【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题02《动词之主谓一致》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用）

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专题02 动词之主谓一致（解析版）三年真题【2022·全国新高考I卷】 The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that         (be)previously unprotectedwere【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。【2022·全国新高考I卷】 The GPNP ___   __ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems.is designed【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。【2022·浙江】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotelyare【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。【2021·全国甲卷】The Xi'an City Wall _____ (build) originally to protect the city during the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). was built【解析】考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。【2022·新高考II卷】One of the biggest companies I wrote to _______ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.was【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。【2021·浙江】In cities, however, the gain ______ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. was【解析】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填was。【2020·天津】A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.A．is B．are C．was D．wereD【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：去年进行的一项调查显示，该市80％的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，主句时态为一般过去时，根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一般过去时，且从句中主语80% of the middle-aged是复数，按照主谓一致原则，因此使用be动词were。故选D项。【2020·天津】The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since.A．are remaining B．have remainedC．is remaining D．has remainedD【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。【2020·全国I卷】＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it     1    (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon     2     (construct)＂ means; is constructed【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。【解析】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。【2020·全国II卷】This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers        (carry) special significance. carries【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。考频统计在2020-2022年三年高考真题中，主谓一致的考查频率统计如下：考点考频出处主谓一致10次【2022·全国新高考I卷】【2022·新高考II卷】【2022·浙江】【2021·全国甲卷】【2021·浙江】【2020·天津】【2020·全国I卷】【2020·全国II卷】考点清单主谓一致指主语和谓语在数上的一致关系。我们从三个原则来讨论：语法一致、意义一致和邻近一致原则。一、语法一致主语谓语动词例句and、both...and...连接的并列成分指不同的人或物复数Both coffee and beer are sold in the store.指同一个人或物单数The writer and teacher is quite popular among the students.主语是each, every, either, neither, none或由这些词修饰单数Each of the boys has a pencil-box.Every desk and chair is new.主语为many a/more than one+单数可数名词单数Many a student hopes to reduce homework.主语由shorts, shoes, trousers等两部分组成；但有pair等单位，与单位一致复数His glasses are on the shelf.There is a pair of shoes under the bed.主语为不可数名词单数There is a lot of water in the jar.有单位修饰的不可数名词与单位一致Three cups of water are on the table.不定式、动名词及从句单个的不定式、动名词或从句单数To say something is usually easier than to do something.and连接的不定式、动名词复数Swimming in summer and skating in winter are my hobbies.what引导的主语从句根据主语意义而定What we need are experienced workers.What we need is money.定语从句“one of+可数名词复数”作先行词时复数He is one of the pupils who were praised.“the only one of+可数名词复数”作先行词时单数He is the only one of the pupils who was praised.就远原则主语后接(together/along) with, as well as, rather than, except, besides, but, like, including等与主语一致He as well as his friends likes the film.The girls with their mother have come.主语为a/this/many kind(s) of;或名词接of this kind和of前的词一致This kind of computer sells well.Computers of this kind sell well.主语为a lot of/plenty of/most of/the rest of/half of接名词和of后的词一致Half of the apples are rotten.二、意义一致主语谓语动词例句主语为复数形式单数意义，如maths,physics等单数Physics doesn’t interest me.集体名词people,police,cattle等复数The police have caught the criminal.family, class表整体单数The class has 45 students.family, class表成员复数His family are all fond of football.两个人/事共用一个”-s”表示共有单数Mary and Jane’s room is clean and tidy.主语为“the+形容词”表示一类人复数The poor are to be helped.a number of+可数名词复数复数A number of workers have recently left the company.the number of+可数名词复数单数The number of the unemployed is still increasing.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词表整体单数Three years is not a long time.三、邻近一致原则（就近原则）主语谓语动词例句由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not...but...,not only...but also...等连接主语跟靠近的主语一致Not only we but also the teacher is wrong.There/Here be句型跟靠近的主语一致There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.变式练习基础练 Around Christmas time there       (be) only one hour of daylight in Sweden.Hurry up! We must get there before the sun       (set).Standing among the students       (be) the headmaster together with their English teacher.As is known to us all, English books of this kind        (sell) well in middle schools.I have finished a large part of the book; the rest        (be) more difficult.About two thirds of the population of that country        (live) on farms.Healthy eating along with regular        (be) important for your health. A poet and artist        (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. The number of the students who took part in the military training       (be) 450.All they need    (be) a room where they can live and cook and live a simple but happy life all the year round. 参考答案：1. is   2. sets   3. is    4.sell    5. is6. live   7.is     8. is    9. is     10. is提升练 We each have strong points and each of us, on the other hand,       (have) weak points.The minister stressed that under no circumstances      (be) the disabled to be looked down upon.When it comes to this question, not only you but also she       (turn) out to be wrong.This glass works       (be) set up in the 1960s.Each girl and each boy       (want) to attend that lecture.The famous musician, as well as his students,       (be) invited to perform at the opening ceremony last year.--What a terrible collision accident! -- Judging from the scene, personally, it is one or two car drivers, rather than the truck driver, who    (be) to blame. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who      (be) from the countryside in our school.Every possible means            (use) to prevent the air pollution.Standing among the students       (be) the headmaster together with their English teacher.参考答案：1. has   2. were   3. turns    4.was     5. wants6. was   7. are    8. is     9. has been used     10. is