陕西省汉中市2021～2022学年高二下学期期末校际联考英语试题含解析

这是一份陕西省汉中市2021～2022学年高二下学期期末校际联考英语试题含解析，共24页。试卷主要包含了 B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2021～2022学年度第二学期期末校际联考
高二英语试题
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
1. How does the man feel about his exam?
A. Happy. B. Uncertain. C. Disappointed.
2. What will Kate do this weekend?
A. Have a picnic. B. Prepare for a report. C. Go on a school trip.
3. What will the weather be like tomorrow evening?
A. Rainy. B. Windy. C. Cloudy.
4. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a restaurant. B. In a clothes shop. C. In a book shop.
5. How long does it take the man to go to work on foot?
A. Three minutes. B. 45 minutes. C. An hour.
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How much will a member pay the sports club a month?
A. £40. B. £14. C. £20.
7. What class is offered at weekends?
A. Swimming. B. Dancing. C. Kickboxing.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. How many rooms are there in the woman’s apartment?
A. Five. B. Three. C. Four.
9. What do we know about the woman?
A. She stays in her bedroom most of her time.
B. She can see a river from her living room.
C. She has few difficulties in finding this apartment.
第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the woman doing?
A. Listening to music. B. Writing a letter. C. Seeing a film.
11. How long will the woman stay in Japan?
A. For a month. B. For a year. C. For two years.
12. What will the woman do before she leaves for Japan?
A. Attend a language class.
B. Apply for a new program.
C. Read more Japanese novels.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Why do most people fail to lose weight according to the woman?
A. They eat too much. B. They lack willpower. C. They do it in the wrong way.
14. What does the woman advise overweight people to do?
A. Eat almost nothing. B. Take in less sugar. C. Eat low-fat food.
15. How many meals a day is best?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Five.
16. How can people avoid overeating?
A. By eating slowly. B. By drinking less water. C. By having fruit before meals.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What did Gallo receive yesterday?
A. A call from her sister. B. A bottle from her aunt. C. A letter from a stranger.
18. Where did the fisherman find the bottle?
A. On Monhegan Island. B. At Cumberland. C. In Spain.
19. How old was Gallo when she threw out the bottle?
A. Eight. B. Eleven. C. Fourteen.
20. Where is the bottle now?
A. In the ocean. B. At Gallo’s home. C. With the fisherman.

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
A
“You can either travel or read, but either your body or soul must be on the way.” The popular saying has inspired many people to read or go sightseeing. Traveling, just like reading, is a refreshing journey, and a temporary retreat from the busy world. Here are four books we recommend that you take on your trip.
Destination: Kenya, Africa
Recommended book: West with the Night, 19429, by Beryl Markham
This book is about a direct, stylish and engrossing story of a marvelous life well-lived. Markham described her childhood in Kenya and her experiences as a bush pilot in the 1930s — evoking the landscape, people, and wildlife in rich detail.
Destination: Central Europe
Recommended book: Life is Elsewhere, 1969, by Milan Kundera
Jean-Jacques Rousseau once said, “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” The book describes a young artist’s romantic but miserable life, about how he reads, dreams and has a relationship. The book invites you to deeply reflect on your current life.
Destination: Provence, France
Recommended book: A Year in Provence, 1989, by Peter Mayle
Provence, well-known for its lavender(薫衣草), is not only a tourist attraction, but more a symbol of a lifestyle. The book doesn’t teach you how to deal with the hardships in life, but to avoid them happily. With a cup of wine and a rocking chair, time flows slowly here. The author and his wife are living a reclusive life here. When you make a trip following the author’s footsteps, you may encounter him in Provence.
Destination: Istanbul, Turkey
Recommended book: My name Is Red, 1998, by Orhan Pamuk
The book, featuring a peak masterpiece of the Nobel Prize winner in Literature, Orhan Pamuk, has been translated into more than 50 languages and published around the world. It tells a story of a young man, who has been away from home for 12 years, coming back to his hometown in Istanbul. What embraces him is not only love, but a series of murder cases as well. The book inspires people to have a deeper thinking on life.
1. If you want to explore Central Europe, you would like to take ________ book on your trip.
A. Beryl Markham’s B. Milan Kundera’s
C. Peter Mayle’s D. Orhan Pamuk’s
2. What is Provence famous for?
A. Lotus. B. Wine.
C. The rocking chair. D. Lavender.
3. Which book will attract people who are interested in the Nobel Prize in Literature?
A. Life Is Elsewhere. B. West with the Night.
C. My Name Is Red. D. A Year in Provence.
B
Nicolas Maire is the model of a professional French chef with years of experience. To help perfect the flavors of the innovative foods, Mr. Maire has a new assistant chef in the form of Sam, an artificial intelligence robot.
Along with a team of flavorists, Sam helps blend a huge group of flavors for clients. In humans the sense of taste stems from multiple receptors(感受器) that are ready to make our brains aware of the nature of any possible food we encounter. Sam lacks this sense of taste, but it has been trained on a database of ingredients gathered over 60 years at the company of Firmenich, a business with a perfume industry origin stretching back to 1895. Using a technique called machine learning, it has raced through examples of flavor combinations and has learnt its own definitions, maturing over 18 months into today’s AI robot.
Eric Saracchi runs the digital side of Firmenich. “Flavors are more complex than perfumes,” he says, “and Sam had to understand what a strawberry is or how roasted beef hits the tongue, before finding matches between tastes and foodstuffs.”
One big advantage of an AI robot is that it has no cognitive bias(认知偏见). This lack of human prejudices helps Firmenich to get past any unconscious leaning of the flavorists. The objectivity of Sam, lacking influences that can affect even the most professional of flavorists, allows it to work at speed. “It adds value by combining the knowledge of all the other flavorists here,” says Saracchi.
The machine rapidly gives an indication of how a flavor can be created and how much of an ingredient should be included. And Sam can hold the line between Saracchi’s team of flavorists and public tastes, refereeing decisions when the flavorists’ view differs from that of a consumer group.
4. What does Sam do together with many flavorists?
A. It helps activate humans’ tastes.
B. It creates a database of ingredients.
C. It mixes a series of flavors for guests.
D. It makes all kinds of foods very creative.
5. What is Saracchi’s attitude towards the AI robot Sam?
A. Negative. B. Positive.
C. Unknown. D. Doubtful.
6. Where can you find the outstanding feature of an AI chef?
A. In Paragraph 1. B. In Paragraph 2.
C. In Paragraph 3. D. In Paragraph 4.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. Why Chefs Are Turning to AI
B. Sam, the First AI Chef in the World
C. How Do French Chefs Choose AI Assistants
D. Nicolas Maire Owns Some AI Assistant Chefs
C
The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing. This is problematic, as at least 700 kinds of ocean animals — including sharks, whales, seabirds and turtles — can become caught in the stuff or mistake it for a tasty snack.
While we know that some ocean animals seem to catch plastic because it looks like jellyfish or some other food sources, less research has been carried out into what plastic smells like to ocean animals. But now, a study from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has found the coating(涂层) that naturally builds up on ocean plastics causes the rubbish to give off the smell of food.
The researchers took 15 turtles, each around five months old, and placed them in a lab aquarium. They then piped in smells of clean water, clean plastic, turtle food, and plastic that had been soaking in the ocean environment for five weeks. The turtles showed no reaction to the smells of clean water or clean plastic. But when facing ocean soaked plastic or turtle food, they stuck their noses out of the water and showed increased activity.
“This finding is important because it’s the first proof that the smell of ocean plastics causes animals to eat them,” said Dr Kenneth J Lohmann, who took part in the study. It’s common to find a turtle with its stomach full of plastic materials. There are also increasing reports of sea turtles that have become ill and stuck on the beach due to their taking in plastic.”
According to the researchers, areas of the ocean with much plastic may trick turtles and other animals into thinking that there are plenty of food sources, when the opposite is true. “Once these plastics are in the ocean, we don’t have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food,” said Lohmann. “The best thing we can do is to keep plastic from getting into the ocean at all.”
8. Why is plastic pollution posing a threat to ocean animals?
A. It may mislead them as food.
B. It may eat up all jellyfish.
C. It may kill them with its smell.
D. It may trap 700 species of sea animals.
9. What smell did turtles prefer according to the study?
A. Sea water. B. Clean water.
C. Glean plastic. D. Ocean-soaked plastic.
10. What do we know from the study?
A. Turtles seem to eat plastic because it looks like food.
B. Turtles have died out due to their taking in plastic.
C. Turtles eat plastic because it gives off the smell of food.
D. Turtles with their stomachs full of plastic were studied.
11. What are we supposed to do according to Dr. Kenneth J Lohmann?
A. Keep away from the polluted ocean. B. Maintain a plastic-free ocean.
C. Remove plastic from the ocean. D. Stop people feeding turtles plastic.

D
A lot of people ask this question: “Why is body language so important?” Studies have shown that in the process of communication, non-verbal expression has 65% to 93% more influence than actual text. This means that “how to say” is more important than “what to say”. Of course, this does not mean that you don’t need to do preparation for your interviews, nor does it mean that you can take any short cuts. On the contrary, this means that you have more things to pay attention to and prepare for.
In the real workplace, body language is much more important than you think. Without proper body language, you may find yourself trapped in a circle where you can’t integrate with the external environment, not to mention the difficulties in the absence of body language in the workplace.
“People can often make inferences from actions, and the results of these inferences directly affect lives: for example, who will be employed and who will be promoted.” Academician Amy Cuddy said in a TV talk show. She also said that “Our body language will also affect our perception of ourselves. When you try to make more authoritative actions, your brain will inadvertently receive signals and actually create an idea that you are more authoritative, so that you have more confidence in yourself.”
Therefore, before interviews or important meetings, try not to lean on any object or have a hunched back. Instead, you should try to keep your body relaxed. You can even stand with a relatively authoritative posture — of course, you may need to do these things in the bathroom or places where no one could see you.
Body language plays a crucial role in your job interviews, careers, and everyday life. Paying attention to body language could make strong impacts on your behavior, which could help you achieve better results. So, every time you are nervous or feel that you can’t do it, stretch your body, smile, and tell yourself “Fake it till you become it!”
12. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to Paragraph 1?
A. What we say in interviews is not so important.
B. We should set a high value on body language.
C. Practicing body language is a short cut to success.
D. Body language carries 93% of conversation messages.
13. According to Amy Cuddy, why is body language important for us?
A. It makes us look more authoritative.
B. It decides whether we are promoted.
C. It influences people’s impression of us.
D. It helps people understand who we are.
14. What does the underlined word “hunched” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Bent forward. B. Tied behind.
C. Straightened up. D. Broken down.
15. The passage may be intended for ________.
A. viewers of a TV talk show B. body language researchers
C. working adults to be promoted D. new arrivals in the workplace

第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
Have you ever had a wonderful idea and thought it would make a great invention, but didn’t know what to do next? Here are some steps that you can take. ____16____.
The first thing that you should do is to do some research on the Internet to see if anyone else has invented it. If not, you should search through the US Patent information to see if a patent was ever created for your type of invention. ____17____, go to the next step.
The easiest thing to do is working with a company that can help you to make your dreams a reality. ____18____. One company that is very reputable is “Lambert and Lambert in Minnesota”. They offer free advice for good ideas. If they think your product is marketable, they will help you to get it to the right company.
Call the company and make an appointment. You will want to bring in a model of your invention and a complete description of your ideas. ____19____. Then when you meet with them, you can present it and they will tell you how marketable it is. If they decide to help you, they will work to present it to different companies and help you to go to the next step.
____20____, get ready to get the benefits of becoming the next great inventor. It may take a year or two. But the benefits are worth the wait.
A. If there is no patent
B. If you want to be the next inventor
C. Write down exactly about your invention
D. You will find something new on the Internet
E. Once your invention has been sold to a large company
F. It can help you present your ideas and get your product to the right companies
G. They will help you make your dreams come true and become a famous inventor

第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
If you ever have a chance to go to Finland, you’ll probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.
____21____ the taxi drivers for example. You can go anywhere on a journey, and tell the driver to ____22____ you at any place, saying that you have some business to ____23____, and that you will pay the taxi driver later. He will agree without any ____24____ but just accept your words in good ____25____.
The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their ____26____, but also provide food for outside ____27____. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they ____28____ go to the free dining rooms to have their meals, and the ____29____ they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter. With such ____30____ check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to wine and dine free of ____31____.
Finnish workers are paid by the hour. If you work in Finland and have ____32____ with the boss on the hourly rate, then you just say how many hours you have worked and you’ll be paid ____33____.
With so many loop boles in everyday life, surely Finland must be a good country to those who ____34____ to take “petty advantages”. But the ____35____ thing is, all the taxi passengers always come back to pay their ____36____ after they have attended to their business; not a ____37____ outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms; workers always give the exact hours they have ____38____. As the Finns always act on good faith and always have a(n) ____39____ of “right is right” and “wrong is wrong” in everything they do, so to live in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.
What we regarded as “foolish” is ____40____ the Finnish people’s way of life.
21. A. Make B. Put C. Take D. Set
22. A. stop B. pass C. drop D. pick
23. A. attend to B. take care C. take up D. appeal to
24. A. pleasure B. anxiety C. passenger D. money
25. A. condition B. place C. seal D. faith
26. A. guests B. visitors C. meals D. cards
27. A. waiters B. drivers C. diners D. workers
28. A. naturally B. respectively C. secretly D. contently
29. A. best B. most C. worst D. least
30. A. strict B. complete C. troublesome D. loose
31. A. registration B. charge C. care D. noise
32. A. paid B. debated C. talked D. agreed
33. A. accordingly B. reluctantly C. separately D. abruptly
34. A. hesitate B. hate C. love D. refuse
35. A. strange B. difficult C. complex D. imaginative
36. A. business B. trip C. fine D. fare
37. A. familiar B. faithful C. single D. usual
38. A. worked out B. put in C. took in D. ran out
39. A. religion B. law C. idiom D. attitude
40. A. eventually B. accidentally C. actually D. temporarily

第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
An underwater volcano of the Kingdom of Tonga ____41____ (erupt) on January 15, 2022. The 13-mile-wide eruption caused large plumes of ash and gases as high as 19 miles. ____42____, its impact upon Tonga remained unknown for days. Less than 20 minutes after the explosion, the South Pacific nation, which consists ____43____ 170 small islands, went dark. The eruption had damaged the single undersea Internet cable, cutting off the 100,000 Tongans from the rest of the world.
On January 18, 2022, the Tongan government finally provided details of the disaster ____44____ (use) satellite Internet. Aerial images ____45____ (take) by satellites and airplanes show the normally green island nation totally covered by a dense layer of dark gray ash. Many ____46____ (area) remain flooded from the giant waves which washed onto land, and the usually clear blue ocean has turned a little brown.
To make matters ____47____ (bad), a dark cloud of ash stayed over the island nation for four days. ____48____ (consequent), the countries had difficulty sending much-needed supplies.
Tonga’s ____49____ (recover) will not be easy. There are reports of widespread damage to crops, and scientists hold the belief _____50_____ the eruption probably killed most marine life. The ash has polluted the water and if left for too long. It could also harm crops and even livestock.

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
Online learning have become an important way to learn recently. However, online learning has both advantages or disadvantages. Its advantages are obviously. It allows us learn at any time wherever we are. Besides, it is much more easier for us to absorb resources that are available online. However, its disadvantages cannot be ignoring. Staring at the screen for a long time is harmful to their eyes. Worse still, we don’t have many opportunity to interact with teachers and classmates. Then how to be smart online learners? First, we should discuss problems with others courageously. Second, it is wise to take a short break after learning for half an hour. On conclusion, only by be smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of modem technology.

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假如你是班长李华，暑假即将来临，请你用英文给全班同学写一封建议信。内容包括：
1. 生活、学习及爱好等方面的建议；
2. 暑假祝福。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear classmates,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua


听力答案：1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. A

【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。旅行，就像阅读一样，是一种令人耳目一新的旅行，也是一种从繁忙的世界中暂时逃离的方式。文章主要向大家推荐了4本在旅行中可以带上的书。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二本推荐书籍Destination: Central Europe Recommended book: Life is Elsewhere, 1969, by Milan Kundera标题下的“The book describes a young artist’s romantic but miserable life, about how he reads, dreams and has a relationship. The book invites you to deeply reflect on your current life.（这本书讲述了年轻艺术家浪漫而又痛苦的生活，包括读书、梦想、恋爱等。这本书邀请你深刻反思你现在的生活。）”可知，如果你想探索中欧，你应该在旅行中带Milan Kundera的书。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据推荐的第三本书Recommended book: A Year in Provence, 1989, by Peter Mayle标题下的第一句“Provence, well-known for its lavender (薰衣草), is not only a tourist attraction, but more a symbol of a lifestyle.（以薰衣草闻名的普罗旺斯不仅是一个旅游景点，更是一种生活方式的象征。）可知，普罗旺斯以薰衣草而闻名。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。根据推荐的第四本书Recommended book: My name Is Red, 1998, by Orhan Pamuk标题下的第一句“The book, featuring a peak masterpiece of the Nobel Prize winner in Literature, Orhan Pamuk, has been translated into more than 50 languages and published around the world.（这本书是诺贝尔文学奖得主奥尔罕·帕慕克的巅峰之作，已被翻译成50多种语言在世界各地出版。）可知，My name Is Red这本书可能会吸引对诺贝尔文学奖感兴趣的人。故选C项。

【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了厨师们利用人工智能机器人Sam来让食品的口味变得更加完美。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Along with a team of flavorists, Sam helps blend a huge group of flavors for clients.（山姆和一群调味师一起，为客户混合了大量的口味。）”可知，Sam为顾客调配各种口味。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“One big advantage of an AI robot is that it has no cognitive bias(认知偏见). This lack of human prejudices helps Firmenich to get past any unconscious leaning of the flavorists. The objectivity of Sam, lacking influences that can affect even the most professional of flavorists, allows it to work at speed. “It adds value by combining the knowledge of all the other flavorists here,” says Saracchi.（人工智能机器人的一大优势是它没有认知偏见。这种人类偏见的缺乏帮助菲尔曼尼奇克服了任何无意识的口味学家的倾向。山姆不受可以影响到最专业的调味师的一些因素的影响，这种客观性，使它可以更快速地工作。萨拉奇说：它结合了这里所有其他调香师的知识，从而增加了价值。）”可知，通过结合这里其他所有调味师的知识来增加了价值。所以Saracchi对AI厨师Sam的态度是积极的。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“One big advantage of an AI robot is that it has no cognitive bias(认知偏见). This lack of human prejudices helps Firmenich to get past any unconscious leaning of the flavorists. The objectivity of Sam, lacking influences that can affect even the most professional of flavorists, allows it to work at speed. “It adds value by combining the knowledge of all the other flavorists here,” says Saracchi.（人工智能机器人的一大优势是它没有认知偏见。这种人类偏见的缺乏帮助菲尔曼尼奇克服了任何无意识的口味学家的倾向。山姆不受可以影响到最专业的调味师的一些因素的影响，这种客观性，使它可以更快速地工作。萨拉奇说：“它结合了这里所有其他调香师的知识，从而增加了价值”。）”可知，第四段主要介绍了AI厨师Sam的突出的特点。故选D。
4. 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Nicolas Maire is the model of a professional French chef with years of experience. To help perfect the flavors of the innovative foods, Mr. Maire has a new assistant chef in the form of Sam, an artificial intelligence robot.（Nicolas Maire是一个具有多年经验的专业法国厨师的典范。为了让这些创新食物的味道更完美，梅尔请了一个新的助理厨师——人工智能机器人山姆。）”结合本文介绍梅尔有了机器人助理厨师，全文在分析机器人厨师的优势，厨师们利用机器人厨师来让食品的口味变得更加完美。AI厨师可以更快更好地调配出不同的美味，满足不同顾客的需求，这也是梅尔之所以使用机器人助理厨师的原因。故A项“为什么厨师正在转向使用AI机器人”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。

【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现，海龟会因为海洋中的塑料垃圾散发出食物的味道而食用它们，介绍了研究开展的过程以及带来的启示。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段内容“The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing. This is problematic, as at least 700 kinds of ocean animals — including sharks, whales, seabirds and turtles — can become caught in the stuff or mistake it for a tasty snack.（海洋中的塑料污染数量正在迅速增加。这是有问题的，因为至少700种海洋动物——包括鲨鱼、鲸鱼、海鸟和海龟——可能会被这种东西吸引，或者误以为它是美味的零食。）”可知，塑料污染对海洋动物构成了威胁的原因是它可能会误导海洋动物认为塑料是食物。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The turtles showed no reaction to the smells of clean water or clean plastic. But when facing ocean soaked plastic or turtle food, they stuck their noses out of the water and showed increased activity.（这些海龟对干净的水和干净的塑料的气味没有任何反应。但当面对浸泡在海水中的塑料或海龟食物时，它们会把鼻子伸出水面，表现出更强的活动。）”可知，根据这项研究，海龟更喜欢海水浸泡的塑料的气味。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This finding is important because it’s the first proof that the smell of ocean plastics causes animals to eat them（这一发现很重要，因为它首次证明海洋塑料的气味会导致动物食用它们）”可知，从这项研究可知，海龟吃塑料因为它散发食物的气味。故选C。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘Once these plastics are in the ocean, we don’t have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food,’ said Lohmann. ‘The best thing we can do is to keep plastic from getting into the ocean at all.’”（Lohmann说：“一旦这些塑料进入海洋，我们没有一个好的方法来清除它们，或者防止它们闻起来像食物。我们能做的最好的事情就是阻止塑料进入海洋。”）”可知，Kenneth J Lohmann认为我们应该保持无塑料的海洋。故选B。

【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍身体语言在职场中的重要性，并给予读者一些建议。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Studies have shown that in the process of communication, non-verbal expression has 65% to 93% more influence than actual text. This means that “how to say” is more important than “what to say”. Of course, this does not mean that you don’t need to do preparation for your interviews, nor does it mean that you can take any short cuts. On the contrary, this means that you have more things to pay attention to and prepare for.（研究表明，在交流过程中，非语言表达的影响比实际文本大65%到93%。这意味着“怎么说”比“说什么”更重要。当然，这并不意味着你不需要为面试做准备，也不意味着你可以走任何捷径。相反，这意味着你有更多的事情需要注意和准备。）”可知，我们应该非常重视肢体语言。故选B。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段Amy Cuddy说的话“People can often make inferences from actions, and the results of these inferences directly affect lives: for example, who will be employed and who will be promoted.（人们通常可以从行为中做出推断，而这些推断的结果直接影响生活:例如，谁将被录用，谁将被提升。）”可知，Amy Cuddy认为人们通常从肢体语言判断一个人，身体语言影响他人对我们的印象，并且这些判断结果直接影响生活，所以身体语言对我们来说很重要，因为它影响人们对我们的印象。故选C。
3. 词义猜测题。根据下文“Instead, you should try to keep your body relaxed. You can even stand with a relatively authoritative posture（相反，你应该试着保持你的身体放松。你甚至可以以一个相对权威的姿势站立）”中instead表示转折，因此推断上文“Therefore, before interviews or important meetings, try not to lean on any object or have a hunched back.（因此，在面试或重要会议之前，尽量不要依靠于任何物体或have a hunched back。）”说明站立时不要依靠任何物体或者have a hunched back，这里的“a hunched back”应该是不好看的姿势，因此推断指“拱起的背部”，因此推断划线词hunched，指“弓身，弓背”，与A项“向前弯曲”意思相近，故选A。
4. 读者群体题。根据第二段的“In the real workplace, body language is much more important than you think.（在真实的工作场所，肢体语言比你想象的要重要得多。）”和最后一段的“Body language plays a crucial role in your job interviews, careers, and everyday life.（肢体语言在你的工作面试、职业生涯和日常生活中起着至关重要的作用。）”可知，文章探讨的是身体语言在职场中的重要性，且部分语句直接以第二人称与读者交流，给出一些建议，因此推断文章的意向读者是职场新人。故选D。

【答案】16. G 17. A 18. F 19. C 20. E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，很多人有好点子，但是不知道如何把好点子变成伟大的发明，文章中对此提出了几点建议。
1. 根据上文“Have you ever had a wonderful idea and thought it would make a great invention, but didn’t know what to do next? Here are some steps that you can take.（你是否曾经有过一个很棒的想法，认为它会成为一项伟大的发明，但却不知道下一步该怎么做？以下是你可以采取的一些步骤。）”可知，文章介绍的是如何把你的想法变成一项发明，G项意为“它们将帮助你实现梦想，成为著名的发明家。”选项内容能够承接上文说明这些建议的作用并引起下文，以下是你可以采取的一些步骤，这些步骤将帮助你实现梦想，成为著名的发明家，选项中的“They”代指上文的“some steps”。故选G。
2. 根据上文“If not, you should search through the US Patent information to see if a patent was ever created for your type of invention.（如果没有，您应该搜索美国专利信息，查看是否曾经有人为你这种类型的发明创建了专利。）”可知，上文介绍的是你应该先查看是否曾经有人为你这种类型的发明创建了专利，A项意为“如果没有”与下文“go to the next step（进行下一步）”内容能够承接上文，先看看是否曾经有人为你这种类型的发明创建了专利，如果没有的话，你就可以进行下一步了，选项中的“patent”和上文的“patent”相呼应。故选A。
3. 根据上文“The easiest thing to do is working with a company that can help you to make your dreams a reality.（最简单的事情就是与一家能帮助你实现梦想的公司合作。）”提出建议，与一家公司合作，帮助你实现梦想，因此推断F项“It can help you present your ideas and get your product to the right companies.（它可以帮助你展示你的想法，并将你的产品送到合适的公司。）”承接上文，it指代上文提到的company，讲述合作的公司能帮助你实现梦想，帮助你展示你的想法，并将你的产品送到合适的公司。故选F。
4. 根据上文“You will want to bring in a model of your invention and a complete description of your ideas.（你需要带上你的发明模型和你想法的完整描述。）”可知，上文介绍的是在与合作公司第一次见面时你需要做的准备，C项意为“准确地写下你的发明。”选项内容能够承接上文，当你与合作公司第一次见面时，你需要带上你的发明的完整描述，那就需要你准确地写下你的发明的细节，且能引起下文“Then when you meet with them, you can present it and they will tell you how marketable it is.（然后当你与他们见面时，你可以展示它，他们会告诉你它有多畅销。）”，讲述准确地写下你的发明，当你与合作公司见面时，你可以展示它。故选C。
5. 根据下文“get ready to get the benefits of becoming the next great inventor.（准备好成为下一个伟大的发明家。）”可知，你就可以准备好成为下一个伟大的发明家了，说明上文讲述你的发明被卖出去了，E项“一旦你的发明被卖给一家大公司”符合语境，说明发明被卖出去后，你就可以准备成为发明家了。故选E。

【答案】21. C 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章描述了芬兰社会中一些在我们看来的奇怪的愚蠢的现象，从反面解释了芬兰社会很高的道德标准。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：以出租车司机为例。A. Make制作；B. Put放置；C. Take以……为例；D. Set设置。根据后文“the taxi drivers for example”可知表示“以……为例子”应用take...for example。故选C。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可以去旅行中的任何地方，告诉司机在任何地方让你下车，说你有事要处理，以后再付钱给出租车司机。A. stop停止；B. pass经过；C. drop中途卸客，使落下；D. pick摘，捡。告诉司机你随时都有可能下车。根据后文“that you will pay the taxi driver later（你以后会付钱给出租车司机）”可知，你可以稍后付钱给司机，说明你到达了目的地。“drop sb. at+地点”，意为“把某人卸载在某地”。故选C项。
3. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你可以去旅行中的任何地方，告诉司机在任何地方让你下车，说你有事要处理，以后再付钱给出租车司机。A. attend to照顾，处理；B. take care当心，小心；C. take up从事，占有；D. appeal to呼吁，吸引。分析前文“some business”意为“一些事情”可知，这里应是表达“处理事情”含义，选项A“attend to”有“处理”含义。故选A项。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会毫不担心地同意，只是真诚地接受你的承诺。A. pleasure快乐；B. anxiety焦虑；C. passenger过路人；D. money钱。根据后文“but just accept your words（但只是接受你的承诺）”可知，司机会欣然接受，没有任何犹豫或担心。故选B项。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会毫不担心地同意，只是真诚地接受你的承诺。A. condition条件；B. place地方；C. seal印章；D. faith信仰；真诚。与后文“to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter（为了显示他们的诚意，就向服务员挥动他们的登记卡）”中“faith”相呼应，这里应是D项“faith”。故选D项。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有大酒店的餐厅不仅为客人服务，还为外宾提供食物。A. guests客人；B. visitors访问者；C. meals餐，饭；D. cards卡片。分析语境可知，主语“The dinning rooms（餐厅）”服务的应是酒店的客人。故选A项。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有大酒店的餐厅不仅为客人服务，还为外宾提供食物。A. waiters服务员；B. drivers司机；C. diners用餐者；D. workers工人。根据前文修饰语“outside”可推知，这里应是指非酒店客人，即外来的就餐者。故选C项。
8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：酒店客人免费用餐，所以他们自然会去免费餐厅用餐，他们最多会向服务员挥舞一下登记卡，以示诚意。A. naturally自然地，合理的；B. respectively分别地；C. secretly秘密地；D. contently满足地。根据前文“Hotel guests have their meals free（酒店客人免费用餐）”可知，酒店的顾客可以免费就餐，因此他们在这里用餐是理所当然的。故选A项。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：酒店客人免费用餐，所以他们自然会去免费餐厅用餐，他们通常会向服务员挥舞一下登记卡，以示诚意。A. best最好；B. most通常，最多；C. worst最差；D. least最少。根据前文“Hotel guests have their meals free, so they ______ go to the free dining rooms to have their meals（店的客人是免费用餐的，所以他们自然会去免费的餐厅用餐）”可知，酒店的客人可以免费就餐，因此顾客向服务员展示登记卡以示证明应该是最经常发生的事情。故选B项。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了这种松散的检查，你可以很容易地用任何旧登记卡带几个朋友去免费喝酒和吃饭。A. strict严格的；B. complete完整的；C. troublesome令人烦恼的；D. loose宽松的。根据前文“to wave their registration card to the waiter（向服务员挥舞他们的登记卡）”可知，在这里免费用餐只需要向服务人员展示登记卡，这种检查方式是宽松的。故选D项。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了这种松散的检查，你可以很容易地用任何旧登记卡带几个朋友去免费喝酒和吃饭。A. registration注册；B. charge费用；C. care关心；D. noise噪音。根据前文“Hotel guests have their meals free, so they...go to the free dining rooms to have their meals”可知，酒店的客人可以免费用餐，因此推断此处你可以很容易地用任何旧的登记卡免费用餐。“free of charge”，固定短语，意为“免费”。故选B项。
12. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果你在芬兰工作，并与老板就小时工资达成一致，那么你只需说出你工作了多少小时，就会得到相应的报酬。A. paid付款；B. debated与……辩论；C. talked谈论；D. agreed同意。根据后文“the boss（老板）”以及“on the hourly rate（按小时计酬）”可推知，这里在讲述与老板谈妥工资。“agree with sb. on sth”，固定短语，意为“在某一方面和某人一致”，符合句意。故选D项。
13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你在芬兰工作，并与老板就小时工资达成一致，那么你只需说出你工作了多少小时，就会得到相应的报酬。A. accordingly按着，相应地；B. reluctantly不情愿地；C. separately分开地；D. abruptly突然地。根据前文“have ______ the boss on the hourly rate, then you just say how many hours you have worked（与老板就小时工资达成一致，那么你只需说出你工作了多少小时）”可知，工作时已经在时薪方面达成一致，因此，只要说自己干了多长时间，就会得到相应的工资。故选A项。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：日常生活中有这么多漏洞，对那些爱占“小便宜”的人来说，芬兰肯定是个好国家。A. hesitate犹豫；B. hate厌恶；C. love关爱；D. refuse拒绝。根据前文“With so many loop holes in everyday life（芬兰日常生活中有如此多的漏洞）”可推知，正因为芬兰日常生活中有如此多的漏洞，所以对于那些喜欢贪小便宜的人来说，那里简直是天堂。故选C项。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但奇怪的是，所有的出租车乘客总是在处理完他们的生意后回来付车费；在免费的酒店餐厅里没有发现一个外来者；工人们总是给出他们投入的确切时间。A. strange奇怪的；B. difficult困难的；C. complex复杂的；D. imaginative具有想象力的。分析语境并结合常识可知，前文“take ‘pretty advantages’(贪小便宜)”提及的在这样一个存在漏洞的国家贪小便宜是正常的，反而“all the taxi passengers always come back to pay their ______ after they have attended to their business; not a ______ outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms; workers always give the exact hours they have ______.（所有的出租车乘客总是在处理完他们的生意后回来付车费；在免费的酒店餐厅里没有发现一个外来者；工人们总是给出他们投入的确切时间。）”是令人感到奇怪的。故选A项。
16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但奇怪的是，所有的出租车乘客总是在处理完他们的生意后回来付车费；在免费的酒店餐厅里没有发现一个外来者；工人们总是给出他们投入的确切时间。A. business生意；B. trip旅行；C. fine罚款；D. fare费用。根据主语为“all the taxi passengers（所有的乘客）”可推知，这里指支付乘车费。故选D项。
17. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但奇怪的是，所有的出租车乘客总是在处理完他们的生意后回来付车费；在免费的酒店餐厅里没有发现一个外来者；工人们总是给出他们投入的确切时间。A. familiar熟悉的；B. faithful忠诚的；C. single单一的；D. usual通常的。结合前后文，出租车乘客总是会来付车费，工人们总是给出确切的工作时间，此处说的是没有一个外来者免费就餐，“not a single”，固定短语，意为“一个也没有”。故选C项。
18. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但奇怪的是，所有的出租车乘客总是在处理完他们的生意后回来付车费；在免费的酒店餐厅里没有发现一个外来者；工人们总是给出他们投入的确切时间。A. worked out解决；B. put in提出，投入（时间、精力）；C. took in理解；D. ran out耗尽。分析语境可知，这里应是与前文“how many hours you have worked（你工作了多少时间）”表达含义相同，即，工人们都会说出准确的工作时长，选项B“put in”有“投入时间或精力”含义，符合句意表达。故选B项。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于芬兰人总是诚信行事，做任何事总是抱着“对就是对”、“错就是错”的态度，所以生活在这样的社会里，把每个人都变成了真正的“绅士”。A. religion宗教；B. law法律；C. idiom习惯用语；D. attitude态度。后文“‘right is right’ and ‘wrong is wrong’ （“对的就是对的”，“错的就是错的”）”是芬兰人的生活态度。故选D项。
20. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们认为的“愚蠢”其实是芬兰人的生活方式。A. eventually最后；B. accidentally偶然地；C. actually事实上；D. temporarily临时地。分析语境可知，加了引号的“foolish”是指前文“As the Finns always act on good faith and always have a (an) _____ of “right is right” and “wrong is wrong” in everything they do（“因为芬兰人总是本着诚信行事，在他们所做的每件事上都有“对就是对”和“错就是错”的态度）”提及的芬兰人的生活方式。这实际上是一种生活方式。故选C项。

【答案】41. erupted
42. However
43. of
44. using
45. taken
46. areas
47. worse
48. Consequently
49. recovery
50. that
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汤加火山爆发的情况及其对该地区的影响。
1. 考查动词时态。句意：2022年1月15日，汤加王国的一座水下火山爆发。根据时间状语on January 15可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填erupted。
2. 考查副词。句意：然而，它对汤加的影响数日未明。上文“这次13英里宽的火山喷发造成了高达19英里的大量火山灰和气体喷发。”和下文“它对汤加的影响数日未明。”之间是转折关系，有逗号与主句分开，用副词however，故填However。
3. 考查介词。句意：爆炸发生后不到20分钟，这个由170个小岛组成的南太平洋国家陷入黑暗。consist of...“由……组成”是固定短语，故填of。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：2022年1月18日，汤加政府终于通过卫星互联网提供了这场灾难的细节。句子的谓语动词是provided，句子没有连词，故use用非谓语动词形式，use与逻辑主语the Tongan government是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填using。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：卫星和飞机拍摄的航空图像显示，这个原本绿色的岛国完全被一层浓密的深灰色火山灰覆盖。分析句子可知，take作定语，修饰images，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动含义，故填taken。
6. 考查名词。句意：许多地区因被冲向陆地的巨浪而内涝，通常清澈的蓝色海洋已经变成了有点棕色。area“地区”是可数名词，由many修饰用复数，故填areas。
7. 考查固定搭配。句意：更糟糕的是，一团灰烬在这个岛国上空停留了四天。固定搭配to make matters worse“更糟糕的是”。故填worse。
8. 考查副词。句意：结果，这些国家难以运送急需的物资。修饰整个句子用副词作状语，故填Consequently。
9. 考查名词。句意：汤加的恢复将不是容易的。分析句子可知，用名词作主语，recovery“恢复”，根据句意，此处用单数，故填recovery。
10. 考查名词性从句。句意：有报道称，农作物受到了广泛的破坏，科学家们认为，火山喷发可能导致大多数海洋生物死亡。分析句子可知，空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明抽象名词belief（看法），从句句意完整，成分齐全，用that引导的同位语从句，不作成分，仅起引导作用，无词义。故填that。

【答案】
1. have→has
2. or→and
3. obviously→obvious
4. learn前加to
5. 去掉more
6. ignoring→ignored
7. their→our
8. opportunity→opportunities
9. On→In
10. be→being
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在线学习的优点和缺点及如何成为聪明的在线学习者。
1. 考查主谓一致。句意：在线学习已经成为一种重要的学习方式。“online learning”是单数，因此其后用第三人称单数has，文章的时态使用一般现在时，故将have改为has。
2. 考查连词。句意：然而，在线学习不但有优点而且也有缺点。both...and...“不但……而且”是并列结构，根据句意，故将or改为and。
3. 考查形容词。句意：其优点是显而易见的。系动词are后用形容词obvious作表语，故将obviously改为obvious。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它让我们能够随时随地学习。allow sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“允许某人做某事”，用不定式to learn作宾语补足语，故在learn前加to。
5. 考查比较级。句意：此外，我们更容易吸收网上可用的资源。easier是比较级，用much修饰，因此more是多余的，故去掉more。
6. 考查被动语态。句意：然而，它的缺点也不容忽视。缺点是不被忽视，句子用被动语态，即cannot be done，因此be后应用过去分词ignored，故将ignoring改为ignored。
7. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：长时间盯着屏幕对我们的眼睛有害。根据语境可知，句子表示“长时间盯着屏幕对我们的眼睛有害”，“我们的”是our，形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故将their改为our。
8. 考查名词的复数。句意：更糟糕的是，我们没有很多机会与老师和同学互动。many后需跟名词的复数opportunities，故将opportunity改为opportunities。
9. 考查介词和固定短语。句意：总之，只有成为聪明的在线学习者，我们才能真正享受现代技术的好处。in conclusion是固定短语，意为“总之”，故将On改为In。
10. 考查动名词。句意同上。by是介词，接动名词作宾语，故将be改为being。

【答案】
Dear classmates,
I am Li Hua, your monitor. As we know, summer holiday is around the corner. In order to have a pleasant holiday, I want to give you some advice.
First of all, we should make a schedule about our studying so that we won’t fall behind next term. By the way, I will organize a reading group. Everyone is welcomed if interested. Besides, instead of lying on the bed we’d better go out to take exercise, which is good for our health. According to the headmaster, there will be some special interest groups during this holiday, such as plane model making, paper cutting, painting and so on. If you want to take part, please come to me to sign up.
Hope all of us have a happy and meaningful summer holiday. Look forward to seeing a better you next term.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是班长李华，暑假即将来临，请你用英文给全班同学写一封建议信。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
愉快的：pleasant→merry
建议：advice→suggestion
此外：besides→in addition
参加：take part→participate in
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：By the way, I will organize a reading group. Everyone is welcomed if interested.
拓展句：By the way, I will organize a reading group where everyone is welcomed if interested.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First of all, we should make a schedule about our studying so that we won’t fall behind next term.（运用了so that引导的目的状语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, instead of lying on the bed we’d better go out to take exercise, which is good for our health.（运用了动名词作宾语，which引导得非限制性定语从句）