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福建省厦门市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题含答案
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这是一份福建省厦门市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题含答案，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，开放性作文，概要写作等内容，欢迎下载使用。
福建省厦门市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Below is a page taken from a book.
1. Where can you find Present and Absent Teachers?
A. PP 3-15. B. PP 16-20. C. PP 21-30. D. PP 31-44.
2. Which section should you refer to if you want to increase reading speed?
A. The Activity and Art of Reading.
B. The Levels of Reading.
C. The First Level of Reading: Elementary Reading.
D. The Second Level of Reading: Inspectional Reading.
3. What is the book probably about?
A. Arts.
B. Furniture sale.
C. Reading.
D. Discovery learning.
I learned chess when I was young. By the age of eight I was an ordinary child, but through chess I knew the excitement of playing in the same primary school team as my older brother three years ahead, and soon afterwards I experienced the pride of representing my city. My love for chess offered periodic escape from my ordinary life.
By the time I was 10 my family had fallen apart. And I came to live with my grandfather. The family’s chess set was laid in the bay window. That space was soon surrounded by games collections, endgame strategy books and books on opening theory. I played out book contents on the board, typically with the left hand holding the book open, the right hand moving the pieces, and the eyes moving between book and board, as if watching a very slow tennis match of my own staging. That square metre of space changed my life. That was the place where I “got good”.
Chess achievement gave me intellectual confidence that I might otherwise not have had Many teachers had long told me, “If you are good at chess you should be able to do this.” Rejected this idea for years, mostly because it meant I had to try harder, yet at 15 I decided they might be right after all. I began to love reading and learning and thinking and writing and speaking. I’d go on to Oxford, Harvard and a PhD, but there was nothing unavoidable about this development. I was not a particularly promising pupil and could have been at a loss, doing badly at school or even worse.
Aldous Huxley famously wrote that “experience is not what happens to you, it is what you do with what happens to you”. Our life experience is not one event after another but a series of opportunities for us to grow. So I decided to be less defined by my circumstances(境遇) and more capable of shaping them.
4. What was the author proud of?
A. Learning chess at an early age.
B. Beating his brother in chess.
C. Escaping from ordinary life.
D. Playing chess for the city.
5. What can we learn about the author from paragraph 2?
A. He lost himself in chess.
B. He started watching tennis matches.
C. He took every chance to read.
D. He practiced chess with his grandfather.
6. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in paragraph 3?
A. I seldom kept my word.
B. I was an average student.
C. I accepted my weaknesses.
D. I refused to go to college.
7. Which rhetorical device is used in the last paragraph?
A. Metaphor.
B. Quote.
C. Repetition.
D. Personification
Most parents can relate to how difficult it is to send a child to school for the first time. But for Deb on Parental Guidance, sending her daughter off to class when she was just four felt way too soon.
“I looked at her and thought, ‘Do I really have to send you to school?’ Deb, 46, tells TV WEEK. “I started to do some research and found out about home schooling. Before then, I had no idea it existed or that it was even legal.”
And 12 years later, Deb has home-schooled all six of her kids and become a huge advocate(提倡者) for at-home learning. “Home-school parenting allows me to have that strong connection with my children,” she says. “I really believe it prepares them for life in the real world, because we live in the real world every day. They’re not stuck in a classroom with only kids their own age.”
While many parents have had recent experience of trying to bring the classroom into the home during COVID lockdowns, Deb says her approach is very different.
“For me, home schooling is a way of life,” she says. “I’ve worked my whole life around my children’s schooling, rather than making it fit in with my life.”
Despite being confident in her style of parenting, Deb has some unpleasant moments on Parental Guidance this week. The screen-time challenge — where the kids aren’t allowed to use their phones or computers for 24 hours — injures her relationship with her eldest daughter Jess.
“Doing the challenge and dealing with those emotions with Jess, I felt like a complete failure,” she says, admitting that she struggled to understand Jess’ point of view.
But once the teenager explained her experience, Deb understood the effect that having an access to technology had on her.
“This is how teenagers connect now,” Deb says. “And with Jess being home-schooled, technology is so important. The screen-time challenge was singly the most challenging, yet most rewarding, moment.”
8. How did Deb find home schooling when she first learned about it?
A. Illegal.
B. Disappointing.
C. Surprising
D. Popular.
9. What is an advantage of home schooling for kids according to Deb?
A. Fitting in better with reality.
B. Cutting down tuition fees.
C. Staying away from the wrong crowd.
D. Getting along well with teenagers
10. What harmed the relationship between Deb and Jess?
A. Deb’s choice of schooling.
B. The screen-time challenge.
C. Lack of modern technology.
D. The kids points of view.
11. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To advocate a lifestyle.
B. To educate the public.
C. To share a way of schooling.
D. To entertain readers.
When the UK hosted the G7 Summit to discuss climate change, organizers of “Zero Carbon Tour” hired an electric bus to travel from London to the summit in Cornwall. It seemed great. Sadly, the bus got stuck before it could return home. It tried five different charging stations but none of them worked.
The incident illustrates the huge importance of charging facility to the future of sustainable(可持续性的) electric driving. According to Fitch Solutions electric car sales in Europe jumped by 72 percent in 2021. The market is clearly growing fast. However this growth will slow if EV(electric vehicle) drivers can't easily find a spot to power up.
At present, many EV owners charge their vehicles at home using regular domestic(家庭的) plug points. Domestic charging is slow, but it is convenient. Drivers usually do it overnight.
However, there is also the option of public charging on streets workplaces car parks, petrol stations and motorway service stations. Public chargers are usually quicker, and obviously, they serve people who are travelling as well as those who cannot charge their EVs from home. According to the European Alternative Fuels Observatory, there are well over 200,000 of these points across the EU.
Public charge points are run by competing operators that typically charge a monthly fee for access or offer pay-as-you-go (though credit card payments are often not accepted). Many EVs now have associated apps that direct motorists to the nearest point. Typically, drivers need a smart card or phone app to unlock access.
Although the charging network is growing, it is still very fragmented(分散). There are multiple competing suppliers, and the stations are not equally supplied. Some areas are over-supplied while others have hardly any. Needless to say, as the EV market expands, drivers will need plentiful and convenient access to public charging points. Ideally, the market needs also global standards and improved management of electricity delivery. Just as important charging stations must offer simple and secure access along with easy payments.
12. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1?
A. Bring out a problem.
B. Provide some advice.
C. Offer background information.
D. Make a prediction.
13. What difference is mentioned between domestic and public charging?
A. The cost.
B. The speed.
C. The approach.
D. The safety.
14. What can we learn about public charging stations?
A. They are over-supplied.
B. They have easy payments.
C. They are under test.
D. They remain to be improved.
15. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Charging EVs for Free
B. Developing EV Markets
C. Making EV Charging Freely Available
D. Driving EVs for the Global Climate
二、七选五
We know sleep is more important than aimlessly scrolling(浏览) on social media. So, why do we choose scrolling over sleeping?
____16____ You scroll through your favorite apps for what feels like ten minutes, but then you realize hours have passed. You wake up feeling tired the next morning and go to work feeling sleepy but do the same thing again that night.
If you can relate to it, you’re not alone. Now called “revenge bedtime procrastination(报复性睡前拖延症),” this phenomenon is described as the tendency to give up sleep for leisure time that is driven by a busy daily schedule. Spending most of their waking hours working, people experience a serious lack of “me time” when they can be free of responsibilities. ____17____ Some people satisfy the desire by doing things often thought of as laziness or a waste of time. ____18____ By indulging(沉溺) in such activities in the small hours when the world is asleep, people get a sense of “revenge” and regain control of their lives.
Revenge bedtime procrastination is experienced differently by various groups, though driven by the same reasons. Parents of young children spend most of their day trying to balance work and childcare, so they are thirsty for some time alone. For them, this is only possible at night. ____19____
Are people really driven to stay up for “me time” — or just night owls who prefer nighttime? ____20____ People indulging in bedtime procrastination do so at the cost of their health and work, while night owls don’t necessarily fight for “me time” at any cost.
A. Imagine relaxing in your bed after a long day.
B. Nowadays some people feel guilty even for resting.
C. Therefore, there is a powerful desire for personal time.
D. One way to tell the two apart is to notice the consequences.
E. For example, they scroll through apps or watch TV shows nonstop.
F. More research is needed to confirm if the two phenomena are related.
G. Likewise, employees in high-stress jobs tend to have bedtime procrastination.
三、完形填空
A few miles into my morning run, I saw a woman lying ahead. As I got closer, she sat and moved aside. I ____21____ and asked if she was OK, and she responded yes without ____22____ her head.
After one more reassurance(肯定) from her, I started to run again. With every step I had a growing ____23____ that I had made the wrong decision. So after a ____24____ I turned around and ran back. “I’m not going to ____25____ you here like this,” I told her.
For the first time, she looked up and obviously she was ____26____. This twenty- something-year-old told me she had eaten magic mushrooms and felt dizzy(眩晕的). I called her parents. As we were waiting, car after car ____27____ to check on us until her parents arrived.
I guess the woman was ____28____ on the sidewalk for a while before I ____29____ her. But no one in the passing cars stopped to help. Perhaps it was because they weren’t sure how to _____30_____ uncertain situations. Once I offered _____31_____ to the woman, it became _____32_____ to others that help was needed, and concerned citizens began to react.
As responsible individuals, we can _____33_____ inaction by making moral choices to help those in need. When a bystander takes action, the group will frequently _____34_____. Sometimes it takes just one person to change the _____35_____. How will you use your power?
21. A. stopped B. rose C. fell D. turned
22. A. shaking B. lifting C. covering D. dropping
23. A. anger B. interest C. concern D. wish
24. A. block B. trip C. talk D. search
25. A. find B. lead C. trap D. leave
26. A. sad B. ill C. tired D. drunk
27. A. pulled over B. drove off C. lined up D. sped by
28. A. waiting B. sitting C. lying D. crying
29. A. phoned B. judged C. caught D. reached
30. A. explain B. survive C. respond D. escape
31. A. respect B. aid C. gratitude D. advice
32. A. clear B. strange C. awful D. fascinating
33. A. excuse B. overcome C. defend D. perform
34. A. disagree B. question C. complain D. follow
35. A. order B. approach C. situation D. routine
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Samovar, a very special teapot, plays a big part in Russian history and is a central part of Russian family life. There is a very old samovar in my home, ____36____ belonged to my great-grandmother’s great-grandmother. The story of how she bought it has been passed down ____37____ generation to generation. Every time we have a special occasion in my family, the samovar ____38____ (take) out. The samovar symbolizes ____39____ (happy), and that’s one thing I want to keep in my family forever!
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On the ship bound for Jersey, we saw an old man shucking oysters(撬牡蛎) for the passengers. “That man looks much like Jules,” my father whispered to my mother. ____40____ (shock), my mother went to take a closer look. She turned pale as a sheet. “It’s he! What should we do? complained my mother. My father, ____41____ (extreme) angry, shouted, “I knew that thief would remain useless!” Determined ____42____ (keep) it a secret, my parents asked me to pay for the oysters quietly.
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
That’s one small stem(茎) for a plant, one giant leap for plant science. In a lab-grown garden, the first seeds sown(播种) in lunar dirt have come up. This small crop, planted in samples returned by Apollo missions ____43____ (offer) hope that astronauts may someday grow food on the moon. But plants potted in lunar dirt grow more slowly ____44____ are weaker than others grown in volcanic material from Earth. That finding suggests that ____45____ (farm) on the moon will take a lot more than great gardening skills.
五、开放性作文
46. 你校厦门中学生助手英文报正组织“发现城市之美”征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，描写厦门一角，展示美丽风景。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请将所给标题补充完整，并按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The Beauty of ___________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、概要写作
47. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Since the rise in popularity of MP3 players, working out has been done together with your personal music library. Whether it be running on the street on the treadmill or lifting weights in the gym, it seems every person is wearing a set of headphones when getting up.
We all feel that certain songs help us push that little bit harder but is there any science behind that? And if so, is there a particular type of music that helps you go that extra mile? It turns out, yes. While tiredness is physical during workout, a large part is also about how the brain sees this physical tiredness.
Listening to music while training takes the brain’s concentration away from the tired body. In a sense, it fights for the attention on the fact that the body is “working out”. This leads exercise to be viewed as less tough and makes working out more enjoyable.
The kind of music you listen to can depend on the type of workout you are doing. When running on a treadmill, most people choose a faster pace of 160 beats per minute (bpm).
It also depends on the intensity of the workout and your heartbeat. For example when training starts to get to average intense levels the sweet spot is around the 120-145 bpm. For reference, an analysis showed that out of 74000 popular songs produced between the 1960s-1990s, 120 bpm was the most common. So most songs will do the trick.
What is also worth mentioning is the psychological benefits of music on the individual. You should choose songs that have particular meanings and emotional connections with individuals because they can create encouragement and get people mentally prepared for the challenges. This is very important when doing strong workouts or going for personal bests on the big lifts.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】这是一本书的目录，主要是关于阅读的介绍。
1. 细节理解题。根据1. The Activity and Art of Reading部分中的“Present and Absent Teachers”以及对应的页码可知，在3-15页可找到Present and Absent Teachers。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据4. The Second Level of Reading: Inspectional Reading部分的“On Reading Speeds”可知，在此部分可以学到提高阅读速度的方法。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据目录中的“The Activity and Art of Reading”和“The Levels of Reading”可知，此书关于阅读。故选C。
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B
【解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者曾经是一个普通的学生，但国际象棋的成就给了作者智力上的自信，后来作者去了牛津大学、哈佛大学，并获得了博士学位的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“and soon afterwards I experienced the pride of representing my city.”（不久之后，我体验到了代表我的城市的自豪感。）可知，作者为能为城市下象棋感到骄傲。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“I played out book contents on the board, typically with the left hand holding the book open, the right hand moving the pieces, and the eyes moving between book and board, as if watching a very slow tennis match of my own staging. That square metre of space changed my life. That was the place where I ‘got good’.”（我在棋盘上展示书的内容，通常是左手打开书，右手移动棋子，眼睛在书和棋盘之间移动，就像在观看一场我自己设计的非常缓慢的网球比赛。那平方米的空间改变了我的生活。那是我“变好”的地方。）可知，他迷上了下棋。故选A。
3. 词义猜测题。根据第三段“...and could have been at a loss, doing badly at school or even worse.”（......可能会不知所措，在学校表现很差，甚至更糟。）可知，前后表顺承关系，故推知划线句为“我是一个普通的学生”。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Aldous Huxley famously wrote that ‘experience is not what happens to you, it is what you do with what happens to you’.”（奥尔德斯·赫胥黎（Aldous Huxley）有句名言：“经验不会从天而降，经验只有通过实践才能获得。）可知，最后一段使用了引述的修辞手法。故选B。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是黛比对孩子进行家庭教育，以及她对家庭教育的观点看法和面临的挑战。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“I started to do some research and found out about home schooling. Before then, I had no idea it existed or that it was even legal.（我开始做一些研究，发现了家庭教育。在那之前，我根本不知道它的存在，甚至不知道它是合法的。）”可知，当黛布第一次了解到家庭教育时，她觉得家庭教育是令人惊讶的，故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“I really believe it prepares them for life in the real world, because we live in the real world every day.（我真的相信这为他们在现实世界中的生活做好了准备，因为我们每天都生活在现实世界中。）”可知，黛比认为，家庭教育对孩子的好处是让他们更适应现实社会，故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段的“The screen-time challenge — where the kids aren’t allowed to use their phones or computers for 24 hours — injures her relationship with her eldest daughter Jess.（屏幕时间的挑战——24小时内孩子们不允许使用手机或电脑——伤害了她和大女儿杰西的关系。）”可知，伤害了黛比和杰西的关系的是屏幕时间的挑战，故选B。
4. 写作意图题。根据第二段的“I started to do some research and found out about home schooling.（我开始做一些研究，发现了家庭教育。）”和第三段的“‘Home-school parenting allows me to have that strong connection with my children,’ she says. ‘I really believe it prepares them for life in the real world, because we live in the real world every day. They’re not stuck in a classroom with only kids their own age.’（她说：“在家上学的教育方式让我和我的孩子有了更紧密的联系。”“我真的相信这为他们在现实世界中的生活做好了准备，因为我们每天都生活在现实世界中。他们不会被困在只有同龄孩子的教室里。”）”可知，本文是介绍黛比对孩子进行家庭教育，目的是分享一种教育方式，故选C。
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随着电动汽车的发展，也需要大力发展并逐渐完善电动汽车充电市场，实现电动汽车充电自由。
1. 写作意图题。根据第一段中“Sadly, the bus got stuck before it could return home. It tried five different charging stations but none of them worked.”（遗憾的是，电动汽车还没到家就没电了，试了五个不同的充电桩都没用。）可知，第一段末尾是提出了一个问题，引起下文。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Domestic charging is slow, but it is convenient.”（家庭充电很慢，但是很方便。）和第四段第二句“Public chargers are usually quicker”（公共充电通常很快。）可知家庭充电和公共充电的区别是二者的充电速度不同。故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Ideally, the market needs also global standards and improved management of electricity delivery.”（理想情况下，市场还需要有全球统一的标准和日益改进的电力供应管理。）可知，公共充电站仍然需要改进。故选D项。
4. 标题归纳题。文章首段提出问题，电动汽车充电难。第二段提出电动汽车销量日益增长，为了适应日益增长的电动汽车市场，要大力发展汽车充电市场，解决电动汽车充电难的问题。第三四两段比较了家庭充电和公共充电各自的优缺点。第五六段介绍了虽然电动汽车充电市场有所发展，但是仍然有很多需要改进的地方。这些都是围绕着一个主题就是为了更好地实现电动汽车充电自由。故选C项。
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. E 19. G 20. D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了睡前拖延症并解释了其原因。
1. 下文“You scroll through your favorite apps for what feels like ten minutes, but then you realize hours have passed. You wake up feeling tired the next morning and go to work feeling sleepy but do the same thing again that night.（你在最喜欢的应用程序上感觉翻了十分钟，但是后来你意识到几个小时已经过去了。第二天早上你醒来很累，然后困倦地去工作，但那天晚上再做同样的事情。）”说明了在睡觉前浏览社交媒体，导致睡眠不足，第二天上班时困倦，但是每天晚上还是做同样的事情，因此推断A项“想象一下，在漫长的一天后，躺在床上放松。”符合语境，下文是躺在床上做的事情。故选A。
2. 上文“Spending most of their waking hours working, people experience a serious lack of “me time” when they can be free of responsibilities.（人们醒着的大部分时间都在工作，他们严重缺乏他们可以摆脱责任的“私人专属时间”。）”说明人们严重缺乏自己可以支配的时间，C项中的“personal time”与上文的“me time”呼应，因此推断C项“因此，人们有一种对个人时间的强烈渴望。”与上文是因果关系。故选C。
3. 上文“Some people satisfy the desire by doing things often thought of as laziness or a waste of time.（有些人通过做一些通常被认为是懒惰或浪费时间的事情来满足这种欲望。）”说明人们通过做一些被认为是懒惰和浪费时间的事情满足自己对于“个人时间”的渴望，下文“By indulging(沉溺) in such activities in the small hours when the world is asleep, people get a sense of “revenge” and regain control of their lives.（通过在世界都睡着的凌晨沉溺于这些活动，人们得到了一种“复仇”的感觉，并重新掌握了他们的生活。）”说明人们做这些活动的原因，分析可知，“such activities”应是空处描述的活动，联系上文，也是可以满足自己对“个人时间”的渴望的活动，因此推断E项“例如，他们不停地浏览应用程序或观看电视节目”符合语境，这些活动是一些让人们感觉拥有“个人时间”的活动。故选E。
4. 本段第一句“Revenge bedtime procrastination is experienced differently by various groups, though driven by the same reasons.（尽管出于相同的原因，不同的群体对睡前报复拖延症的体验是不同的。）”说明不同的群体经历不同的睡前报复拖延症，第二句“Parents of young children spend most of their day trying to balance work and childcare, so they are thirsty for some time alone. For them, this is only possible at night.（年幼孩子的父母每天大部分时间都在努力平衡工作和照顾孩子，所以他们渴望有一段独处的时间。对他们来说，这只有在晚上才有可能。）”举例说明有孩子的父母的睡前拖延症，G项“同样，从事高压力工作的员工往往会有睡前拖延症”符合语境，说明高压力的员工会有睡前拖延症，与上一句一起举例说明第一句。故选G。
5. 上文“Are people really driven to stay up for “me time” — or just night owls who prefer nighttime?（人们真的是为了“自我专属时间”而熬夜吗，还是只是夜猫子更喜欢晚上？）”提到了两种睡前拖延症的理由，D项中的“the two”指代这两者，因此推断D项“区分这两者的一种方法是注意其后果。”符合语境，说明了区分两者的办法是它们的后果，下文“People indulging in bedtime procrastination do so at the cost of their health and work, while night owls don’t necessarily fight for “me time” at any cost.（沉迷于睡前拖延症的人会以他们的健康和工作为代价，而夜猫子不一定会“不惜一切代价”争取自己的时间。）”具体分析了这两者的不同结果。故选D。
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要描写作者在晨跑时遇到一位女性躺在地上，询问之后女性回复没有问题。作者离开之后不放心又折回来帮助这位女性。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我停下来问她是否还好，她没有抬起头就回答是的。A. stopped停留；B. rose增长；C. fell落下；D. turned转动。根据上文“As I got closer, she sat and moved aside”可知，作者走近之后停下来问她是否还好。故选A项。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. shaking摇动；B. lifting举起；C. covering覆盖；D. dropping掉下。根据后文“For the first time, she looked up...”可知，她没有抬头就回答没有问题。故选B项。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每走一步，我都越来越担心自己做了错误的决定。A. anger生气；B. interest兴趣；C. concern关心，担心；D. wish希望。根据后文“that I had made the wrong decision”可推测，作者还是有点放心不下。故选C项。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：过了一个街区，我转过身跑了回来。A. block街区；B. trip旅行；C. talk谈话；D. search搜索。根据语境“So after a ___4___ I turned around and ran back. ”以及常识可知，作者跑了一个街区，转过身跑了回来。故选A项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不会这样把你留在这里。A. find发现；B. lead引导；C. trap使陷入困境；D. leave离开。根据上文“I turned around and ran back”可知，作者折回是为了不想让这位路人就这样留在那里。故选D项。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她第一次抬起头来，显然她病了。A. sad伤心的；B. ill生病的；C. tired累的；D. drunk喝醉的。根据后文“This twenty-something-year-old told me she had eaten magic mushrooms and felt dizzy(眩晕的)”可知，显然她生病了。故选B项。
7. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们在等的时候，一辆又一辆车停下来查看我们的情况，直到她的父母来了。A. pulled over靠边停车；B. drove off 驱散；C. lined up整顿；D. sped by飞驰而过。根据语境“to check on us .”可推断，有车靠边停下来查看我们的情况。故选A项。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我猜在我找到她之前，那个女人在人行道上躺了一会儿。A. waiting等待；B. sitting坐；C. lying躺下；D. crying哭。根据上文“A few miles into my morning run, I saw a woman lying ahead.”以及“I turned around and ran back”可知，在我折回之前，这位女士在人行道上躺了一会儿。故选C项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. phoned打电话；B. judged判断；C. caught抓住；D. reached到达。根据上文“A few miles into my morning run, I saw a woman lying ahead.”以及“I turned around and ran back”可知，在我折回之前，这位女士在人行道上躺了一会儿。故选D项。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许是因为他们不确定如何应对不确定的情况。A. explain解释；B. survive幸存；C. respond作出反应；D. escape逃离。根据语境“But no one in the passing cars stopped to help.”可推知，作者认为可能是人们不确定如何应对不确定的情况，所以才没停下来帮忙。故选C项。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我向这个女人提供援助，其他人就清楚地意识到需要帮助，忧心忡忡的公民开始做出反应。A. respect尊敬；B. aid帮助；C. gratitude感激；D. advice建议。根据语境“I called her parents. As we were waiting, car after car ____ to check on us until her parents arrived.”可知，其他人就清楚地意识到需要帮助。故选B项。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. clear清楚的；B. strange奇怪的；C. awful糟糕的；D. fascinating极有吸引力的。根据上文“Once I offered ______to the woman”可知，当我向这名妇女提供援助，其他人就清楚地意识到需要帮助。故选A项。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为负责任的个人，我们可以通过做出道德选择来帮助那些需要帮助的人，从而克服袖手旁边。A. excuse借口；B. overcome克服；C. defend防御；D. perform执行。根据语境“by making moral choices to help those in need.”可知，我们可以通过帮助他人来克服袖手旁边。故选B项。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当旁观者采取行动时，很多人也会经常跟随。A. disagree不同意；B. question问题；C. complain抱怨；D. follow跟随。根据语境“Once I offered ____ to the woman, it became _____ to others that help was needed, and concerned citizens began to react.可知，一旦有人开始帮忙，其他人也会跟随。故选D项。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时只需要一个人就能改变现状。A. order次序；B. approach方法；C. situation情况，现状； D. routine惯例。根据上文“concerned citizens began to react”可知，有时只需要一个人就能改变现状。故选C项。
【答案】36. which 37. from 38. is taken 39. happiness
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者家和一个俄式老茶壶之间的故事。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：我家有一个非常古老的茶壶，是我曾祖母的曾祖母的。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是samovar，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
2. 考查介词。句意：她如何买下这个茶壶的故事已经代代相传。由空后“generation to generation.”可知，from...to...“从……到……”为固定搭配，符合题意。故填from。
3. 考查语态和主谓一致。句意：每次我们家有特殊的场合，茶壶都要拿出来。由从句谓语动词have可知，空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，表示经常性的动词；此处主语是动作的承受者，所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态的被动语态：be done，主语是单数，所以空处be动词需用is。故填is taken。
4. 考查名词。句意：这个茶壶象征着幸福，这是我想永远留在家里的东西！空处需用名词作宾语，happy的名词为happiness“幸福”，不可数名词。故填happiness。
【答案】40. Shocked 41. extremely 42. to keep
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者和父母在开往泽西岛的船上，看到一位老人在给乘客剥牡蛎时的反应。
1. 考查形容词。句意：母亲惊呆了，走过去仔细看了看。表示“震惊的”，修饰人，应用-ed结尾形容词shocked，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Shocked。
2. 考查副词。句意：父亲非常生气，喊道：“我就知道那个贼是没用的！”修饰形容词angry应用副词extremely，作状语。故填extremely。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我的父母决定保守这个秘密，让我悄悄地付牡蛎的钱。结合句意表示“决心做某事”短语为be determined to do sth.。故填to keep。
【答案】43. offers 44. and 45. farming
【解析】这是一篇说明文。在实验室培育的菜园里，第一批播种在月球泥土里的种子已经发芽。这种在阿波罗任务返回的样本中种植的小作物为有朝一日宇航员在月球上种植食物带来了希望。但是种植在月球泥土中的植物比生长在地球火山物质中的植物生长得更慢，也更弱。这一发现表明，在月球上耕种需要的不仅仅是伟大的园艺技能。
1. 考查时态。句意：这种在阿波罗任务返回的样本中种植的小作物为有朝一日宇航员在月球上种植食物带来了希望。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为This small crop，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填offers。
2. 考查连词。句意：但是种植在月球泥土中的植物比生长在地球火山物质中的植物生长得更慢，也更弱。前后文为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一发现表明，在月球上耕种需要的不仅仅是伟大的园艺技能。作从句的主语，应用动名词形式。故填farming。
【答案】
The Beauty of Xiamen
If you are about to pay a visit to Xiamen, I recommend the scenic spots of Kulangsu in Xiamen.
You must know Zheng Chenggong, who was a great navigator in the history of China. The statue of Zheng Chenggong stands at the Fuding Rock on the southeastern tip of Kulangsu, which looks like a man facing the magnificent sea, wearing armor and holding his sword in his hand. His image is strong and imposing. Apart from this beautiful scenery, a unique local snack street there also attracts visitors from all around the world. If I were you, I would go to the night market where not only can you experience local eating habit but also you can taste many street foods.
There are many places worth visiting in Kulangsu. I hope my recommendation will make you want to pay a visit here.
【解析】
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于话题作文。你校厦门中学生助手英文报正组织“发现城市之美”征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，描写厦门一角，展示美丽风景。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
打算：be about to→be going to
世界各地：all around the world→around the world
除了：apart from→in addition to
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Apart from this beautiful scenery, a unique local snack street also attracts visitors from all around the world.
拓展句：Apart from this beautiful scenery, a unique local snack street also attracts visitors who are from all around the world.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] You must know Zheng Chenggong, who was a great navigator in the history of China.（运用了who引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]If I were you, I would go to the night market where not only can you experience local eating habit but also you can taste many street foods.（由if引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气、where引导的定语从句和not only引起的倒装句）
【答案】
It turns out that there is a particular type of music that helps you go that extra mile. Listening to music while training takes the brain’s concentration away from the tired body, which leads exercise to be viewed as less tough and more enjoyable. The kind of music can depend on both the type of workout you are doing and the intensity of the workout and your heartbeat.
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明，有一种特殊的音乐可以帮助你走得更远。训练时听音乐会让大脑的注意力从疲惫的身体上转移开，这会让人们觉得锻炼不那么艰苦，反而更有乐趣。音乐的种类取决于你所做的锻炼类型、锻炼强度和你的心跳。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①And if so, is there a particular type of music that helps you go that extra mile? It turns out, yes.
②Listening to music while training takes the brain’s concentration away from the tired body. In a sense, it fights for the attention on the fact that the body is “working out”. This leads exercise to be viewed as less tough and makes working out more enjoyable.
③The kind of music you listen to can depend on the type of workout you are doing.
It also depends on the intensity of the workout and your heartbeat.
2. 缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3. 遣词造句
It turns out that there is a particular type of music that helps you go that extra mile.
Listening to music while training takes the brain’s concentration away from the tired body, which leads exercise to be viewed as less tough and more enjoyable.
The kind of music can depend on both the type of workout you are doing and the intensity of the workout and your heartbeat.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] It turns out that there is a particular type of music that helps you go that extra mile.（主语从句和定语从句完美结合）
[高分句型2] Listening to music while training takes the brain’s concentration away from the tired body, which leads exercise to be viewed as less tough and more enjoyable.（which引导的非限制性定语从句）
福建省厦门市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Below is a page taken from a book.
1. Where can you find Present and Absent Teachers?
A. PP 3-15. B. PP 16-20. C. PP 21-30. D. PP 31-44.
2. Which section should you refer to if you want to increase reading speed?
A. The Activity and Art of Reading.
B. The Levels of Reading.
C. The First Level of Reading: Elementary Reading.
D. The Second Level of Reading: Inspectional Reading.
3. What is the book probably about?
A. Arts.
B. Furniture sale.
C. Reading.
D. Discovery learning.
I learned chess when I was young. By the age of eight I was an ordinary child, but through chess I knew the excitement of playing in the same primary school team as my older brother three years ahead, and soon afterwards I experienced the pride of representing my city. My love for chess offered periodic escape from my ordinary life.
By the time I was 10 my family had fallen apart. And I came to live with my grandfather. The family’s chess set was laid in the bay window. That space was soon surrounded by games collections, endgame strategy books and books on opening theory. I played out book contents on the board, typically with the left hand holding the book open, the right hand moving the pieces, and the eyes moving between book and board, as if watching a very slow tennis match of my own staging. That square metre of space changed my life. That was the place where I “got good”.
Chess achievement gave me intellectual confidence that I might otherwise not have had Many teachers had long told me, “If you are good at chess you should be able to do this.” Rejected this idea for years, mostly because it meant I had to try harder, yet at 15 I decided they might be right after all. I began to love reading and learning and thinking and writing and speaking. I’d go on to Oxford, Harvard and a PhD, but there was nothing unavoidable about this development. I was not a particularly promising pupil and could have been at a loss, doing badly at school or even worse.
Aldous Huxley famously wrote that “experience is not what happens to you, it is what you do with what happens to you”. Our life experience is not one event after another but a series of opportunities for us to grow. So I decided to be less defined by my circumstances(境遇) and more capable of shaping them.
4. What was the author proud of?
A. Learning chess at an early age.
B. Beating his brother in chess.
C. Escaping from ordinary life.
D. Playing chess for the city.
5. What can we learn about the author from paragraph 2?
A. He lost himself in chess.
B. He started watching tennis matches.
C. He took every chance to read.
D. He practiced chess with his grandfather.
6. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in paragraph 3?
A. I seldom kept my word.
B. I was an average student.
C. I accepted my weaknesses.
D. I refused to go to college.
7. Which rhetorical device is used in the last paragraph?
A. Metaphor.
B. Quote.
C. Repetition.
D. Personification
Most parents can relate to how difficult it is to send a child to school for the first time. But for Deb on Parental Guidance, sending her daughter off to class when she was just four felt way too soon.
“I looked at her and thought, ‘Do I really have to send you to school?’ Deb, 46, tells TV WEEK. “I started to do some research and found out about home schooling. Before then, I had no idea it existed or that it was even legal.”
And 12 years later, Deb has home-schooled all six of her kids and become a huge advocate(提倡者) for at-home learning. “Home-school parenting allows me to have that strong connection with my children,” she says. “I really believe it prepares them for life in the real world, because we live in the real world every day. They’re not stuck in a classroom with only kids their own age.”
While many parents have had recent experience of trying to bring the classroom into the home during COVID lockdowns, Deb says her approach is very different.
“For me, home schooling is a way of life,” she says. “I’ve worked my whole life around my children’s schooling, rather than making it fit in with my life.”
Despite being confident in her style of parenting, Deb has some unpleasant moments on Parental Guidance this week. The screen-time challenge — where the kids aren’t allowed to use their phones or computers for 24 hours — injures her relationship with her eldest daughter Jess.
“Doing the challenge and dealing with those emotions with Jess, I felt like a complete failure,” she says, admitting that she struggled to understand Jess’ point of view.
But once the teenager explained her experience, Deb understood the effect that having an access to technology had on her.
“This is how teenagers connect now,” Deb says. “And with Jess being home-schooled, technology is so important. The screen-time challenge was singly the most challenging, yet most rewarding, moment.”
8. How did Deb find home schooling when she first learned about it?
A. Illegal.
B. Disappointing.
C. Surprising
D. Popular.
9. What is an advantage of home schooling for kids according to Deb?
A. Fitting in better with reality.
B. Cutting down tuition fees.
C. Staying away from the wrong crowd.
D. Getting along well with teenagers
10. What harmed the relationship between Deb and Jess?
A. Deb’s choice of schooling.
B. The screen-time challenge.
C. Lack of modern technology.
D. The kids points of view.
11. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To advocate a lifestyle.
B. To educate the public.
C. To share a way of schooling.
D. To entertain readers.
When the UK hosted the G7 Summit to discuss climate change, organizers of “Zero Carbon Tour” hired an electric bus to travel from London to the summit in Cornwall. It seemed great. Sadly, the bus got stuck before it could return home. It tried five different charging stations but none of them worked.
The incident illustrates the huge importance of charging facility to the future of sustainable(可持续性的) electric driving. According to Fitch Solutions electric car sales in Europe jumped by 72 percent in 2021. The market is clearly growing fast. However this growth will slow if EV(electric vehicle) drivers can't easily find a spot to power up.
At present, many EV owners charge their vehicles at home using regular domestic(家庭的) plug points. Domestic charging is slow, but it is convenient. Drivers usually do it overnight.
However, there is also the option of public charging on streets workplaces car parks, petrol stations and motorway service stations. Public chargers are usually quicker, and obviously, they serve people who are travelling as well as those who cannot charge their EVs from home. According to the European Alternative Fuels Observatory, there are well over 200,000 of these points across the EU.
Public charge points are run by competing operators that typically charge a monthly fee for access or offer pay-as-you-go (though credit card payments are often not accepted). Many EVs now have associated apps that direct motorists to the nearest point. Typically, drivers need a smart card or phone app to unlock access.
Although the charging network is growing, it is still very fragmented(分散). There are multiple competing suppliers, and the stations are not equally supplied. Some areas are over-supplied while others have hardly any. Needless to say, as the EV market expands, drivers will need plentiful and convenient access to public charging points. Ideally, the market needs also global standards and improved management of electricity delivery. Just as important charging stations must offer simple and secure access along with easy payments.
12. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1?
A. Bring out a problem.
B. Provide some advice.
C. Offer background information.
D. Make a prediction.
13. What difference is mentioned between domestic and public charging?
A. The cost.
B. The speed.
C. The approach.
D. The safety.
14. What can we learn about public charging stations?
A. They are over-supplied.
B. They have easy payments.
C. They are under test.
D. They remain to be improved.
15. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Charging EVs for Free
B. Developing EV Markets
C. Making EV Charging Freely Available
D. Driving EVs for the Global Climate
二、七选五
We know sleep is more important than aimlessly scrolling(浏览) on social media. So, why do we choose scrolling over sleeping?
____16____ You scroll through your favorite apps for what feels like ten minutes, but then you realize hours have passed. You wake up feeling tired the next morning and go to work feeling sleepy but do the same thing again that night.
If you can relate to it, you’re not alone. Now called “revenge bedtime procrastination(报复性睡前拖延症),” this phenomenon is described as the tendency to give up sleep for leisure time that is driven by a busy daily schedule. Spending most of their waking hours working, people experience a serious lack of “me time” when they can be free of responsibilities. ____17____ Some people satisfy the desire by doing things often thought of as laziness or a waste of time. ____18____ By indulging(沉溺) in such activities in the small hours when the world is asleep, people get a sense of “revenge” and regain control of their lives.
Revenge bedtime procrastination is experienced differently by various groups, though driven by the same reasons. Parents of young children spend most of their day trying to balance work and childcare, so they are thirsty for some time alone. For them, this is only possible at night. ____19____
Are people really driven to stay up for “me time” — or just night owls who prefer nighttime? ____20____ People indulging in bedtime procrastination do so at the cost of their health and work, while night owls don’t necessarily fight for “me time” at any cost.
A. Imagine relaxing in your bed after a long day.
B. Nowadays some people feel guilty even for resting.
C. Therefore, there is a powerful desire for personal time.
D. One way to tell the two apart is to notice the consequences.
E. For example, they scroll through apps or watch TV shows nonstop.
F. More research is needed to confirm if the two phenomena are related.
G. Likewise, employees in high-stress jobs tend to have bedtime procrastination.
三、完形填空
A few miles into my morning run, I saw a woman lying ahead. As I got closer, she sat and moved aside. I ____21____ and asked if she was OK, and she responded yes without ____22____ her head.
After one more reassurance(肯定) from her, I started to run again. With every step I had a growing ____23____ that I had made the wrong decision. So after a ____24____ I turned around and ran back. “I’m not going to ____25____ you here like this,” I told her.
For the first time, she looked up and obviously she was ____26____. This twenty- something-year-old told me she had eaten magic mushrooms and felt dizzy(眩晕的). I called her parents. As we were waiting, car after car ____27____ to check on us until her parents arrived.
I guess the woman was ____28____ on the sidewalk for a while before I ____29____ her. But no one in the passing cars stopped to help. Perhaps it was because they weren’t sure how to _____30_____ uncertain situations. Once I offered _____31_____ to the woman, it became _____32_____ to others that help was needed, and concerned citizens began to react.
As responsible individuals, we can _____33_____ inaction by making moral choices to help those in need. When a bystander takes action, the group will frequently _____34_____. Sometimes it takes just one person to change the _____35_____. How will you use your power?
21. A. stopped B. rose C. fell D. turned
22. A. shaking B. lifting C. covering D. dropping
23. A. anger B. interest C. concern D. wish
24. A. block B. trip C. talk D. search
25. A. find B. lead C. trap D. leave
26. A. sad B. ill C. tired D. drunk
27. A. pulled over B. drove off C. lined up D. sped by
28. A. waiting B. sitting C. lying D. crying
29. A. phoned B. judged C. caught D. reached
30. A. explain B. survive C. respond D. escape
31. A. respect B. aid C. gratitude D. advice
32. A. clear B. strange C. awful D. fascinating
33. A. excuse B. overcome C. defend D. perform
34. A. disagree B. question C. complain D. follow
35. A. order B. approach C. situation D. routine
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Samovar, a very special teapot, plays a big part in Russian history and is a central part of Russian family life. There is a very old samovar in my home, ____36____ belonged to my great-grandmother’s great-grandmother. The story of how she bought it has been passed down ____37____ generation to generation. Every time we have a special occasion in my family, the samovar ____38____ (take) out. The samovar symbolizes ____39____ (happy), and that’s one thing I want to keep in my family forever!
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On the ship bound for Jersey, we saw an old man shucking oysters(撬牡蛎) for the passengers. “That man looks much like Jules,” my father whispered to my mother. ____40____ (shock), my mother went to take a closer look. She turned pale as a sheet. “It’s he! What should we do? complained my mother. My father, ____41____ (extreme) angry, shouted, “I knew that thief would remain useless!” Determined ____42____ (keep) it a secret, my parents asked me to pay for the oysters quietly.
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
That’s one small stem(茎) for a plant, one giant leap for plant science. In a lab-grown garden, the first seeds sown(播种) in lunar dirt have come up. This small crop, planted in samples returned by Apollo missions ____43____ (offer) hope that astronauts may someday grow food on the moon. But plants potted in lunar dirt grow more slowly ____44____ are weaker than others grown in volcanic material from Earth. That finding suggests that ____45____ (farm) on the moon will take a lot more than great gardening skills.
五、开放性作文
46. 你校厦门中学生助手英文报正组织“发现城市之美”征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，描写厦门一角，展示美丽风景。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请将所给标题补充完整，并按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The Beauty of ___________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、概要写作
47. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Since the rise in popularity of MP3 players, working out has been done together with your personal music library. Whether it be running on the street on the treadmill or lifting weights in the gym, it seems every person is wearing a set of headphones when getting up.
We all feel that certain songs help us push that little bit harder but is there any science behind that? And if so, is there a particular type of music that helps you go that extra mile? It turns out, yes. While tiredness is physical during workout, a large part is also about how the brain sees this physical tiredness.
Listening to music while training takes the brain’s concentration away from the tired body. In a sense, it fights for the attention on the fact that the body is “working out”. This leads exercise to be viewed as less tough and makes working out more enjoyable.
The kind of music you listen to can depend on the type of workout you are doing. When running on a treadmill, most people choose a faster pace of 160 beats per minute (bpm).
It also depends on the intensity of the workout and your heartbeat. For example when training starts to get to average intense levels the sweet spot is around the 120-145 bpm. For reference, an analysis showed that out of 74000 popular songs produced between the 1960s-1990s, 120 bpm was the most common. So most songs will do the trick.
What is also worth mentioning is the psychological benefits of music on the individual. You should choose songs that have particular meanings and emotional connections with individuals because they can create encouragement and get people mentally prepared for the challenges. This is very important when doing strong workouts or going for personal bests on the big lifts.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】这是一本书的目录，主要是关于阅读的介绍。
1. 细节理解题。根据1. The Activity and Art of Reading部分中的“Present and Absent Teachers”以及对应的页码可知，在3-15页可找到Present and Absent Teachers。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据4. The Second Level of Reading: Inspectional Reading部分的“On Reading Speeds”可知，在此部分可以学到提高阅读速度的方法。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据目录中的“The Activity and Art of Reading”和“The Levels of Reading”可知，此书关于阅读。故选C。
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B
【解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者曾经是一个普通的学生，但国际象棋的成就给了作者智力上的自信，后来作者去了牛津大学、哈佛大学，并获得了博士学位的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“and soon afterwards I experienced the pride of representing my city.”（不久之后，我体验到了代表我的城市的自豪感。）可知，作者为能为城市下象棋感到骄傲。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“I played out book contents on the board, typically with the left hand holding the book open, the right hand moving the pieces, and the eyes moving between book and board, as if watching a very slow tennis match of my own staging. That square metre of space changed my life. That was the place where I ‘got good’.”（我在棋盘上展示书的内容，通常是左手打开书，右手移动棋子，眼睛在书和棋盘之间移动，就像在观看一场我自己设计的非常缓慢的网球比赛。那平方米的空间改变了我的生活。那是我“变好”的地方。）可知，他迷上了下棋。故选A。
3. 词义猜测题。根据第三段“...and could have been at a loss, doing badly at school or even worse.”（......可能会不知所措，在学校表现很差，甚至更糟。）可知，前后表顺承关系，故推知划线句为“我是一个普通的学生”。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Aldous Huxley famously wrote that ‘experience is not what happens to you, it is what you do with what happens to you’.”（奥尔德斯·赫胥黎（Aldous Huxley）有句名言：“经验不会从天而降，经验只有通过实践才能获得。）可知，最后一段使用了引述的修辞手法。故选B。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是黛比对孩子进行家庭教育，以及她对家庭教育的观点看法和面临的挑战。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“I started to do some research and found out about home schooling. Before then, I had no idea it existed or that it was even legal.（我开始做一些研究，发现了家庭教育。在那之前，我根本不知道它的存在，甚至不知道它是合法的。）”可知，当黛布第一次了解到家庭教育时，她觉得家庭教育是令人惊讶的，故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“I really believe it prepares them for life in the real world, because we live in the real world every day.（我真的相信这为他们在现实世界中的生活做好了准备，因为我们每天都生活在现实世界中。）”可知，黛比认为，家庭教育对孩子的好处是让他们更适应现实社会，故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段的“The screen-time challenge — where the kids aren’t allowed to use their phones or computers for 24 hours — injures her relationship with her eldest daughter Jess.（屏幕时间的挑战——24小时内孩子们不允许使用手机或电脑——伤害了她和大女儿杰西的关系。）”可知，伤害了黛比和杰西的关系的是屏幕时间的挑战，故选B。
4. 写作意图题。根据第二段的“I started to do some research and found out about home schooling.（我开始做一些研究，发现了家庭教育。）”和第三段的“‘Home-school parenting allows me to have that strong connection with my children,’ she says. ‘I really believe it prepares them for life in the real world, because we live in the real world every day. They’re not stuck in a classroom with only kids their own age.’（她说：“在家上学的教育方式让我和我的孩子有了更紧密的联系。”“我真的相信这为他们在现实世界中的生活做好了准备，因为我们每天都生活在现实世界中。他们不会被困在只有同龄孩子的教室里。”）”可知，本文是介绍黛比对孩子进行家庭教育，目的是分享一种教育方式，故选C。
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随着电动汽车的发展，也需要大力发展并逐渐完善电动汽车充电市场，实现电动汽车充电自由。
1. 写作意图题。根据第一段中“Sadly, the bus got stuck before it could return home. It tried five different charging stations but none of them worked.”（遗憾的是，电动汽车还没到家就没电了，试了五个不同的充电桩都没用。）可知，第一段末尾是提出了一个问题，引起下文。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Domestic charging is slow, but it is convenient.”（家庭充电很慢，但是很方便。）和第四段第二句“Public chargers are usually quicker”（公共充电通常很快。）可知家庭充电和公共充电的区别是二者的充电速度不同。故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Ideally, the market needs also global standards and improved management of electricity delivery.”（理想情况下，市场还需要有全球统一的标准和日益改进的电力供应管理。）可知，公共充电站仍然需要改进。故选D项。
4. 标题归纳题。文章首段提出问题，电动汽车充电难。第二段提出电动汽车销量日益增长，为了适应日益增长的电动汽车市场，要大力发展汽车充电市场，解决电动汽车充电难的问题。第三四两段比较了家庭充电和公共充电各自的优缺点。第五六段介绍了虽然电动汽车充电市场有所发展，但是仍然有很多需要改进的地方。这些都是围绕着一个主题就是为了更好地实现电动汽车充电自由。故选C项。
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. E 19. G 20. D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了睡前拖延症并解释了其原因。
1. 下文“You scroll through your favorite apps for what feels like ten minutes, but then you realize hours have passed. You wake up feeling tired the next morning and go to work feeling sleepy but do the same thing again that night.（你在最喜欢的应用程序上感觉翻了十分钟，但是后来你意识到几个小时已经过去了。第二天早上你醒来很累，然后困倦地去工作，但那天晚上再做同样的事情。）”说明了在睡觉前浏览社交媒体，导致睡眠不足，第二天上班时困倦，但是每天晚上还是做同样的事情，因此推断A项“想象一下，在漫长的一天后，躺在床上放松。”符合语境，下文是躺在床上做的事情。故选A。
2. 上文“Spending most of their waking hours working, people experience a serious lack of “me time” when they can be free of responsibilities.（人们醒着的大部分时间都在工作，他们严重缺乏他们可以摆脱责任的“私人专属时间”。）”说明人们严重缺乏自己可以支配的时间，C项中的“personal time”与上文的“me time”呼应，因此推断C项“因此，人们有一种对个人时间的强烈渴望。”与上文是因果关系。故选C。
3. 上文“Some people satisfy the desire by doing things often thought of as laziness or a waste of time.（有些人通过做一些通常被认为是懒惰或浪费时间的事情来满足这种欲望。）”说明人们通过做一些被认为是懒惰和浪费时间的事情满足自己对于“个人时间”的渴望，下文“By indulging(沉溺) in such activities in the small hours when the world is asleep, people get a sense of “revenge” and regain control of their lives.（通过在世界都睡着的凌晨沉溺于这些活动，人们得到了一种“复仇”的感觉，并重新掌握了他们的生活。）”说明人们做这些活动的原因，分析可知，“such activities”应是空处描述的活动，联系上文，也是可以满足自己对“个人时间”的渴望的活动，因此推断E项“例如，他们不停地浏览应用程序或观看电视节目”符合语境，这些活动是一些让人们感觉拥有“个人时间”的活动。故选E。
4. 本段第一句“Revenge bedtime procrastination is experienced differently by various groups, though driven by the same reasons.（尽管出于相同的原因，不同的群体对睡前报复拖延症的体验是不同的。）”说明不同的群体经历不同的睡前报复拖延症，第二句“Parents of young children spend most of their day trying to balance work and childcare, so they are thirsty for some time alone. For them, this is only possible at night.（年幼孩子的父母每天大部分时间都在努力平衡工作和照顾孩子，所以他们渴望有一段独处的时间。对他们来说，这只有在晚上才有可能。）”举例说明有孩子的父母的睡前拖延症，G项“同样，从事高压力工作的员工往往会有睡前拖延症”符合语境，说明高压力的员工会有睡前拖延症，与上一句一起举例说明第一句。故选G。
5. 上文“Are people really driven to stay up for “me time” — or just night owls who prefer nighttime?（人们真的是为了“自我专属时间”而熬夜吗，还是只是夜猫子更喜欢晚上？）”提到了两种睡前拖延症的理由，D项中的“the two”指代这两者，因此推断D项“区分这两者的一种方法是注意其后果。”符合语境，说明了区分两者的办法是它们的后果，下文“People indulging in bedtime procrastination do so at the cost of their health and work, while night owls don’t necessarily fight for “me time” at any cost.（沉迷于睡前拖延症的人会以他们的健康和工作为代价，而夜猫子不一定会“不惜一切代价”争取自己的时间。）”具体分析了这两者的不同结果。故选D。
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要描写作者在晨跑时遇到一位女性躺在地上，询问之后女性回复没有问题。作者离开之后不放心又折回来帮助这位女性。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我停下来问她是否还好，她没有抬起头就回答是的。A. stopped停留；B. rose增长；C. fell落下；D. turned转动。根据上文“As I got closer, she sat and moved aside”可知，作者走近之后停下来问她是否还好。故选A项。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. shaking摇动；B. lifting举起；C. covering覆盖；D. dropping掉下。根据后文“For the first time, she looked up...”可知，她没有抬头就回答没有问题。故选B项。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每走一步，我都越来越担心自己做了错误的决定。A. anger生气；B. interest兴趣；C. concern关心，担心；D. wish希望。根据后文“that I had made the wrong decision”可推测，作者还是有点放心不下。故选C项。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：过了一个街区，我转过身跑了回来。A. block街区；B. trip旅行；C. talk谈话；D. search搜索。根据语境“So after a ___4___ I turned around and ran back. ”以及常识可知，作者跑了一个街区，转过身跑了回来。故选A项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不会这样把你留在这里。A. find发现；B. lead引导；C. trap使陷入困境；D. leave离开。根据上文“I turned around and ran back”可知，作者折回是为了不想让这位路人就这样留在那里。故选D项。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她第一次抬起头来，显然她病了。A. sad伤心的；B. ill生病的；C. tired累的；D. drunk喝醉的。根据后文“This twenty-something-year-old told me she had eaten magic mushrooms and felt dizzy(眩晕的)”可知，显然她生病了。故选B项。
7. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们在等的时候，一辆又一辆车停下来查看我们的情况，直到她的父母来了。A. pulled over靠边停车；B. drove off 驱散；C. lined up整顿；D. sped by飞驰而过。根据语境“to check on us .”可推断，有车靠边停下来查看我们的情况。故选A项。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我猜在我找到她之前，那个女人在人行道上躺了一会儿。A. waiting等待；B. sitting坐；C. lying躺下；D. crying哭。根据上文“A few miles into my morning run, I saw a woman lying ahead.”以及“I turned around and ran back”可知，在我折回之前，这位女士在人行道上躺了一会儿。故选C项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. phoned打电话；B. judged判断；C. caught抓住；D. reached到达。根据上文“A few miles into my morning run, I saw a woman lying ahead.”以及“I turned around and ran back”可知，在我折回之前，这位女士在人行道上躺了一会儿。故选D项。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许是因为他们不确定如何应对不确定的情况。A. explain解释；B. survive幸存；C. respond作出反应；D. escape逃离。根据语境“But no one in the passing cars stopped to help.”可推知，作者认为可能是人们不确定如何应对不确定的情况，所以才没停下来帮忙。故选C项。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我向这个女人提供援助，其他人就清楚地意识到需要帮助，忧心忡忡的公民开始做出反应。A. respect尊敬；B. aid帮助；C. gratitude感激；D. advice建议。根据语境“I called her parents. As we were waiting, car after car ____ to check on us until her parents arrived.”可知，其他人就清楚地意识到需要帮助。故选B项。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. clear清楚的；B. strange奇怪的；C. awful糟糕的；D. fascinating极有吸引力的。根据上文“Once I offered ______to the woman”可知，当我向这名妇女提供援助，其他人就清楚地意识到需要帮助。故选A项。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为负责任的个人，我们可以通过做出道德选择来帮助那些需要帮助的人，从而克服袖手旁边。A. excuse借口；B. overcome克服；C. defend防御；D. perform执行。根据语境“by making moral choices to help those in need.”可知，我们可以通过帮助他人来克服袖手旁边。故选B项。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当旁观者采取行动时，很多人也会经常跟随。A. disagree不同意；B. question问题；C. complain抱怨；D. follow跟随。根据语境“Once I offered ____ to the woman, it became _____ to others that help was needed, and concerned citizens began to react.可知，一旦有人开始帮忙，其他人也会跟随。故选D项。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时只需要一个人就能改变现状。A. order次序；B. approach方法；C. situation情况，现状； D. routine惯例。根据上文“concerned citizens began to react”可知，有时只需要一个人就能改变现状。故选C项。
【答案】36. which 37. from 38. is taken 39. happiness
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者家和一个俄式老茶壶之间的故事。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：我家有一个非常古老的茶壶，是我曾祖母的曾祖母的。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是samovar，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
2. 考查介词。句意：她如何买下这个茶壶的故事已经代代相传。由空后“generation to generation.”可知，from...to...“从……到……”为固定搭配，符合题意。故填from。
3. 考查语态和主谓一致。句意：每次我们家有特殊的场合，茶壶都要拿出来。由从句谓语动词have可知，空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，表示经常性的动词；此处主语是动作的承受者，所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态的被动语态：be done，主语是单数，所以空处be动词需用is。故填is taken。
4. 考查名词。句意：这个茶壶象征着幸福，这是我想永远留在家里的东西！空处需用名词作宾语，happy的名词为happiness“幸福”，不可数名词。故填happiness。
【答案】40. Shocked 41. extremely 42. to keep
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者和父母在开往泽西岛的船上，看到一位老人在给乘客剥牡蛎时的反应。
1. 考查形容词。句意：母亲惊呆了，走过去仔细看了看。表示“震惊的”，修饰人，应用-ed结尾形容词shocked，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Shocked。
2. 考查副词。句意：父亲非常生气，喊道：“我就知道那个贼是没用的！”修饰形容词angry应用副词extremely，作状语。故填extremely。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我的父母决定保守这个秘密，让我悄悄地付牡蛎的钱。结合句意表示“决心做某事”短语为be determined to do sth.。故填to keep。
【答案】43. offers 44. and 45. farming
【解析】这是一篇说明文。在实验室培育的菜园里，第一批播种在月球泥土里的种子已经发芽。这种在阿波罗任务返回的样本中种植的小作物为有朝一日宇航员在月球上种植食物带来了希望。但是种植在月球泥土中的植物比生长在地球火山物质中的植物生长得更慢，也更弱。这一发现表明，在月球上耕种需要的不仅仅是伟大的园艺技能。
1. 考查时态。句意：这种在阿波罗任务返回的样本中种植的小作物为有朝一日宇航员在月球上种植食物带来了希望。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为This small crop，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填offers。
2. 考查连词。句意：但是种植在月球泥土中的植物比生长在地球火山物质中的植物生长得更慢，也更弱。前后文为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一发现表明，在月球上耕种需要的不仅仅是伟大的园艺技能。作从句的主语，应用动名词形式。故填farming。
【答案】
The Beauty of Xiamen
If you are about to pay a visit to Xiamen, I recommend the scenic spots of Kulangsu in Xiamen.
You must know Zheng Chenggong, who was a great navigator in the history of China. The statue of Zheng Chenggong stands at the Fuding Rock on the southeastern tip of Kulangsu, which looks like a man facing the magnificent sea, wearing armor and holding his sword in his hand. His image is strong and imposing. Apart from this beautiful scenery, a unique local snack street there also attracts visitors from all around the world. If I were you, I would go to the night market where not only can you experience local eating habit but also you can taste many street foods.
There are many places worth visiting in Kulangsu. I hope my recommendation will make you want to pay a visit here.
【解析】
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于话题作文。你校厦门中学生助手英文报正组织“发现城市之美”征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，描写厦门一角，展示美丽风景。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
打算：be about to→be going to
世界各地：all around the world→around the world
除了：apart from→in addition to
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Apart from this beautiful scenery, a unique local snack street also attracts visitors from all around the world.
拓展句：Apart from this beautiful scenery, a unique local snack street also attracts visitors who are from all around the world.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] You must know Zheng Chenggong, who was a great navigator in the history of China.（运用了who引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]If I were you, I would go to the night market where not only can you experience local eating habit but also you can taste many street foods.（由if引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气、where引导的定语从句和not only引起的倒装句）
【答案】
It turns out that there is a particular type of music that helps you go that extra mile. Listening to music while training takes the brain’s concentration away from the tired body, which leads exercise to be viewed as less tough and more enjoyable. The kind of music can depend on both the type of workout you are doing and the intensity of the workout and your heartbeat.
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明，有一种特殊的音乐可以帮助你走得更远。训练时听音乐会让大脑的注意力从疲惫的身体上转移开，这会让人们觉得锻炼不那么艰苦，反而更有乐趣。音乐的种类取决于你所做的锻炼类型、锻炼强度和你的心跳。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①And if so, is there a particular type of music that helps you go that extra mile? It turns out, yes.
②Listening to music while training takes the brain’s concentration away from the tired body. In a sense, it fights for the attention on the fact that the body is “working out”. This leads exercise to be viewed as less tough and makes working out more enjoyable.
③The kind of music you listen to can depend on the type of workout you are doing.
It also depends on the intensity of the workout and your heartbeat.
2. 缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3. 遣词造句
It turns out that there is a particular type of music that helps you go that extra mile.
Listening to music while training takes the brain’s concentration away from the tired body, which leads exercise to be viewed as less tough and more enjoyable.
The kind of music can depend on both the type of workout you are doing and the intensity of the workout and your heartbeat.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] It turns out that there is a particular type of music that helps you go that extra mile.（主语从句和定语从句完美结合）
[高分句型2] Listening to music while training takes the brain’s concentration away from the tired body, which leads exercise to be viewed as less tough and more enjoyable.（which引导的非限制性定语从句）
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