山西省运城市芮城中学2021-2022学年高二下学期开学摸底考试英语试题含解析

这是一份山西省运城市芮城中学2021-2022学年高二下学期开学摸底考试英语试题含解析，共24页。

芮城中学高二年级月考
英语试题
本试题共150分，时间120分钟
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Take a view, the Landscape(风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd(2011)
Skiddaw in Winter
Cumbria, England
It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black — and — white image(图像).
Timothy Smith(2014)
Macclesfield Forest
Cheshire, England
I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe. a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.

1. Who would most probably enter for Take a view?
A. Writers. B. Photographers. C. Painters. D. Tourists.
2. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common?
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes.
D. They focus on snow-covered forests.
3. Where can the text be found?
A. In a history book. B. In a novel. C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.

Eugene O’Neill, who was born in 1888, in New York, was a leading American drama writer and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936. His father was a successful touring actor. Because of that, Eugene spent his early childhood in hotels, on trains, and backstage. Although later in his life he grew to hate his father for not giving him security in his early years and a loving and comfortable family, he had the theater in his blood.
As a student, O’Neill went to boarding schools but spent the summers in a moderate house his family owned. He left Princeton University in 1907, only about one year after he entered it, to start what he later called his real education in “life experience”. At the age of 24, he was hired as a reporter and poetry column writer for the Net London Telegraph, where he worked for only a few months.
O’Neill didn’t cut a figure in playwriting until the summer of 1916, when he was in a peaceful village of Provincetown. Massachusetts, where some young writers and artists had founded an experimental theater. Before that, he had written awkward melodramas (情节剧) that were hardly accepted by the mainstream of American theater. While O’Neill was only one of those whose plays were produced by the theater, he led the group to success because of his contribution within the next few years. Between 1916 and 1920, the theater produced all of O’Neill’s one-act sea plays. By the time his first full-length play, Beyond the Horizon, was produced on Broadway on February 2,1920, at the Morosco Theater, the young playwright already had a small reputation.
Theater critics spoke highly of Beyond the Horizon for its tragic realism. The play brought O’Neill more public attention, as well as his first Pulitzer Prize, apart from which he won another three for Anna Christie, Strange Interlude, and Long Day’s Journey Into Night. Over the next two decades. O’Neill continued to gain reputation nationally and globally. He became the most widely translated and produced dramatist after Shakespeare and Bernard Shaw.
4. What might inspire O’Neill’s passion for theater?
A. His father’s career.
B. The support of his family.
C. Hotel rooms he had lived in
D. Stories he had heard on trains.
5. Why did O’Neill drop out of Princeton University?
A. He didn’t want to study in a boarding school.
B. He wanted to receive real education from life.
C. He got a job from the Nee London Telegraph.
D. He was unsatisfied with the quality of university education.
6. What does the underlined phrase “cut a figure” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Show interest. B. Hold a degree. C. Attract attention. D. Receive an award.
7. What can we learn about O’Neill’s Beyond the Horizon?
A. It enhanced his reputation in the field of theater.
B. It drew theater critics’ attention to tragic realism.
C. It inspired him to compose another three dramas.
D. It made him the most widely translated and produced dramatist.


Technologically, the 20-year jump from 2015 to 2035 will be huge. Back in 1995 we were in the early days of the Internet, we worked in small rooms and our computers were heavy and powered by Windows 95. There were no touch screen phones or flat screen TVs; people laughed at the idea of reading electronic books.
So, what will our world really be like in 2035? What will the future jobs and technology be like? The world in 2035 will probably be much like it is today, but smarter and more automatic. We can see the future of our work first.
Taxi drivers will be replaced by self-driving Uber cars and receptionists will be replaced by robots. Doctors can use vast medical databases and travel agents will be wiped out by trip-planning, flight-booking web services. Even writers are threatened by companies such as Narrative Science, which currently uses AI to create sports reports and financial updates.
Obviously, there will also be new jobs created: the computer engineer who fixes the self-driving Uber taxis, programmers, space tour guides and vertical (垂直的) farmers. Technology will continue to disrupt (扰乱) businesses and get rid of jobs, creating new professions we can’t yet envisage now.
Those of us who work probably won’t do so in a traditional office either. We’re already seeing a shift in the definition of work. It’s now a task you perform, not a place you go to. Productivity is no longer measured by sitting at a desk. There’s no nine to five. No job for life.
The biggest advantage of working from home is that you save a lot of time commuting back and forth to work. You can spend extra time with your children or spouse and read the newspaper instead of sitting in traffic. Of course, advanced technology will ensure that most of us can work from home.
8. What’s the function of the questions in paragraph 2?
A. Leading in the topic of the article.
B. Raising the thinking of the readers.
C. Introducing the work of the future.
D. Inspiring readers to explore the future.
9. What does the underlined word “envisage” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Assess. B. Ignore. C. Imagine. D. Reject.
10. Where will most people work in the future?
A. In the office. B. At the hotel. C. In the open air. D. At home.
11. What will be discussed in the following paragraph?
A. The future health.
B. The future technology.
C. The future marriage.
D. The future transportation.

Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world. They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge.
The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable (可持续性) development. A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001, the World Heritage Committee (WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien-Mitte project. This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site’s buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale (规模) and visual effects in and around the property (地产). As a result of the Committee’s concerns, Vienna changed its building codes and launched a new design competition for the Wien-Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.
The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture, held in Vienna in May 2005. The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development, was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011.
The Recommendation put forwards an all-rounded and combined approach to balancing urban heritage (遗产) conservation and economic development, arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development.
The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary involvement into the historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history, memory and the environment.
12. Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in Paragraph 1?
A. To explain the goal of the organization.
B. To encourage the public to protect the world.
C. To show the positive effect of conservation.
D. To remind people of the environmental problems.
13. Why was WHC worried about the Wien-Mitte project?
A. It took up too much public land of the city.
B. It had a bad effect on the Historic Centre of Vienna.
C. Its original designs were not environmentally friendly.
D. Its architectural solutions couldn’t meet safety standards.
14. What did the global discussion focus on?
A. The ways to combine conservation and development.
B. The creation of the new UNESCO Recommendation.
C. The international urban management and development.
D. The styles of the contemporary architecture of Vienna.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To examine the challenges faced by global urban planners.
B. To introduce alternative ways of protecting the environment.
C. To stress the importance of the value of history and memory.
D. To promote active conservation and sustainable development.

第二部分 七选五 (共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Kids’ health: Four steps for fighting stress
Everybody gets stressed from time to time. ___16___ Some ways of dealing with stress — like screaming or hitting someone — don’t solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.
Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:
(1)Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. ___17___ They might have had similar problems，such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.
(2)Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that’s not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don’t take it out on yourself. ___18___
(3)Try to solve the problem. After you’re calm and you have support from adults and friends, it’s time to get down to business. ___19___ Even if you can’t solve all of it, you can solve a piece of it.
(4)Be positive. Most stress is temporary (暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.
These steps aren’t magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you’ll help yourself feel better even faster. ___20___
A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.
B. Notice your friends’ feelings and find a way to help them.
C. Different people feel stress in different ways.
D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
E. You need to figure out what the problem is.
F. And don’t forget about your friends.
G. Then, find a way to calm down.


第三部分 完形填空 (共两节, 满分55分)
第一节(共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下面短义从短文后各题所给的ABC和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In January 2018, I was commuting (通勤) from Brooklyn to New Jersey. I have two little kids and a busy business, so a quiet train ride felt like a mini ___21___. Yet I found myself spending that ___22___ time scrolling through my social media feeds. One day, I ___23___ my phone and started writing thank-you notes to people who had ___24___ to a fund I had organized.
When I got off the train that day, I was in a noticeably better ___25___. The next day, I wrote more thank-yous — and felt the same. When I finished writing the notes, I ___26___ them up. There were 31 — one for every day of the year so far. Something ___27___. What if I kept it up?
I decided to write one thank-you note for every day of that year. I had no shortage of people I was ___28___ for. So I picked out a different ___29___ for each month. January was charity — and, thankfully, I had already completed that ___30___.
February would be ___31___ to neighbors, and I thought of a dozen names right away. I remembered when the owners of our local bookstore let me and my five-year-old son, Henry, in before the store opened. I ___32___ when our 14-year-old babysitter ___33___ a bag of old board games for our kids to play.
Writing the notes wasn’t all that ___34___: Each was two or three sentences long, taking just a few minutes to ___35___. I focused on the person I was writing to and what I wanted to say, and the words came fairly easily. That focus felt ___36___. It was good for my brain, which had been trained to ___37___ from this feed to that e-mail.
While writing the notes, I eventually realized why this task was the perfect antidote (解药) to my social ___38___. What was I actually doing when I scrolled through Facebook? More often than not, I was ___39___ other people’s lives — their beach vacations, their organized kitchens. Writing thank-you notes was an act of noticing and ___40___ my own life.
21. A. trip B. adventure C. vacation D. celebration
22. A. lonely B. precious C. boring D. tiring
23. A. picked up B. brought out C. put up D. put down
24. A. contributed B. offered C. led D. expanded
25. A. mood B. situation C. position D. harmony
26. A. folded B. arranged C. piled D. counted
27. A. happened B. clicked C. appeared D. presented
28. A. thoughtful B. awful C. grateful D. respectful
29. A. theme B. topic C. object D. range
30. A. cause B. assignment C. goal D. contract
31. A. written B. provided C. celebrated D. devoted
32. A. reminded B. recalled C. recognized D. reflected
33. A. dropped off B. took off C. set off D. put off
34. A. tiring B. boring C. breath-taking D. time-consuming
35. A. form B. compose C. accumulate D. type
36. A. exhausting B. desperate C. refreshing D. independent
37. A. work B. lock C. fasten D. wander
38. A. feeds B. media C. activities D. participations
39. A. observing B. admiring C. following D. sharing
40. A. lengthening B. purifying C. honoring D. varying


第四部分 语法填空 (共10小题；每题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___41___ (educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___42___(develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___43___(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___44___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___45___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___46___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___47___(visit) the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___48___(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___49___(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim _____50_____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.


第五部分 单句语法填空 (每题1分，共10分)
51. You should make ________ clear how much the person means to you and how hard he or she has worked for you.
52. I must make an________ (apologize) to him for not going to his party.
53. The reason why the film is so popular is ________ it reflects social reality.
54. Mr Black will be in charge during my________ (absent).
55. Only if a teacher gives ________(permit) is a student allowed to enter the teacher’s office.
56. Strange ,isn’t it? But that’s how nature is—always leaving us ________ (astonish).
57. Many young people, most of ________ were college graduates ,headed for remote areas to chase their dreams.
58. To master a foreign language ________ (be) of great importance nowadays.
59. It’s no good ________ (tell) him—he won’t listen.
60. If she had been aware that the mushrooms were ________ (poison), she wouldn’t have picked them for dinner.


第六部分 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，是校学生会主席，你得知英国交换生Peter对中国传统节日非常有兴趣，想邀请他参加学生会举办的元宵节(the Lantern Festival) 庆祝活动。请给他写封邮件。
内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.内容（赏灯、猜灯谜、吃元宵等）。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

#########################################
阅读理解
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Take a view, the Landscape(风景)Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers.(Take a view，年度风景摄影师奖是Charlie Waite的主意，他是当今最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一。)”可知摄影师最有可能参加Take a view。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据Mike Shepherd部分“It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air.(那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾。)”和Timothy Smith部分“I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.(我回到我的家乡Macclesfield拍摄一些冬季的照片。)”可知Shepherd 和 Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.(每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度竞赛。)”结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。故选C。

【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了著名戏剧家O'Neill的生平经历和成就。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“His father was a successful touring actor. Because of that, Eugene spent his early childhood in hotels, on trains, and backstage.（他的父亲是一个成功的巡回演员。因为那样，他在宾馆、火车以及后台度过了他的童年）”可知，是他父亲的职业激发了他对戏剧的热情，故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“He left Princeton University in 1907, only about one year after he entered it, to start what he later called his real education in “life experience”.（在他入学约一年后，他于1907年离开了普林斯顿大学，去开始他后来视为从“生活经验”中的真正教育）”可知。他是为了从生活中获得真正的教育，故选B。
3.词义猜测题。根据本段第三句“While O’Neill was only one of those whose plays were produced by the theater, he led the group to success because of his contribution within the next few years. Between 1916 and 1920, the theater produced all of O'Neill's one-act sea plays.（尽管O’Neill只是唯一使用剧院创作的剧本的演员，因为他后面几年的贡献，他带领这个团队取得了成功。）”可知，他开始取得成功和关注，故选C。
4.细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The play brought O’Neill more public attention, as well as his first Pulitzer Prize,（这部戏剧让O'Neill受到公众的更多关注，以及他的第一个普利策奖，）”可知，他的名气得到进一步提升，即这部戏剧巩固了他在戏剧领域的名气，故选A。


【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在未来的工作是什么样子。
1.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We can see the future of our work first.（我们可以先看看我们工作的未来。）”可知，文章接下来主要是讲在未来的工作是什么样子，所以第二段里的问题的功能是引导文章主题。故选A。
2.词句猜测题。根据第四段最后一句中的“creating new professions（创造新的职业）”可知，此处是指未来会有我们现在无法想象的新的职业创造出来，所以envisage意为“想象”。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Those of us who work probably won’t do so in a traditional office either.（我们这些工作的人可能也不会在传统的办公室里做这些。）”和第三句“It’s now a task you perform, not a place you go to.（它现在是你执行的任务，而不是你去的地方。）”以及最后一段最后一句“Of course, advanced technology will ensure that most of us can work from home.（当然，先进的技术将确保我们大多数人可以在家工作。）”可知，未来大多数人会在家工作。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Of course, advanced technology will ensure that most of us can work from home.（当然，先进的技术将确保我们大多数人可以在家工作。）”可知，文章接下来要讨论的是未来的技术。故选B。



【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个遗产保护和可持续发展相结合的成功案例，目的是促进积极的遗产保护和可持续发展。
1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world.”可知，有效保护世界遗产的例子对世界很重要，紧接着提到伯利兹大堡礁就是为了证明这一点，由此可知作者在第一段提到伯利兹大堡礁就是为了展示遗产保护的积极作用，故C项正确。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site’s buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale (规模) and visual effects in and around the property (地产).（该开发项目靠近位于场地缓冲区的维也纳历史中心，位于两个或多个其他区域之间，影响了场地内和周围的城市规模和视觉效果。）”由此可知，世界遗产委员会担心Wien-Mitte项目是因为它对维也纳的历史中心产生了不良影响，故B项正确。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development”可知，全球讨论的焦点是把遗产保护和发展结合起来的方法，故A项正确。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable (可持续性) development.”可知，文章主要介绍了几个遗产保护和可持续发展相结合的成功案例，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是促进积极的遗产保护和可持续发展，故D项正确。


七选五
【答案】16. C 17. F 18. A 19. E 20. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要关注孩子健康：如何排解压力。
1.C根据下文的“Some ways of…和But other ways…”说明人们处理压力有多种方法，故C项符合上下文。
2.F本段讲述的是向别人寻求支持，除了你的父母和亲戚，也不要忘记你的朋友。故F项符合上下文。
3.A根据前一句“Don’t take it out on yourself”不要总是独自承担一切，要寻求别人的帮助，故A项符合上下文串联。
4.E根据上一句“it’s time to get down to business.”说明是时候解决问题了，首先你要知道你要解决的问题是什么。故E项符合上下文。
5.D根据上一句“And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you’ll help yourself feel better even faster.”说明如果我们能够保持积极向上的态度，就会感觉很好。故D项符合上下文的含义。

完形填空
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一次坐火车通勤时，选择放下手机，开始给那些为她组织的基金捐款的人写感谢信。下车之后，她的心情明显好了很多。之后她决定那一年的每天都写一封感谢信，并且每一个月都有不同的主题。在这个过程中，她学会了关注和欣赏自己的生活。
1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有两个小孩，生意又很忙，所以一次安静的火车旅行感觉就像一个迷你假期。A. trip旅程；B. adventure冒险；C. vacation假期；D. celebration 庆典。根据前文“I have two little kids and a busy business,”可知作者有两个孩子要养，生意也很忙，所以一次安静的火车旅行对于作者来说就像一个短暂的假期，让她暂时摆脱繁忙的生活。故选C项。
2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我发现自己把宝贵的时间花在了刷社交媒体的信息上。A. lonely 孤独的；B. precious 珍贵的；C. boring 无聊的；D. tiring 累人的。根据前文“I have two little kids and a busy business, so a quiet train ride felt like a mini ______ .”可知在火车上的这段时间对于生活繁忙的作者来说就像是一个迷你假期，这段时间对于作者来说自然是珍贵的。故选B项。
3.考查动词词组辨析。句意：有一天，我放下手机，开始给那些为我组织的基金捐款的人写感谢信。A. picked up捡起；B. brought out出版；生产；C. put up 举起，张贴；D. put down 放下。根据后文“started writing thank-you notes to people”可知作者开始写感谢信，这说明她没有玩手机，把手机放下了。故选D项。
4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我放下手机，开始给那些为我组织的基金捐款的人写感谢信。A. contributed为……做贡献；捐助；B. offered提供；C. led 带领；D. expanded 扩展。根据“started writing thank-you notes to people”可知作者给一些人写感谢信，根据“to a fund I had organized. ”可知作者创办了一个基金，结合上下文推知这些人给作者的基金捐款了，作者因此给他们写感谢信。故选A项。
5.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天下火车时，我的心情明显好了许多。A. mood 心境；情绪；B. situation情况；C. position位置；D. harmony 协调；融洽。作者下火车后，心情好了很多。故选A项。
6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：写完感谢信之后，我数了数它们的数量。A. folded折叠；B. arranged管理；安排；C. piled 堆积；D. counted 计算；数数。根据后文“There were 31”可知作者写了31封感谢信，说明作者数了数她写了多少感谢信。故选D项。
7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到。如果我继续这样做呢？A. happened 发生；B. clicked 豁然开朗；突然想到；C. appeared出现；D. presented 呈现。根据后文“What if I kept it up? ”可知作者突然有了一个想法：如果她继续写感谢信会怎么样呢? 故选B项。
8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我并不缺少让我感激的人。A. thoughtful 深思的；体贴的；B. awful可怕的；C. grateful 感激的；D. respectful 有礼貌的；恭敬的。根据前文“I decided to write one thank-you note for every day of that year.”可知作者决定那一年每天都写一封感谢信，感谢信的对象肯定是作者所感激的人，所以这里要表达的是“我并不缺少让我感激的人”。故选C项。
9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我每个月都会选择不同的主题。A. theme主题；B. topic 话题；C. object 目标；物体；D. range 范围。根据后文“January was charity —”可知一月的主题是慈善，也就是说每个月份作者会定下一个主题。故选A项。
10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：一月份的主题是慈善 — 幸运地，我已经完成了这个目标。A. cause原因；B. assignment作业；任务；C. goal目标；D. contract 合同；契约。根据“January was charity”可知作者一月份写感谢信的主题是慈善，结合前文“When I finished writing the notes, I _____ them up. There were 31 —”可知作者已经写了31感谢信给那些为她基金捐款的人，这正好和一月主题—慈善相符，也就是说作者已经完成了一月份每天写一封感谢信，主题是慈善的这个目标。故选C项。
11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：二月是献给邻居的，并且我马上想到了十几个名字。A. written 写；B. provided 提供；C. celebrated庆祝；D. devoted 奉献，致力于。根据后文“I remembered when the owners of our local bookstore…”可知作者在一段回忆了她和邻居比如当地书店老板之间的事，这说明二月份是用来写感谢信给邻居的。故选D项。
12.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回想起我们14岁的保姆放下了一袋旧棋盘游戏给我们孩子玩的时候。 A. reminded提醒；B. recalled回想起；C. recognized 认识；承认；D. reflected 反思；反映。根据“I remembered when… ”可知在这一段中，作者回想了她与邻居之间的故事，所以这里作者回想起（recalled）她家14岁的保姆曾经做过的事。故选B项。
13.考查动词词组辨析。句意：我回想起我们14岁的保姆放下了一袋旧棋盘游戏给我们孩子玩的时候。A. dropped off 丢下；B.took off 起飞；突然成功；C. set off 出发；引起；D.put off 推迟；拖延。根据“a bag of old board games for our kids to play”可知这个14岁的小保姆放下一袋子旧棋盘游戏给作者的孩子玩。故选A项。
14.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：写感谢信并不那么费时间：每封信都只有两三句话，只需要几分钟就可以完成。A. tiring 累人的；B.boring 无聊的；C. breath-taking 激动人心的；令人惊讶的；D. time-consuming 费时的。根据后文“Each was two or three sentences long, taking just a few minutes”可知每封感谢信只有两三句话，花几分钟就可以完成，所以写感谢信并不是那么费时间。故选D项。
15.考查动词词义辨析。句意：写感谢信并不那么费时间：每封信都只有两三句话，只需要几分钟就可以完成。A. form形成；组成；B. compose创作，写（信，诗或演讲稿）；C. accumulate 积累；累计；D. type 打字。根据“Each was two or three sentences long, taking just a few minutes”可知每封感谢信只有两三句话，所以花几分钟就可以写完。故选B项。
16.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种专注让人耳目一新。A. exhausting让人精疲力竭的；B. desperate 拼命的；渴望的；C. refreshing 使人耳目一新的；D. independent 独立的。根据前文“I focused on the person I was writing to and what I wanted to say, and the words came fairly easily”可知作者把注意力集中在她写信的对象和她想说的话上，字句脱口而出。这种体验对于作者来说是令人耳目一新的。故选C项。
17.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对我的大脑是有好处的，（之前）我的大脑已经被训练的能从这个信息走神到那封邮件。A. work工作；B. lock锁上；C. fasten扎牢；D. wander 走神；开小差。根据“from this feed to that e-mail”可知作者之前容易思绪飘荡，一会关注社交媒体上的消息，一会又关注邮件，故选D项。
18.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在写感谢信的时候，我终于意识到为什么这个任务是我社交信息的完美解毒剂。A. feeds（博客，社交网站，新闻网站等）的信息推送；B.media 媒体；C. activities活动；D. participations 参与。根据前文“myself spending that ____ time scrolling through my social media feeds”可知作者把时间浪费在社交媒体信息上，这里是原词复现，指“社交媒体上的推送信息”，故选A项。
19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我常常欣赏别人的生活 — 他们的海滩假期，他们整齐有序的厨房。A. observing 观察；B. admiring 欣赏；C. following 跟随；D. sharing 分享。根据后文“their beach vacations, their organized kitchens”可知作者在Facebook看到别人的海滩假期和整齐有序的厨房，这种生活很美好，所以作者应该是在欣赏别人的生活。故选B项。
20.考查动词词义辨析。句意：写感谢信是一种关注和尊重自己生活的行为。 A. lengthening加长；B. purifying净化；C. honoring给……荣誉；尊重；D. varying变化。根据前文“More often than not, I was ______ other people’s lives”可知作者常常欣赏别人的生活，结合此句中的“my own life”可知作者这里要表达的是，写感谢信让她把目光放在自己的生活上，是一种关注和尊重自己生活的行为。故选C项。

语法填空
【答案】
41. educated
42. development
43. its
44. until
45. the
46. of
47. visiting
48. financial
49. Activities
50. to have
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了生态旅游通常被认为是到未受干扰地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
1.考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
2.考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development，表示“发展”，作动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
3.考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。结合语意，此处表示生态旅游有它的起源，空处应用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”，符合句意。故填its。
4.考查介词。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，应用短语not…until…，表示“直到……才……”，符合句意。故填until。
5.考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。结合语意，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，空处应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
6.考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配，表示“各种各样的”，所以空处应填介词of。故填of。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：最大限度地减少参观这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
8.考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。空格修饰名词aid，应用形容词形式作定语，financial是形容词，表示“财政的”，符合句意。故填financial。
9.考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。分析句子结构，空处应用名词作句子主语，应用名词的复数形式表示泛指，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Activities。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。aim to do为固定短语，表示“旨在……，目的是……”，符合句意，所以空处应用不定式形式。故填to have。


单句语法填空
【答案】
51. it
52. apology
53.that
54.absence
55.permission
56.astonished
57.whom
58.is
59.telling
60.poisonous
【解析】
1.考查代词。句意：你应该弄清楚这个人对你有多重要，他或她为你工作有多辛苦。分析句子，该空需要代词it作形式宾语，指代后面的宾语从句，make it clear...“说清楚，使……清楚”。故填it。
2.考查名词。句意：我没有去参加他的聚会，必须向他道歉。固定搭配：make an apology to sb. for sth.“因某事向某人道歉”；所给词apologize是动词，其名词是apology。故填apology。
3.考查表语从句。句意：这部电影如此受欢迎的原因是它反映了社会现实。分析句子可知，is是系动词，故空格处引导表语从句，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用连接词that引导表语从句，that无词义，不作成分，仅起引导作用，故填that。
4.考查名词。句意：布莱克先生将在我不在期间负责工作 。分析句子可知，形容词物主代词修饰名词，absent “缺席的”是形容词，名词形式是absence “缺席；不在”，不可数名词，故填absence。
5.考查名词。句意：只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进入老师的办公室。根据gives可知此处要用名词做宾语，permission“许可，允许”是不可数名词。故填permission。
6.考查形容词。句意：很奇怪，不是吗？但这就是自然—总是让我们惊讶。分析句子，该空需要一个形容词作leaving的宾语的补足语，补充说明us，所给动词astonish，其形容词astonishing和astonished，形容人应使用astonished。故填astonished。
7.考查关系代词。句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数是大学毕业生，前往偏远地区追逐他们的梦想。分析句子，该空需要关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词people在从句中做介词of的宾语。故填whom。
8.考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：现在，掌握一门外语极其重要。根据句子分析可知，to master a foreign language为动词不定式作主语，其谓语动词要用单数，且此处陈述客观事实，故要用一般现在时。故填is。
9.考查固定句型。句意：告诉他没用，他不会听的。It is no good doing是固定句型，表示“做......是没用；做......没有好处”，故填telling。
10.考查形容词。句意：如果她知道蘑菇是有毒的，她就不会采蘑菇当晚餐了。结合句意分析句子可知，该空需要形容词作表语，应用提示词poison的同根形容词poisonous，意为“有毒的”。故填poisonous。

书面表达
【答案】
Dear Peter,
Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese traditional festivals, I would love to invite you to join us in the coming Lantern Festival celebration.
The celebration, organized by the Student Union, is to be held at 7:00 p.m. next Wednesday in the school garden. As is well known, the Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month, which is regarded as the most recreational among all the Chinese festivals. You are bound to be entertained and dazzled by a wide range of colorful activities, including watching lanterns of various shapes and sizes, guessing lantern riddles, enjoying folk dances, and eatingYuanxiao.
Not to be missed! Come and experience this magnificent festival with us！
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生给英国交换生Peter写一封邀请信，邀请他参加学生会举办的元宵节（the Lantern Festival）庆祝活动，并告知他活动的时间、地点以及内容。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
对……感兴趣：take a great fancy to → have great interest in/be keen on/be enthusiastic about/be fascinated by
重大的：significant → great/important/major
一定会……：be bound to do/be sure to do/be certain to do
被看做……： is regarded as → is viewed as/is seen as
2句式拓展：
原句：Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese traditional festivals, I would love to invite you to join us in the coming Lantern Festival celebration.
拓展句：Conveyed from the fact that you are fascinated by Chinese traditional festivals, I hasten to invite you to join us in the coming Lantern Festival celebration.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】
Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese traditional festivals, I would love to invite you to join us in the coming Lantern Festival celebration.（现在分词作状语。）
【高分句型2】
As is well known, the Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month, which is regarded as the most recreational among all the Chinese festivals.（which引导的非限制性定语从句。）