talk recalled memories from Nana’s childhood. “I remember when I was a girl,” she said, “those orange and black butterflies were a common sight. Come late summer, there would suddenly be hundreds of them, and before long there were so many it felt like you were standing in an orange cloud.”
“It sounds like you witnessed a migration (迁徙), but what happened to them?” I asked. “To be honest, I’ve never known,” Nana admitted. “But there do seem to be fewer monarchs around the neighborhood.” Nana and I decided to investigate.
That weekend, we met at the public library. Our research produced plenty of information: some fascinating and some concerning. Apparently, the number of monarchs has been in decline for the last several decades. Housing developments have destroyed much of their habitat (栖息地). Some information was hopeful, though, like how conservationists are working to save them.
The best was this — it doesn’t take lots of money or equipment to do so. It takes only a little bit of land, some seeds, and dedicated people to create what’s called a Monarch Waystation (驿站).
“What if we set up our own Monarch Waystation?” I suggested. “We’ll need people to help.” Nana responded immediately and didn’t waste time to get started.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next day, Nana presented the idea to her garden club and I talked to my friends.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nana and I created a blog and frequently updated about the community’s efforts.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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第一部分 阅读理解
1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一篇暑期学校教职员助理的招聘公告，介绍了工作内容、职责和薪资等情况。
1.细节理解题。根据Responsibilities部分中“* Watch over and care for children in 5—12 years range.(照顾5-12岁儿童)”以及“*Maintain a healthy and safe environment for children that obeys child licensing, health requirements and guidelines for quality care.(为儿童保持健康和安全的环境，并遵守儿童许可证、健康要求和优质护理准则)”可知，助理需要保护儿童。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据最后一部分中“*Three professional reference letters required; at least one from a teacher.(需要三份专业推荐信；至少有一个来自老师)”可知，提交一封推荐信会导致取消资格。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据“Salary: Part-time $ 15 hourly; Full-time $ 20 hourly(工资：兼职每小时15美元；全职每小时20美元)”以及“Weekly Scheduled Hours: Full-time 40 Part-time 20 (每周工作时间：全职40小时，兼职20小时)”可知，全职助理的周收入是20×40=800美元。故选D。
4. D 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了三个麦克莱恩的青少年，在厌倦了低薪和上班时间不便利的工作之后，决定创办自己的公司，该公司旨在为社区的青少年提供更多的兼职和就业岗位。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Their new company, Teen Serve aims to solve teenage unemployment with a platform that matches students and community members who need short-term assistance with various tasks Through Teen Serve, residents sign up to post jobs they need done.”（他们的新公司Teen Serve旨在解决青少年失业问题，通过一个平台，为需要短期援助的学生和社区成员匹配各种任务。）可知，Teen Serve的目的是帮助将社区雇主与当地青少年联系起来。故选D。
2.词句猜测题。根据前文中的“Their new company, Teen Serve aims to solve teenage unemployment with a platform that matches students and community members who need short-term assistance with various tasks Through Teen Serve, residents sign up to post jobs they need done.”（他们的新公司Teen Serve旨在解决青少年失业问题，通过一个平台，为需要短期援助的学生和社区成员匹配各种任务。）同时根据本句中“Website users can pick up shifts wherever and whenever they want.”（网站用户可以随时随地进行换班），可知，网站用户可以随时随地轮班，为繁忙的日程安排提供便利。D选项“busy”译为“忙碌的”，与划线单词相符，故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中“A year ago, Jack Lannin, Quin Frew and Ben Jeannot worked as lifeguards at a local pool. Lanin told Tysons Reporter that they were upset when a pay change almost cut their salary in half.”（一年前，杰克·兰宁、奎恩·弗鲁和本·简诺特在当地一家游泳池担任救生员。拉宁告诉泰森记者，他们对薪酬变化“几乎使他们的薪水减半”感到不安），可知，去年他们所遇到的问题是：几乎自己的薪酬减半。故选B。
4.细节理解题。根据第五段段首“The business is focused on mostly McLean for now, but Teen Serve’s owners hope to expand around Fairfax County.”（目前，Teen Serve的业务主要集中在麦克莱恩，但其所有者希望在费尔法克斯县扩大业务。）可知，他们的公司业务主要集中在麦克莱恩，但是希望扩大业务至其他地区。故选C。
8. A 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，本文主要介绍Lama及其研究团队通过给红熊猫佩戴颈圈的方式追踪红熊猫，以便他们确定应该在哪里种植新森林。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“But with the large number of people entering their habitats, these shy and solitary(独处的) creatures can’t meet each other and reproduce.(但随着大量的人进入它们的栖息地，这些害羞和孤独的生物无法相遇和繁殖)”可知，南亚红熊猫的正常生活被严重干扰导致了该物种数量下降。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“To save the red pandas here, Lama and his research team need to know which parts of the forests the remaining pandas are living in. That’s where the tracking devices come in.(为了拯救这里的小熊猫，Lama和他的研究团队需要知道剩下的熊猫生活在森林的哪些部分。这就是追踪设备的作用)”及最后一段中“Over the next year, the team tracked the red pandas’ movements so that they identified where to plant new forests and helped red pandas meet more easily.(在接下来的一年里，研究小组跟踪了小熊猫的活动，以便他们确定在哪里种植新森林，并帮助小熊猫更容易见面)”可知，研究人员追踪小熊猫是为了确定应该在哪里种植森林。故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“‘We convinced them to let us measure their necks and fit them with the collars by letting them choose a reward—grapes, apples, or bananas.’ Lama says.(‘我们说服它们让我们测量它们的脖子并安装颈圈，让它们选择奖励——葡萄、苹果或香蕉。’Lama说)”可知，研究团队通过给红熊猫提供食物作为奖励来使它们愿意佩戴颈圈。故选A项。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合最后一段中“Over the next year, the team tracked the red pandas’ movements so that they identified where to plant new forests and helped red pandas meet more easily.(在接下来的一年里，研究小组跟踪了小熊猫的活动，以便他们确定在哪里种植新森林，并帮助小熊猫更容易见面)”可知，本文主要介绍Lama及其研究团队通过给红熊猫
佩戴颈圈的方式追踪红熊猫，以便他们确定应该在哪里种植新森林，故B项“追踪红熊猫的聪明办法”能够概括本文大意。故选B项。
12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了语法教学不应该停止，而应该改革。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段“It scarcely seems surprising that learning to underline a modal verb, such as ‘can’, and ‘may’, does little to help students use them effectively in their own writing.”(学习如何区分诸如“can”和“may”等情态动词对学生在自己的写作中有效地使用它们几乎没有帮助，这似乎并不奇怪)可知，有些人考虑停止教授语法是因为学习语法对写作没有明显的效果，故选D。
2.词句猜测题。根据划线词前的“Even if you did know by nature how to make clauses in your native languages as a child — just without instruction(即使你天生就知道如何用你的母语从句——只是在没有任何指导的情况下)”和其后的“if you know how to define and spot them.(如果你知道如何定义和识别它们)”可知，即使你从小就知道如何用母语造句，只是不需要指导，但如果你知道如何定义和识别它们，那么在以后的岁月里用德语或俄语来掌握它们会更简单，由此可知划线词词义为“掌握”，与B项“Mastering(掌握)”意思一样，故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段“These tools may rely more on knowledge of artificial intelligence than of the subjunctive, but linguistic expertise still matters, and may give beginners an edge over competitors whose best language is Python.”(这些工具可能更多地依赖于人工智能的知识，而不是虚拟语言的知识，但语言专业知识仍然很重要，可能会让语言初学者比那些精通编程语言的竞争对手更有优势)可知，当谈到未来的工作时，语法学家们相信精通语言意味着在竞争中占有优势，故选C。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“This may tempt the conclusion that the teaching of grammar should be shelved altogether. But there are reasons to reform it rather than throw it away.”(这可能会得出这样的结论：语法教学应该完全搁置起来。但有理由对其进行改革，而不是将其丢弃)可知，文章主要介绍的是语法教学不应该停止，而应该改革，故选A。
第二部分 七选五
16. B 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. E
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了大规模采伐森林的现状，原因，所带来的影响以及所采取的保护森林的措施。
1.下文“Since humans started cutting down forests, 46 percent of trees have been logged. About 17 percent of the Amazonian rainforest has been destroyed over the past 50 years, and losses recently have been on the rise.”（自从人类开始砍伐森林，46%的树木被砍伐。在过去的50年里，大约17%的亚马逊雨林遭到了破坏，而且最近的损失还在增加。）说明，大量的树木遭到砍伐。与B选项Globally, forests are disappearing at an alarming rate.（在全球范围内，森林正在以惊人的速度消失。）语义一致。故选B项。
2.上文“So, what are the factors leading to deforestation? Farming, animal raising, mining, and drilling combined account for more than half of all deforestation.”（那么，导致森林砍伐的因素是什么呢？农业、畜牧业、采矿和钻探加起来占了森林砍伐总量的一半以上。）说明空处应该解释森林砍伐的原因。C选项中的account for与前一句相对应。故选C项。
3.下文“Some 250 million people living in forests depend on them for survival and income—many of them among the world's rural poor. Eighty percent of Earth's land animals live in forests and deforestation threatens many species.”（生活在森林里的约2.5亿人依靠森林生存和获得收入，其中许多人属于世界农村贫困人口。地球上80%的陆地动物生活在森林中，砍伐森林威胁到许多物种。）说明森林对人和动物的影响，分别与D选项的people and animals相对应。故选D项。
4.下文“The South American rainforest, for example, influences regional and perhaps even global water cycles, which is key to the water supply in Brazilian cities and neighboring countries.”（例如，南美洲的热带雨林影响着区域甚至全球的水循环，这是巴西城市和周边国家供水的关键。）举例说明采伐森林的严重后果，与A选项Yet the effects of deforestation reach much farther.（然而，森林砍伐的影响要深远得多。）为例证关系。故选A项。
5.E选项“With these joint efforts”是关键词，指代上文“Organizations and activists are working to fight illegal mining and logging. As consumers, it makes sense to look for sustainably produced sources.”（一些组织和活动人士正在努力打击非法采矿和伐木。作为消费者，寻找可持续生产的能源是有意义的。）说明保护森林的运动起到了效果。故选E项。
第三部分 完形填空
21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。一位休假的飞行员Michael Bradley自愿驾驶公司的飞机，使航班免遭取消，体现了公司员工的奉献精神。
1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：迈克尔·布拉德利是一名有资质的易捷航空飞行员，他在度假时驾驶了一架延误了两个小时的飞机。A. retired退休的；B. qualified合格的，有资质的；C. clumsy笨拙的；D. former前者的。根据最后的句子“he had his license and ID with him（他带着他的驾照和身份证）”可知，Mr. Bradley是一位有资质的飞行员。故选B项。
2.考查动词短语辨析。句意：迈克尔布·拉德利是一名有资质的易捷航空飞行员，他在度假时驾驶了一架延误了两个小时的飞机。A. made up弥补；B. held up搁置；C. ended up结束；D. turned up出现。由前面的“had a holiday(度假)”可知，Michael Bradley本来是要去度假的，结果却成了这趟航班的飞行员。故选C项。
3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉曼彻斯特机场飞往阿利坎特的航班上的乘客，由于没有飞行员，他愿意提供服务。A. offering 提供；B. obtaining获取；C. changing更改；D. showing显示。由下面的句子“there was no pilot available.（没有飞行员）”可知，该航班延误的原因是没有飞行员，没人开飞机，而根据第一段的“An off-duty pilot（不值班的飞行员）”和第二
段的“a 1 EasyJet pilot （一个合格的易捷航空飞行员）”可知，Michael Bradley是可以开飞机的，所以他告诉乘客他可以提供服务。故选A项。
4.考查动词短语辨析。句意：她走过来抱怨说，“我们的航班延误了两个小时，因为没有机长”。A. came through度过；B. came to共计；C. came up走过来；D. came around苏醒。由上文的句子“My wife was then with my little boy.（当时我妻子和我的小儿子在一起。）”可知，他的妻子当时和他的儿子在一起，当航班被延误后，妻子走过来向他抱怨。故选C项。
5.考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为没有机长，我们的航班延误了两个小时。A. passenger乘客；B. manager经理；C. officer官员；D. captain机长，队长。有第一段的句子“there was no pilot available.”可知，该航班延误的原因是没有机长，没人开飞机。故选D项。
6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我站在候机楼里什么也没干。A. station站；B. platform站台；C. terminal候机楼，航站楼；D. square广场。由第三段的句子“My wife was then with my little boy. She came up and complained, ‘Our flight’s delayed by two hours because there’s no captain for the flight.’ ”（当时我妻子和我的小儿子在一起。她走过来抱怨说，‘我们的航班延误了两个小时，因为没有机长’ ）”可知，Michael Bradley和妻子一起在候机楼里等飞机。故选C项。
7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着执照，非常想去度假，如果你需要帮忙，我随时可以上岗。A. license执照；B. passport护照；C. visa签证；D. ticket机票。由最后一段的句子“he had his license and ID with him（他带着他的执照和身份证）”可知，Michael Bradley当时身上带着他的飞行执照。故选A项。
8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着飞行驾照，我很想去度假，如果需要帮忙，我随时可以上岗。A. adventure冒险；B. favor帮助，支持；C. assistant助手；D. reason原因。由第三段的句子“Our flight’s delayed by two hours because there’s no captain for the flight.（我们的航班延误了两个小时，因为没有机长）”可知，航班延误是因为没有飞行员，航空公司一定需要飞行员，需要帮助。所以Michael Bradley作为公司的飞行员给公司打电话（ phoned up EasyJet）说，如果需要帮助，“我”随时上岗。故选B项。
9.考查动词词义辨析。句意：乘客中爆发出了一阵欢呼。A. met满足；B. argued争辩；C. objected反对；D. observed观察。由该段的句子“Please, please, can you fly the airplane to Alicante?” Then he told this to the passengers.（拜托，拜托，你能驾飞机去阿利坎特吗？”然后他把这件事告诉了乘客）”可知，航空公司的老板先请求Mr. Bradley驾飞机去阿利坎特，然后又把这个消息告诉给乘客，这个消息当然是获得乘客的认可。故选A项。
10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：非常感谢我们的一名飞行员，他于9月2日与家人从曼彻斯特前往阿利坎特度假，并自愿驾驶这架飞机。A. suitable合适的；B. convenient方便的；C. practical实用的；D. grateful感激的。由下面的句子“volunteered to operate the flight（自愿驾驶飞机）”和“This meant customers could get to their destination.（这意味着客户可以到达目的
地）”可知，因为Michael Bradley自愿驾驶飞机，乘客们才可以到达目的地，航空公司的发言人当然应该对Michael Bradley表示感谢。故选D项。
11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：非常感谢我们的一名飞行员，他于9月2日与家人从曼彻斯特前往阿利坎特度假，并自愿驾驶这架飞机。A. volunteered自愿；B. continued继续；C. attempted尝试；D. struggle斗争。由第四段的句子“if you need a(n) favor , I’m standing here ready to go.（如果你需要帮忙，我在这里随时准备上岗）”可知，Mr. Bradley是自愿驾驶这架飞机的。故选A项。
12.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着乘客可以到达目的地，也显示出我们机组人员的敬业和奉献精神。A. proved证明；B. meant意味着；C. supported支持；D. revealed揭示。本来这架飞机是没有驾驶员的，但因为Mr. Bradley“volunteered to operate the flight（自愿驾驶这架飞机）”，这就意味着乘客们就能到达他们的目的地。故选B项。
13.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着乘客可以到达目的地，也显示出我们机组人员的敬业和奉献精神。A. existence存在；B. popularity受欢迎；C. intention意图；D. commitment奉献，承诺。本来Mr. Bradley 是一个没上班的飞行员“an off-duty pilot”，但是当他知道该航班没有飞行员时，他自愿担任该航班的飞行员，这体现了航空公司员工的奉献精神。故选D项。
14.考查副词词义辨析。句意：这完全符合规定，因为他携带有飞行执照和身份证明。A. fully完全地；B. strangely奇怪地；C. nearly几乎；D. immediately立即。由下一句“he had his license and ID with him（他带着他的驾照和身份证）”可知，Mr. Bradley带着必备的证件且他是航空公司的员工，所以这完全符合规定。故选A项。
15.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：安全永远是我们的第一要务。A. current目前的；B. urgent经济的；C. regional地区的；D. top最高的。此处为短语top priority表示“最优先的，当务之急”。故选D项。
第四部分 语法填空
36. Frustrated
37. of
38. means
39. simply
40. have generated
41. variations
42. Why
43. a
44. telling
45. to adopt
【解析】这是一篇说明文。讲述越来越多中国年轻人“摆烂”的生活态度。
1.考查过去分词。句意：由于不确定性的增加和缺乏经济机会而感到受挫，他们正在使用一个新的流行语——摆烂（英文是let it rot，让它烂掉）——来表达他们的生活态度。本句已有系动词，动词frustrate用非谓语形式，主语they与动词frustrate是被动关系，frustrate用过去分词表被动，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Frustrated。
2.考查介词短语。句意：由于不确定性的增加和缺乏经济机会而感到受挫，他们正在使用一个新的流行语——摆烂（英文是let it rot，让它烂掉）——来表达他们的生活态度。lack of 为固定搭配，译为“缺乏……”，故填of。
3.考查主谓一致。句意：摆烂这个词起源于NBA比赛，意味着自愿放弃追求某些目标，因为人们意识到这些目标太难实现了。由主语The phrase bai lan和has可知主语为名单数名词，故谓语动词mean要用单数形式，故填means。
4.考查副词。句意：摆烂这个词起源于NBA比赛，意味着自愿放弃追求某些目标，因为人们意识到这些目标太难实现了。此处用副词来修饰句子“too difficult to achieve”，表示实在太难实现了。故填simply。
5.考查时态。句意：在微博上，自3月以来与摆烂有关的话题已经产生了数亿的阅读和讨论。可知这是从3月份开始到现在发生的事情，故用现在完成时。故填have generated。
6.考查名词。句意：网友们也对摆烂的态度产生了不同的变化。主语Netizens为复数名词，different为形容词，译为“不同的”，修饰名词，故空处应填名词复数形式。故填variations。
7.考查疑问副词。句意：为什么现在的中国年轻人喜欢摆烂？根据下文“In fact, this is as ___ result of negative auto suggestion”（事实上，这是由于消极的自我暗示）可知，下文在解释原
因，故上文是提出疑问为什么中国年轻人喜欢摆烂？此处用疑问词Why表示“为什么”。故填Why。
8.考查冠词。句意：事实上，这是由于消极的自我暗示，反复告诉自己我做不到。as a result of为短语介词，是固定搭配，译为“由于……的原因”。故填a。
9.考查非谓语。句意：事实上，这是由于消极的自我暗示，反复告诉自己我做不到。本句已有谓语动词，动词tell用非谓语形式，主语I与tell之间是主动关系，故用现在分词表主动态，故填telling。
10.考查固定搭配。句意：而这种心态往往导致人们采取‘摆烂’的态度。lead sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，译为“引导、导致某人做什么”。故填to adopt。
第五部分 书面表达
Dear fellow students,
Do you know the earth is becoming warmer and warmer? It is human activity that has caused this global warming. A low-carbon lifestyle is the key to handling this big problem facing the earth.
To fulfill it, we should do our part in our daily life. First, turn off the taps, the lights and so on when we are not using them. It is a good idea to recycle everything recyclable in our daily life. What’s more, motor vehicles use a lot of energy — so walk or ride a bike if we can. It also makes sense to stick to the habit of setting the temperature of our air conditioners at above 26℃ in summer.
Let’s all take action now! If we can make small changes in our way of life, we can make a big difference to the earth.
Youth
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。6月13-19日是全国节能宣传周，主题为“绿色低碳，节能先行”。请你代表英文校报Youth写一封倡议书，倡导全体同学积极践行低碳节能的生活方式。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
实现：fulfill→achieve
坚持：stick to→persist in
处理：handle→deal with
此外：what’s more→besides
2.句式拓展
同义句替换
原句：What’s more, motor vehicles use a lot of energy — so walk or ride a bike if we can.
拓展句：What’s more, walk or ride a bike if we can because motor vehicles use a lot of energy.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Do you know the earth is becoming warmer and warmer? (运用了省略that的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] It is human activity that has caused this global warming. (运用了强调句)
第六部分 读后续写
The next day, Nana presented the idea to her garden club and I talked to my friends. Many people started to plant flowers in their gardens. Nana’s garden club convinced the city government to plant a butterfly garden next to the city fountain. My friends and I spread leaflets telling people how to build Monarch Waystations. More and more people took action to make our community monarch-friendly. As spring turned into summer, we found our efforts started to work! A few dozen orange and black butterflies were spotted visiting the waystations. As summer progressed, the monarchs grew more plentiful.
Nana and I created a blog and frequently updated about the community’s efforts. Monarch enthusiasts from across the country contacted us with their own observations, ideas and reflections. Then it happened one day when the sun was shining and the sky was a deep blue, just like Nana remembered a few fluttering (颤动的) orange wings soon became hundreds of soaring butterflies. As monarchs sailed above and around us, Nana cried tears of happiness and gave me an enormous hug. It was truly a spectacular experience. Now I know what it means to stand in an orange cloud of monarchs. I know what people mean when they say, “Seeing is believing.” I learn that if we believe in something strong enough and work to make it happen, we will see our goal become a reality.
【解析】本文讲述了一个关于“眼见为实”的故事。作者在科学课上写了一篇关于帝王蝶生命周期的论文并且得了满分，作者和祖母分享了这个好消息。祖母告诉作者自己小时候曾经见过很多帝王蝶，但不知道为什么，随着时间的推移，帝王蝶越来越少了，作者和祖母开始研究为什么会有这种现象。调查发现，住房开发破坏了帝王蝶的大部分栖息地，导致帝王蝶数量减少，但“帝王蝶驿站”可以缓解这一现象，于是，作者和祖母决定建立他们自己的“帝王蝶驿站”。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“第二天，娜娜把这个想法介绍给了她的花园俱乐部，我和朋友们聊了聊。”可知，第一段可描写作者和祖母如何建立他们自己的“帝王蝶驿站”。
②由第二段首句内容“我和娜娜创建了一个博客，并经常更新社区的努力。”可知，第二段可描写作者和祖母的努力获得收获，他们再次看到了大量的帝王蝶。
2.续写线索：我们的努力——努力开始奏效——少量帝王蝶出现——全国各地的支持——大量帝王蝶出现——明白了“眼见为实”
3.词汇激活
行为类
①开始做某事：start to do sth./begin to do sth.
②说服：convince/persuade
③联系某人：contact sb./get in touch with sb.
情绪类
①愉快：happiness/pleasure
②令人惊叹的：spectacular/amazing
【点睛】
[高分句型1]As spring turned into summer, we found our efforts started to work!（由As引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]Now I know what it means to stand in an orange cloud of monarchs.（由what引导的宾语从句）