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山西省运城市景胜中学2021-2022学年高一下学期4月考英语试题含解析
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这是一份山西省运城市景胜中学2021-2022学年高一下学期4月考英语试题含解析，共20页。
第一部分 阅读理解
A
Amazing Scientists Who happen to Be Teenagers
We've got a list of teen scientists from a variety of fields.
Jack Andraka
Jack Andraka created a bio-sensor for cancer that he says is 168 times faster, 26, 667 times less expensive and 400 times more sensitive than technology nowadays. He is the youngest person to have spoken in front of the Royal Society of Medicine.
Taylor Wilson
Taylor Wilson was the youngest person to achieve nuclear fusion. He was inspired by The Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a kid tries and fails to build a nuclear reactor.
Taylor thought he could do better. Long story short, he wanted to build a mall nuclear reactor. And he did it at the age of fourteen. He received a Thiel Fellowship, which gave him $100, 000 to work on his own research.
Sara Volz
Sara Volz performed experiments in which she grew algae based on their oil output for the purpose of growing them as biofuel. This research is especially important as the world continues to search for a way to lessen our dependence on non-renewable energy. She won the top prize of $100, 000 in the Intel Science Talent Search.
Daniel Burd
Plastic usually takes thousands of years to decompose, but this high school student Daniel Burd managed to do it in three months.
In an experiment, he mixed plastic bags and a special kind of dirt together, and found that they did decompose faster. He then performed tests to find the bacteria responsible for decomposing the plastics.
His solution only produces water and small amounts of carbon dioxide. He says it could easily be used elsewhere.
1. Who designed a medical instrument?
A. Jack Andraka. B. Taylor Wilson. C. Sara Volz. D. Daniel Burd.
2. What excited Taylor Wilson's interest in his invention?
A. Plastic pollution. B. A story book. C. Energy shortage. D. A prize of $100, 000.
3. What can we know about Daniel Burd's invention?
A. It was completed in three months. B. It won him a prize of $100, 000.
C. It is environmentally friendly. D. It is widely used in everyday waste.
B
I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled(贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, "Take your shoes away! Why under my bed! " Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute if it had not been for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly climbed up the bed into her covers, sobbing. Clearly, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy(同情) rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to catch mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, "Thanks. "
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
4. What made Kate angry one evening?
A. She couldn't find her books.
B. She heard the author shouting loudly.
C. She got the news that her grandma was ill.
D. She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.
5. The author tidied up the room most probably because ________.
A. she was scared by Kate's anger
B. she hated herself for being so messy
C. she wanted to show her care
D. she was requested by Kate to do so
6. How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?
A. By explaining causes.
B. By showing differences.
C. By describing a process.
D. By following time order.
7. What might be the best title for the story?
A. My Friend Kate B. Hard Work Pays Off
C. How to Be Organized D. Learning to Be Roommates
C
When girls play with cars, they're serious. It was at primary school that Gu Huijing first became interested in cars after watching some car-themed movies. Born in 2004 in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, Gu decided to major in automobiles(汽车) when she was in junior high.
She's driven by interest, but she is also a realist. "I think the future of the automobile industry is bright because we cannot live without food, clothes, houses and cars, " she said.
In April, she won first prize at a competition for vehicle maintenance(车辆维修) in Dongguan city, which drew 33 teams from different cities across the province.
"I thought it couldn't be that hard to repair cars when I started to take courses, but I was totally wrong, " Gu said. When she started learning in 2019, she was frequently confused by various problems. "And competition within our school is intense, so I had to work extra hard, " she said.
Her teacher once tried to persuade her to give up as she was a sophomore(大二学生) , and wasn't as knowledgeable as the seniors, and no women had ever been selected for the competition before. "But I insisted that I would carry on, " she said. Finally, her training and hard work won her the only place to stand for her school at the competition.
A woman winning first prize in a vehicle maintenance competition became a hot topic on-line, causing heated discussions over gender(性别) and career choices. "Women should not be influenced by old-fashioned thinking, and should do whatever it takes to discover their interests and strengths. There are more possibilities out there, " one netizen wrote.
Gu said, "Many people think vehicle maintenance is a job for men. That's wrong. I don't think gender has anything to do with choice of jobs. " "I have a goal and I will work harder to make it happen, " she added. "I will be responsible for my choices. "
8. What was a cause of Gu's choosing automobiles as her major?
A. The love for automobiles.
B. The guidance from her parents.
C. The high popularity of automobiles.
D. The determination to contribute to society.
9. Why did Gu's teacher advise her to quit the competition?
A. She lacked the knowledge related to it.
B. She had never taken part in a competition before.
C. She was unlikely to win the competition.
D. Women were not allowed to enter the competition.
10. Which of the following best describes Gu Huijing?
A. Creative and caring. B. Determined and hard-working.
C. Independent and humorous. D. Honest and courageous.
11. What would be the best title for the text?
A. There Is No End To Learning
B. Teenage Girl Wins Car Repair Contest
C. Vehicle Maintenance Catches On
D. Taking Challenge Leads To Success
D
I went to the Chinatown market in London last Sunday. The first thing I did was to go to one of the Chinese green grocers' shops. As soon as I entered the shop. I smelt mixtures of Chinese spices and saw the new season's fruits. My son wanted a bag of sweets, so we walked into the shop next door which sells many kinds of candy.
There is a lot of noise in the Chinatown market and you will see many tourists, too. There are a lot of cars and trucks that never stop beeping(按喇叭) . While people are loading and unloading their goods, most of them have their cars and trucks parked in the middle of the road. This causes great trouble for other drivers. Can you imagine that?
After we had done all our shopping, my son and I went to a restaurant for lunch. We enjoyed our meal very much. But the shopping made us both very tired in the end. We headed down the road to catch our bus home. My son and I enjoyed riding in the bus. We also enjoyed looking at different buildings and people walking by dressed in fancy outfits(服装) . Although Chinatown can be a busy place to shop in, I do enjoy going there now and then. I can buy some of my necessities, and I can also look and browse(浏览) around the other shops and department stores where I can indulge(使沉迷) myself with some nice things. Chinatown is located in the heart of central London, where you can find tons of shop and other places to amuse you. And for me, I certainly don't mind going back there again soon.
12. What place did the author and her son enter at first?
A. A grocery store. B. A garage.
C. A clothing shop. D. A restaurant.
13. Why are the traffic conditions in Chinatown not very good?
A. Because the road to the Chinatown is too narrow.
B. Because the road to the Chinatown market is being repaired.
C. Because many people are loading and unloading their goods.
D. Because most drivers stop their vehicles in the middle of the road.
14. What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?
A. The writer likes Chinatown because it's near.
B. The writer is not willing to spend much time at the Chinatown market
C. The writer will come to Chinatown again before long.
D. The writer doesn't have a good impression on Chinatown.
15. The passage tells us that that day the author ________.
A. drove her car home B. had lunch after shopping
C. bought a satisfying dress D. watched some performances with her
第二部分 七选五
Be the friend everyone wants
Some people seem to have a special talent for making friends. Being with them, you feel like you're the most interesting person in the world. How do these "friend magnets(磁铁) " do it? It's simple: they're truly interested in people. The people they meet feel important and special, so they return the favor by wanting to be their friends! _16_
Ask questions and listen to the answers. Have you ever been in a conversation with someone and thought, "Wow, that person is really interested in what I have to say! " Chances are that he was asking you questions and truly listening to your answers. In a conversation, ask people about things they are interested in or their opinions on something. _17_ If you land on a topic that someone is excited about, bingo!
Watch your body language. _18_ If you are interested in what someone has to say, you'll most likely smile encouragingly, and meet her eyes. Otherwise, you'll probably stare into space or tap your foot.
_19_ Is it hard to picture yourself walking down the hall handing out praise to everyone? (Nice jacket, Principal D! " "Love the jeans, Popular girl! ") Of course it is—you'd feel more fake than a three-dollar bill! But no doubt there are little things you notice and admire about the people around you. _20_ "Your poem is really good. I especially like that line about. . . " As long as you are sincere, you can't go wrong.
A. Then, comment on them.
B. Just be specific(具体) about what you like.
C. It's a great skill and here's how to develop it.
D. They'll want to be around you—it's as simple as that.
E. Your body sends messages as surely as your mouth does.
F. Say kind and true things.
G. Remember what's important to people.
第三部分 完形填空
What is time? Is it a thing to be saved or _21_ or wasted, like money? Or is it something we have no control _22_, like the weather? Is time the same all over the world? That's an easy question, you say. _23_ you go, a minute is 60 seconds, an hour is 60 minutes, a day is 24 hours, and so forth. Well, maybe. But in America, time is _24_ that. Americans see time as a valuable _25_. Maybe that's why they are _26_ of the expression, "Time is money. "
To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing _27_ for other people's time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually _28_ an apology, and maybe an explanation. People _29_ are running late often call ahead to let others know of the _30_. Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be exactly _31_. At informal get-togethers, _32_, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the _33_ time. But they usually don't try that at work.
American lifestyles show _34_ people respect the time of others. When people plan an event, they often _35_ the time days or weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed, it takes almost a(n) _36_ to change it. If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually _37_ first to make sure it is convenient. Only very close friends will just _38_ unannounced. Also, people hesitate to call others late at night for fear they _39_ be in bed. The time may vary, but most folks think _40_ about calling after 10:00 p. m.
21. A. bought B. ignored C. spent D. killed
22. A. over B. in C. with D. for
23. A. However B. Whenever C. Whatever D. Wherever
24. A. less than B. no more than C. not more than D. more than
25. A. resource B. material C. source D. factor
26. A. short B. fond C. crazy D. enthusiastic
27. A. preference B. mercy C. respect D. hatred
28. A. calls for B. arises from C. makes for D. results from
29. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
30. A. time B. result C. explanation D. delay
31. A. in time B. on time C. ahead of time D. over time
32. A. such as B. in a word C. for example D. as usual
33. A. assigned B. appointed C. approved D. assessed
34. A. how many B. how far C. how much D. how soon
35. A. set B. prepare C. use D. quit
36. A. emergency B. pleasure C. period D. emotion
37. A. write B. claim C. inform D. call
38. A. drop out B. drop by C. drop off D. drop behind
39. A. must B. might C. need D. shall
40. A. first B. last C. once D. twice
第四部分 语法填空
For _41_ (century) , people have believed that chicken soup _42_ (help) to fight a cold. Now, doctors say it may be true. They think that chicken soup has something that stops a cold from getting _43_ (bad) . Heat from the soup can also make _44_ person feel better.
Many people think that it is unhealthy not to have meat. It is true that meat, _45_ (especial) red meat, has protein that the body needs. A person _46_ doesn't eat meat can get enough protein and be healthy by eating tofu, eggs, and some vegetables. A study shows that tea is better than coffee. Tea has something that can protect your heart, fight cancer, and make you less fat. Coffee _47_ (do) not do this.
Many people believe that bread and potatoes can easily make people fat. In fact, bread and potatoes do not have fat in them. But _48_ (eat) too much and not exercising can make people fat. _49_, adding things like butter to _50_ (they) can raise the chance of becoming fat.
第五部分 短文改错
Last year, I studied in Ireland and made many friends from different countries. Yesterday, I receive a letter from a Spanish friend, which brought back my memories of studying in Ireland. She told me about some of the other people I met them in Ireland. She also said that two of my other friend would write to me from Italy. I felt happily and lucky because I made the lot of good friends when I was in Ireland. It was really interested for me to meet people from so much different countries. I think that we not only improved our English, but also got know people from all over the world and this is of great important. I will never forget this experience which influence on me is for life.
第六部分 书面表达
北京获得了2022年冬奥会举办权。假如你是李华，你想申请成为2022年冬奥会志愿者。请根据以下你的情况介绍，写一封想成为一名志愿者的申请信。
1. 乐于助人 2. 英语流利 3. 善于交际
要求：80词左右，开头和结尾已经给出。
参考词汇：冬奥会the Winter Olympics
Dear Sir/Madam,
Thank you for taking your time to read my letter.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
####################################################################################################
第一部分阅读理解
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位青少年科学家以及他们的发明。
1. 细节理解题。根据Jack Andraka中“Jack Andraka created a bio-sensor for cancer that he says is 168 times faster, 26, 667 times less expensive and 400 times more sensitive than technology nowadays. (Jack Andraka发明了一种癌症生物传感器，他说这种传感器比现在的技术快168倍，便宜26667倍，灵敏400倍)”可知，Jack Andraka设计了医疗器械。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据Taylor Wilson部分中“Taylor Wilson was the youngest person to achieve nuclear fusion. He was inspired by The Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a kid tries and fails to build a nuclear reactor. (Taylor Wilson是实现核聚变的最年轻的人。他的灵感来自于《放射性童子军》，在这部小说中，一个孩子试图建造一个核反应堆，但失败了)”可知，一本故事书激发了Taylor Wilson对他的发明的兴趣。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据Daniel Burd中“Plastic usually takes thousands of years to decompose, but this high school student Daniel Burd managed to do it in three months. (塑料通常需要数千年的时间才能分解，但这位高中生丹尼尔·伯德在三个月内成功地做到了这一点)”和“His solution only produces water and small amounts of carbon dioxide. (他的溶液只产生水和少量的二氧化碳)”可知，Daniel Burd的发明能在三个月内分解塑料，且只产生水和少量的二氧化碳，他的发明是环保的。故选C。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者不爱整洁，而室友却非常有条理，在和室友吵了一次架后作者学会了让步。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!”(很快，我听到她尖叫:“把你的鞋子拿开！为什么在我的床底下!”)”可知，凯特在床下看到了作者的鞋子让她生气了，故选D。
5. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly climbed up the bed into her covers, sobbing. Clearly, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart. (从她的谈话中，我立刻就知道她奶奶病得很重。挂断电话后，她迅速爬上被窝，抽泣着。显然，这是她不应该独自经历的事情。突然，一种温暖的同情之情在我心中升起。)”及第四段的“Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. (慢慢地，我收好了铅笔，拿回了书，整理了我的床，擦了袜子，扫了地板，甚至在她旁边。)”可知，作者整理房间很可能是因为她想表达她对凯特的关心，故选C。
6. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. (我从来都不是很爱整洁，而我的室友凯特却非常有条理。她的每件东西都有它的位置，但我的总是藏在某个地方。她甚至给所有东西都贴上了标签。我总是在寻找一切。随着时间的推移，凯特变得更整洁，而我变得更乱。)”可知，第一段主要讲的是作者和凯特之间在收拾房间方面的差异，因此第一段主要是通过显示差异展开的。故选B。
7. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on. (那一年剩下的时间，凯特和我一直是室友。我们并不总是意见一致，但我们学会了生活在一起的关键:让步、打扫卫生和坚持下去。)”可知，作者通过讲述作者和凯特之间从在收拾房间方面差异很大到作者做出让步，学会收拾房间来说明我们要通过让步、打扫卫生和坚持下去来学会做个好室友，因此D选项“Learning to Be Roommates(学习做室友)”是最好的题目，故选D。
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道的是女孩顾慧静在东莞市的一场汽车维修比赛中获得了一等奖。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“It was at primary school that Gu Huijing first became interested in cars after watching some car-themed movies. Born in 2004 in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, Gu decided to major in automobiles (汽车) when she was in junior high. （在上小学的时候，顾慧静看了一些以汽车为主题的电影后，第一次对汽车产生了兴趣。谷女士2004年出生于广东省深圳市，初中时她决定主修汽车专业。）”可知，对汽车的热爱是顾女士选择汽车专业的原因之一，故选A。
9. 推理判断题。根据第五段的“Her teacher once tried to persuade her to give up as she was a sophomore, and wasn't as knowledgeable as the seniors, and no women had ever been selected for the competition before. （她的老师曾经试图说服她放弃，因为她是一个大二学生，没有大四学生那么博学，而且以前从来没有女性被选中参加比赛。 ）”可知，老师认为她不大可能赢得这场比赛，所以劝她退出比赛，故选C。
10. 推理判断题。根据第五段的““But I insisted that I would carry on, ” she said. Finally, her training and hard work won her the only place to stand for her school at the competition. （“但我坚持要坚持下去，”她说。最后，她的训练和努力为她赢得了学校在比赛中唯一的一席之地。）”可推知，顾慧静是有决心的和努力的，故选B。
11. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段的“In April, she won first prize at a competition for vehicle maintenance (车辆维修) in Dongguan city, which drew 33 teams from different cities across the province. （今年4月，她在东莞市的一场汽车维修比赛中获得了一等奖，该比赛吸引了来自全省不同城市的33支队伍。 ）”可知，本文主要报道的是女孩顾慧静在东莞市的一场汽车维修比赛中获得了一等奖，因此本文最好的题目是B选项Teenage Girl Wins Car Repair Contest（十几岁的女孩赢得了汽车修理比赛），故选B。
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者和儿子去伦敦唐人街购物的经历。
12. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The first thing I did was to go to one of the Chinese green grocers’ shops. (我做的第一件事就是去了一家中国的绿色食品杂货店。)”可知，作者和儿子一开始去了一家杂货店，故选A。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“While people are loading and unloading their goods, most of them have their cars and trucks parked in the middle of the road. This causes great trouble for other drivers. (当人们装卸货物时，他们中的大多数人将汽车和卡车停在路中间。这给其他司机带来了很大的麻烦。)”可知，当人们装卸货物时，司机们将交通工具停在路中间，导致唐人街的交通状况不是很好，故选D。
14. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“And for me, I certainly don’t mind going back there again soon. (对我来说，我当然不介意很快再回到那里。)”可知，作者不介意很快再次回到唐人街，故推知作者不久将再次来到唐人街。故选C。
15. 细节理解题。根据第三段“After we had done all our shopping, my son and I went to a restaurant for lunch. (我们逛完所有东西后，我和儿子去一家餐馆吃午饭。)”可知，当天，作者购物之后去吃了午饭，故选B。
第二部分 七选五
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. E 19. F 20. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。如何使自己成为朋友中的“万人迷”呢？本文就此介绍了几种方法。
16. 根据前文“The people they meet feel important and special, so they return the favor by wanting to be their friends”（ 他们遇到的人觉得自己很重要，很特别，所以他们也想成为他们的朋友）可知，接下来要描述的是通过什么方法可以成为朋友。选项C. “It’s a great skill and here’s how to develop it. ”（这是一项伟大的技能，下面是如何发展它），符合题意，故选C。
17. 根据前文“In a conversation, ask people about things they are interested in or their opinions on something”（向人们询问他们感兴趣的事情或者他们对某事的看法。）可知，设空处描述了解了人们的看法或感兴趣的事情之后，可以对此进行评论。选项A. “Then, comment on them. ”（然后，评论它们。）与文意相符，且引出下文 If you land on a topic that someone is excited about, bingo!如果你提到了一个有人感兴趣的话题，那就更好了!故选A。
18. 根据前文“Watch your body language”（注意你的肢体语言），可知，接下来可以描述肢体语言的重要性。选项E. “Your body sends messages as surely as your mouth does. ”（你的身体就像你的嘴一样发出信息），此处body与前文的body language相呼应，符合题意。故选E。
19. 根据设空处所在位置，可知其为本段的中心句。结合第二、三段的首句句式，中心句都用了祈使句的句式。结合选项，选项F和选项G都为祈使句；根据下文“Is it hard to picture yourself walking down the hall handing out praise to everyone? (“Nice jacket, Principal D!” “Love the jeans, Popular girl!”)（ 你很难想象自己走在大厅里，对每个人都给予表扬吗？（“D校长，夹克不错! ”“牛仔裤不错，受欢迎的女孩! ”））据此可知，要对别人说些赞美之词所以空白处应填“要说真实的事情”。选项F. “Say kind and true things. ”（说一些善意和真实的事情）符合题意，故选 F。
20. 根据下文“Your poem is really good. I especially like that line about . . . ” ”（你的诗写得真好。我特别喜欢这句话. . . . . . ），可知, 这种赞美之词非常具体，这样才能表示你很真诚。所以设空处要描述的是要明确说明你喜欢的东西。选项B. “Just be specific（具体）about what you like. ”（具体说说你喜欢什么）符合题意。故选B。
第三部分 完形填空
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了美国人把时间看作金钱的理论及守时、惜时的具体事例，值得我们借鉴。
21. 考查动词。句意：时间是像钱一样能被节省、浪费或花费的东西吗？A. bought买；B. ignored忽视；C. spent花费；D. killed杀死。这里与save和 waste并列。故选C。
22. 考查固定短语。句意：它还是像我们不能支配的东西，比如天气？control over控制，支配。故选A。
23. 考查副词。句意：无论你去哪里一分钟都是60秒，一小时都是60分钟。A. However无论如何；B. Whenever无论何时；C. Whatever 无论什么；D. Wherever无论何地。此处指时间在哪都是一样的，故选D。
24. 考查固定短语。句意：但在美国，时间比这更重要。A. less than少于； B. no more than只是，仅仅；C. not more than不超过，至多；D. more than超过，多于。此处指在美国，时间的意义并不仅仅如此，远远超过这些。故选D。
25. 考查名词。句意：美国人视时间为一种宝贵的资源。A. resource资源；B. material材料；C. source来源；D. factor因素。故选A。
26. 考查形容词。句意：或许这就是他们喜欢“时间就是金钱”这句话的原因。A. short短的；B. fond喜欢的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. enthusiastic热情的。此处是短语be fond of喜欢，故选B。
27. 考查名词。句意：对美国人来说，守时是一种尊重他人时间的表现。A. preference偏爱；B. mercy仁慈；C. respect尊敬；D. hatred憎恨。此处指对美国人来说，守时是尊敬别人时间的一种方式。根据句意及下文的people respect可知，故选C。
28. 考查固定短语。句意：约会迟到超过10分钟通常需要道歉，也许还需要一个解释。A. calls for要求，提倡；B. arises from起因于；C. makes for导致，有助于；D. results from起因于，由……造成；此处指约会时迟到超过10分钟通常需要道歉，或作出解释。故选A。
29. 考查关系代词。句意：迟到的人经常提前打电话，让别人知道自己迟到了。句中包含定语从句，先行词是People指人，在定语从句中做主语，故用关系代词who，指那些来晚的人应该提前告知，故选C。
30. 考查名词。句意：迟到的人经常提前打电话，让别人知道自己迟到了。A. time时间；B. result结果；C. explanation解释；D. delay耽搁。此处指提前打电话让别人知道你的耽搁，与前面的running late呼应。根据句意选D。
31. 考查固定短语。句意：当然，场合愈不正式，精确准时的重要性就愈小。A. in time及时；B. on time按时；C. ahead of time提前；D. over time随时间推移。情况越不正式，按时就不那么重要，即越正式地场合就越应该准时。故选B。
32. 考查短语。句意：例如，在非正式的聚会中，人们通常会在约定时间过后30分钟才到。A. such as比如； B. in a word总之；C. for example例如；D. as usual像往常一样。例如在非正式的朋友聚会时，有时会比约定时间晚30分钟，但他们工作时不是这样的。此处举了一个例子，故选C。
33. 考查形容词。句意：例如，在非正式的聚会中，人们通常会在约定时间过后30分钟才到。A. assigned指定的；B. appointed约定的； C. approved被认可的；D. assessed评估的。此处指比约定时间晚30分钟，故选B。
34. 考查短语。句意：美国人的生活方式显示出人们多么尊重他人的时间。A. how many多少，修饰可数名词复数；B. how far多么远；C. how much多少，修饰不可数名词；D. how soon多久。此处修饰respect是不可数名词，故选C。
35. 考查动词。句意：当人们计划一项活动时，他们通常会提前几天或几周设定时间。A. set安排；B. prepare准备；C. use 使用；D. quit离开，停止。此处指当人们计划一件事时，总是提前几天或几周就安排时间。根据句意选A。
36. 考查名词。句意：此处指一旦时间被确定，除非紧急情况才改变。A. emergency紧急情况；B. pleasure愉快；C. period期间；D. emotion情感。根据句意选A。
37. 考查动词。句意：如果有人想来你家拜访，他们通常会先打电话询问是否方便。A. write写； B. claim声称，要求；C. inform通知，告诉；D. call打电话。此处指提前打电话，根据常识也可知，故选D。
38. 考查动词短语。句意：只有非常亲密的朋友才会不请自来。A. drop out退出，脱离；B. drop by顺便访问；C. drop off减少，下降；D. drop behind后退，落后。此处指只有非常亲密的朋友才不提前通知就来顺便来访。根据句意和常识可知选B。
39. 考查动词。句意：此外，人们不愿在深夜给别人打电话，担心他们可能已经上床睡觉了。A. must必须；B. might可能；C. need需要； D. shall应，会。此处指晚上打电话时人们总会犹豫，害怕对方可能已经睡觉。表示推测选B。
40. 考查副词。句意：但大多数人在晚上10点以后打电话时都会三思而后行。A. first首先；B. last最后；C. once一次，曾经；D. twice两次，两倍。此处指10:00以后打电话，人们会考虑再三。think twice再三考虑，故选D。
【点睛】完型填空题的命题特点及答题方法：
1. 侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力
完型填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句子结构、掌握语法规则的能力，其中考查实词居多。
2. 上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力
解完型填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。如第47小题考查名词。A. preference偏爱；B. mercy仁慈；C. respect尊敬；D. hatred憎恨。此处指对美国人来说，守时是尊敬别人时间的一种方式。根据句意及下文的people respect可知选C.
3. 设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力
旨在考查学生在选项都符合语法及句子结构的情况下能否利用前后语境去推断出正确答案。如第48小题考查固定短语。A. calls for要求，提倡；B. arises from起因于；C. makes for导致，有助于；D. results from起因于，由……造成；此处指约会时迟到超过10分钟通常需要道歉，或作出解释。故选A.
4. 结合生活，考查学生利用常识题的能力
目的考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。如第57小题考查动词。A. write写；B. claim声称，要求；C. inform通知，告诉；D. call打电话。如果有人想来你家拜访，他们通常会先打电话询问是否方便。此处指提前打电话，根据常识也可知，故选D. 第58小题考查动词短语。A. drop out退出，脱离；B. drop by顺便访问；C. drop off减少，下降；D. drop behind后退，落后。此处指只有非常亲密的朋友才不提前通知就来顺便来访。根据句意和常识可知选B.
5. 关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力
此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况想，通过阅读能否理解句子的与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。
第四部分 语法填空
【答案】41. centuries
42. helps 43. worse
44. a 45. especially
46. who/that
47. does 48. eating
49. Besides/Moreover
50. them
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了一些与食物是否健康相关说法的真伪，鸡汤确实有助于对抗感冒，不吃肉是不健康的，茶比咖啡更健康，面包和土豆不含脂肪，但是其添加物如黄油会增加变胖的几率。
41. 考查名词复数。句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直相信鸡汤有助于对抗感冒。century是可数名词，此处应用复数形式，for centuries几个世纪以来，固定用法。故填centuries。
42. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直相信鸡汤有助于对抗感冒。“鸡汤有助于对抗感冒”是描述一个人们相信的事实，应用一般现在时，主语chicken soup是不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填helps。
43. 考查形容词比较级。句意：他们认为鸡汤含有能阻止感冒恶化的物质。结合句意可知，此处指“鸡汤能阻止感冒变得更加糟糕”，应用形容词比较级，故填worse。
44. 考查不定冠词。句意：汤的热量也可以让一个人感觉更好。person是可数名词，此处泛指“一个人能，应用不定冠词。故填a。
45. 考查副词。句意：肉类，尤其是红肉，确实含有人体所需的蛋白质。此处作状语，应用副词形式。故填especially。
46. 考查定语从句。句意：不吃肉的人可以通过吃豆腐、鸡蛋和一些蔬菜获得足够的蛋白质，保持健康。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是A person，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导。故填who/that。
47. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：咖啡不会这样。句子是描述一个一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语Coffee是不可数名词，故此处用助动词的第三人称单数形式does。故填does。
48. 考查动名词。句意：但是吃得太多和不锻炼会使人发胖。空处作主语，应用动名词形式，故填eating。
49. 考查副词。句意：此外，添加黄油之类的东西会增加发胖的几率。结合句意可知，此处与上文是递进关系，应用副词besides或moreover，表示“此外，而且”置于句首，首字母大写。故填Besides/Moreover。
50. 考查人称代词的宾格。 句意：此外，添加黄油之类的东西会增加发胖的几率。空处作介词to的宾语，应用宾格形式。故填them。
第五部分 短文改错
【答案】
1. receive→received 2. 删除them 3. friend→friends 4. happily→happy
5. the→a 6. interested→interesting 7. much→many 8. 在got后加to
9. important→importance 10. which→whose
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者收到来自爱尔兰朋友的信，让作者意识到交异国朋友的重要性和乐趣。
1. 考查时态。句意：昨天，我收到一封来自西班牙朋友的信，这封信唤起了我在爱尔兰学习的记忆。根据Yesterday可知，时态应是一般过去时，谓语动词变过去式，故将receive改为received。
2. 考查代词。句意：她谈起我在爱尔兰遇到的其他人。根据句子结构可知，I met in Ireland作定语，修饰some of the other people，且some of the other people作met的宾语，故将them删除。
3. 考查名词的数。句意：她也说起我其他的两个朋友将从意大利给我写信。根据句意及two of my other可知，此处表示“我其他的两个朋友”，可数名词friend应变复数，故将friend改为friends。
4. 考查形容词。句意：我感到开心和幸运，因为我在爱尔兰交到了许多好朋友。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用形容词happy，作felt的表语，故将happily改为happy。
5. 考查冠词及短语。句意：我感到开心和幸运，因我在爱尔兰交到了许多好朋友。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“许多”，故用短语a lot of，故将the改为a。
6. 考查形容词。句意：对我来说，结识这么多来自不同国家的人真地太有趣了。分析句子结构，此句是It作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to meet people from so many different countries，事情作主语，故用interesting，表示“……是有趣的”，故将interested改为interesting。
7. 考查限定词。句意：对我来说，结识这么多来自不同国家的人真地太有趣了。根据countries及句子结构可知，此处应用many修饰可数名词复数，故将much改为many。
8. 考查不定式。句意：我认为我们不仅提高了英语水平，还逐渐结识了来自世界各地的人们，这非常重要。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语get to do sth. 表示“开始，逐渐做某事”，故在got后加to。
9. 考查名词。句意：我认为我们不仅提高了英语水平，还逐渐结识了来自世界各地的人们，这非常重要。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语be of great importance，表示“极其重要的”，故将important改为importance。
10. 考查定语从句引导词。句意：我永远不会忘记这段经历，它对我的影响是终生的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，引导词在从句中作定语，修饰influence，故将which改为whose。
第六部分 书面表达
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
Thank you for taking your time to read my letter. With the coming of the Winter Olympics, I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer. Now I would like to introduce myself.
First of all, I am warmhearted and always ready to help others in need. As a result, the friends around me all think highly of me. What’s more, I have a good command of English, which allows me to communicate with people from foreign countries without any difficulty. At the same time, I am an easygoing boy and I am sure I can get along well with everyone and make good friends with the athletes. If I could be accepted, I promise I will value the chance and become a qualified volunteer.
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本文为应用文中的书信作文。写信申请成为一名冬奥会的志愿者并介绍自己的实际情况。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
擅长：be good at→have a good command of
交流：talk→communicate
很容易地：easily→without any difficulty
称赞：praise→think highly of
2. 句式拓展
简单句合并复合句
原句：I am warmhearted and always ready to help others in need. As a result, the friends around me all think highly of me.
拓展句：I am warmhearted and always ready to help others in need，because of which, the friends around me all think highly of me.
【点睛】1. With the coming of the Winter Olympics, I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer. （with结构使用。）
2. What’s more, I have a good command of English, which allows me to communicate with people from foreign countries without any difficulty. （非限制性定语从句的使用。）
3. If I could be accepted, I promise I will value the chance and become a qualified volunteer. （条件状语从句和宾语从句的使用。）
第一部分 阅读理解
A
Amazing Scientists Who happen to Be Teenagers
We've got a list of teen scientists from a variety of fields.
Jack Andraka
Jack Andraka created a bio-sensor for cancer that he says is 168 times faster, 26, 667 times less expensive and 400 times more sensitive than technology nowadays. He is the youngest person to have spoken in front of the Royal Society of Medicine.
Taylor Wilson
Taylor Wilson was the youngest person to achieve nuclear fusion. He was inspired by The Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a kid tries and fails to build a nuclear reactor.
Taylor thought he could do better. Long story short, he wanted to build a mall nuclear reactor. And he did it at the age of fourteen. He received a Thiel Fellowship, which gave him $100, 000 to work on his own research.
Sara Volz
Sara Volz performed experiments in which she grew algae based on their oil output for the purpose of growing them as biofuel. This research is especially important as the world continues to search for a way to lessen our dependence on non-renewable energy. She won the top prize of $100, 000 in the Intel Science Talent Search.
Daniel Burd
Plastic usually takes thousands of years to decompose, but this high school student Daniel Burd managed to do it in three months.
In an experiment, he mixed plastic bags and a special kind of dirt together, and found that they did decompose faster. He then performed tests to find the bacteria responsible for decomposing the plastics.
His solution only produces water and small amounts of carbon dioxide. He says it could easily be used elsewhere.
1. Who designed a medical instrument?
A. Jack Andraka. B. Taylor Wilson. C. Sara Volz. D. Daniel Burd.
2. What excited Taylor Wilson's interest in his invention?
A. Plastic pollution. B. A story book. C. Energy shortage. D. A prize of $100, 000.
3. What can we know about Daniel Burd's invention?
A. It was completed in three months. B. It won him a prize of $100, 000.
C. It is environmentally friendly. D. It is widely used in everyday waste.
B
I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled(贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, "Take your shoes away! Why under my bed! " Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute if it had not been for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly climbed up the bed into her covers, sobbing. Clearly, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy(同情) rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to catch mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, "Thanks. "
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
4. What made Kate angry one evening?
A. She couldn't find her books.
B. She heard the author shouting loudly.
C. She got the news that her grandma was ill.
D. She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.
5. The author tidied up the room most probably because ________.
A. she was scared by Kate's anger
B. she hated herself for being so messy
C. she wanted to show her care
D. she was requested by Kate to do so
6. How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?
A. By explaining causes.
B. By showing differences.
C. By describing a process.
D. By following time order.
7. What might be the best title for the story?
A. My Friend Kate B. Hard Work Pays Off
C. How to Be Organized D. Learning to Be Roommates
C
When girls play with cars, they're serious. It was at primary school that Gu Huijing first became interested in cars after watching some car-themed movies. Born in 2004 in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, Gu decided to major in automobiles(汽车) when she was in junior high.
She's driven by interest, but she is also a realist. "I think the future of the automobile industry is bright because we cannot live without food, clothes, houses and cars, " she said.
In April, she won first prize at a competition for vehicle maintenance(车辆维修) in Dongguan city, which drew 33 teams from different cities across the province.
"I thought it couldn't be that hard to repair cars when I started to take courses, but I was totally wrong, " Gu said. When she started learning in 2019, she was frequently confused by various problems. "And competition within our school is intense, so I had to work extra hard, " she said.
Her teacher once tried to persuade her to give up as she was a sophomore(大二学生) , and wasn't as knowledgeable as the seniors, and no women had ever been selected for the competition before. "But I insisted that I would carry on, " she said. Finally, her training and hard work won her the only place to stand for her school at the competition.
A woman winning first prize in a vehicle maintenance competition became a hot topic on-line, causing heated discussions over gender(性别) and career choices. "Women should not be influenced by old-fashioned thinking, and should do whatever it takes to discover their interests and strengths. There are more possibilities out there, " one netizen wrote.
Gu said, "Many people think vehicle maintenance is a job for men. That's wrong. I don't think gender has anything to do with choice of jobs. " "I have a goal and I will work harder to make it happen, " she added. "I will be responsible for my choices. "
8. What was a cause of Gu's choosing automobiles as her major?
A. The love for automobiles.
B. The guidance from her parents.
C. The high popularity of automobiles.
D. The determination to contribute to society.
9. Why did Gu's teacher advise her to quit the competition?
A. She lacked the knowledge related to it.
B. She had never taken part in a competition before.
C. She was unlikely to win the competition.
D. Women were not allowed to enter the competition.
10. Which of the following best describes Gu Huijing?
A. Creative and caring. B. Determined and hard-working.
C. Independent and humorous. D. Honest and courageous.
11. What would be the best title for the text?
A. There Is No End To Learning
B. Teenage Girl Wins Car Repair Contest
C. Vehicle Maintenance Catches On
D. Taking Challenge Leads To Success
D
I went to the Chinatown market in London last Sunday. The first thing I did was to go to one of the Chinese green grocers' shops. As soon as I entered the shop. I smelt mixtures of Chinese spices and saw the new season's fruits. My son wanted a bag of sweets, so we walked into the shop next door which sells many kinds of candy.
There is a lot of noise in the Chinatown market and you will see many tourists, too. There are a lot of cars and trucks that never stop beeping(按喇叭) . While people are loading and unloading their goods, most of them have their cars and trucks parked in the middle of the road. This causes great trouble for other drivers. Can you imagine that?
After we had done all our shopping, my son and I went to a restaurant for lunch. We enjoyed our meal very much. But the shopping made us both very tired in the end. We headed down the road to catch our bus home. My son and I enjoyed riding in the bus. We also enjoyed looking at different buildings and people walking by dressed in fancy outfits(服装) . Although Chinatown can be a busy place to shop in, I do enjoy going there now and then. I can buy some of my necessities, and I can also look and browse(浏览) around the other shops and department stores where I can indulge(使沉迷) myself with some nice things. Chinatown is located in the heart of central London, where you can find tons of shop and other places to amuse you. And for me, I certainly don't mind going back there again soon.
12. What place did the author and her son enter at first?
A. A grocery store. B. A garage.
C. A clothing shop. D. A restaurant.
13. Why are the traffic conditions in Chinatown not very good?
A. Because the road to the Chinatown is too narrow.
B. Because the road to the Chinatown market is being repaired.
C. Because many people are loading and unloading their goods.
D. Because most drivers stop their vehicles in the middle of the road.
14. What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?
A. The writer likes Chinatown because it's near.
B. The writer is not willing to spend much time at the Chinatown market
C. The writer will come to Chinatown again before long.
D. The writer doesn't have a good impression on Chinatown.
15. The passage tells us that that day the author ________.
A. drove her car home B. had lunch after shopping
C. bought a satisfying dress D. watched some performances with her
第二部分 七选五
Be the friend everyone wants
Some people seem to have a special talent for making friends. Being with them, you feel like you're the most interesting person in the world. How do these "friend magnets(磁铁) " do it? It's simple: they're truly interested in people. The people they meet feel important and special, so they return the favor by wanting to be their friends! _16_
Ask questions and listen to the answers. Have you ever been in a conversation with someone and thought, "Wow, that person is really interested in what I have to say! " Chances are that he was asking you questions and truly listening to your answers. In a conversation, ask people about things they are interested in or their opinions on something. _17_ If you land on a topic that someone is excited about, bingo!
Watch your body language. _18_ If you are interested in what someone has to say, you'll most likely smile encouragingly, and meet her eyes. Otherwise, you'll probably stare into space or tap your foot.
_19_ Is it hard to picture yourself walking down the hall handing out praise to everyone? (Nice jacket, Principal D! " "Love the jeans, Popular girl! ") Of course it is—you'd feel more fake than a three-dollar bill! But no doubt there are little things you notice and admire about the people around you. _20_ "Your poem is really good. I especially like that line about. . . " As long as you are sincere, you can't go wrong.
A. Then, comment on them.
B. Just be specific(具体) about what you like.
C. It's a great skill and here's how to develop it.
D. They'll want to be around you—it's as simple as that.
E. Your body sends messages as surely as your mouth does.
F. Say kind and true things.
G. Remember what's important to people.
第三部分 完形填空
What is time? Is it a thing to be saved or _21_ or wasted, like money? Or is it something we have no control _22_, like the weather? Is time the same all over the world? That's an easy question, you say. _23_ you go, a minute is 60 seconds, an hour is 60 minutes, a day is 24 hours, and so forth. Well, maybe. But in America, time is _24_ that. Americans see time as a valuable _25_. Maybe that's why they are _26_ of the expression, "Time is money. "
To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing _27_ for other people's time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually _28_ an apology, and maybe an explanation. People _29_ are running late often call ahead to let others know of the _30_. Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be exactly _31_. At informal get-togethers, _32_, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the _33_ time. But they usually don't try that at work.
American lifestyles show _34_ people respect the time of others. When people plan an event, they often _35_ the time days or weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed, it takes almost a(n) _36_ to change it. If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually _37_ first to make sure it is convenient. Only very close friends will just _38_ unannounced. Also, people hesitate to call others late at night for fear they _39_ be in bed. The time may vary, but most folks think _40_ about calling after 10:00 p. m.
21. A. bought B. ignored C. spent D. killed
22. A. over B. in C. with D. for
23. A. However B. Whenever C. Whatever D. Wherever
24. A. less than B. no more than C. not more than D. more than
25. A. resource B. material C. source D. factor
26. A. short B. fond C. crazy D. enthusiastic
27. A. preference B. mercy C. respect D. hatred
28. A. calls for B. arises from C. makes for D. results from
29. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
30. A. time B. result C. explanation D. delay
31. A. in time B. on time C. ahead of time D. over time
32. A. such as B. in a word C. for example D. as usual
33. A. assigned B. appointed C. approved D. assessed
34. A. how many B. how far C. how much D. how soon
35. A. set B. prepare C. use D. quit
36. A. emergency B. pleasure C. period D. emotion
37. A. write B. claim C. inform D. call
38. A. drop out B. drop by C. drop off D. drop behind
39. A. must B. might C. need D. shall
40. A. first B. last C. once D. twice
第四部分 语法填空
For _41_ (century) , people have believed that chicken soup _42_ (help) to fight a cold. Now, doctors say it may be true. They think that chicken soup has something that stops a cold from getting _43_ (bad) . Heat from the soup can also make _44_ person feel better.
Many people think that it is unhealthy not to have meat. It is true that meat, _45_ (especial) red meat, has protein that the body needs. A person _46_ doesn't eat meat can get enough protein and be healthy by eating tofu, eggs, and some vegetables. A study shows that tea is better than coffee. Tea has something that can protect your heart, fight cancer, and make you less fat. Coffee _47_ (do) not do this.
Many people believe that bread and potatoes can easily make people fat. In fact, bread and potatoes do not have fat in them. But _48_ (eat) too much and not exercising can make people fat. _49_, adding things like butter to _50_ (they) can raise the chance of becoming fat.
第五部分 短文改错
Last year, I studied in Ireland and made many friends from different countries. Yesterday, I receive a letter from a Spanish friend, which brought back my memories of studying in Ireland. She told me about some of the other people I met them in Ireland. She also said that two of my other friend would write to me from Italy. I felt happily and lucky because I made the lot of good friends when I was in Ireland. It was really interested for me to meet people from so much different countries. I think that we not only improved our English, but also got know people from all over the world and this is of great important. I will never forget this experience which influence on me is for life.
第六部分 书面表达
北京获得了2022年冬奥会举办权。假如你是李华，你想申请成为2022年冬奥会志愿者。请根据以下你的情况介绍，写一封想成为一名志愿者的申请信。
1. 乐于助人 2. 英语流利 3. 善于交际
要求：80词左右，开头和结尾已经给出。
参考词汇：冬奥会the Winter Olympics
Dear Sir/Madam,
Thank you for taking your time to read my letter.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
####################################################################################################
第一部分阅读理解
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位青少年科学家以及他们的发明。
1. 细节理解题。根据Jack Andraka中“Jack Andraka created a bio-sensor for cancer that he says is 168 times faster, 26, 667 times less expensive and 400 times more sensitive than technology nowadays. (Jack Andraka发明了一种癌症生物传感器，他说这种传感器比现在的技术快168倍，便宜26667倍，灵敏400倍)”可知，Jack Andraka设计了医疗器械。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据Taylor Wilson部分中“Taylor Wilson was the youngest person to achieve nuclear fusion. He was inspired by The Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a kid tries and fails to build a nuclear reactor. (Taylor Wilson是实现核聚变的最年轻的人。他的灵感来自于《放射性童子军》，在这部小说中，一个孩子试图建造一个核反应堆，但失败了)”可知，一本故事书激发了Taylor Wilson对他的发明的兴趣。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据Daniel Burd中“Plastic usually takes thousands of years to decompose, but this high school student Daniel Burd managed to do it in three months. (塑料通常需要数千年的时间才能分解，但这位高中生丹尼尔·伯德在三个月内成功地做到了这一点)”和“His solution only produces water and small amounts of carbon dioxide. (他的溶液只产生水和少量的二氧化碳)”可知，Daniel Burd的发明能在三个月内分解塑料，且只产生水和少量的二氧化碳，他的发明是环保的。故选C。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者不爱整洁，而室友却非常有条理，在和室友吵了一次架后作者学会了让步。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!”(很快，我听到她尖叫:“把你的鞋子拿开！为什么在我的床底下!”)”可知，凯特在床下看到了作者的鞋子让她生气了，故选D。
5. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly climbed up the bed into her covers, sobbing. Clearly, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart. (从她的谈话中，我立刻就知道她奶奶病得很重。挂断电话后，她迅速爬上被窝，抽泣着。显然，这是她不应该独自经历的事情。突然，一种温暖的同情之情在我心中升起。)”及第四段的“Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. (慢慢地，我收好了铅笔，拿回了书，整理了我的床，擦了袜子，扫了地板，甚至在她旁边。)”可知，作者整理房间很可能是因为她想表达她对凯特的关心，故选C。
6. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. (我从来都不是很爱整洁，而我的室友凯特却非常有条理。她的每件东西都有它的位置，但我的总是藏在某个地方。她甚至给所有东西都贴上了标签。我总是在寻找一切。随着时间的推移，凯特变得更整洁，而我变得更乱。)”可知，第一段主要讲的是作者和凯特之间在收拾房间方面的差异，因此第一段主要是通过显示差异展开的。故选B。
7. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on. (那一年剩下的时间，凯特和我一直是室友。我们并不总是意见一致，但我们学会了生活在一起的关键:让步、打扫卫生和坚持下去。)”可知，作者通过讲述作者和凯特之间从在收拾房间方面差异很大到作者做出让步，学会收拾房间来说明我们要通过让步、打扫卫生和坚持下去来学会做个好室友，因此D选项“Learning to Be Roommates(学习做室友)”是最好的题目，故选D。
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道的是女孩顾慧静在东莞市的一场汽车维修比赛中获得了一等奖。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“It was at primary school that Gu Huijing first became interested in cars after watching some car-themed movies. Born in 2004 in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, Gu decided to major in automobiles (汽车) when she was in junior high. （在上小学的时候，顾慧静看了一些以汽车为主题的电影后，第一次对汽车产生了兴趣。谷女士2004年出生于广东省深圳市，初中时她决定主修汽车专业。）”可知，对汽车的热爱是顾女士选择汽车专业的原因之一，故选A。
9. 推理判断题。根据第五段的“Her teacher once tried to persuade her to give up as she was a sophomore, and wasn't as knowledgeable as the seniors, and no women had ever been selected for the competition before. （她的老师曾经试图说服她放弃，因为她是一个大二学生，没有大四学生那么博学，而且以前从来没有女性被选中参加比赛。 ）”可知，老师认为她不大可能赢得这场比赛，所以劝她退出比赛，故选C。
10. 推理判断题。根据第五段的““But I insisted that I would carry on, ” she said. Finally, her training and hard work won her the only place to stand for her school at the competition. （“但我坚持要坚持下去，”她说。最后，她的训练和努力为她赢得了学校在比赛中唯一的一席之地。）”可推知，顾慧静是有决心的和努力的，故选B。
11. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段的“In April, she won first prize at a competition for vehicle maintenance (车辆维修) in Dongguan city, which drew 33 teams from different cities across the province. （今年4月，她在东莞市的一场汽车维修比赛中获得了一等奖，该比赛吸引了来自全省不同城市的33支队伍。 ）”可知，本文主要报道的是女孩顾慧静在东莞市的一场汽车维修比赛中获得了一等奖，因此本文最好的题目是B选项Teenage Girl Wins Car Repair Contest（十几岁的女孩赢得了汽车修理比赛），故选B。
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者和儿子去伦敦唐人街购物的经历。
12. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The first thing I did was to go to one of the Chinese green grocers’ shops. (我做的第一件事就是去了一家中国的绿色食品杂货店。)”可知，作者和儿子一开始去了一家杂货店，故选A。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“While people are loading and unloading their goods, most of them have their cars and trucks parked in the middle of the road. This causes great trouble for other drivers. (当人们装卸货物时，他们中的大多数人将汽车和卡车停在路中间。这给其他司机带来了很大的麻烦。)”可知，当人们装卸货物时，司机们将交通工具停在路中间，导致唐人街的交通状况不是很好，故选D。
14. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“And for me, I certainly don’t mind going back there again soon. (对我来说，我当然不介意很快再回到那里。)”可知，作者不介意很快再次回到唐人街，故推知作者不久将再次来到唐人街。故选C。
15. 细节理解题。根据第三段“After we had done all our shopping, my son and I went to a restaurant for lunch. (我们逛完所有东西后，我和儿子去一家餐馆吃午饭。)”可知，当天，作者购物之后去吃了午饭，故选B。
第二部分 七选五
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. E 19. F 20. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。如何使自己成为朋友中的“万人迷”呢？本文就此介绍了几种方法。
16. 根据前文“The people they meet feel important and special, so they return the favor by wanting to be their friends”（ 他们遇到的人觉得自己很重要，很特别，所以他们也想成为他们的朋友）可知，接下来要描述的是通过什么方法可以成为朋友。选项C. “It’s a great skill and here’s how to develop it. ”（这是一项伟大的技能，下面是如何发展它），符合题意，故选C。
17. 根据前文“In a conversation, ask people about things they are interested in or their opinions on something”（向人们询问他们感兴趣的事情或者他们对某事的看法。）可知，设空处描述了解了人们的看法或感兴趣的事情之后，可以对此进行评论。选项A. “Then, comment on them. ”（然后，评论它们。）与文意相符，且引出下文 If you land on a topic that someone is excited about, bingo!如果你提到了一个有人感兴趣的话题，那就更好了!故选A。
18. 根据前文“Watch your body language”（注意你的肢体语言），可知，接下来可以描述肢体语言的重要性。选项E. “Your body sends messages as surely as your mouth does. ”（你的身体就像你的嘴一样发出信息），此处body与前文的body language相呼应，符合题意。故选E。
19. 根据设空处所在位置，可知其为本段的中心句。结合第二、三段的首句句式，中心句都用了祈使句的句式。结合选项，选项F和选项G都为祈使句；根据下文“Is it hard to picture yourself walking down the hall handing out praise to everyone? (“Nice jacket, Principal D!” “Love the jeans, Popular girl!”)（ 你很难想象自己走在大厅里，对每个人都给予表扬吗？（“D校长，夹克不错! ”“牛仔裤不错，受欢迎的女孩! ”））据此可知，要对别人说些赞美之词所以空白处应填“要说真实的事情”。选项F. “Say kind and true things. ”（说一些善意和真实的事情）符合题意，故选 F。
20. 根据下文“Your poem is really good. I especially like that line about . . . ” ”（你的诗写得真好。我特别喜欢这句话. . . . . . ），可知, 这种赞美之词非常具体，这样才能表示你很真诚。所以设空处要描述的是要明确说明你喜欢的东西。选项B. “Just be specific（具体）about what you like. ”（具体说说你喜欢什么）符合题意。故选B。
第三部分 完形填空
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了美国人把时间看作金钱的理论及守时、惜时的具体事例，值得我们借鉴。
21. 考查动词。句意：时间是像钱一样能被节省、浪费或花费的东西吗？A. bought买；B. ignored忽视；C. spent花费；D. killed杀死。这里与save和 waste并列。故选C。
22. 考查固定短语。句意：它还是像我们不能支配的东西，比如天气？control over控制，支配。故选A。
23. 考查副词。句意：无论你去哪里一分钟都是60秒，一小时都是60分钟。A. However无论如何；B. Whenever无论何时；C. Whatever 无论什么；D. Wherever无论何地。此处指时间在哪都是一样的，故选D。
24. 考查固定短语。句意：但在美国，时间比这更重要。A. less than少于； B. no more than只是，仅仅；C. not more than不超过，至多；D. more than超过，多于。此处指在美国，时间的意义并不仅仅如此，远远超过这些。故选D。
25. 考查名词。句意：美国人视时间为一种宝贵的资源。A. resource资源；B. material材料；C. source来源；D. factor因素。故选A。
26. 考查形容词。句意：或许这就是他们喜欢“时间就是金钱”这句话的原因。A. short短的；B. fond喜欢的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. enthusiastic热情的。此处是短语be fond of喜欢，故选B。
27. 考查名词。句意：对美国人来说，守时是一种尊重他人时间的表现。A. preference偏爱；B. mercy仁慈；C. respect尊敬；D. hatred憎恨。此处指对美国人来说，守时是尊敬别人时间的一种方式。根据句意及下文的people respect可知，故选C。
28. 考查固定短语。句意：约会迟到超过10分钟通常需要道歉，也许还需要一个解释。A. calls for要求，提倡；B. arises from起因于；C. makes for导致，有助于；D. results from起因于，由……造成；此处指约会时迟到超过10分钟通常需要道歉，或作出解释。故选A。
29. 考查关系代词。句意：迟到的人经常提前打电话，让别人知道自己迟到了。句中包含定语从句，先行词是People指人，在定语从句中做主语，故用关系代词who，指那些来晚的人应该提前告知，故选C。
30. 考查名词。句意：迟到的人经常提前打电话，让别人知道自己迟到了。A. time时间；B. result结果；C. explanation解释；D. delay耽搁。此处指提前打电话让别人知道你的耽搁，与前面的running late呼应。根据句意选D。
31. 考查固定短语。句意：当然，场合愈不正式，精确准时的重要性就愈小。A. in time及时；B. on time按时；C. ahead of time提前；D. over time随时间推移。情况越不正式，按时就不那么重要，即越正式地场合就越应该准时。故选B。
32. 考查短语。句意：例如，在非正式的聚会中，人们通常会在约定时间过后30分钟才到。A. such as比如； B. in a word总之；C. for example例如；D. as usual像往常一样。例如在非正式的朋友聚会时，有时会比约定时间晚30分钟，但他们工作时不是这样的。此处举了一个例子，故选C。
33. 考查形容词。句意：例如，在非正式的聚会中，人们通常会在约定时间过后30分钟才到。A. assigned指定的；B. appointed约定的； C. approved被认可的；D. assessed评估的。此处指比约定时间晚30分钟，故选B。
34. 考查短语。句意：美国人的生活方式显示出人们多么尊重他人的时间。A. how many多少，修饰可数名词复数；B. how far多么远；C. how much多少，修饰不可数名词；D. how soon多久。此处修饰respect是不可数名词，故选C。
35. 考查动词。句意：当人们计划一项活动时，他们通常会提前几天或几周设定时间。A. set安排；B. prepare准备；C. use 使用；D. quit离开，停止。此处指当人们计划一件事时，总是提前几天或几周就安排时间。根据句意选A。
36. 考查名词。句意：此处指一旦时间被确定，除非紧急情况才改变。A. emergency紧急情况；B. pleasure愉快；C. period期间；D. emotion情感。根据句意选A。
37. 考查动词。句意：如果有人想来你家拜访，他们通常会先打电话询问是否方便。A. write写； B. claim声称，要求；C. inform通知，告诉；D. call打电话。此处指提前打电话，根据常识也可知，故选D。
38. 考查动词短语。句意：只有非常亲密的朋友才会不请自来。A. drop out退出，脱离；B. drop by顺便访问；C. drop off减少，下降；D. drop behind后退，落后。此处指只有非常亲密的朋友才不提前通知就来顺便来访。根据句意和常识可知选B。
39. 考查动词。句意：此外，人们不愿在深夜给别人打电话，担心他们可能已经上床睡觉了。A. must必须；B. might可能；C. need需要； D. shall应，会。此处指晚上打电话时人们总会犹豫，害怕对方可能已经睡觉。表示推测选B。
40. 考查副词。句意：但大多数人在晚上10点以后打电话时都会三思而后行。A. first首先；B. last最后；C. once一次，曾经；D. twice两次，两倍。此处指10:00以后打电话，人们会考虑再三。think twice再三考虑，故选D。
【点睛】完型填空题的命题特点及答题方法：
1. 侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力
完型填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句子结构、掌握语法规则的能力，其中考查实词居多。
2. 上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力
解完型填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。如第47小题考查名词。A. preference偏爱；B. mercy仁慈；C. respect尊敬；D. hatred憎恨。此处指对美国人来说，守时是尊敬别人时间的一种方式。根据句意及下文的people respect可知选C.
3. 设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力
旨在考查学生在选项都符合语法及句子结构的情况下能否利用前后语境去推断出正确答案。如第48小题考查固定短语。A. calls for要求，提倡；B. arises from起因于；C. makes for导致，有助于；D. results from起因于，由……造成；此处指约会时迟到超过10分钟通常需要道歉，或作出解释。故选A.
4. 结合生活，考查学生利用常识题的能力
目的考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。如第57小题考查动词。A. write写；B. claim声称，要求；C. inform通知，告诉；D. call打电话。如果有人想来你家拜访，他们通常会先打电话询问是否方便。此处指提前打电话，根据常识也可知，故选D. 第58小题考查动词短语。A. drop out退出，脱离；B. drop by顺便访问；C. drop off减少，下降；D. drop behind后退，落后。此处指只有非常亲密的朋友才不提前通知就来顺便来访。根据句意和常识可知选B.
5. 关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力
此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况想，通过阅读能否理解句子的与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。
第四部分 语法填空
【答案】41. centuries
42. helps 43. worse
44. a 45. especially
46. who/that
47. does 48. eating
49. Besides/Moreover
50. them
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了一些与食物是否健康相关说法的真伪，鸡汤确实有助于对抗感冒，不吃肉是不健康的，茶比咖啡更健康，面包和土豆不含脂肪，但是其添加物如黄油会增加变胖的几率。
41. 考查名词复数。句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直相信鸡汤有助于对抗感冒。century是可数名词，此处应用复数形式，for centuries几个世纪以来，固定用法。故填centuries。
42. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直相信鸡汤有助于对抗感冒。“鸡汤有助于对抗感冒”是描述一个人们相信的事实，应用一般现在时，主语chicken soup是不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填helps。
43. 考查形容词比较级。句意：他们认为鸡汤含有能阻止感冒恶化的物质。结合句意可知，此处指“鸡汤能阻止感冒变得更加糟糕”，应用形容词比较级，故填worse。
44. 考查不定冠词。句意：汤的热量也可以让一个人感觉更好。person是可数名词，此处泛指“一个人能，应用不定冠词。故填a。
45. 考查副词。句意：肉类，尤其是红肉，确实含有人体所需的蛋白质。此处作状语，应用副词形式。故填especially。
46. 考查定语从句。句意：不吃肉的人可以通过吃豆腐、鸡蛋和一些蔬菜获得足够的蛋白质，保持健康。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是A person，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导。故填who/that。
47. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：咖啡不会这样。句子是描述一个一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语Coffee是不可数名词，故此处用助动词的第三人称单数形式does。故填does。
48. 考查动名词。句意：但是吃得太多和不锻炼会使人发胖。空处作主语，应用动名词形式，故填eating。
49. 考查副词。句意：此外，添加黄油之类的东西会增加发胖的几率。结合句意可知，此处与上文是递进关系，应用副词besides或moreover，表示“此外，而且”置于句首，首字母大写。故填Besides/Moreover。
50. 考查人称代词的宾格。 句意：此外，添加黄油之类的东西会增加发胖的几率。空处作介词to的宾语，应用宾格形式。故填them。
第五部分 短文改错
【答案】
1. receive→received 2. 删除them 3. friend→friends 4. happily→happy
5. the→a 6. interested→interesting 7. much→many 8. 在got后加to
9. important→importance 10. which→whose
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者收到来自爱尔兰朋友的信，让作者意识到交异国朋友的重要性和乐趣。
1. 考查时态。句意：昨天，我收到一封来自西班牙朋友的信，这封信唤起了我在爱尔兰学习的记忆。根据Yesterday可知，时态应是一般过去时，谓语动词变过去式，故将receive改为received。
2. 考查代词。句意：她谈起我在爱尔兰遇到的其他人。根据句子结构可知，I met in Ireland作定语，修饰some of the other people，且some of the other people作met的宾语，故将them删除。
3. 考查名词的数。句意：她也说起我其他的两个朋友将从意大利给我写信。根据句意及two of my other可知，此处表示“我其他的两个朋友”，可数名词friend应变复数，故将friend改为friends。
4. 考查形容词。句意：我感到开心和幸运，因为我在爱尔兰交到了许多好朋友。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用形容词happy，作felt的表语，故将happily改为happy。
5. 考查冠词及短语。句意：我感到开心和幸运，因我在爱尔兰交到了许多好朋友。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“许多”，故用短语a lot of，故将the改为a。
6. 考查形容词。句意：对我来说，结识这么多来自不同国家的人真地太有趣了。分析句子结构，此句是It作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to meet people from so many different countries，事情作主语，故用interesting，表示“……是有趣的”，故将interested改为interesting。
7. 考查限定词。句意：对我来说，结识这么多来自不同国家的人真地太有趣了。根据countries及句子结构可知，此处应用many修饰可数名词复数，故将much改为many。
8. 考查不定式。句意：我认为我们不仅提高了英语水平，还逐渐结识了来自世界各地的人们，这非常重要。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语get to do sth. 表示“开始，逐渐做某事”，故在got后加to。
9. 考查名词。句意：我认为我们不仅提高了英语水平，还逐渐结识了来自世界各地的人们，这非常重要。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语be of great importance，表示“极其重要的”，故将important改为importance。
10. 考查定语从句引导词。句意：我永远不会忘记这段经历，它对我的影响是终生的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，引导词在从句中作定语，修饰influence，故将which改为whose。
第六部分 书面表达
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
Thank you for taking your time to read my letter. With the coming of the Winter Olympics, I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer. Now I would like to introduce myself.
First of all, I am warmhearted and always ready to help others in need. As a result, the friends around me all think highly of me. What’s more, I have a good command of English, which allows me to communicate with people from foreign countries without any difficulty. At the same time, I am an easygoing boy and I am sure I can get along well with everyone and make good friends with the athletes. If I could be accepted, I promise I will value the chance and become a qualified volunteer.
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本文为应用文中的书信作文。写信申请成为一名冬奥会的志愿者并介绍自己的实际情况。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
擅长：be good at→have a good command of
交流：talk→communicate
很容易地：easily→without any difficulty
称赞：praise→think highly of
2. 句式拓展
简单句合并复合句
原句：I am warmhearted and always ready to help others in need. As a result, the friends around me all think highly of me.
拓展句：I am warmhearted and always ready to help others in need，because of which, the friends around me all think highly of me.
【点睛】1. With the coming of the Winter Olympics, I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer. （with结构使用。）
2. What’s more, I have a good command of English, which allows me to communicate with people from foreign countries without any difficulty. （非限制性定语从句的使用。）
3. If I could be accepted, I promise I will value the chance and become a qualified volunteer. （条件状语从句和宾语从句的使用。）
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