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这是一份高考英语二轮复习题型专题06阅读理解之史地人文类（2份打包，解析版+原卷版），文件包含高考英语二轮复习题型专题06阅读理解之史地人文类解析版doc、高考英语二轮复习题型专题06阅读理解之史地人文类原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共37页， 欢迎下载使用。
Part 1题型总览
【题型综述】
史地人文类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况。文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代。本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。通过这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。
【技巧点拨】
命题以细节题为主，有一定的主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。
【读相关词】
1. attackvt.进攻；袭击
2. disappear vi.消失→ disappearancen.消失；失踪
3. escape vi.逃跑
4. feedvt.喂养；饲养；靠……为生；向……提供
5. lcal adj.当地的→ lcate vt.把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于) → lcatin n.地点；位置
6. native adj.本地的；本国的
7. raise vt.饲养；提高
8. range n.山脉；vi.排列；延伸
9. ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭
10. strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到
11. threaten vt.威胁；恐吓→ threat n.威胁
12.ablish vt. 废除
13.aggressin n.侵略→ aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的
14.betray vt. 出卖；泄露机密
15.distribute vt. 发放；分发→ distributin n.分配；配给
16.drught n .干旱
17.dynasty n .朝代
18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发→ eruptinn.爆发
19.frighten vt. 使惊恐→ frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→ frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的
20.fggy adj. 有雾的→ fg n.雾
21.freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的→ freezevi.&vt.将……冷冻，冻僵→ frzen adj.结冰的，冷冻的
22.gegraphy n .地理
23.histric adj. 历史的；有历史意义的→ histry n.历史→ histrical adj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的
24.histrical adj. 与历史有关的
25.incident n .事变
26.independence n .独立
27.invade vt. 侵略
28.mnument n .纪念碑
29.muntainus adj. 多山的
30.ccupy vt. 占领；使忙碌
31.rigin n .起源；由来
32.religin n .宗教
33.religius adj. 宗教的
34.remte adj. 偏远的；偏僻的
35.racial adj. 种族的
36.revlutin n .革命
37.sacrifice vt. 牺牲
38.shrtage n .缺乏
39.shwer n .阵雨；淋浴
40.supply vt. 提供；供应；n. 供应；供给
41.terrifyvt. 使恐怖
42.urban adj. 城市的；都市的
43.weapn n .武器
44. gegraphy地理
45. mineral 矿藏，矿物质
46 .sutheastern东南方的
47.nrthwestern西北方的
48.urban architecture城市建筑
49.the art gallery艺术长廊
50.悠久历史 have a lng histry/with a lng histry
51.矿产资源 mineral resurce
52.城市规划 urban planning
53.城镇人口 urban ppulatin
54.追溯到 date back t
55.占地面积7 434 平方公里 cver an area f 7，434 square kilmetres
56.人口超过600万 have a ppulatin f ver 6 millin/with a ppulatin f mre than 6 millin...
57..2 200年的悠久历史 have a histry f 2，200 years/with a histry f 2，200 years
Part 2真题感悟
Passage 1
【真题详解】
【2020天津卷5月】
Studying a subject that yu feel pintless is never a fun r easy task. If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin "why is histry imprtant "is a very gd first step. Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
Histry grunds us in ur rts. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday. Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging, which is smething that studying yur rts and being pen-minded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
Histry enriches ur experience. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.
Histry makes us mre empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying histry can give us insight （洞察力）int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int what we knw nw. It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures. Fear and hate fr thers is usually caused by ignrance （无知）. We're scared f the things that we dn't understand. Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.
Histry can inspire us t learn mre. what's fantastic abut histry is the way it bradens ur hrizns. It's almst impssible t learn abut ne histrical perid withut having dzens f questins abut related cncepts. Study the 19th century England, and yu might catch a glimpse f Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Lk up Charles Dickens, and yu might learn a thing r tw abut realism. Or maybe yu end up switching yur attentin away frm nvels, and discver the histry f rmantic pets in England. It can g anywhere, and there is smething in there fr abslutely anybdy.
The value f histry cannt be underestimated. We dn't have t live in the past, but we can definitely d better by learning frm it and using the lessns learnt t lead mre meaningful lives.
1.The underlined part "where we are tday" in Para. 2 prbably means __________.
A. the turning pint in ur histry
B. the present state f ur natin
C. the lcatin f ur hmeland
D. the ttal area f ur cuntry
2. Accrding t the experts, why is histry useful fr peple t handle challenges f life?
A. The prblems at present are similar t thse in the past.
B. Ancient peple laid ecnmic fundatins fr peple tday.
C. The current challenges f life were predicted by the ancestrs.
D. Peple living lng time ag knew mre abut hw t slve prblems.
3. What can be cncluded frm Para.4?
A. It is difficult t get rid f cultural barriers.
B. Peple are willing t accept freign cultures.
C. Cultural cnflicts in histry are difficult t ignre.
D. Histry helps us imprve ur crss-cultural awareness.
4. With the example in Para.5, the writer intends t shw that______________.
A. Charles Dickens cntributes much t British literature.
B. Oliver Twist can satisfy ur curisity fr rmantic pets.
C. reading nvels is a way t learn abut a histrical perid.
D. studying histry can aruse peple's interest in ther fields.
5. What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A. Hw t Build Cultural Identity
B. Why Studying Histry Matters
C. Knw the Past, Knw the Present
D. Histry: a Way t Braden Hrizns
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B
【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。
1.猜测词义题。根据上句learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )int ur ancestral pasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的where we are tday指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都是一样的。有了祖先的信息，我们在处理生活中的挑战时会更有经验。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures和Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础，历史有可能打破对未知事物的恐惧和憎恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据第五段标题是 Histry can inspire us t learn mre:(历史可以激励我们学习更多),下面列举了阅读Oliver Twist的例子,通过Oliver Twist我们能去了解作者 Charles Dickens,还可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选D。
5.主旨大意题。根据第一段If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin" why is histry imprtant" is a very gd first step.提到学历史前先问自己为什么历史重要。下文分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后一段总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。故Why Studying Histry Matters?能概括全文内容。故选B。
【强重难词】
ancestral adj. 祖先的；祖传的
evlutin n. 演变；进化论；进展
insight n. 洞察力；洞悉
empathy n. 神入；移情作用；执着；感同身受；共鸣
ignrance n. 无知，愚昧；不知，不懂
underestimate vt. 低估；看轻n. 低估
definitely adv. 清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地
cncept n. 观念，概念
switch yur attentin 转换注意力
feel pintless觉得毫无意义
human civilizatin人类文明
Histry grunds us in ur rts 历史扎根于我们
have the ptential t d sth.有潜力做…
reflect n仔细考虑，思考；反省；回想，回顾；怀疑
【析长难句】
1. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
【解析】这是一个主从复合句。that引导的是一个定语从句，它做从句的主语，整个定语从句修饰前面的smething；r连接的是两个并列谓语，即find smething here和 get yu thinking abut ……。
【译文】“你会在这里发现一些会引起你的兴趣或让你思考历史意义的东西。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday.
【解析】这是一个主从复合句。and连接的是两个并列句Histry is an ……和 learning the histry …..；其中第二个并列句中又有一个and连接的hw we gt t where we are tday.的宾语从句。
【译文】“历史是一个重要而有趣的研究领域，学习我们祖国的历史可以让我们更深刻、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，以及我们是如何走到今天的。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag
【解析】这是一个主从复合句。主句中的an amazing experience是令人吃惊的经历，because引导的是原因状语从句，其中reflect n是反思的意思。
【译文】阅读历史是一种奇妙的体验，因为它能让我们反思很久以前人们的社会和经济生活。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2
【真题详解】
【2020·全国新课标3】
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.
28. Wh mainly uses the grund flr in the Victrian huse in Bristl?
A. Nick. B. Rita.C. KathrynD. The daughters.
29. What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in -law?
A. Psitive.B. Carefree.C. Tlerant.D. Unwilling.
30. What is the authr’s statement abut multigeneratinal family based n?
A. Family traditins.B. Financial reprts. C. Published statistics. D. Public pinins.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
【答案】
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
28.细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。
29.推理判断题。根据第五段“And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。
30.细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。
31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。
【强重难词】
islatin n.孤独
multigeneratinal adj. 几代人的
indicate v. 表明；指示，显示
varieties f 各种各样的
be mre firmly rted in 深深地扎根于
frm my standpint,从我的立场来看
flat the idea 提出一个想法
【析长难句】
1. Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf.
【解析】破折号后的— ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf.是对前一句的解释；living tgether under the same rf为现在分词作状语修饰前面的families。
【译文】四年前，他们全都搬进了布里斯托尔的一栋三层维多利亚式住宅——英国越来越多的几世同堂的家庭之一。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
【解析】With the yung unable t ….是with+n.+t d…的复合结构，做状语。
【译文】由于年轻人无法负担离开家的费用和老年人面临的孤独，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted.
【解析】where引导的定语从句修饰前面的parts f the wrld。
【译文】这样的故事在世界上多代人生活更为常见，而且多代人同住的观念在这些地区的人中根深蒂固。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Part 3专题强化
Passage 1【真题自测】
【2018年新课标卷III】
Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River. Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time. Bm twns grw frm nthing almst vernight. In 1896, Dawsn, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gld was discvered there in 1897, and tw years later, it was ne f the largest cities in the West, with a ppulatin f 30,000.
Dawsn did nt have any f the natural cnveniences f cities like Lndn r Paris. Peple went there fr gld. They travelled ver snw-cvered muntains and sailed hundreds f miles up icy rivers. The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw that culd fall withut warming. An avalanche(雪崩) nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple. Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.
But n matter hw rich they were, Dawsn was never cmfrtable. Necessities like fd and wd were very expensive. But sn, the gld that Dawsn depended n had all been fund. The city was crwded with disappinted peple with n interest in settling dwn, and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme. Tday, peple still cme and g — t see where the Canadian gld rush happened. Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762.
24. What attracted the early settlers t New Yrk City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small ppulatin.
C. Its gegraphical psitin.
D. Its favurable climate.
25. What d we knw abut thse wh first dug fr gld in Dawsn?
A. Tw-thirds f them stayed there.
B. One ut f five peple gt rich.
C. Almst everyne gave up.
D. Half f them died.
26. What was the main reasn fr many peple t leave Dawsn?
A. They fund the city t crwded.
B. They wanted t try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable t stand the winter.
D. They were shrt f fd.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The rise and fall f a city.
B. The gld rush in Canada.
C. Jurneys int the wilderness.
D. Turism in Dawsn.
【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawsn这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。
24.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。
26.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme.可知，人们离开Dawsn的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。
27.A 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawsn这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawsn这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。
Passage 2【真题自测】
【2017浙江卷】
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cjchru feels hurt. The Mldvan has lived here seven years as a caregiver t Italian kids and elderly, but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test which requires her t write a pstcard t an imaginary friend and answer a fictinal jb ad.
Italy is the latest Western Eurpean cuntry trying t cntrl a grwing immigrant(移民) ppulatin by demanding language skills in exchange fr wrk permits, r in sme cases, citizenship.
Sme immigrant advcates wrry that as hard financial times make it mre difficult fr natives t keep jbs, such measures will becme mre a vehicle fr intlerance than integratin(融合). Others say it’s nly natural that newcmers learn the language f their hst natin, seeing it as a cnditin t ensure they can cntribute t sciety.
Other Eurpean cuntries laid dwn a similar requirement fr immigrants, and sme terms are even tugher. The gvernments argue that this will help freigners better jin the sciety and prmte understanding acrss cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker traditin f immigratin, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigratin in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered sme 1.14 millin ut f Italy’s then 56.7 millin peple, r abut 2 percent. At the start f this year, freigners living in Italy amunted t 4.56 millin f a ttal ppulatin f 60.6 millin, r 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accunting fr an ever larger percentage f births in Italy.
Cjchru, the Mldvan caregiver, hped btaining permanent residence(居住权) wuld help her bring her tw children t Italy; they live with her sister in Mldva, where salaries are amng the lwest in Eurpe. She was skeptical that the language requirement wuld encurage integratin.
Italians always ＂see me as a freigner,＂ an utsider, even thugh she’s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently, she said.
28. Why des Cjchru have t take a language test?
A. T cntinue t stay in Italy.
B. T teach her children Italian.
C. T find a better jb in Italy.
D. T better mix with the Italians.
29. Sme peple wrry that the new language requirement may ________.
A. reduce Italy’s ppulatin quickly
B. cause cnflicts amng peple
C. lead t financial difficulties
D. put pressure n schls
30. What d we knw abut Cjchru?
A. She lives with her sister nw in Italy.
B. She enjys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enugh fr her jb.
D. She wishes t g back t her hme cuntry.
【话题解读】本文属于历史与地理等紧密结合的文章。首先叙述了一个叫Svetlana Cjchru的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利，但为了能够继续留在意大利，她必须进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对外来人进行语言测试的原因以及对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉我们Cjchru的居住现状：工资水平很低，而且虽然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。
30.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的＂even thugh she’s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently＂可知Cjchru的意大利语已经说的得很流利了，故选C。
Passage 3【新题模拟】
（2021·吉林长春市·高三一模） Rme wasn't built in a day. And neither was the Rman subway system. Undergrund wrk is slw ging, because cnstructin wrkers ften meet with fresces(壁画) and ther valuable stne fundatins thusands f years ag. And a few years ag, they fund the wden fundatins f a luxurius prch frm a Rman building.
S lcal archaelgists called in Maur Bernabei f the Natinal Research Cuncil f Italy. He's a dendrchrnlgist: smene wh analyzes tree rings, which give age and envirnmental infrmatin.
"We have t study wd because it's full, really full, f infrmatin!" Bernabei and his team fund that the wden planks were ak(橡木). But the wd's rigin was harder t determine. S they cmpared the tree rings in the ak flr t thse available in libraries f tree rings that cntain timber frm all ver Eurpe. And they fund a match fr the Rman wd—frm the Jura regin f eastern France, mre than 600 miles away.
The researchers als determined that it was used in abut 40 t 60 B．C．And sme came frm trees already up t 300 years ld when they were cut dwn. The details are in the jurnal PLOS ONE.
The discvery is the first clear evidence f ak frm nrth f the Alps being used t build ancient Rme. And it's a reminder that the Rmans had a cmplex trading netwrk. These trees, fr example, likely flated dwn tw rivers, acrss the Mediterranean and up anther river t Rme.
Bernabei says Rman archaelgists usually destry ancient wd—it's nt as valuable as jewelry and vases and frescs. But he's hping this study might change their minds."Save the wd, yes! And call me,if yu dn't want t save—please, call me!"He says.
1．Why des the subway in Rme g slwly?
A．It is hard t dig up the earth in Rme.
B．There are many ancient ruins buried here.
C．It is very dangerus t wrk t fast in Rme
D．The Rman are nt experienced in building subways
2．What can peple learn frm the wd fundatins?
A．The wealth in ancient Rme
B．The trading infrmatin f ancient Rme
C．The culture f ancient Rme
D．The scial relatins f ancient Rme
3．What des the underlined wrd in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．The stne B．The subway
C．The French wd D．The Rman fundatin
4．What is the main idea f this passage?
A．Scientists fund sme infrmatin abut ancient Rme
B．Wd was nt as valuable as stnes in ancient Rme
C．Only the rich peple in ancient Rme culd use wd
D．Ancient Rme culd have a rich trading netwrk.
【答案】
1．B2．B3．C4．A
【分析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗马的贸易信息。
1．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Undergrund wrk is slw ging, because cnstructin wrkers ften meet with fresces(壁画) and ther valuable stne fundatins thusands f years ag.”（地下工程进展缓慢，因为建筑工人经常会遇到几千年前的壁画和其他有价值的石头地基）可知，罗马地铁建设进展缓慢是因为地下埋藏着许多古代遗迹，故选B。
2．
细节理解题。根据第五段“And it's a reminder that the Rmans had a cmplex trading
netwrk.”（这也提醒我们罗马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，从木地基中我们能够了解到古罗马的贸易信息，故选B。
3．
词句猜测题。根据第三段“And they fund a match fr the Rman wd—frm the Jura regin f eastern France, mre than 600 miles away.”可知，他们在600多英里外的法国东部朱拉地区发现了一种罗马木材的匹配物，此处承接上文，说的是研究人员还确定，在法国发现的这种木材在大约公元前40年至60年间曾被使用过，由此可知，it指代的就是上文提到的法国木材，故选C。
4．
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“And a few years ag, they fund the wden fundatins f a luxurius prch frm a Rman building.”（几年前，他们在一座深埋地下的古罗马建筑的豪华门廊上发现了木制地基）及第五段“And it's a reminder that the Rmans had a cmplex trading netwrk.”（这也提醒我们罗马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，本文主要介绍的是科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗马的贸易信息，故选A。
Passage 4【新题模拟】
（2021·浙江高三月考） The Glbe was built in 1599 using timber frm an earlier theatre, The Theatre, which had been built by Richard Burbage’s father, James Burbage, in Shreditch in 1576. The first perfrmance fr which a firm recrd remains was Jnsn’s Every Man ut f His Humur — with its first scene welcming the “gracius and kind spectatrs” — at the end f the year.
On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII. A theatrical gun, set ff during the perfrmance, misfired, burning the wden beams and straws. Accrding t ne f the few surviving dcuments f the event, n ne was hurt except a man whse burning breeches (炮后膛) were put ut with a bttle f ale. It was rebuilt in the fllwing year.
Like all the ther theatres in Lndn, the Glbe was clsed dwn by the Puritans in 1642. It was pulled dwn in 1644, r slightly later — the cmmnly cited dcument dating the act t 15 April 1644 has been identified as false — t make rm fr ther buildings.
A mdern recnstructin f the theatre, named “Shakespeare’s Glbe”, pened in 1997, with a prductin f Henry V. It is an academic apprximatin f the riginal design, based n available evidence f the 1599 and 1614 buildings, and is lcated apprximately 750 feet (230m) frm the site f the riginal theatre.
5．Hw did the Glbe Theatre begin t be n fire n 29 June 1613?
A．It was set fire t by a perfrmer by design.
B．It caught fire by accident during a play.
C．A man put ut breeches with a bttle f ale.
D．It was started by wden beams and straws.
6．In what rder is the text arranged?
A．Time B．Space C．Imprtance D．Flashback
7．Accrding t the passage all the plays were perfrmed in the Glbe Theatre EXCEPT ________.
A．James Burbage. B．Every Man ut f His Humur
C．Henry VIII. D．Henry V
8．The passage is mainly abut ________.
A．The ppularity f the Glbe Theatre.
B．The cnstructin f the Glbe Theatre.
C．The functin f the Glbe Theatre.
D．The histry f the Glbe Theatre.
【答案】
5．B6．A7．A8．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，文章按时间顺序介绍了英国环球剧院的历史。
5．
细节理解题。由第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII. A theatrical gun, set ff during the perfrmance, misfired, burning the wden beams and straws.”（1613年6月29日，在《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了。一支戏剧用的枪，在演出中引爆，没有打出子弹，烧了木梁和稻草）可知，环球剧院是在一场戏中因为枪走火了才意外着火了。故选B项。
6．
推理判断题。由第一段中的“The Glbe was built in 1599 using timber frm an earlier theatre, The Theatre, which had been built by Richard Burbage’s father, James Burbage, in Shreditch in 1576.”（环球剧院是在1599年用一个早期剧院的木材建造的，这个剧院是由Richard Burbage的父亲James Burbage1576年在肖尔迪奇建造的），第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII.”（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了），第三段中的“Like all the ther theatres in Lndn, the Glbe was clsed dwn by the Puritans in 1642.
It was pulled dwn in 1644, r slightly later — the cmmnly cited dcument dating the act t 15 April 1644 has been identified as false — t make rm fr ther buildings.”（像伦敦所有其他剧院一样，环球剧院在1642年被清教徒关闭。它是在1644年或者稍晚些时候被拆除的——通常被引用的文件将该法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被认定为虚假文件——为其他建筑腾出空间）以及最后一段中的“A mdern recnstructin f the theatre, named “Shakespeare’s Glbe”, pened in 1997, with a prductin f Henry V.”（剧院的现代重建，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》），结合时间状语可知，文章是按时间顺序发展的。故选A项。
7．
细节理解题。由第一段中的“The first perfrmance fr which a firm recrd remains was Jnsn’s Every Man ut f His Humur ”（第一个保持稳定记录的表演是琼森的《每个人都失去了他的幽默感》），第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII.”（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了。）和最后一段中的“A mdern recnstructin f the theatre, named “Shakespeare’s Glbe”, pened in 1997, with a prductin f Henry V.”（剧院的现代重建，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》。），可知环球剧院上演过《每个人都失去了他的幽默感》、《亨利八世》和《亨利五世》，James Burbage不是戏剧，并未在环球剧院演出。故选A项。
8．
主旨大意题。由第一段中的“The Glbe was built in 1599 using timber frm an earlier theatre, The Theatre, which had been built by Richard Burbage’s father, James Burbage, in Shreditch in 1576.”（环球剧院是在1599年用一个早期剧院的木材建造的，这个剧院是由Richard Burbage的父亲James Burbage1576年在肖尔迪奇建造的。），第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII.”（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了。），第三段中的“Like all the ther theatres in Lndn, the Glbe was clsed dwn by the Puritans in 1642. It was pulled dwn in 1644, r slightly later — the cmmnly cited dcument dating the act t 15 April 1644 has been identified as false — t make rm fr ther
buildings.”（像伦敦所有其他剧院一样，环球剧院在1642年被清教徒关闭。它是在1644年被拆除的，或者稍晚些时候被拆除的——通常被引用的文件将该法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被认定为虚假文件——为其他建筑腾出空间。），最后一段中的“A mdern recnstructin f the theatre, named “Shakespeare’s Glbe”, pened in 1997, with a prductin f Henry V.”（剧院的现代重建，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》）可知，文章按时间顺序介绍了环球剧院的历史。故选D项。
Passage 5【新题模拟】
（2021·上海普陀区·高三一模）The Victrians’ Way f Having Fun
Whether it was visiting a human z, taking a bull n a ht-air balln ride, r singing beautiful sngs, Victrian Lndners lved t have fun. As perfrmance managers came up with increasingly well-designed ways t make mney frm the capital’s huge ptential audience, Victrians effectively invented the mdern leisure industry – including theme parks, pubs and prfessinal ftball. As a new bk by histrian Lee Jacksn explains, the hunt fr prfit invlves surrunding mrality, class and empire. S where did Victrians g fr fun? And what still exists tday?
Dancing Rms: Argyll Rms, Piccadilly
It’s nw a building site near Leicester Square, but when the Argyll Rms lst its licence in 1878, there was a rit (暴乱). Drunken students were s angry at the clsure f their favurite place that they tk t the streets. The Argyll clsed as the dance craze came t an end, and Bignell turned the space int the Trcader music hall. It kept that name thrugh the 20th century when it was transfrmed int ne f Lndn’s mst tasteless turist attractins. The site currently awaits develpment int a htel.
Pleasure gardens: Gremrne Gardens, Chelsea
Gremrne was run by three West End pub wners, ppular amng the yung peple then. It clsed in 1877 after lsing its licence. Pleasure gardens mre generally lst their meaning f existence with the establishment f public parks. Lndn’s rapid grwth meant the valuable land was usually sld t big cmpanies fr ther purpses, which is why s little f Lndn’s great pleasure gardens remain.
Pleasure gardens were als vershadwed by larger exhibitin grunds such as the Crystal Palace, which tried t find a way f balancing entertainment with cultural educatin. Little physically remains f the Crystal Palace itself, which mved t Sydenham frm Hyde Park in 1854, but the grand 200-acre grunds still exist as a public park.
On the site f the Methdist Central Hall was a shrt-lived attractin that attempted t transprt the seaside t central Lndn. It was railways that made Margate and Suthend accessible t Lndners, and sme f the leisure activities peculiar t the seaside sn made it back t the capital.Ftball grunds: Craven Cttage, Stevenage Rad, Fulham Fulham FC, Lndn’s ldest prfessinal ftball club, still wrks at their first grund, built by the Victrians in 1896. Versins f the sprt had been arund fr centuries, but it was the Victrians wh created the game and then prfessinalized it. This led t enclsed grunds where spectatrs paid fr admittance, with the incme spent n acquiring new players. The mdern game was brn.
9．Which f the fllwing is nt similar in meaning t “tk t the streets” in Para. 2?
A．gathered tgether in the streets B．enjyed windw shpping
C．went utside n the streets D．prtested n the streets
10．The reasn why fewer great pleasure gardens are left in Lndn is that .
A．peple built mre factries B．they were turned int farming land
C．the land was sld t develpers D．they became university campuses
11．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．The mney frm ftball is used t buy new players.
B．Lndn has much n its ftball histry.
C．Fulham F.C．is mre than 200 years ld.
D．The Victrians have cultivated many ftballers.
12．Which f the fllwing is the main idea f this passage?
A．The building f railways led t the theme parks.
B．The West End’s gardens became big htels.
C．The Victrians largely invented mdern leisure industries.
D．The incme frm mdern ftball supprts new players.
【答案】
9．B10．C11．B12．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球一些休闲产业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休闲产业的深远影响。
9．
词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句的前文背景介绍“…when the Argyll Rms lst its licence in 1878, there was a rit”可知，（1878年，Argyll Rms失去了营业执照，引发了一场骚乱，）这次骚乱应是知划线短语所在句内容“Drunken students were s angry at the clsure f their favurite place that they tk t the streets.”，由此可推知，“they tk t the streets”应是与“骚乱”表达含义一致，骚乱一般是指“聚集游行示威”类活动，即选项A“gathered tgether in the streets(聚集在街上)”，选项C“went utside n the streets(走到外面的街道上)”和选项D“prtested n the streets(上街抗议)”符合分析，可作划线短语的同义表达。选项B“enjyed windw shpping”意为“喜欢逛街”，不能视作为“骚乱”。故选B项。
10．
细节理解题。根据文章Pleasure gardens: Gremrne Gardens, Chelsea部分第1段内容“Lndn’s rapid grwth meant the valuable land was usually sld t big cmpanies fr ther purpses, which is why s little f Lndn’s great pleasure gardens remain.”(伦敦的快速发展意味着宝贵的土地通常被卖给大公司做其他用途，这就是为什么伦敦的大花园很少被保留下来的原因。)可知，伦敦的大花园很少被保留下来的原因是宝贵的土地通
常被卖给大公司做其他用途。故选C项。
11．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“Fulham FC, Lndn’s ldest prfessinal ftball club, still wrks at their first grund, built by the Victrians in 1896. Versins f the sprt had been arund fr centuries, but it was the Victrians wh created the game and then prfessinalized it. This led t enclsed grunds where spectatrs paid fr admittance, with the incme spent n acquiring new players. The mdern game was brn.(富勒姆足球俱乐部，伦敦最古老的职业足球俱乐部，仍然在他们的第一个场地工作，这是维多利亚时代的人在1896年建造的。这项运动的版本已经存在了几个世纪，但是是维多利亚时代的人创造了这项运动，然后将其职业化。这导致了封闭的场地，观众支付入场费，收入用于购买新球员。现代游戏诞生了。)”可知，富勒姆足球俱乐部存在已久，这个俱乐部见证了伦敦的足球运动始于维多利亚时代，并一直发展成为现代足球。由此可推知，伦敦的足球历史很悠久。故选B项。
12．
主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章结构为总分结构，文章第一段内容“As perfrmance managers came up with increasingly well-designed ways t make mney frm the capital’s huge ptential audience, Victrians effectively invented the mdern leisure industry – including theme parks, pubs and prfessinal ftball.(随着绩效管理人员想出越来越精心设计的方法，从首都巨大的潜在观众身上赚钱，维多利亚时代的人实际上发明了现代休闲产业——包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球。)”应是本文的主题句，即，文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球一些现代休闲产业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休闲产业的深远影响。选项C “The Victrians largely invented mdern leisure industries.(维多利亚时代在很大程度上发明了现代休闲产业。)”合理概括了文章的主旨要义。故选C项。
序号
内容
Part 1
题型总览
题型综述 技巧点拨 读相关词
Part 2
真题感悟
真题详解 强重难词 析长难句..
Part 3
专题强化
真题自测 新题模拟
Part 1题型总览
【题型综述】
史地人文类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况。文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代。本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。通过这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。
【技巧点拨】
命题以细节题为主，有一定的主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。
【读相关词】
1. attackvt.进攻；袭击
2. disappear vi.消失→ disappearancen.消失；失踪
3. escape vi.逃跑
4. feedvt.喂养；饲养；靠……为生；向……提供
5. lcal adj.当地的→ lcate vt.把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于) → lcatin n.地点；位置
6. native adj.本地的；本国的
7. raise vt.饲养；提高
8. range n.山脉；vi.排列；延伸
9. ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭
10. strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到
11. threaten vt.威胁；恐吓→ threat n.威胁
12.ablish vt. 废除
13.aggressin n.侵略→ aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的
14.betray vt. 出卖；泄露机密
15.distribute vt. 发放；分发→ distributin n.分配；配给
16.drught n .干旱
17.dynasty n .朝代
18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发→ eruptinn.爆发
19.frighten vt. 使惊恐→ frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→ frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的
20.fggy adj. 有雾的→ fg n.雾
21.freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的→ freezevi.&vt.将……冷冻，冻僵→ frzen adj.结冰的，冷冻的
22.gegraphy n .地理
23.histric adj. 历史的；有历史意义的→ histry n.历史→ histrical adj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的
24.histrical adj. 与历史有关的
25.incident n .事变
26.independence n .独立
27.invade vt. 侵略
28.mnument n .纪念碑
29.muntainus adj. 多山的
30.ccupy vt. 占领；使忙碌
31.rigin n .起源；由来
32.religin n .宗教
33.religius adj. 宗教的
34.remte adj. 偏远的；偏僻的
35.racial adj. 种族的
36.revlutin n .革命
37.sacrifice vt. 牺牲
38.shrtage n .缺乏
39.shwer n .阵雨；淋浴
40.supply vt. 提供；供应；n. 供应；供给
41.terrifyvt. 使恐怖
42.urban adj. 城市的；都市的
43.weapn n .武器
44. gegraphy地理
45. mineral 矿藏，矿物质
46 .sutheastern东南方的
47.nrthwestern西北方的
48.urban architecture城市建筑
49.the art gallery艺术长廊
50.悠久历史 have a lng histry/with a lng histry
51.矿产资源 mineral resurce
52.城市规划 urban planning
53.城镇人口 urban ppulatin
54.追溯到 date back t
55.占地面积7 434 平方公里 cver an area f 7，434 square kilmetres
56.人口超过600万 have a ppulatin f ver 6 millin/with a ppulatin f mre than 6 millin...
57..2 200年的悠久历史 have a histry f 2，200 years/with a histry f 2，200 years
Part 2真题感悟
Passage 1
【真题详解】
【2020天津卷5月】
Studying a subject that yu feel pintless is never a fun r easy task. If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin "why is histry imprtant "is a very gd first step. Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
Histry grunds us in ur rts. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday. Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging, which is smething that studying yur rts and being pen-minded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
Histry enriches ur experience. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.
Histry makes us mre empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying histry can give us insight （洞察力）int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int what we knw nw. It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures. Fear and hate fr thers is usually caused by ignrance （无知）. We're scared f the things that we dn't understand. Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.
Histry can inspire us t learn mre. what's fantastic abut histry is the way it bradens ur hrizns. It's almst impssible t learn abut ne histrical perid withut having dzens f questins abut related cncepts. Study the 19th century England, and yu might catch a glimpse f Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Lk up Charles Dickens, and yu might learn a thing r tw abut realism. Or maybe yu end up switching yur attentin away frm nvels, and discver the histry f rmantic pets in England. It can g anywhere, and there is smething in there fr abslutely anybdy.
The value f histry cannt be underestimated. We dn't have t live in the past, but we can definitely d better by learning frm it and using the lessns learnt t lead mre meaningful lives.
1.The underlined part "where we are tday" in Para. 2 prbably means __________.
A. the turning pint in ur histry
B. the present state f ur natin
C. the lcatin f ur hmeland
D. the ttal area f ur cuntry
2. Accrding t the experts, why is histry useful fr peple t handle challenges f life?
A. The prblems at present are similar t thse in the past.
B. Ancient peple laid ecnmic fundatins fr peple tday.
C. The current challenges f life were predicted by the ancestrs.
D. Peple living lng time ag knew mre abut hw t slve prblems.
3. What can be cncluded frm Para.4?
A. It is difficult t get rid f cultural barriers.
B. Peple are willing t accept freign cultures.
C. Cultural cnflicts in histry are difficult t ignre.
D. Histry helps us imprve ur crss-cultural awareness.
4. With the example in Para.5, the writer intends t shw that______________.
A. Charles Dickens cntributes much t British literature.
B. Oliver Twist can satisfy ur curisity fr rmantic pets.
C. reading nvels is a way t learn abut a histrical perid.
D. studying histry can aruse peple's interest in ther fields.
5. What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A. Hw t Build Cultural Identity
B. Why Studying Histry Matters
C. Knw the Past, Knw the Present
D. Histry: a Way t Braden Hrizns
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B
【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。
1.猜测词义题。根据上句learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )int ur ancestral pasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的where we are tday指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都是一样的。有了祖先的信息，我们在处理生活中的挑战时会更有经验。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures和Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础，历史有可能打破对未知事物的恐惧和憎恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据第五段标题是 Histry can inspire us t learn mre:(历史可以激励我们学习更多),下面列举了阅读Oliver Twist的例子,通过Oliver Twist我们能去了解作者 Charles Dickens,还可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选D。
5.主旨大意题。根据第一段If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin" why is histry imprtant" is a very gd first step.提到学历史前先问自己为什么历史重要。下文分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后一段总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。故Why Studying Histry Matters?能概括全文内容。故选B。
【强重难词】
ancestral adj. 祖先的；祖传的
evlutin n. 演变；进化论；进展
insight n. 洞察力；洞悉
empathy n. 神入；移情作用；执着；感同身受；共鸣
ignrance n. 无知，愚昧；不知，不懂
underestimate vt. 低估；看轻n. 低估
definitely adv. 清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地
cncept n. 观念，概念
switch yur attentin 转换注意力
feel pintless觉得毫无意义
human civilizatin人类文明
Histry grunds us in ur rts 历史扎根于我们
have the ptential t d sth.有潜力做…
reflect n仔细考虑，思考；反省；回想，回顾；怀疑
【析长难句】
1. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
【解析】这是一个主从复合句。that引导的是一个定语从句，它做从句的主语，整个定语从句修饰前面的smething；r连接的是两个并列谓语，即find smething here和 get yu thinking abut ……。
【译文】“你会在这里发现一些会引起你的兴趣或让你思考历史意义的东西。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday.
【解析】这是一个主从复合句。and连接的是两个并列句Histry is an ……和 learning the histry …..；其中第二个并列句中又有一个and连接的hw we gt t where we are tday.的宾语从句。
【译文】“历史是一个重要而有趣的研究领域，学习我们祖国的历史可以让我们更深刻、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，以及我们是如何走到今天的。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag
【解析】这是一个主从复合句。主句中的an amazing experience是令人吃惊的经历，because引导的是原因状语从句，其中reflect n是反思的意思。
【译文】阅读历史是一种奇妙的体验，因为它能让我们反思很久以前人们的社会和经济生活。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2
【真题详解】
【2020·全国新课标3】
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.
28. Wh mainly uses the grund flr in the Victrian huse in Bristl?
A. Nick. B. Rita.C. KathrynD. The daughters.
29. What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in -law?
A. Psitive.B. Carefree.C. Tlerant.D. Unwilling.
30. What is the authr’s statement abut multigeneratinal family based n?
A. Family traditins.B. Financial reprts. C. Published statistics. D. Public pinins.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
【答案】
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
28.细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。
29.推理判断题。根据第五段“And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。
30.细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。
31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。
【强重难词】
islatin n.孤独
multigeneratinal adj. 几代人的
indicate v. 表明；指示，显示
varieties f 各种各样的
be mre firmly rted in 深深地扎根于
frm my standpint,从我的立场来看
flat the idea 提出一个想法
【析长难句】
1. Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf.
【解析】破折号后的— ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf.是对前一句的解释；living tgether under the same rf为现在分词作状语修饰前面的families。
【译文】四年前，他们全都搬进了布里斯托尔的一栋三层维多利亚式住宅——英国越来越多的几世同堂的家庭之一。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
【解析】With the yung unable t ….是with+n.+t d…的复合结构，做状语。
【译文】由于年轻人无法负担离开家的费用和老年人面临的孤独，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted.
【解析】where引导的定语从句修饰前面的parts f the wrld。
【译文】这样的故事在世界上多代人生活更为常见，而且多代人同住的观念在这些地区的人中根深蒂固。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Part 3专题强化
Passage 1【真题自测】
【2018年新课标卷III】
Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River. Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time. Bm twns grw frm nthing almst vernight. In 1896, Dawsn, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gld was discvered there in 1897, and tw years later, it was ne f the largest cities in the West, with a ppulatin f 30,000.
Dawsn did nt have any f the natural cnveniences f cities like Lndn r Paris. Peple went there fr gld. They travelled ver snw-cvered muntains and sailed hundreds f miles up icy rivers. The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw that culd fall withut warming. An avalanche(雪崩) nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple. Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.
But n matter hw rich they were, Dawsn was never cmfrtable. Necessities like fd and wd were very expensive. But sn, the gld that Dawsn depended n had all been fund. The city was crwded with disappinted peple with n interest in settling dwn, and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme. Tday, peple still cme and g — t see where the Canadian gld rush happened. Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762.
24. What attracted the early settlers t New Yrk City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small ppulatin.
C. Its gegraphical psitin.
D. Its favurable climate.
25. What d we knw abut thse wh first dug fr gld in Dawsn?
A. Tw-thirds f them stayed there.
B. One ut f five peple gt rich.
C. Almst everyne gave up.
D. Half f them died.
26. What was the main reasn fr many peple t leave Dawsn?
A. They fund the city t crwded.
B. They wanted t try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable t stand the winter.
D. They were shrt f fd.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The rise and fall f a city.
B. The gld rush in Canada.
C. Jurneys int the wilderness.
D. Turism in Dawsn.
【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawsn这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。
24.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。
26.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme.可知，人们离开Dawsn的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。
27.A 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawsn这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawsn这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。
Passage 2【真题自测】
【2017浙江卷】
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cjchru feels hurt. The Mldvan has lived here seven years as a caregiver t Italian kids and elderly, but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test which requires her t write a pstcard t an imaginary friend and answer a fictinal jb ad.
Italy is the latest Western Eurpean cuntry trying t cntrl a grwing immigrant(移民) ppulatin by demanding language skills in exchange fr wrk permits, r in sme cases, citizenship.
Sme immigrant advcates wrry that as hard financial times make it mre difficult fr natives t keep jbs, such measures will becme mre a vehicle fr intlerance than integratin(融合). Others say it’s nly natural that newcmers learn the language f their hst natin, seeing it as a cnditin t ensure they can cntribute t sciety.
Other Eurpean cuntries laid dwn a similar requirement fr immigrants, and sme terms are even tugher. The gvernments argue that this will help freigners better jin the sciety and prmte understanding acrss cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker traditin f immigratin, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigratin in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered sme 1.14 millin ut f Italy’s then 56.7 millin peple, r abut 2 percent. At the start f this year, freigners living in Italy amunted t 4.56 millin f a ttal ppulatin f 60.6 millin, r 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accunting fr an ever larger percentage f births in Italy.
Cjchru, the Mldvan caregiver, hped btaining permanent residence(居住权) wuld help her bring her tw children t Italy; they live with her sister in Mldva, where salaries are amng the lwest in Eurpe. She was skeptical that the language requirement wuld encurage integratin.
Italians always ＂see me as a freigner,＂ an utsider, even thugh she’s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently, she said.
28. Why des Cjchru have t take a language test?
A. T cntinue t stay in Italy.
B. T teach her children Italian.
C. T find a better jb in Italy.
D. T better mix with the Italians.
29. Sme peple wrry that the new language requirement may ________.
A. reduce Italy’s ppulatin quickly
B. cause cnflicts amng peple
C. lead t financial difficulties
D. put pressure n schls
30. What d we knw abut Cjchru?
A. She lives with her sister nw in Italy.
B. She enjys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enugh fr her jb.
D. She wishes t g back t her hme cuntry.
【话题解读】本文属于历史与地理等紧密结合的文章。首先叙述了一个叫Svetlana Cjchru的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利，但为了能够继续留在意大利，她必须进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对外来人进行语言测试的原因以及对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉我们Cjchru的居住现状：工资水平很低，而且虽然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。
30.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的＂even thugh she’s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently＂可知Cjchru的意大利语已经说的得很流利了，故选C。
Passage 3【新题模拟】
（2021·吉林长春市·高三一模） Rme wasn't built in a day. And neither was the Rman subway system. Undergrund wrk is slw ging, because cnstructin wrkers ften meet with fresces(壁画) and ther valuable stne fundatins thusands f years ag. And a few years ag, they fund the wden fundatins f a luxurius prch frm a Rman building.
S lcal archaelgists called in Maur Bernabei f the Natinal Research Cuncil f Italy. He's a dendrchrnlgist: smene wh analyzes tree rings, which give age and envirnmental infrmatin.
"We have t study wd because it's full, really full, f infrmatin!" Bernabei and his team fund that the wden planks were ak(橡木). But the wd's rigin was harder t determine. S they cmpared the tree rings in the ak flr t thse available in libraries f tree rings that cntain timber frm all ver Eurpe. And they fund a match fr the Rman wd—frm the Jura regin f eastern France, mre than 600 miles away.
The researchers als determined that it was used in abut 40 t 60 B．C．And sme came frm trees already up t 300 years ld when they were cut dwn. The details are in the jurnal PLOS ONE.
The discvery is the first clear evidence f ak frm nrth f the Alps being used t build ancient Rme. And it's a reminder that the Rmans had a cmplex trading netwrk. These trees, fr example, likely flated dwn tw rivers, acrss the Mediterranean and up anther river t Rme.
Bernabei says Rman archaelgists usually destry ancient wd—it's nt as valuable as jewelry and vases and frescs. But he's hping this study might change their minds."Save the wd, yes! And call me,if yu dn't want t save—please, call me!"He says.
1．Why des the subway in Rme g slwly?
A．It is hard t dig up the earth in Rme.
B．There are many ancient ruins buried here.
C．It is very dangerus t wrk t fast in Rme
D．The Rman are nt experienced in building subways
2．What can peple learn frm the wd fundatins?
A．The wealth in ancient Rme
B．The trading infrmatin f ancient Rme
C．The culture f ancient Rme
D．The scial relatins f ancient Rme
3．What des the underlined wrd in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．The stne B．The subway
C．The French wd D．The Rman fundatin
4．What is the main idea f this passage?
A．Scientists fund sme infrmatin abut ancient Rme
B．Wd was nt as valuable as stnes in ancient Rme
C．Only the rich peple in ancient Rme culd use wd
D．Ancient Rme culd have a rich trading netwrk.
【答案】
1．B2．B3．C4．A
【分析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗马的贸易信息。
1．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Undergrund wrk is slw ging, because cnstructin wrkers ften meet with fresces(壁画) and ther valuable stne fundatins thusands f years ag.”（地下工程进展缓慢，因为建筑工人经常会遇到几千年前的壁画和其他有价值的石头地基）可知，罗马地铁建设进展缓慢是因为地下埋藏着许多古代遗迹，故选B。
2．
细节理解题。根据第五段“And it's a reminder that the Rmans had a cmplex trading
netwrk.”（这也提醒我们罗马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，从木地基中我们能够了解到古罗马的贸易信息，故选B。
3．
词句猜测题。根据第三段“And they fund a match fr the Rman wd—frm the Jura regin f eastern France, mre than 600 miles away.”可知，他们在600多英里外的法国东部朱拉地区发现了一种罗马木材的匹配物，此处承接上文，说的是研究人员还确定，在法国发现的这种木材在大约公元前40年至60年间曾被使用过，由此可知，it指代的就是上文提到的法国木材，故选C。
4．
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“And a few years ag, they fund the wden fundatins f a luxurius prch frm a Rman building.”（几年前，他们在一座深埋地下的古罗马建筑的豪华门廊上发现了木制地基）及第五段“And it's a reminder that the Rmans had a cmplex trading netwrk.”（这也提醒我们罗马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，本文主要介绍的是科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗马的贸易信息，故选A。
Passage 4【新题模拟】
（2021·浙江高三月考） The Glbe was built in 1599 using timber frm an earlier theatre, The Theatre, which had been built by Richard Burbage’s father, James Burbage, in Shreditch in 1576. The first perfrmance fr which a firm recrd remains was Jnsn’s Every Man ut f His Humur — with its first scene welcming the “gracius and kind spectatrs” — at the end f the year.
On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII. A theatrical gun, set ff during the perfrmance, misfired, burning the wden beams and straws. Accrding t ne f the few surviving dcuments f the event, n ne was hurt except a man whse burning breeches (炮后膛) were put ut with a bttle f ale. It was rebuilt in the fllwing year.
Like all the ther theatres in Lndn, the Glbe was clsed dwn by the Puritans in 1642. It was pulled dwn in 1644, r slightly later — the cmmnly cited dcument dating the act t 15 April 1644 has been identified as false — t make rm fr ther buildings.
A mdern recnstructin f the theatre, named “Shakespeare’s Glbe”, pened in 1997, with a prductin f Henry V. It is an academic apprximatin f the riginal design, based n available evidence f the 1599 and 1614 buildings, and is lcated apprximately 750 feet (230m) frm the site f the riginal theatre.
5．Hw did the Glbe Theatre begin t be n fire n 29 June 1613?
A．It was set fire t by a perfrmer by design.
B．It caught fire by accident during a play.
C．A man put ut breeches with a bttle f ale.
D．It was started by wden beams and straws.
6．In what rder is the text arranged?
A．Time B．Space C．Imprtance D．Flashback
7．Accrding t the passage all the plays were perfrmed in the Glbe Theatre EXCEPT ________.
A．James Burbage. B．Every Man ut f His Humur
C．Henry VIII. D．Henry V
8．The passage is mainly abut ________.
A．The ppularity f the Glbe Theatre.
B．The cnstructin f the Glbe Theatre.
C．The functin f the Glbe Theatre.
D．The histry f the Glbe Theatre.
【答案】
5．B6．A7．A8．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，文章按时间顺序介绍了英国环球剧院的历史。
5．
细节理解题。由第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII. A theatrical gun, set ff during the perfrmance, misfired, burning the wden beams and straws.”（1613年6月29日，在《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了。一支戏剧用的枪，在演出中引爆，没有打出子弹，烧了木梁和稻草）可知，环球剧院是在一场戏中因为枪走火了才意外着火了。故选B项。
6．
推理判断题。由第一段中的“The Glbe was built in 1599 using timber frm an earlier theatre, The Theatre, which had been built by Richard Burbage’s father, James Burbage, in Shreditch in 1576.”（环球剧院是在1599年用一个早期剧院的木材建造的，这个剧院是由Richard Burbage的父亲James Burbage1576年在肖尔迪奇建造的），第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII.”（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了），第三段中的“Like all the ther theatres in Lndn, the Glbe was clsed dwn by the Puritans in 1642.
It was pulled dwn in 1644, r slightly later — the cmmnly cited dcument dating the act t 15 April 1644 has been identified as false — t make rm fr ther buildings.”（像伦敦所有其他剧院一样，环球剧院在1642年被清教徒关闭。它是在1644年或者稍晚些时候被拆除的——通常被引用的文件将该法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被认定为虚假文件——为其他建筑腾出空间）以及最后一段中的“A mdern recnstructin f the theatre, named “Shakespeare’s Glbe”, pened in 1997, with a prductin f Henry V.”（剧院的现代重建，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》），结合时间状语可知，文章是按时间顺序发展的。故选A项。
7．
细节理解题。由第一段中的“The first perfrmance fr which a firm recrd remains was Jnsn’s Every Man ut f His Humur ”（第一个保持稳定记录的表演是琼森的《每个人都失去了他的幽默感》），第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII.”（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了。）和最后一段中的“A mdern recnstructin f the theatre, named “Shakespeare’s Glbe”, pened in 1997, with a prductin f Henry V.”（剧院的现代重建，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》。），可知环球剧院上演过《每个人都失去了他的幽默感》、《亨利八世》和《亨利五世》，James Burbage不是戏剧，并未在环球剧院演出。故选A项。
8．
主旨大意题。由第一段中的“The Glbe was built in 1599 using timber frm an earlier theatre, The Theatre, which had been built by Richard Burbage’s father, James Burbage, in Shreditch in 1576.”（环球剧院是在1599年用一个早期剧院的木材建造的，这个剧院是由Richard Burbage的父亲James Burbage1576年在肖尔迪奇建造的。），第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII.”（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了。），第三段中的“Like all the ther theatres in Lndn, the Glbe was clsed dwn by the Puritans in 1642. It was pulled dwn in 1644, r slightly later — the cmmnly cited dcument dating the act t 15 April 1644 has been identified as false — t make rm fr ther
buildings.”（像伦敦所有其他剧院一样，环球剧院在1642年被清教徒关闭。它是在1644年被拆除的，或者稍晚些时候被拆除的——通常被引用的文件将该法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被认定为虚假文件——为其他建筑腾出空间。），最后一段中的“A mdern recnstructin f the theatre, named “Shakespeare’s Glbe”, pened in 1997, with a prductin f Henry V.”（剧院的现代重建，命名为“莎士比亚环球剧场”，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》）可知，文章按时间顺序介绍了环球剧院的历史。故选D项。
Passage 5【新题模拟】
（2021·上海普陀区·高三一模）The Victrians’ Way f Having Fun
Whether it was visiting a human z, taking a bull n a ht-air balln ride, r singing beautiful sngs, Victrian Lndners lved t have fun. As perfrmance managers came up with increasingly well-designed ways t make mney frm the capital’s huge ptential audience, Victrians effectively invented the mdern leisure industry – including theme parks, pubs and prfessinal ftball. As a new bk by histrian Lee Jacksn explains, the hunt fr prfit invlves surrunding mrality, class and empire. S where did Victrians g fr fun? And what still exists tday?
Dancing Rms: Argyll Rms, Piccadilly
It’s nw a building site near Leicester Square, but when the Argyll Rms lst its licence in 1878, there was a rit (暴乱). Drunken students were s angry at the clsure f their favurite place that they tk t the streets. The Argyll clsed as the dance craze came t an end, and Bignell turned the space int the Trcader music hall. It kept that name thrugh the 20th century when it was transfrmed int ne f Lndn’s mst tasteless turist attractins. The site currently awaits develpment int a htel.
Pleasure gardens: Gremrne Gardens, Chelsea
Gremrne was run by three West End pub wners, ppular amng the yung peple then. It clsed in 1877 after lsing its licence. Pleasure gardens mre generally lst their meaning f existence with the establishment f public parks. Lndn’s rapid grwth meant the valuable land was usually sld t big cmpanies fr ther purpses, which is why s little f Lndn’s great pleasure gardens remain.
Pleasure gardens were als vershadwed by larger exhibitin grunds such as the Crystal Palace, which tried t find a way f balancing entertainment with cultural educatin. Little physically remains f the Crystal Palace itself, which mved t Sydenham frm Hyde Park in 1854, but the grand 200-acre grunds still exist as a public park.
On the site f the Methdist Central Hall was a shrt-lived attractin that attempted t transprt the seaside t central Lndn. It was railways that made Margate and Suthend accessible t Lndners, and sme f the leisure activities peculiar t the seaside sn made it back t the capital.Ftball grunds: Craven Cttage, Stevenage Rad, Fulham Fulham FC, Lndn’s ldest prfessinal ftball club, still wrks at their first grund, built by the Victrians in 1896. Versins f the sprt had been arund fr centuries, but it was the Victrians wh created the game and then prfessinalized it. This led t enclsed grunds where spectatrs paid fr admittance, with the incme spent n acquiring new players. The mdern game was brn.
9．Which f the fllwing is nt similar in meaning t “tk t the streets” in Para. 2?
A．gathered tgether in the streets B．enjyed windw shpping
C．went utside n the streets D．prtested n the streets
10．The reasn why fewer great pleasure gardens are left in Lndn is that .
A．peple built mre factries B．they were turned int farming land
C．the land was sld t develpers D．they became university campuses
11．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．The mney frm ftball is used t buy new players.
B．Lndn has much n its ftball histry.
C．Fulham F.C．is mre than 200 years ld.
D．The Victrians have cultivated many ftballers.
12．Which f the fllwing is the main idea f this passage?
A．The building f railways led t the theme parks.
B．The West End’s gardens became big htels.
C．The Victrians largely invented mdern leisure industries.
D．The incme frm mdern ftball supprts new players.
【答案】
9．B10．C11．B12．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球一些休闲产业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休闲产业的深远影响。
9．
词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句的前文背景介绍“…when the Argyll Rms lst its licence in 1878, there was a rit”可知，（1878年，Argyll Rms失去了营业执照，引发了一场骚乱，）这次骚乱应是知划线短语所在句内容“Drunken students were s angry at the clsure f their favurite place that they tk t the streets.”，由此可推知，“they tk t the streets”应是与“骚乱”表达含义一致，骚乱一般是指“聚集游行示威”类活动，即选项A“gathered tgether in the streets(聚集在街上)”，选项C“went utside n the streets(走到外面的街道上)”和选项D“prtested n the streets(上街抗议)”符合分析，可作划线短语的同义表达。选项B“enjyed windw shpping”意为“喜欢逛街”，不能视作为“骚乱”。故选B项。
10．
细节理解题。根据文章Pleasure gardens: Gremrne Gardens, Chelsea部分第1段内容“Lndn’s rapid grwth meant the valuable land was usually sld t big cmpanies fr ther purpses, which is why s little f Lndn’s great pleasure gardens remain.”(伦敦的快速发展意味着宝贵的土地通常被卖给大公司做其他用途，这就是为什么伦敦的大花园很少被保留下来的原因。)可知，伦敦的大花园很少被保留下来的原因是宝贵的土地通
常被卖给大公司做其他用途。故选C项。
11．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“Fulham FC, Lndn’s ldest prfessinal ftball club, still wrks at their first grund, built by the Victrians in 1896. Versins f the sprt had been arund fr centuries, but it was the Victrians wh created the game and then prfessinalized it. This led t enclsed grunds where spectatrs paid fr admittance, with the incme spent n acquiring new players. The mdern game was brn.(富勒姆足球俱乐部，伦敦最古老的职业足球俱乐部，仍然在他们的第一个场地工作，这是维多利亚时代的人在1896年建造的。这项运动的版本已经存在了几个世纪，但是是维多利亚时代的人创造了这项运动，然后将其职业化。这导致了封闭的场地，观众支付入场费，收入用于购买新球员。现代游戏诞生了。)”可知，富勒姆足球俱乐部存在已久，这个俱乐部见证了伦敦的足球运动始于维多利亚时代，并一直发展成为现代足球。由此可推知，伦敦的足球历史很悠久。故选B项。
12．
主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章结构为总分结构，文章第一段内容“As perfrmance managers came up with increasingly well-designed ways t make mney frm the capital’s huge ptential audience, Victrians effectively invented the mdern leisure industry – including theme parks, pubs and prfessinal ftball.(随着绩效管理人员想出越来越精心设计的方法，从首都巨大的潜在观众身上赚钱，维多利亚时代的人实际上发明了现代休闲产业——包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球。)”应是本文的主题句，即，文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球一些现代休闲产业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休闲产业的深远影响。选项C “The Victrians largely invented mdern leisure industries.(维多利亚时代在很大程度上发明了现代休闲产业。)”合理概括了文章的主旨要义。故选C项。
序号
内容
Part 1
题型总览
题型综述 技巧点拨 读相关词
Part 2
真题感悟
真题详解 强重难词 析长难句..
Part 3
专题强化
真题自测 新题模拟
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