高考英语二轮复习题型专题05阅读理解之生态环保类（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

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专题05 生态环保类
序号
内容
Part 1
题型总览
题型综述 技巧点拨 读相关词
Part 2
真题感悟
真题详解 强重难词 析长难句..
Part 3
专题强化
真题自测 新题模拟




Part 1题型总览
【题型综述】
“生态环保”是普通高中英语课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环境污染和保护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。
【技巧点拨】
1. 运用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图。在阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，分析原文的文本结构，然后根据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。如果文章中含有标题、副标题、图片等，在概括全文主旨大意和写作目的时需要重点考虑。根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。
2.利用文中语境线索分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断。
       在阅读解题时，第一步可以浏览全文，掌握中心大意。第二步可以根据题干要求，用查读法（scanning）再快速定位到相关段落。第三步可以重点搜索段内的标志词，利用标志词所提供的逻辑关系找到细节信息，如数据、例子、原因和结果等。如果句子成分复杂，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，抓住行文逻辑的标志词，层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。
【读相关词】
1. haze n. 雾霾
2. conservation n. 保护
3. recycle v．　 回收；循环利用
4. ecological balance 生态平衡
5. make proper use of　 合理利用
6. keep the balance of 保持……的平衡
7. attach great importance to　 十分重视
8. bring ... under control　 把……控制住
9. be/become aware of 意识到
10. take the responsibility for/be responsible for 对……负责任
11. mist n. 薄雾
12. shortage n. 缺乏
13. damage n．& vt. 毁坏，破坏
14. destroy vt. 摧毁，破坏
15. ruin vt. (使)毁坏；(使)毁灭n. (复)废墟；遗迹
16. disappear vi. 消失
17. threaten vt. 威胁
18. be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中
19. rebuild one’s home 重建某人的家园
20. extinct adj. 灭绝的
21. preserve vt. 保护
22. victim n. 牺牲品，受害者
23. damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地
24. endangered species　　　　　 濒危物种
25. die out 灭绝
26. natural reserve 自然保护区
27. protect wildlife 保护野生动物
28. cut down 砍倒
29. raise the awareness of 唤醒……的意识
30. live in harmony with 与……和谐相处
31. pollute vt. 污染
32. waste n. 废料
33. rubbish n. 垃圾；废物
34. litter n. 垃圾
35. garbage n. 垃圾
36. greenhouse effect 温室效应
37. environmentally­friendly adj. 环保的
38. advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡
39. preserve vt. 保护，保留，保存
40. limited natural resources 有限的自然资源
41. alternative energy 替代能源
42. in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处
43. live a low-carbon life 过低碳生活
44. prevent ...from ... 阻止……做……
45. raise one’s environmental awareness 提高某人的环保意识
46. save and treasure our resources 节约并珍惜我们的资源
47. take action/steps/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
48. call on/appeal to sb. to do sth. 号召/呼吁某人做某事

Part 2真题感悟
Passage 1
【真题详解】
【2020·全国新课标II】
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
28．What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A．To promote guilt-free fur.
B．To expand the fashion market.
C．To introduce a new brand.
D．To celebrate a winter holiday.
29．Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A．Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B．Nutria are an endangered species.
C．Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D．Nutria are illegally hunted.
30．What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Boomed. B．Became mature. C．Remained stable. D．Crashed.
31．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A．It’s formal. B．It’s risky. C．It’s harmful. D．It’s traditional.
【答案】28．A29．A30．D31．B
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
30．词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
【强重难词】
1. environmentalist n. 环保人士；环境论者；研究环境问题的专家
2. ecologists n. 生态学家（ecologist的复数
3. enthusiast n. 爱好者，热心家；热烈支持者；狂热者
4. ecosystem n. 生态系统
5. collapse_ v. （突然）倒塌；（尤指因病重而）倒下，昏倒；（尤指工作劳累后）坐下；崩溃；（货币）贬值；折叠
6. multiply vt. 乘；使增加；使繁殖；使相乘
7. morally adv. 道德上；有道德地；确实地
8. bring back拿回来；使…恢复；使…回忆起来
9. a massive thing大量的事情
10. non-native species非本土物种
11. cross your mind萦绕在你的心头
【析长难句】
1. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
【解析】这是一个主从复合句。主句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to talk about guilt-free fur；unless引导的是条件状语从句，其中that引导宾语从句，做understand的宾语。
【译文】“如果你不明白海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片湿地，那么谈论无罪感皮毛听起来都很疯狂。“”项目总监克里·麦克里说。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.
【解析】句中含有一个so…that引导的结果状语从句，be concerned that是对…担心.
【译文】路易斯安那州的科学家非常担心，他们决定付给猎人一条尾巴5美元。。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
【解析】句中says 后面含有一个以it为形式主语 it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green,以that nutria fur is green引导的真正主语的状语从句。后面又有一个but 连接的并列句he has no doubt about it.
【译文】他说，让人们相信海狸鼠是绿色的并不容易，但他对此毫不怀疑。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2
【真题详解】
【2020·全国新课标I】
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．A new study of different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Employees from various workplaces.
D．Benefits from green plants.
33．What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A．To detect plants’ lack of water
B．To change compositions of plants
C．To make the life of plants longer.
D．To test chemicals in plants.
34．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A．They will speed up energy production.
B．They may transmit electricity to the home.
C．They might help reduce energy consumption.
D．They could take the place of power plants.
35．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Can we grow more glowing plants?
B．How do we live with glowing plants?
C．Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D．How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【答案】32．D33．A34．C35．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。
35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
【强重难词】
1. productive adj.富有成效的
2. conduct v. 组织，实施，进行；指挥（音乐）；带领，引导；举止，表现；传导（热或电）
3. spray n. 喷雾，喷雾剂；喷雾器；水沫；
4. transmission n. 传动装置，[机] 变速器；传递；传送；播送
5. diverse adj. 不同的，相异的；多种多样的，形形色色的
6. create vt. 创造，创作；造成
7. be decorated with ...由…装饰
8. take ... a step further把…进一步
9. a faint light微弱的光线
10. a version of……的一个版本
11. positive effects_积极影响
【析长难句】
1. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
【解析】when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants是时间状语从句，其中的be decorated with是用…装饰。
【译文】在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所装饰有室内植物时，他们的工作效率提高了15%
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
【解析】these是句子的主语，include是谓语，plants和a plant并列做include的宾语。第一个that引导的定语从句修饰plant；when they’re short of water是宾语从句，做show的宾语。第二个that引导的定语从句修饰a plant。
【译文】其中包括一种植物，它们的叶子上印有传感器，可以显示它们是否缺水，还有一种植物可以检测地下水中的有害化学物质。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
【解析】本句是个主从复合句。Where引导的定语从句修饰an on and off＂switch＂；when exposed to daylight是省略了主语和be的时间状语从句。
【译文】工程师们还在尝试开发一种开关，当光线暴露在日光下时，这种开关就会减弱。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

Part 3专题强化
Passage 1【真题自测】
【2019·浙江卷】
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2．Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
3．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A．Inadequate snowmelt. B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
【2018北京卷】
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂
43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They can consume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A. identify other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
46. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain a study method on worms.
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
Passage 3【新题模拟】
（2021·河北衡水市·衡水中学高三月考） Last year, the bushfires in Australia burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people were killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, that was the most casualties(伤亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.
Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. "The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires. Australia's fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia," Hausfather added on Friday.
Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures are also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.
Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity(严重) of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled bums and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched(派遣).
1．What are the numbers about in paragraph 1?
A．The causes of Australian fires. B．The results of Australian fires.
C．The damaged areas of Australian fires. D．The property destruction of Australian fires.
2．Which of the following best explains ''susceptible to" in the second paragraph?
A．Very quickly to adapt to.
B．Very seriously to focus on.
C．Very likely to be influenced by.
D．Very easily to be protected against.
3．What can we infer from Trenberth’s research?
A．Longer dry weather contributes to global warming.
B．Global wanning is also a main cause of the bushfires.
C．Warmer ocean temperatures leads to the fires directly.
D．The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising.
4．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A．To stress the effects of Australia fires.
B．To show the methods for land management.
C．To predict the seriousness of Australia fires.
D．To provide some advice about reducing fire damage.

Passage 4【新题模拟】
（2021·云南昆明市·高三一模） Through an agreement signed today, the much-loved animals will continue to delight visitors for another three years, through December 7, 2023. “We’re all very excited,” says Steve Monfort, the director of the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute. “It’s very good that we can continue our cooperation with our Chinese colleagues.”
The female giant panda Mei Xiang and male Tian Tian, will return to China at the end of 2023 at the relatively elder panda ages of 25 and 26 respectively （分别地). The probable lifetime for giant pandas is about 15 to 20 years in the wild, and about 30 years in captivity (圈养). Likely to travel with the two is Xiao Qi Ji （Little Miracle）, who was born on August 21, 2020. The 15-week-old male cub is the fourth of Mei Xiang’s four surviving cubs.
By long-standing agreement, cubs born in captivity at the zoo are sent to China before four. When Xiao Qi Ji was born, his mother Mei Xiang became the oldest giant panda to give birth in North America.
The public has yet to see Xiao Qi Ji in person. Normally, it would be at about this time, a little over 100 days, that a cub would be able to be shared with the public. Over 1.6 million people have watched the Zoo's Panda Cam since the August birth, with a total of 8.8 million page views. Just this week, his parents, Mei Xiang and Tian Tian marked 20 years in Washington, D．C．.
The extension agreement means that the National Zoo and China will reach a half century of conservation and cooperation between the U.S. and China. “It shouldn't be surprising to people that cooperation is the foundation of the way that one does the work.” Monfort says, “In protecting species, no one organization and often not even one government can theoretically save a species without partnership.”
5．What is the agreement about?
A．Two pandas' three more years in the USA．
B．Cooperation between the Zoo and China.
C．The first public appearance of Xiao Qi Ji.
D．The way to return home for three pandas.
6．What do we know about Mei Xiang?
A．She has been abroad for 20 years. B．She has been sent back to China.
C．She was born in the National Zoo. D．She's the oldest panda to give birth.
7．What's the public's attitude towards the newly-born panda?
A．Uncaring. B．Enthusiastic.
C．Cautious. D．Sympathetic
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．Mei Xiang Has Given Birth to Xiao Qi Ji
B．Cooperation Is Key to Animal Protection
C．Extension Agreement on Pandas Is Reached
D．Lifetime for Giant Pandas Is Figured Outeen the U.S. and China.”
Passage 5【新题模拟】
（2021·山西太原市·高三期末） The Chinese manned submersible(潜水器) Fendouzhe, over 96.5 percent of whose core components have been independently developed by China, reached one of the deepest spots on the planet, a dizzying and dark depth of 10,909 meters.
Extreme water pressure is the first challenge that requires dealing with during the exploration. At 10,000 meters down in the ocean, the submersible has to stand about 1,100 atmospheres of pressure, equal to 2,000 elephants stepping on a person’s back. As the solid “armour (盔甲)”，the manned cabin is a safety guarantee for humans to reach down to 10,000 meters deep in the ocean. To overcome the technical bottleneck, the Chinese researchers developed a new material-Ti62A, successfully solving problems of the strength and toughness of the manned cabin.
To avoid risks of crashes in the dark deep sea with complex terrain(地形)，Fendouzhe requires its control system, a smart “brain” to give the exact instructions. Researchers designed a neural network algorithm(神经网络算法), which enables Fendouzhe to travel automatically according to the seabed terrain and locate fixed points. Its control system has reached the international frontier level.
The submersible is equipped with two flexible and strong “arms”. Each 7-joint arm with 6 degrees - of - freedom control and a weight-carrying ability of more than 60 kilograms can cover the sampling basket and its front areas. With the arms, Fendouzhe collected samples of ocean rocks, deep-sea living things and seabed sediments(沉淀物).
The ocean, especially the deep sea, is widely regarded as Earth's final frontier. Deep down in the ocean are unusual creatures, strange environments and impressive geological wonders, yet humanity knows less about the ocean floor than about the far side of the moon. These samples and data collected from the deep ocean can be used for geological and biological research, as well as study the human impact on the planet.
9．Why is “2000 elephants” mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．To make the numbers accurate.
B．To provide a biological explanation.
C．To emphasize the importance of the task.
D．To describe the degree of the pressure vividly.
10．What can “arms” do according to paragraph 4?
A．Collect ocean samples.
B．Land the submersible.
C．Provide safety guarantee.
D．Prevent crashes intelligently.
11．Which of the following has reached the world advanced level ?
A．The toughness of the cabin.
B．The ability of weight-carrying.
C．The method of data-collection.
D．The technology of control system.
12．Why do people research the deep ocean according to the last paragraph?
A．It is more complex than the moon.
B．It is seriously affected by humans.
C．To make sure of the depth of the ocean.
D．To explore the less-known field of the planet.