辽宁省营口市普通高中2021-2022学年高一下学期期末英语试题含解析

这是一份辽宁省营口市普通高中2021-2022学年高一下学期期末英语试题含解析，共19页。试卷主要包含了 5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

营口市普通高中2021—2022学年度下学期期末教学质量监测一年级
英语试卷
考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分
注意事项：
本试卷分为客观题和主观题两部分，试题卷中第I卷为客观题，答案选项涂在答题卡相应题号上；第 II卷为非选择题，答案一律答在答题卡相应位置上，答案写在本试卷上无效。
第Ⅰ卷（客观题）
第一部分 考试听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
1. What place are the speakers looking for?
A. A hotel. B. A police station. C. A cinema.
2. What will the man do first this afternoon?
A. Go to the supermarket. B. Have his hair cut. C. Visit the woman.
3. What does the woman think the film will be like?
A. Exciting. B. Amusing. C. Terrifying.
4. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At home. B. At a supermarket. C. At the man’s office.
5. What does the man mean?
A. Amy should not be so rude.
B. The woman needn’t be so angry.
C. Amy must be sick this morning.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How did the woman feel about winning the competition?
A. Excited. B. Surprised. C. Confident.
7. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Give her some advice. B. Meet a journalist. C. Write some articles.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why didn’t the man watch Football Academy last night?
A. He had no time. B. He disliked the judges. C. He was too tired.
9. What does the man wish?
A. He had watched Football Academy.
B. Football Academy would be broadcast again.
C. Other programs would replace Football Academy.
10. What do the speakers agree about Football Academy?
A. There are too many similar programs.
B. Viewers can learn a lot from the program.
C. The program should be shown at an earlier time.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. When can the man’s friend begin to take classes if he books now?
A. In August. B. In September. C. In December.
12. What kind of classes may the man’s friend prefer?
A. Two-hour grammar ones.
B. Eighty-minute grammar ones.
C. Fifty-minute speaking ones.
13. What does the woman suggest the man do in the end?
A. Ask his friend to book his place.
B. Pay for the classes right now.
C. Meet the teacher soon.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What are the speakers discussing?
A. The man’s birthday party. B. The woman’s brother. C. The man’s dad.
15. What does the man think of his father’s performance at his birthday party?
A. Proud. B. Ridiculous. C. Surprising.
16. When will Eric’s birthday party be held?
A. Next Saturday. B. This Saturday. C. Tonight.
17. How will the man help the woman?
A. By making things with balloons.
B. By making up with a funny look.
C. By asking his father to perform at a party.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
A. Global warming. B. Water shortage. C. Antarctica.
19. What can we learn from the talk?
A. There may not be clean drinking water.
B. People living near sea may have to move.
C. Animals in Antarctica may get used to warm weather.
20. Why may penguins be dying off?
A. They are being killed by the warmer temperatures.
B. They are having difficulty finding living places.
C. They are lacking food.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题给出的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Big Space Events to Put in Your Calendar for 2022
MAY — CHINA’S SPACE STATION GETS BIGGER
May will see the launch of a new module for the Tiangong space station, China’s “Palace in the sky”. Its first core module, Tianhe was launched last April. The next module will be Wentian, a laboratory expected to launch between May and June. It will also serve as a backup core module and the place where future spacewalks from the taikonauts will take place. It will be followed by a second laboratory module, Mengtian, in August-September.
JUNE — INDIA’S SPACECRAFT TAKES ITS FIRST FLIGHT
ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organization, has announced that Gaganyaan (which translates to Sky Craft) will have is first unscrewed fight in June. The craft is panned to be a key vehicle in the Indian Human Spaceflight Program and, all going well in this test; it will be followed by a crewed test next year.
JULY — RUSSIA EYES THE MOONAGAIN
Russia’s Luna program had many successes with landers, rovers, and even sample returns, and Luna 25 is expected to follow in that tradition according to Russian Space Agency, Roscomos. The mission is just a lander expected to touch down near the Lunar South Pole with instruments designed to study the soil. The location might be a possible area of interest for a permanent base on the Moon.
AUGUST — MORE LUNAR MISSIONS
August will see the launch of the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter, a panned lunar orbiter by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI). This will be the first Korean Lunar Mission, a technology demonstration for KARI.
1. Which country will carry out multiple space tasks this year?
A. China. B. India. C. Russia. D. Korea.
2. What do we know about Luna 25?
A. It will operate in low lunar orbit. B. It will take a land on the Moon.
C. It will serve as a permanent base. D. It will take its first crewed flight.
3. When is the first Korean Lunar Mission scheduled?
A. In May. B. In June. C. In July. D. In August.


I am a strong believer that if a child is raised with approval, he learns to love himself and will be successful in his own way.
Several weeks ago, I was doing homework with my son in the third grade and he kept standing up from his chair. I kept asking him to sit down, telling him that he would concentrate better. He sat but seconds later, as if he didn’t even notice he was doing it, he got up again. I was getting angry, but then it hit me: I started noticing his answers were much quicker and right when he stood up. Could he concentrate better while standing up?
This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe. I grew up to believe that a quiet child was more likely to succeed. This child would have the ability to study hard, get good grades and become someone important in life. Kids that were active and loud would only be losers.
Now people perhaps come to realize that their kids are born with their own sets of DNA, and all they can do is loving and accepting them. As parents, throughout their growing years and beyond that, we need to guide them and help them find their way.
I have stopped asking my son to sit down and concentrate. Clearly, he is concentrating, just in his own way and not mine. We need to accept our kids, and their ways of doing things. There is nothing sweeter than seeing our children being themselves. It makes us happy and that’s just the way I want my kids to live a happy life.
4. The author tried to keep his son seated so that ________.
A. he couldn’t disturb the author
B. he could keep silent in the room
C. he could finish his homework on time
D. he could pay more attention to his study
5. Encouraged by the example of his son, the author began to doubt ________.
A. the importance of parents
B. the old education concepts
C. the good grades of some kids
D. the love between kids and their parents
6. What does the author think of teaching children?
A. Encouragement is important.
B. Children shouldn’t be punished.
C. Children can’t be taught in the same way.
D. Children should be taught to behave themselves.
7. In the opinion of the author, children should ________.
A. have no freedom B. have their own style
C. learn from their friends D. be friendly to their parents


Generation Z — people born in the mid-1990s and the early 2010s — are set to lead the next wave of China’s digital development, said a recent report.
The report said Gen Z are consumers who are willing to spend big on digital products to explore the virtual world. According to the report by internet firm Sina, more than 63 percent of the Gen Z surveyed have a strong interest in metaverse, a term that has become a hot topic in recent months and shows a shared virtual environment in which technologies are combined to create a sense of virtual presence.
They are eager to experience the most advanced technologies like virtual reality and digital human in the metaverse. Up to 26 percent of them even want to keep a pet in the virtual world, the report stated.
“Generation Z is expected to become the new consumption power for the coming digital market. Their way of information acquisition, consumption and living methods have been fixed with great internet characteristics,” said Qiao Yu, deputy head of the Artificial Intelligence Media Research Institute of Sina.
“People enjoy the convenience of fast technology development; they are also advocates of smart life. Generation Z has a richer experience with technology products and is more willing to buy and apply smart devices in daily life.”
The report found that more than 55 percent of the Gen Z surveyed tend to use intelligent products in their homes while 44 percent would use smart wearable devices in their daily lives.
“For companies that want to find the next sweet spot in the digital world, Generation Z will be an important target group. Their growing desire to display their virtual avatars or assets will contribute to a huge market in the coming years,” said Wu Shichun, founding partner of Plum Ventures.
8. What might the underlined word “metaverse” be according to the text?
A. A new life style B. A virtual world
C. A digital product D. An advanced technology
9. According to the text, if a company wants to be successful in digital market in the coming year, what should they do?
A. To target young people. B. To provide new experience.
C. To produce cheaper products. D. To display their virtual avatars.
10. Which of the following is true about Generation Z?
A. They are powerful. B. They enjoy smart life.
C. They love to keep pets. D. They like to spend money.
11. Which of the following can be a proper title of the text?
A. Generation Z B. Welcome to the virtual world
C. The convenience of latest technology D. Report shows Gen Z to ride digital wave


The over 48,000 orange trees in Seville, Spain, not only fill the city’s air with the pleasant smell of orange blossoms in spring, but they also produce over 16,500 tons of fruit every winter. Though that makes the capital of southern Spain’s Andalusia region Europe’s top orange-producing city, the fruit is too sour to be consumed fresh. While some of the produce is used to make orange jam and an alcoholic drink, most of it ends up in Seville’s landfills (填埋场). However, that may change soon thanks to a clever idea to use the oranges to produce clean energy.
The trial programme is being launched by the city’s council and park department in cooperation with Emasesa, Seville’s water supply and sanitation (卫生) division. Juice from 38.6 tons of oranges will be left to ferment (发酵) in a specialised facility. The methane (甲烷) released from the fermented liquid will be captured and used to drive a generator to produce clean power. The officials estimate the test run will produce about 1,500 kWh of energy — enough to run one of Emasesa’s water purification plants. To ensure there is no waste, the orange skins, peels, and flesh will be used as fertiliser.
“It’s not just about saving money. The oranges are a problem for the city, and we’re producing added value from waste,” said Benigno Lopez, head of Emasesa’s environmental department.
If successful, by 2023, the city hopes to recycle all the oranges and add the electricity produced back into its power transmission network. In trial runs, one ton of oranges produced 50 kWh of clean energy — enough to cover the daily electricity needs of five homes. The project team estimates that if all the fruit is recycled, it will produce enough energy to power as many as 73,000 residences.
“This project will help us to reach our targets for reducing emissions, energy self-sufficiency, and the circular economy,” Juan Espadas Cejas, mayor of Seville, said in the press conference announcing the trial programme.
12. What do we know about oranges in Seville from the first paragraph?
A. They are usually picked in spring.
B. They are mostly used to make jams and juice.
C. They are not recommended to be eaten fresh.
D. They make Seville the world’s top orange-producing city.
13. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. Different uses of Seville oranges.
B. Ways to produce power from juice.
C. An introduction to the trial programme.
D. Reasons for launching the trial programme.
14. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The energy produced will be used to purify water.
B. Seville hasn’t carried out the trial programme yet.
C. The electricity produced will go to Seville’s power plants.
D. 14,600 tons of recycled oranges are needed to power 73,000 homes.
15. What is Juan Espadas Cejas’ attitude towards this project?
A. It is risky but beneficial.
B. It is helpful and worth trying.
C. It is crazy and cannot become a reality
D. It is impractical though possible in theory.
第三部分 七选五（共5小题 ；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ways to Finally Become a Morning Person
Calculate your perfect bedtime
The easiest way to wake up earlier in the morning is to get enough sleep. ___16___: For a week, remember the number of hours you sleep, including weekends. Divide that number by seven to calculate your nightly need. Think about a time you’ve been on vacation or of a night you felt particularly rested — how much sleep did you get? Once you have that number, calculate backwards from the time you want to get up and plan to go to bed at that new hour.
Find out your stay­awake things
Nighttime can go away fast, especially when you have a lot to accomplish. To be successful in having an earlier bedtime, you may need to set an alarm. And contrary to popular advice, you don’t have to turn off the light right before bed. ___17___, but reading a thriller may not be the best idea.
Create a morning to­do list
Another good habit is to think about what you want to accomplish in the morning. Having a morning goal is the best motivation (动力). ___18___. This way you’ll feel like you’re on a task when you wake up, you’ll get closer to your morning goal and you’ll have a clear schedule to follow.
___19___
People who exercise are easy to sleep better than those who don’t. Indeed, studies have shown a strong connection to a better quality of sleep for people who work out at least 10 minutes a day. ___20___, which in turn helps fight with sleeplessness.
A. Praise yourself
B. Take some exercise
C. Reading is a great way to relax
D. Write three tasks you have to do the next day
E. Here’s how to figure out your sleep needs
F. One reason: exercise reduces your stress levels
G. It can be difficult to develop a new habit even if you know the habit is positive and useful
第四部分 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When my dad finally finished the triathlon in Montauk, the crowd cheered. It showed me how his hard work paid off. I wondered whether a small boy of my size could ____21____ something like that. My father ____22____ me and said I could train with him.
After a few weeks of ____23____, I signed up for my first triathlon. Before the competition, I nervously waited for the ____24____. When someone fired the gun, I was ____25____, swimming towards the distant buoy (浮标) that marked my turn. I ____26____ the half-mile swim and ran towards my bike. I was dripping wet, trying to ____27____ it. Once on my bike, I experienced an excitement specific to ____28____. I went through the transition zone (转换区) again and ____29____ my running shoes. At the start of the run part of the triathlon, my ____30____ already felt like they were made of cement (水泥).
For me, the real competition began during the run, ____31____ now I could see each competitor as a target. No matter my ____32____ in the field, each racer was either following me or being followed. The run part of the race boiled down to ____33____ tolerance. “Shut up, legs”, one of my favorite quotes, kept me from ____34____ the burning feeling. Then I crossed the finish line. I took a breath and then began a(n) ____35____ with the other finishers. The sense of accomplishment was there for all of us.
21. A. preview B. deserve C. achieve D. benefit
22. A. satisfied B. encouraged C. puzzled D. embarrassed
23. A. performing B. fighting C. meeting D. training
24. A. result B. seat C. gun D. audience
25. A. up B. round C. off D. along
26. A. finished B. considered C. assessed D. arranged
27. A. point at B. get on C. get back D. find out
28. A. running B. traveling C. cycling D. swimming
29. A. took off B. switched to C. cleaned up D. fell off
30. A. arms B. hands C. shoulders D. legs
31. A. because B. although C. until D. unless
32. A. status B. position C. task D. function
33. A. risk B. drug C. stress D. pain
34. A. showing off B. bringing in C. thinking about D. carrying out
35. A. experiment B. celebration C. argument D. cooperation
第Ⅱ卷（主观题）
第五部分 语法填空（共10小题：每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A college student who shows great courage in fighting severe kidney (肾脏) disease while following his dreams in scientific ____36____(invent) has inspired many people.
Zou Yongsong, 27, is a student at Changsha University of Science &Technology in Changsha, Hunan Province. At the age of four, Zou caught ____37____ high fever, and poor medical treatment in the village left his kidneys ____38____ (serious) damaged. Since then he has suffered kidney problems and has had to take medicine daily ____39____ (fight) the disease.
Though he suffered the pain ____40____ (bring) by the disease, he didn’t give up attending school. After years of hard work, Zou was admitted to Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology. In 2017 his condition became ____41____ (bad) and he had to receive dialysis (透析) treatment. ____42____, the physical suffering did not stop him ____43____ (dream) of a career in science. Even during his stay in hospital, he insisted ____44____ working on patent (专利权) applications. Over the last two years, six of his patents and copyrights _____45_____ (approve).
Because he shows courage and optimism when facing difficulty and misfortune, Zou was awarded the Touching Hunan award in November.
第六部分 书面表达(满分15分)
假定你是班长李华，下周你班将组织一次为偏远地区的孩子捐赠衣物的活动。请给你班的交换生John写一封邮件，邀请他参加此次活动，内容要点如下：
1. 发出邀请；
2. 介绍活动；
3. 表达期待。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第七部分 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为120左右。
Tyra Winters was a high school student in Texas. One day, she was marching towards her home after the school day. As she slowly made her way down the street, the 17-year-old was enthusiastically planning the coming weekend party with her best friends, thinking of all the music, laughter, and excitement.
All of a sudden, a horrific scream was heard in the street. Turning back, Winters saw a boy about two years old lying on the sidewalk. And his wild mother was begging for help. “Someone help me, someone help me.” The little boy, Clarke Hornback, as his mother told, had been sucking on a piece of candy when it slid down the back of his mouth. It was stuck in his throat and blocked his windpipe (气管). Clarke’s face was bright red. “There was no coughing; there was no breathing!” Clarke’s mother, Nicole Hornback cried in great panic.
The crowds soon gathered around the poor boy and the mother. The boy was just gasping (喘气) for air. No one seemed to know how to help.
Except for Winters, who had always had dreams of becoming a surgeon for children! She had learned the first aid knowledge for treating choking. It was time for her to save the boy’s life. Knowing that the clock was ticking, she ran to the child.
Paragraph 1:
By the time Winters got to Clarke, the boy’s face had tuned purple.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
It all happened so fast that Nicole even had no time to thank the girl.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________







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【答案】1-5 CABAB 6-10 BACBB 11-15 BCACB 16-20 ACABC
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要内容是2022年大型太空活动的日历。日历中，主要介绍了中国、韩国、俄罗斯和印度四国在2022年间的太空计划。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一个板块“May will see the launch of a new module for the Tiangong space station, China’s “Palace in the sky”. Its first core module, Tianhe was launched last April. The next module will be Wentian, a laboratory expected to launch between May and June. It will also serve as a backup core module and the place where future spacewalks from the taikonauts will take place. It will be followed by a second laboratory module, Mengtian, in August-September.(5月将看到中国“空中宫殿”天宫空间站新模块的发射。它的第一个核心模块天河于去年四月推出。下一个模块将是问天，这是一个预计在5月至6月之间启动的实验室。它还将作为备用核心模块，也是未来宇航员太空行走的地方。紧随其后的是第二个实验室模块，梦天，在8月至9月。)”可知，中国今年将进行多项航天任务。A项“China”（中国）符合题意，故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三个版块“The mission is just a lander expected to touch down near the Lunar South Pole with instruments designed to study the soil.(这项任务只是一个着陆器，预计将在月球南极附近着陆，配备用于研究土壤的仪器。)”可知，Luna 25将在月球南极附近着陆。B项“It will take a land on the Moon.(它将登陆月球。)”符合原文表述，故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一个版块“August will see the launch of the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter, a panned lunar orbiter by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI). This will be the first Korean Lunar Mission, a technology demonstration for KARI.”（8月将看到韩国探路者月球轨道器的发射，这是一个由韩国航空航天研究所(KARI)制造的平移月球轨道器。这将是韩国首次登月任务，是KARI的技术演示。）可知，韩国计划在8月实施第一次登月任务。D项“In August”符合题意，故选D。

【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述儿子与自己在学习方式上的不同的故事，告诉我们不同的人有不同的学习方式，要因材施教。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“I kept asking him to sit down, telling him that he would concentrate (集中注意力) better.(我不断地要求儿子坐下来，告诉他，他将会更集中注意力于学习。)”可知，作者不断要求儿子坐下来学习，是为了让他儿子能够更加集中注意力学习。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“but then it hit me: I started noticing his answers were much quicker and right when he stood up.(但是我突然想到，当儿子站着的时候，他的答案更准确，更快。)”可知，作者对比儿子的表现之后，发现儿子现在的学习效果更好，因此开始怀疑自己之前的想法，再根据第三段前两句“This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe.(这让我开始质疑自己，以及我从小被教育要相信的东西。)”可知，作者质疑自己认为安静的孩子更可能成功的想法。这些都说明作者怀疑之前的教育方法是否正确。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段二、三句“Clearly, he is concentrating, just in his own way and not mine. We need to accept our kids, and their ways of doing things.(显然，他很专注，只是以他自己的方式，而不是我的方式。我们需要接受我们的孩子，以及他们做事的方式。)”可知，作者认为每个孩子都有自己不同的特点，我们要接受他们，并且因材施教，不能使用同样的方法来教育不同的孩子。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段二、三句“Clearly, he is concentrating, just in his own way and not mine. We need to accept our kids, and their ways of doing things.(显然，他很专注，只是以他自己的方式，而不是我的方式。我们需要接受我们的孩子，以及他们做事的方式。)”可知，每个孩子都有自己的特点和风格。故选B。

【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过列举各种数据和媒体报道来说明Z一代更享受科技快速发展带来的便利，是智能生活的倡导者，也指出了他们在数码市场中所占的重要地位，并可能会为未来市场作出巨大贡献。
1. 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“shows a shared virtual environment in which technologies are combined to create a sense of virtual presence.(显示了一个共享的虚拟环境，在这个虚拟环境中，将技术结合在一起，创造出一种虚拟存在感。)”可知，metaverse是能给人创造虚拟存在感的虚拟环境，即一种虚拟世界。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第七段“For companies that want to find the next sweet spot in the digital world, Generation Z will be an important target group.(对于希望在数码世界中找到下一个甜头的公司来说，Z一代将是一个重要的目标群体。)”可知，这些想在数码市场获得成功的公司来说，他们应该把Z一代作为重要目标客户，而根据文章第一段“Generation Z — people born in the mid-1990s and the early 2010s(Z一代的人出生于20世纪90年代中期和21世纪10年代初)”可知，Z一代都是年轻人。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“People enjoy the convenience of fast technology development; they are also advocates of smart life. Generation Z has a richer experience with technology products and is more willing to buy and apply smart devices in daily life.(人们享受科技快速发展带来的便利，同时也是智能生活的倡导者。Z一代对科技产品的体验更丰富，更愿意在日常生活中购买和应用智能设备。)”可知，Z一代更愿意在日常生活中使用智能设备，说明他们享受智能生活。故选B。
4. 标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“Generation Z — people born in the mid-1990s and the early 2010s — are set to lead the next wave of China’s digital development, said a recent report.(最近的一份报告称，出生于20世纪90年代中期和21世纪10年代初的Z一代将引领中国数字化发展的下一波浪潮。)”可知，文章开头提出Z一代将引领中国数字化发展的下一波浪潮，而文章接下来的段落拿出各种数据和媒体报道来说明Z一代在数码市场中所占的重要地位，也有人作出他们可能会为未来市场作出巨大贡献这样一个预测。通过对比各选项，D项“Report shows Gen Z to ride digital wave”（报道显示Z一代驾驭数码的浪潮）最适合做文章标题。故选D。

【答案】12. C 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍西班牙城市塞维利亚的冬季是橙色的季节，但是当地近16500吨的橙子大部分都被作为垃圾掩埋。然而，这一现象即将改变，这些无用的橙子将被用来生产清洁能源。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“Though that makes the capital of southern Spain’s Andalusia region Europe’s top orange-producing city, the fruit is too sour to be consumed fresh.(虽然这使得西班牙南部安达卢西亚地区的首府成为欧洲最大的柑橘生产城市，但这种水果太酸了，不能新鲜食用。)”可知，塞维利亚的橙子太酸了，不建议新鲜食用。故选C。
2. 概括大意题。根据第二段第二句话到最后一句“Juice from 38. 6 tons of oranges will be left to ferment (发酵) in a specialised facility. The methane (甲烷) released from the fermented liquid will be captured and used to drive a generator to produce clean power. The officials estimate the test run will produce about 1,500 kWh of energy — enough to run one of Emasesa’s water purification plants. To ensure there is no waste, the orange skins, peels, and flesh will be used as fertiliser.(来自38.6吨橙子的果汁将留在一个专门的设施中发酵。从发酵液中释放的甲烷将被捕获并用于驱动发电机产生清洁能源。官员们估计，试运行将产生约1500千瓦时的能量，足以运行Emasesa的一座净水厂。为了确保没有垃圾，橘子皮、果皮和果肉将被用作肥料。)”可知，本段主要介绍了这一试验项目的方案。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句话“In trial runs, one ton of oranges produced 50 kWh of clean energy — enough to cover the daily electricity needs of five homes. The project team estimates that if all the fruit is recycled, it will produce enough energy to power as many as 73,000 residences.(在试运行中，一吨橙子产生50千瓦时的清洁能源，足以满足五户家庭的日常电力需求。项目团队估计，如果所有的水果都被回收利用，它将产生足够的能量为多达73000户居民供电。)”可知，一吨橙子产生的清洁能源足以满足五户家庭的日常电力需求。由此可知，73000个家庭则需要14600吨的橙子。故选D。
4. 观点态度题。根据最后一段““This project will help us to reach our targets for reducing emissions, energy self-sufficiency, and the circular economy,” Juan Espadas Cejas, mayor of Seville, said in the press conference announcing the trial programme.(维利亚市长胡安·埃斯帕达斯·塞哈斯在宣布试验计划的新闻发布会上表示：“该项目将帮助我们实现减排、能源自给和循环经济的目标。”)”可知，维利亚市长胡安·埃斯帕达斯·塞哈斯认为这个实验项目是有帮助的并且值得一试。故选B。

【答案】16. E 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了让自己早起的终极绝招。
1. 根据本段小标题“Calculate your perfect bedtime.”可知，本段建议计算出你的理想上床时间。根据后文“For a week...calculate backwards from the time you want to get up and plan to go to bed at that new hour.”可知，在讲述计算理想上床睡觉时间的具体方法，E项“Here’s how to figure out your sleep needs(以下是如何确定你的睡眠需求)”可起到总结后文的作用，且句中的“figure out”与后文“calculate”相呼应。故选E。
2. 根据后文“but reading a thriller may not be the best idea.(但是读一部恐怖小说可不是最好的主意)”说明设空句应与阅读有关。选项C“Reading is a great way to relax(阅读是放松的好方法)”符合分析，贴合语境。故选C。
3. 根据本段小标题“Create a morning to­do list.”可知，本段建议罗列好早起事宜。设空句内容应呼应主题，选项D“Write three tasks you have to do the next day(写下你第二天要做的三件事)”呼应本段小标题。故选D。
4. 设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“People who exercise are easy to sleep better than those who don’t.”可知，锻炼的人往往比那些不锻炼的人睡眠质量高，因此可推知本段的标题应是“锻炼”。B项“Take some exercise(做一些运动)”符合分析，适合做本段标题。故选B。
5. 根据上文“Indeed, studies have shown a strong connection to a better quality of sleep for people who work out at least 10 minutes a day.(事实上，研究表明，每天至少锻炼10分钟与睡眠质量高有大大的关联性。)”可知，设空句应对此结论解释原因。选项F“One reason: exercise reduces your stress levels(原因之一：运动可以降低你的压力水平)”合理解释了原因。故选F。

【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在父亲的鼓励和训练下，参加了铁人三项。介绍了作者比赛的经过和比赛时的感受。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想知道像我这样个头的小男孩是否能取得像这样成就。A. preview预告；B. deserve值得；C. achieve取得，达到；D. benefit利益。根据上文“When my dad finally finished the triathlon in Montauk, the crowd cheered. It showed me how his hard work paid off.(当我父亲终于在蒙托克完成铁人三项比赛时，人群欢呼起来。这让我知道他的努力是有回报的。)”可知，看到父亲的努力取得了回报，所以作者也想知道自己是否能取得这样的成就。故选C。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我父亲鼓励我，说我可以和他一起训练。A. satisfied满足；B. encouraged鼓励；C. puzzled使困惑；D. embarrassed使尴尬。根据后文“said I could train with him”以及作者参加铁人三项可知，父亲鼓励作者。故选B。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几周的训练，我第一次报名参加铁人三项。A. performing表演；B. fighting战斗；C. meeting遇见；D. training训练。对应上文“I could train with him”可知，总之经过几周的训练，报名参加了铁人三项比赛。故选D。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：比赛前，我紧张地等待着枪响。A. result结果；B. seat座位；C. gun枪；D. audience观众。根据后文“When someone fired the gun”此处指等着枪响开始比赛。故选C。
5. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：当枪响时，我已经出发，游向远处标志着我次序的浮标。A. up向上；B. round围绕；C. off脱离；D. along沿着。根据后文“swimming towards the distant buoy that marked my turn”可知枪响了以后，作者离开，开始游向浮标。故选C。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我游完了半英里，跑向我的自行车。A. finished结束；B. considered考虑；C. assessed评估；D. arranged安排。根据后文“the half-mile swim and ran towards my bike”可知，作者完成了游泳的项目，开始奔向下一个项目。故选A。
7. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我浑身湿透了，努力爬到车上。A. point at指向；B. get on上车；C. get back回来；D. find out查明。根据后文“Once on my bike”此处指上自行车，应用get on。故选B。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦骑上自行车，我体验到一种骑自行车特有的兴奋。A. running跑步；B. traveling旅行；C. cycling骑自行车；D. swimming游泳。根据上文“Once on my bike”此处指骑自行车的兴奋。故选C。
9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我再次穿过过渡区，换上我的跑鞋。A. took off起飞；B. switched to更换；C. cleaned up清理；D. fell off跌落。根据后文“I went through the transition zone (转换区) again...my running shoes”以及下文“At the start of the run part of the triathlon”可知，作者骑完自行车，开始更换跑鞋跑步，应用switch to。故选B。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在铁人三项的跑步部分开始时，我的腿已经感觉像是水泥做的。A. arms胳膊；B. hands手；C. shoulders肩膀；D. legs腿。呼应后文“Shut up, legs”，指作者的腿因为劳累感到沉重。故选D。
11. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，真正的竞争是从跑步开始的，因为现在我可以把每个竞争者都当作目标。A. because因为；B. although虽然；C. until直到；D. unless除非。此处前后文为因果关系，引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故选A。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论我在场上的位置如何，每个选手不是跟着我就是被我跟着。A. status地位；B. position位置；C. task任务；D. function功能。根据后文“each racer was either following me or being followed”可知，是在描述自己在赛场上的位置情况，故选B。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：赛跑的部分可归结为对疼痛的忍耐力。A. risk风险；B. drug药物；C. stress压力；D. pain疼痛。根据后文“the burning feeling”可知，这里指赛跑的部分可归结为对疼痛的忍耐力。故选D。
14. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“闭嘴，腿”，我最喜欢的一句引文，阻止我去想那种灼烧的感觉。A. showing off炫耀；B. bringing in引进；C. thinking about考虑；D. carrying out实施。根据上文““Shut up, legs”, one of my favorite quotes, kept me from”可知，作者通过和自己想起一句最喜欢的引文来阻止自己去思考腿上灼烧的感觉。故选C。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我吸了一口气，然后开始和其他选手一起庆祝。A. experiment实验；B. celebration庆祝；C. argument争论；D. cooperation合作。根据上文“Then I crossed the finish line.”可知，作者过了终点线，然后开始和其他选手一起庆祝。故选B。

【答案】36. invention 37. a 38. seriously 39. to fight 40. brought
41. worse 42. However 43. dreaming 44. on 45. have been approved
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了大学生邹勇松身患严重肾病但仍然坚持学习、科研的故事。
1. 考查名词。句意：一位表现出巨大勇气抗击严重肾病，同时追随他的科学发明梦想的大学生鼓舞了许多人。此处作介词in的宾语，且有形容词scientific修饰，应用名词invention。故填invention。
2. 考查冠词。句意：邹四岁时发高烧，村里医疗不善，导致肾脏严重受损。固定短语catch a fever“发烧”，high是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
3. 考查副词。句意：邹四岁时发高烧，村里医疗不善，导致肾脏严重受损。此处修饰过去分词damaged，应用副词，作状语。故填seriously。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，他就遭受了肾脏问题，不得不每天吃药来对抗这种疾病。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to fight。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然他遭受了疾病带来的痛苦，但他没有放弃上学。the pain与bring之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填brought。
6. 考查形容词比较级。句意：2017年，他的病情恶化，不得不接受透析治疗。由“he had to receive dialysis (透析) treatment”可知，他的病情变得更差了，应用比较级。故填worse。
7. 考查副词。句意：然而，身体上的痛苦并没能阻止他从事科学事业的梦想。此处与上文存在转折关系，且有逗号隔开，应用转折副词however，句首单词，首字母要大写。故填However。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，身体上的痛苦并没能阻止他从事科学事业的梦想。固定搭配stop sb.(from) doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。故填dreaming。
9. 考查介词。句意：即使在住院期间，他也坚持从事专利申请工作。insist on为固定搭配，意为“坚持做……”，故填on。
10. 考查动词语态。句意：在过去的两年里，他的六项专利和版权已获得批准。由时间状语Over the last two years可知，应用现在完成时，主语与approve之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语为复数。故填have been approved

【答案】
Dear John,
How are you doing? Our class will hold an activity of donating clothes to children in remote areas next Friday. I am writing to invite you to join us.
The activity is scheduled to start at 2:00 p.m., lasting for about three hours. We are supposed to help collect and sort out the clothes donated by teachers and students in our school, and then pack the clothes up for transporting. Since the activity is of great significance and you are always willing to help others, why not come and join us this time?
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生邀请交换生John一起参加为偏远地区的孩子捐赠衣物的活动。
1. 词汇积累
给某人捐赠某物：donate sth. to sb.→contribute sth. to sb.
计划做某事：be scheduled to do sth.→plan to do sth.
帮助某人：help sb.→do sb. a favor
应该做某事：be supposed to do sth.→ought to do sth.
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The activity is scheduled to start at 2:00 p.m., lasting for about three hours.
拓展句：The activity which will last for about three hours is scheduled to start at 2:00 p.m.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】We are supposed to help collect and sort out the clothes donated by teachers and students in our school, and then pack the clothes up for transporting.（运用了过去分词短语作后置定语）
【高分句型2】Since the activity is of great significance and you are always willing to help others, why not come and join us ts time?（运用了since引导的原因状语从句）

【答案】
Paragraph 1:
By the time Winters got to Clarke, the boy’s face had tuned purple. “I got him!” she yelled to Nicole as she grabbed the boy from her. “I tilted him and gave a good three back thrusts,” she told the local CBS station. Soon, the boy coughed up the piece of candy, gasped, and began breathing again. Without another word, Winters handed Clarke back to his mother and ran back to her friends before they left her behind.
Paragraph 2:
It all happened so fast that Nicole even had no time to thank the girl. Winters’s heroic actions left Nicole speechless. “I don’t really have any words,” she said. “The words that you would say to anyone who does something for you is ‘thank you.’ But that doesn’t seem good enough.” Finally, with the help of the online media, they found the warm-hearted girl, Winters and Nicole thanked her in person.
【解析】这是一篇读后续写作文。
通过阅读所给文章可知，上文主要讲述了德克萨斯州的一名高中生Tyra Winters在街上遇到了一个被糖果堵住气管，呼吸困难的男孩Clarke Hornback，准备救助男孩的事情。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：当Winters到达Clarke时，男孩的脸已经变紫了。所以后文应该是讲述Winters是如何帮助男孩咳出糖果的；第二段开头是：这一切发生得如此之快，Nicole甚至没有时间感谢那个女孩。本段应该写Nicole最终是如何表达感谢之情的。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为120左右。
【点睛】
【高分词汇】
yell to sb.（对某人喊叫），tilt（倾斜），thrust（猛拍），heroic actions（英勇之举）
【高分句型】
The words that you would say to anyone who does something for you is ‘thank you.’（that和who引导的定语从句）