高考英语二轮复习题型专题03 阅读理解之人物传记类（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习题型专题03 阅读理解之人物传记类（2份打包，解析版+原卷版），文件包含高考英语二轮复习题型专题03阅读理解之人物传记类解析版doc、高考英语二轮复习题型专题03阅读理解之人物传记类原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。


Part 1题型总览
【题型综述】
人物传记类阅读理解在近年高考中频繁出现，主要以介绍科学家、文学家等杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，尤其注重介绍这些杰出人物如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的各种困难。体裁一般是记叙文，写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。
【技巧点拨】
人物传记类文章多为记叙文，命题以细节为主，推理为辅。应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。阅读时，我们可以先浏览题干，看一下哪几道题是有关细节理解的，抓住题干关键词，然后再到文章中查找并阅读与之有关的句子。
【读相关词】
wisdm n． 智慧；明智
intelligent adj. 聪明的；智能的
gifted adj. 有才能的
utging adj. 爱交际的；外向的
utstanding adj. 杰出的
virtue n．美德；正直的品行
ptimistic adj. 乐观主义的
achievement n．成就；成绩；功绩
admire v. 钦佩；欣赏
attractive adj. 有魅力的
cnfident adj. 自信的
enthusiastic adj. 热情的
creative adj. 富有创造力的
energetic adj. 精力旺盛的
bigraphy n.传记
autbigraphy n. 自传;自传体小说
fantasy n. 想象;幻想;幻想作品
nvelist n. 小说家
event n. 重要的事;重大事件;赛事;演艺会
incident n. 生活中印象深刻的小事;不寻常或不愉快的小事;政治事件/事变
witness v. 当场看到;目击
witness n. 目击者;见证人
intellectual a.脑力的;推理的;有智慧的
talented/gifted a. 有才艺的
persnable a .品貌兼优的
brilliant a. 绝妙的;明亮的;才华横溢的
apprachable a. 和蔼可亲的;浅显易懂的
demanding a. 要求高的;要求急严的
absent-minded a. 心不在焉的
cnservative a. 保守的;守旧的
knw-all a. 博学多知的
sense f humur 幽默感
be ready t 乐于
mdest and hnest 谦虚诚实
adapt (neself) t 适应于……
have difficulty in ding sth. 做某事有困难
be eager t d sth. 渴望做某事
be regarded as 被认为是
have a gift fr 在……方面有天赋
wrk hard at 努力做
devte ne's life t 致力于
graduate frm 从……毕业
taken an active part in 积极参加
pen­minded and ptimistic 乐观开朗
be admitted t 被……录取；考入
g abrad fr further studies 出国深造
be hnred fr 因……而受到尊敬
Part 2真题感悟
Passage 1
【真题详解】
【2020·天津卷】
“They tell me that yu’d like t make a statue(塑像) f me-is that crrect, Miss Vinnie Ream?”
The deep, gentle vice helped calm the nervus girl. Asking a favr f the President f the United States was n casual matter, especially fr a seventeen-year-ld girl.
“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wuldn’t have du ask yu, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan t make it in an admirable manner. “
President Lincln smiled. “Painters, sculptrs-they’ve all tried t make the best f this rdinary face, but I’m afraid there’s nt much hpe. What did yu have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust(半身像)?”
Befre Vinnie culd say yes, the President hurried n, a shade f aplgy in his vice.
“Of curse-I shuldn’t have asked. A full-length pse wuld be much t big a prject fr a yung wman yur size. “
Vinnie’s face turned red. She realized she lked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small des nt mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was brn in the cuntry f Wiscnsin. I’ve driven teams f hrses and carried water. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure wuld nt exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend t d!”
The President’s eyes, brightened at her shw f spirit. “Srry, madam, I have underestimated yu as I didn’t knw yur backgrund.”
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bny fingers, in thught. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I’d like t let yu d it, but as yu knw, we are in the middle f a war. Hw culd I pssibly take the time t pse fr a sculpture nw? I hardly have a minute t myself.”
Vinnie glanced arund and nted the size f his ffice. “I wrk quickly,” she said. Her vice was sft but cnfident as she pinted t the crner near the windws. “If I were t bring my clay here and wrk fr three hurs every afternn, I culd cmplete mst f the prject while yu are at yur desk.”
The President seemed t cnsider her idea seriusly. He gt up and shk Vinnie’s hand warmly, “I’ve heard that yu are a talented yung wman, and I have fund yu charming and intelligent as well. I cannt make my decisin immediately, but yu will hear frm me sn.”
The very next day, Vinnie received an invitatin frm the President.
41．What gave Vinnie cnfidence t make her request f President Lincln?
A．Her aggressive persnality.
B．Mr. Mills’s encuraging remark.
C．President Lincln’s gentle vice.
D．Her interest in a challenging jb.
42．Hw did President Lincln first respnd t Vinnie’s request?
A．Pleased.
B．Thrilled.
C．Regretful.
D．Dubtful.
43．Vinnie cnfirmed her ability t make a full-length statue by highlighting ______.
A．her experience frm ther prjects
B．her inncent childhd in the cuntry
C．the heavy labr she had dne befre
D．the skill she picked up in Wiscnsin
44．Vinnie wanted t chse the crner near the windws t ______.
A．achieve effects f natural lighting
B．keep all her tls within easy reach
C．bserve the President at a right angle
D．avid disturbing the president’s wrk
45．What message des the stry cnvey?
A．A strng-willed sul can reach his gal.
B．Experience helps t prmte excellence.
C．Ups and dwns make ne strng.
D．Devtin requires enthusiasm.
【答案】41．B42．D43．C44．D45．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。
41．细节理解题。根据第三段中的”I wuldn't have dared t ask yu, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan t make it in an admirable manner. “可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。
42．推理判断题。根据第五段中的”Of curse- I shuldn't have asked. A full-length pse wuld be much t big a prject fr a yung wman yur size.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。
43．细节理解题。根据第六段中的”I've driven teams f hrses and carried water. Making a full-length clay figure wuld nt exhaust my strength-and this is what I intend t d!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。
44．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的”Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I'd like t let yu d it, but as yu knw, we are in the middle f a war. Hw culd I pssibly take the time t pse fr a sculpture nw? I hardly have a minute t myself. “可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的”Vinnie glanced arund and nted the size f his ffice. “I wrk quickly,” she said. Her vice was sft but cnfident as she pinted t the crner near the windws. “If I were t bring my clay here and wrk fr three hurs every afternn, I culd cmplete mst f the prject while yu are at yur desk. “可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。”我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。”如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。
45．推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。
【强重难词】
statue n.塑像
sculptrs n. 雕刻家
brighten vi. 明亮；变亮；活跃；快乐高兴vt. 使闪亮；使生辉；使快乐高兴
in an admirable manner以令人钦佩的方式
a shade f aplgy一丝歉意
a talented yung wman一个有天赋的年轻女性
bny fingers纤瘦的手指
【析长难句】
1. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure wuld nt exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend t d!”
【解析】本句中的Making a full-length clay是动名词做主语，what引导的是表语从句。
【译文】做一个完整的泥人不会耗尽我的力气——而这正是我想做的!”
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. “If I were t bring my clay here and wrk fr three hurs every afternn, I culd cmplete mst f the prject while yu are at yur desk.”
【解析】本句中的if引导的是条件状语从句，从句使用了虚拟语气；主句中的while引导的是时间状语从句。
【译文】“如果我把我的粘土带来这里，每天下午工作三个小时，我可以在你在书桌旁办公的时候完成大部分项目。”
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. “I’ve heard that yu are a talented yung wman, and I have fund yu charming and intelligent as well.
【解析】本句中的heard 后面是that引导的是宾语从句，fund yu charming and intelligent是“find sb. adj.宾语补足语的结构
【译文】我听说你是个很有才华的年轻女子，我觉得你既迷人又聪明。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2
【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】
Jenifer Mauer has needed mre willpwer than the typical cllege student t pursue her gal f earning a nursing degree. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr's degree.
Mauer, f Edgar, Wiscnsin, grew up n a farm in a family f 10 children. Her dad wrked at a jb away frm the farm, and her mther ran the farm with the kids. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin（学费）, because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin. After graduatin, she wrked t help her sisters and brthers pay fr their schling.
Jennifer nw is married and has three children f her wn. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves: nursing. She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids. Jenifer received great supprt frm her family as she wrked t car her degree: Her husband wrked tw jbs t cver the bills, and her 68-year-ld mther helped take care f the children at times.
Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study. “Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,” she says. Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family-and that's pretty pwerful.
4. What did Jennifer d after high schl? （ ）
A. She helped her dad with his wrk.
B. She ran the family farm n her wn.
C. She supprted herself thrugh cllege.
D. She taught her sisters and brthers at hme.
5. Why did Jennifer chse the prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield? （ ）
A. T take care f her kids easily. B. T learn frm the best nurses.
C. T save mney fr her parents. D. T find a well-paid jb there.
6. What did Jennifer sacrifice t achieve her gal? （ ）
A. Her health. B. Her time with family.
C. Her reputatin. D. Her chance f prmtin.
7. What can we learn frm Jenifer's stry? （ ）
A. Time is mney. B. Lve breaks dwn barriers.
C. Hard wrk pays ff. D. Educatin is the key t success.
【答案】4. C 5. A6. B 7. C
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。
4.C细节理解题。根据第二段的After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin, because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supprted herself thrugh cllege.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。
5.A细节理解题。根据第三段的She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Misnistry Saint Jseph’s Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子）可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. T take care f her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。
6.B细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。
7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的Thrugh it all, she remind in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family-and that’s the pretty pwerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C. Hard wrk pays ff.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。
【固重难词】
willpwer n.意志力
typical adj. 典型的；特有的；象征性的
pursue vt. 继续；追求
sacrifice n. 牺牲；祭品；供奉vt. 牺牲；献祭；亏本出售
inspiratin n. 灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计
set aside fr专门留出时间做
advance her career推进她的职业生涯
cver the bills支付账单
earn a bachelr's degree. 获得学士学位
attend a lcal technical cllege参加当地的技术学校
pay her tuitin付学费
achieve her gal实现目标
【析长难句】
1. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin（学费）, because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin.
【解析】本句含有一个because引导的原因状语从句，主句中的wrking为现在分词短语做状语。
【译文】高中毕业后，詹妮弗进入了当地的一所技术学院，通过工作来支付学费，因为没有多余的钱供她上大学。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves: nursing.
【解析】本句是个复合句，advance her career推进她的职业生涯 while+ding做状语，she lves 为定语从句，修饰smething
【译文】她决定回到大学去发展自己的事业，并在做自己喜欢的事情——护理的同时更好地支持她的家庭。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr's degree.
【解析】本句是主从复合句，其中when引导的是时间状语从句，graduated frm…是从……毕业，t earn…为动词不定式短语做后置定语，修饰the first in her large family。
【译文】当詹妮弗从威斯康辛大学欧·克莱尔毕业，成为她大家庭中第一个获得学士学位的人时，她的意志力终于开花结果了。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study.
【解析】本句中的t achieve…..为动词不定式短语做目的状语，giving up…. 和 missing imprtant event…为现在分词做伴随状语，t study…为动词不定式做目的状语
【译文】珍妮弗为了实现自己的目标做出很大的牺牲，她放弃了和孩子在一起的夜晚，错过了许多重要的活动。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
【真题详解】
Part 3专题强化
Passage 1【真题自测】
【2018·全国卷3】
While famus freign architects are invited t lead the designs f landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV twer and the Natinal Center fr the Perfrming Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great effrts t take the center stage.
Their effrts have been prven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-ld Chinese architect, wn the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is ften referred t as the Nbel Prize in architecture — n February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen t win this award.
Wang serves as head f the Architecture Department at the China Academy f Art (CAA). His ffice is lcated at the Xiangshan campus(校园) f the university in Hangzhu, Zhejiang Prvince. Many buildings n the campus are his riginal creatins.
The style f the campus is quite different frm that f mst Chinese universities. Many visitrs were amazed by the cmplex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) f the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall f hills, frming a unique view.
Wang cllected mre than 7 millin abandned bricks f different ages. He asked the wrkers t use traditinal techniques t make the bricks int walls, rfs and crridrs. This creatin attracted a lt f attentin thanks t its mixture f mdern and traditinal Chinese elements(元素).
Wang’s wrks shw a deep understanding f mdern architecture and a gd knwledge f traditins. Thrugh such a balance, he had created a new type f Chinese architecture, said Tada And, the winner f the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditins shuld nt be sealed in glass bxes at museums. "That is nly evidence that traditins nce existed," he said.
"Many Chinese peple have a misunderstanding f traditins. They think traditin means ld things frm the past. In fact, traditin als refers t the things that have been develping and that are still being created, " he said.
"Tday, many Chinese peple are learning Western styles and theries rather than fcusing n Chinese traditins. Many peple tend t talk abut traditins withut knwing what they really are, " said Wang.
The study f traditins shuld be cmbined with practice. Otherwise, the recreatin f traditins wuld be artificial and empty, he said.
24．Wang’s winning f the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.
A．fllwing the latest wrld trend
B．getting internatinal recgnitin
C．wrking harder than ever befre
D．relying n freign architects
25．What impressed visitrs t the CAA Xiangshan campus mst?
A．Its hilly envirnment.
B．Its large size.
C．Its unique style.
D．Its diverse functins.
26．What made Wang’s architectural design a success?
A．The mixture f different shapes.
B．The balance f East and West.
C．The use f ppular techniques.
D．The harmny f ld and new.
27．What shuld we d abut Chinese traditins accrding t Wang?
A．Spread them t the wrld. B．Preserve them at museums.
C．Teach them in universities. D．Recreate them in practice.
【答案】
24．B25．C26．D27．D
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊，故C正确。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者Tada And的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D正确。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中In fact, traditin als refers t the things that have been develping and that are still being created可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。
【点睛】根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
此题的第一小题和第四小题为推理判断题。第1题根据第二段第二句可知Wang Shu 获得2012年普利策奖，相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，再根据第三句他是第一个获此奖的中国人可知，中国建筑现在得到了国际认可，因得到认可才能获奖。此题的解题关键时根据原文的两个信息句进行的判断，而ACD原文中没有提及。
Passage 2【真题自测】
【2016·全国卷2】
A new cllectin f phts brings an unsuccessful Antarctic vyage back t life.
Frank Hurley’s pictures wuld be utstanding—undubtedly first-rate pht-jurnalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were sht frm 1914 thrugh 1916, mst f them after a disastrus shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman wh had n reasnable expectatin f survival. Many f the images were stred in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wden ship.
The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Nrwegian-built three-master that was intended t take Sir Ernest Shackletn and a small crew f seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, t the suthernmst shre f Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. Frm that pint Shackletn wanted t frce a passage by dg sled(雪橇) acrss the cntinent. The jurney was intended t achieve mre than what Captain Rbert Falcn Sctt had dne. Captain Sctt had reached the Suth Ple early in 1912 but had died with his fur cmpanins n the march back.
As writer Carline Alexander makes clear in her frceful and well-researched stry The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thrughly cmmercial effrt. Sctt’s last jurney, cmpleted as he lay in a tent dying f cld and hunger, caught the wrld’s imaginatin, and a film made in his hnr drew crwds. Shackletn, a netime British merchant-navy fficer wh had gt t within 100 miles f the Suth Ple in 1908, started a business befre his 1914 vyage t make mney frm mvie and still phtgraphy. Frank Hurley, a cnfident and gifted Australian phtgrapher wh knew the Antarctic, was hired t make the images, mst f which have never befre been published.
13．What d we knw abut the phts taken by Hurley?
A. They were made last week.
B. They shwed undersea sceneries.
C. They were fund by a cameraman.
D. They recrded a disastrus adventure.
14．Wh reached the Suth Ple first accrding t the text?
A. Frank Hurley.
B. Ernest Shackletn.
C. Rbert Falcn Sctt.
D. Carline Alexander.
15．What des Alexander think was the purpse f the 1914 vyage?
A. Artistic creatin.
B. Scientific research.
C. Mney making.
D. Treasure hunting.
【答案】13．D14．C15．C
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于记叙文。讲述了Frank的图片记录了一次海难，文章介绍了与这次航海活动相关的具体内容。
13．D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“they were sht frm 1914 thrugh 1916, mst f them after a disastrus ”可知这些照片记录的是1914年左右发生的一次海难事故。故D项正确。
14．C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Captain Sctt had reached the Suth ”可知第一个到达南极的是Captain Sctt。故C项正确。
15．C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“... started a business befre his 1914 vyage t make mney frm mvie and still phtgraphy”可知Alexander认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故C项正确。
【名师点睛】
本文三题均考查了细节理解题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如第小题13中的A项“They were made last week”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“Frank Hurley’s pictures... undubtedly first-rate pht-jurnalism—if they had been made last week.”可知，如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。实际上这些照片是1914年左右拍摄的。说明A项明显错误。
干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式：
1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。
2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。
3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
Passage 3【新题模拟】
（2021·安徽黄山市·高三期末） My 7-year-ld daughter Leeny always has her nse in a bk. She even tk t reading in the car n the lng drive t summer camp, which was where she lst the bk. This is the first lst library bk in my life. My family has always been vereducated, but we were pr. I didn’t wn bks. I brrwed bks. Hwever, my daughters have mre bks nw than I wned my whle childhd, and I knwingly cntribute t it by adding t the stacks(堆).S it's prbably my fault that when Leeny realized she had lst the bk, she shrugged(耸肩). “Srry. I can't find it,” she said. “It’s nly $ 20, right? What’s the big deal?”
I felt the need t make her feel respnsible fr the bk. She agreed t help me clean the chicken cp (笼子)in trade fr my paying the library fine. I thught this idea was very clever because cleaning the cp is sme wrk I had been aviding fr mnths. It was summertime and dust flated in the air. But my girl, my animal-lving mini-me, thught shveling chicken pp(铲鸡粪)was the mst fun she'd had n a Saturday mrning in a lng time. She didn't feel any f the emtins that punishment is suppsed t intrduce. In fact, she lked as if she might lse anther n purpse in rder t clean the cp again. I std, smewhat dumbfunded, watching her.
It tk me a while t realize what had happened, why my punishment had failed s cmpletely and why I didn't care. The fact is that I had Leeny help me clean the chicken cp. I was there, t, shveling chicken pp, fetching the clean straw and feed. Leeny's little sister, Vicki, was inside watching a cartn while my husband paid bills. Only Leeny and I were utside. She had me all t herself fr the first time since Vicki was brn, and she was enjying all the attentin fr nce. I dn't knw what she learned abut respnsibility, but I fund that I didn't care abut the bk any mre. We bnded ver that unpleasant jb and spent quality time tgether: mther, daughter, and chicken pp.
1．Hw des Leeny find reading?
A．It is very challenging. B．It is better t be dne in a library.
C．It is full f enjyment. D．It csts a large frtune.
2．The underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 1 refers t the fact that .
A．the authr's daughters wn t many bks
B．the authr's daughter ften lst library bk
C．the authr culd never have enugh bks t read
D．the authr didn't wn many bks
3．Hw did the authr feel after she saw Leeny's cleaning wrk?
A．Ashamed. B．Astnished. C．Embarrassed. D．Upset.
4．What's the best title fr the passage?
A．What I we t Leeny: mre attentin
B．My daughter drve me crazy, but I felt grateful
C．Surprise: my daughter lves cleaning chicken cps
D．My punishment failed, but I didn't care
【答案】
1．C2．A3．B4．D
【分析】
本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者以打扫鸡笼作为对女儿丢书的惩罚的故事。通过这次“惩罚”使作者和女儿共享了一次美妙的亲子时光。
1．
推理判断题。根据第一段“My 7-year-ld daughter Leeny always has her nse in a bk. She even tk t reading in the car n the lng drive t summer camp. ”（我7岁的女儿Leeny总是专心致志地看书。她甚至在去夏令营的途中看书）推测，Leeny很喜欢看书，对Leeny而言读书是一件很快乐、享受的事情。故选C项。
2．
指代猜测题。根据第一段“Hwever, my daughters have mre bks nw than I wned my whle childhd, and I knwingly cntribute t it by adding t the stacks. ”（然而，我的女儿们现在所拥有的书比我整个童年时期拥有的书都多。我明明知道她们有很多书了，
还不断地为她们购置新书，增加她们的图书拥有量。）可知，it此处指代的是女儿们拥有太多书的事实。故选A项。
3．
观点态度题。根据第三段“I std, smewhat dumbfunded, watching her.”（我站在那，有点惊讶地看着她。）可知，作者原本想以打扫鸡笼作为对女儿丢书的惩罚，没想到女儿干起这件苦差事来却乐在其中，这让作者觉得很惊讶。故选B项。
4．
标题判断题。根据最后一段“I dn't knw what she learned abut respnsibility, but I fund that I didn't care abut the bk any mre.”（我不知道关于责任，她学到了什么。但是我发现我不再在意书了。）可知，文章讲述了女儿丢书后，作者本想以打扫鸡笼作为惩罚，没想到女儿却乐在其中。作者对这件事进行了有益反思，打扫鸡笼让作者和女儿共享了一次美妙的亲子时光。虽然惩罚的计划落空了，但作者已不在意了。故选D项。
Passage 4【新题模拟】
（2021·天津西青区·高三期末）Betty and Harld have been married fr years. But ne-thing still puzzles ld Harld. Hw is it that he can leave Betty and her friend Jan sitting n the sfa, talking, g ut t a ballgame, cme back three and a half hurs later, and they're still sitting n the sfa?
Talking? What in the wrld, Harld wnders, d they have t talk abut?
Betty shrugs(耸肩).Talk? We're friends.
Researching this matter called friendship, psychlgist Lillian Rubin spent tw years interviewing mre than tw hundred wmen and men. N matter what their age, their jb, their sex, the results were cmpletely clear: wmen have mre friendships than men, and the difference in the cntent and the quality f thse friendships is “marked and unmistakable.”
Mre than tw-thirds f the single men Rubin interviewed culd nt name a best friend. Thse wh culd were likely t name a wman. Yet three-quarters f the single wmen had n prblem naming a best friend, and almst always it was a wman. Mre married men than wmen named their wife/husband as a best friend, mst trusted persn, r the ne they wuld turn t in time f emtinal distress(痛苦).“Mst wmen,” says Rubin, “identified at least ne, usually mre, trusted friends t whm they culd turn in a trubled mment, and they spke penly abut the imprtance f these relatinships in their lives.”
“In general,” writes Rubin in her new bk, “wmen's friendships with each ther rest n shared emtins and supprt, but men's relatinships are marked by shared activities. ”“Fr the mst part”, Rubin says, “interactins between men are emtinally cntrlled-a gd fit with the scial requirements f “manly behavir.”
“Even when a man is said t be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the tw share little abut their innermst feelings. While a wman's clsest female friend might be-the first t tell her t leave a failing marriage, it wasn't unusual t hear a man say he didn't knw his friend's marriage was in serius truble until he appeared ne night asking if he culd sleep n the sfa.”
5．What ld Harld cannt understand r explain is the fact that : ___
A．wmen have s much t share
B．he finds his wife difficult t talk t
C．wmen shw little interest in ballgames
D．he is treated as an utsider rather than a husband
6．Rubin's study shws that fr emtinal supprt a married wman is mre likely t turn t______.
A．her parents B．her husband C．a male friend D．a female friend
7．Accrding t the passage, which type f behavir is NOT expected f a man by sciety?
A．Ging ut t ballgames t ften.
B．Cmplaining abut his marriage truble.
C．Spending t much time with his friends.
D．Ending his marriage withut gd reasn.
8．Which f the fllwing statements is best supprted by the last paragraph?
A．Men keep their private feelings t themselves.
B．Wmen depend n thers in making decisins.
C．wmen are mre serius than men abut marriage.
D．Men ften take sudden actin t end their marriages.
9．The research dne by psychlgist Rubin centers arund________.
A．emtinal prblems in marriage B．happy and successful marriages
C．friendships f men and wmen D．interactins between men and wmen
【答案】
5．A6．D7．B8．A9．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了女性对于友谊和男性对于友谊不同的态度和做法。
5．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“What in the wrld, Harld wnders, d they have t talk abut?（哈罗德想知道，他们到底要谈什么？）”可知，Harld不能理解她们到底有多少要聊的内容。故选A项。
6．
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Yet three-quarters f the single wmen had n prblem naming a best friend, and almst always it was a wman. Mre married men than wmen named their wife/husband as a best friend, mst trusted persn, r the ne they wuld turn t in time f emtinal distress(痛苦). “Mst wmen,” says Rubin, “identified at least ne, usually mre, trusted friends t whm they culd turn in a trubled mment, and they spke penly abut the imprtance f these relatinships in their lives.””（然而，四分之三的单身女性可以毫不犹豫地说出最好的朋友，而且几乎都是女性。与女性相比，更多的已婚男性将自己的妻子/丈夫视为最好的朋友、最信任的人，或者在情绪低落时可以求助的人。“大多数女性，”鲁宾说，“至少有一个，通常更多，值得信赖的朋友，她们可以在遇到麻烦的时候向他们倾诉，并且公开谈论这些关系在她们生活中的重要性。”）”可推断，已婚女性为了获得情感上的支持，更倾向于求助于女性朋友。故选D项。
7．
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Fr the mst part, Rubin says, interactins between men are emtinally cntrlled-a gd fit with the scial requirements f "manly behavir.（在很大程度上，男人之间的交往在情感上是受控制的，这很符合“男子汉气概”的社会要求。）”和最后一段“While a wman's clsest female friend might be-the first t tell her t leave a failing marriage, it wasn't unusual t hear a man say he didn't knw his friend's marriage was in serius truble until he appeared ne night asking if he culd sleep n the sfa.(虽然一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开一段失败的婚
姻，但听到一个男人说直到他朋友有一天晚上出现问他，他才知道他朋友的婚姻陷入了严重的麻烦，这也并不罕见。)”可推断，社会不接受一个男人抱怨婚姻问题。故选B项。
8．
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Even when a man is said t be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the tw share little abut their innermst feelings.”（“即使一个男人被说成是最好的朋友，”鲁宾写道，“他们也很少分享内心深处的感受。”）”可知，男人总是把自己的感情藏在心里。故选A项。
9．
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Researching this matter called friendship, psychlgist Lillian Rubin spent tw years interviewing mre than tw hundred wmen and men.（为了研究这个叫做友谊的问题，心理学家莉莉安·鲁宾花了两年时间采访了200多名男女。）”可知，鲁宾的实验围绕男性与女性的友谊为中心的。故选C项。
Passage 5【新题模拟】
（2021·天津西青区·高三期末） Papa, as a sn f a dirt-pr farmer, left schl early and went t wrk in a factry,fr educatin was fr the rich then.S, the wrld became his schl.With great interest, he read everything he culd lay his hands n, listened t the twn elders and learned abut the wrld beynd his tiny hmetwn."There's s much t learn," he'd say.“Thugh we're brn stupid, nly the stupid remain that way.”He was determined that nne f his children wuld be denied(拒绝)an educatin.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least ne new thing each day.And dinner time seemed perfect fr sharing what we had learned.We wuld talk abut the news f the day;n matter hw insignificant, it was never taken lightly.Papa wuld listen carefully and was ready with sme cmment,always t the pint.
Then came the mment-the time t share the day's new learning.
Papa, at the head f the table, wuld push back his chair and pur a glass f red wine,ready t listen.
Felice, “he'd say,”tell me what yu learned tday.“learned that the ppulatin f Nepal is...”
Silence.
Papa was thinking abut what was said, as if the salvatin(拯救)f the wrld wuld depend upn it.“The ppulatin f ”he'd say.“Get the map; let's see where Nepal is.” And the whle family went n a search fr Nepal.
This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn.Dinner ended nly after we had a clear understanding f at least half a dzen such facts.
As children, we thught very.little abut these educatinal wnders.Our family,hwever,was grwing tgether,sharing experiences and participating in ne anther’s educatin And by lking at us,listening t us, respecting ur input, affirming(肯定)ur value; giving us a sense f dignity, Papa -was unquestinably ur mst influential teacher.
Later during my training as a future teacher studied with sme f the mst famus
educatrs.They were imparting(传授)what Papa had knwn all alng-the value f cntinual learning.His technique has served me well all my life.Nt a single day has been wasted, thugh I can never tell when knwing the ppulatin,f Nepal might prve useful.
10．What d we knw frm the first paragraph?
A．Thse brn stupid culd nt change their life.
B．The pr culd hardly affrd schl educatin.
C．The twn elders wanted t learn abut the wrld.
D．The authr's father was brn in a wrker's family.
11．The underlined wrd"it" in the secnd paragraph refers t“______”.
A．the news B．the request C．the cmment D．the pint
12．It can be learned frm the passage that the authr_________.
A．enjyed talking abut news
B．knew very well abut Nepal
C．felt regret abut thse wasted days
D．appreciated his father's educatinal technique
13．What is the greatest value f "dinner time" t the authr?
A．Shwing talents. B．Cntinual learning.
C．Family get-tgether. D．Winning Papa's apprval.
14．The authr's father can be best described as ________.
A．a wiseman willing t share his knwledge
B．a parent insistent n his children's educatin
C．an educatr expert at training future teachers
D．a teacher strict abut everything his students did
【答案】
10．B11．A12．D13．B14．B
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者的父亲虽然目不识丁，但非常重视对孩子的教育，要求他们每天学习新知识。
10．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“Papa, as a sn f a dirt-pr farmer, left schl early and went t wrk in a factry,fr educatin was fr the rich then.”（爸爸是一个赤贫农民的儿子，很早就辍学到一家工厂工作，因为那时教育是富人的事。）可知，教育是夫富人的事情，穷人几乎负担不起学校教育。故选B项。
11．
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段第三句“We wuld talk abut the news f the day;n matter hw insignifican”（我们会谈论当天的新闻，无论多么微不足道的新闻）可知，这里的it代指上文的news，指的是他们每天谈论的新闻。故选A项。
12．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二、三句“They were imparting(传授)what Papa had knwn all alng-the value f cntinual learning.His technique has served me well all my life.”（他们正在传授爸爸一直都知道的东西——不断学习的价值。他的技术使我受益终生。）可知，作者父亲传递的坚持学习的思想，这种思想让作者在一生中受益匪浅，可见作者对父亲的教育理念是心存感激的。故选D项。
13．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句“Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least ne new thing each day.And dinner time seemed perfect fr sharing what we had learned.”（因此，爸爸坚持我们每天至少要学一件新东西。晚餐时间似乎很适合分享我们所学到的东西。）和最后一段第二句“They were imparting(传授)what Papa had knwn all alng-the value f cntinual learning.”（他们正在传授爸爸一直都知道的东西——不断学习的价值。）可知，对作者来说，“晚餐时间”最大的价值是爸爸坚持每天学习新东西，及不断学习的价值。故选B项。
14．
推理判断题。根据文章“Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least ne new thing each day.And dinner time seemed perfect fr sharing what we had learned.”（因此，爸爸坚持我们每天至少要学一件新东西。晚餐时间似乎很适合分享我们所学到的东西。）可知，作者的爸爸是一位坚持每天让孩子学习一件新东西，是一位坚持对孩子教育的家长。故选B项。
序号
内容
Part 1
题型总览
题型综述 技巧点拨 读相关词
Part 2
真题感悟
真题详解 强重难词 析长难句..
Part 3
专题强化
真题自测 新题模拟