【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题03《情态动词和虚拟语气》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用）

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专题03 情态动词和虚拟语气（解析版）三年真题      【2021·天津】It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.A．need  B．should  C．could   D．must      C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。      【2021·天津】---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.---Wel1, you never know! You ________ a better impression than you think.A．may have madeB．should have madeC．couldn't have madeD．needn't have made      A【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：—老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。—唉，谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能；B.should have made本应该做；C.couldn't have made不可能做；D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故选A。      【2020·全国III卷】The artist was sure he would         (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.      be chosen【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。      【2020·天津】You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.A．must  B．should C．mustn't D．shouldn't      D【解析】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn't不和have done连用。故选D。      【2020·天津】Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A．must  B．can C．need D．should      B【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。      【2020·江苏】If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.A．won't be B．wouldn't have been C．wouldn't be D．shouldn't have been      C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。      【2020·浙江】However, greater attention should         (place)on longevity(长寿).       be placed【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：然而，更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且should后跟动词原形，故填be placed。考频统计在2020-2022年三年高考真题中，情态动词和虚拟语气的考查频率统计如下：考点考频出处情态动词6次【2021·天津】【2020·全国III卷】【2020·天津】【2020·浙江】虚拟语气1次【2020·江苏】考点清单一、情态动词情态动词表示说话人对动作的看法或态度，接动词原形构成谓语。常见的情态动词有: can,could, may, might, must, heed, have to. should, aught 10, dare, will, shall, would,should等。1) 表示推测、请求、允许、命令要求等意义的情态动词用法比较 推测请求（不）允许必须（禁止）/ 要求can否定式/疑问式 例3较多用     例5较多用      例10 11 may否定式/疑问式 例1更正式    例5更正式      例12 13 must肯定式       例2  务必（语气强）例14 15will 第二人称  例6-8第二人称:命令/要求 例16 shall 第一、三人称 例9第二、三人称:威胁/命令/要求/许诺 例17 18 should有可能，应该 例4  应该（语气弱）例19 201. He may have gone abroad.他可能已经出国了。2. He must have gone abroad. 他一定是出国了。3. Can it be Jack? 能是杰克吗?--No, it cant be him--he has gone abroad. 不可能，他已出国了。4. The film should be good, as its leading actors are world famous.电影应该不错，主演都是名角。5. Can/May I borrow your phone?我能用你的电话吗?6. Will you dine with me tomorrow, Lewis? 刘易斯，明天和我一一起吃饭好吗?7. You'll forgive me, won't you?原谅我,好吗?8. Will you help me to work it out?你能帮我解决这事吗?9. Shall I tum on the light, Mum?我能开灯吗，妈妈?10. You can wear jeans at home.你在家可以穿牛仔裤。11. You can't wear jeans at work.工作时不能穿牛仔裤。12. Students may use the college car park on Sundays.学生星期天可以用学院停车场。13. Students may not use the college car park on weekdays.学生工作日禁止用学院停车场。14. You must finish your work today.你今天必须完成工作。15. Must I return the book tomorrow? No, you needn't.我一定要今天还书吗?不必。16 You'll do it this minute!你得马上做。17. You shall not stay under my roof! 你不能在我这住。18. Each competitor shall wear a number.每台微机都要有个号。19. He should do some work, but he doesn't want to.他应该做点事,但他不想做。20. Should I open the door? 我能打开门吗?2) “情态动词+have done”的用法情态动词+have done用法例句must have done想必/准是/一定做了It must have rained last night, for the road is quite muddy.can/could have done本来能够做；过去可能会做Can he have gone to his aunt’s? cannot/could not have done过去不可能做；过去没能够做He cannot have forgotten it.may/ might have done或许做了It's too late.I think he may have gone to bed.should/ought to have done本该做而实际上未做You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.should not have done ought not to have done本不该做而做了You shouldn't have told her the truth.needn't have done本不必做而做了You needn't have taken a taxi here,for it is very near to your house.had better have done当时最好做了You had better not have scolded her.would rather have done 宁愿当时做了 I raised objections at the meeting，but now I would rather not have done that.二、虚拟语气1. if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 if从句主句例句与过去事实相反had donewould/might/could/should+have doneIf you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed.与现在事实相反did/werewould/might/could/should+do If I were you, I would seize the chance.与将来事实相反did/wereshould dowere to doIf he shouldn’t come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：a. 当从句表示的行为和主语表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，叫做“错综复杂条件句”，动词的形式根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。e.g.: If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.b. 在从句中若含有were, had, should，可将if省略，将were, had, should提到主语之前。Were I at school again, I would study harder.2. 虚拟语气的含蓄表达有时为了表达的需要，虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件从句，而是借助于without, but for, otherwise, or来进行含蓄表达。e.g.: 1> Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.2> But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.3> I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.4> He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.3. 用在wish, as if, would rather中的虚拟语气   3.1 wish/as if      与过去事实相反：had done      与现在事实相反：did/were      与将来事实相反：would/might/could+do      e.g.: 1> I wish I had not gone there.          2> I wish that he would help more.           3> He feels as if he alone were responsible for what has happened.          4> She speaks English so fluently as if she had stayed in America for a long time.   3.2 would rather       与过去事实相反：had done与现在、将来事实相反：did/weree.g.: 1> I would rather I had not told him the bad news.2> I would rather they didn’t hear of the news.4. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用  4.1 在英语中有一类动词，这类动词后接从句通常用should加动词原形的虚拟语气，这类动词表示“坚持、建议、命令、要求”的意思。   一坚持：insist   二命令：command order    三建议：suggest advise propose   四要求：request  require  ask  demand    e.g.: 1> He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.       2> The smile on his face suggested that he was content with our work.       3> The man insisted that he had never stolen money.       4> The man insisted that he (should) be set free.  注意：当suggest表示“建议”时，使用省略should加动词原形的虚拟语气；当suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，用陈述语气（如例句2）        当insist表示“坚持命令，坚持要求”时，使用省略should加动词原形的虚拟语气；当insist表示“坚持说”时，用陈述语气（如例句4）  4.2 It is important/necessary/vital/essential/strange/natural that...句型中常用省略should加动词原形的虚拟语气   e.g.: It is strange that he treat his parents like that.5. 虚拟语气在“It is (high) time that ...”中   It is (high) time that ...句型中，that从句的动词有两种形式：should do（should不省略）或过去式   e.g.: It is high time that we should take immediate action to protect wildlife.=It is high time that we took immediate action to protect wildlife.变式练习基础练 If I        (see) the film, I would have told you about it.     If he knew French, he        (not ask) me for help.    I'm glad I went over all my notes; otherwise I        (fail) the exam.   Without the weather report, we        (decide) whether to go fishing or not.   If it        (be) not for the fact that you are very busy, I would ask you to do this right now.   I wish I       (take) your advice last time, and then I wouldn't have been blamed by others.        7.  If it        (rain) tomorrow, I would stay at home watching TV.   8.  After that, the manager demanded the source of all the water supplies         (examine).   9.  Don’t go to the cinema this afternoon, and you should finish your work first. I would rather you      (go) tomorrow.   10.  --Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.--Oh, it is too bad. You        have made full preparations.        参考答案：1.had seen  2.would not ask 3. couldn’t have decided  4. would have failed   5. were 6. has taken  7. rained/were to rain/should rain  8. be examined 9. went     10. should 提升练 Luckily, we d brought a road map without which we        (lose) our way.     Should it rain, the crops        (save).       When you phoned me, I was having a meeting, otherwise I        (answer) your call.    It was fortunate that he took an umbrella with him, or he        (catch) in the heavy rain. I wouldn't marry Lucy even if she         (be) the last woman on earth.  ---We will have a meeting tomorrow.   ---I would rather we        (hold) the meeting today than tomorrow.    She often shares her deepest thoughts and fears with friends through QQ，as if they         (chat) inher living room.  8.  Constant quarrels between my parents are driving me crazy. If only I       (have) a warm and harmonious family.9.   It is often recommended that children       (offer) chances to get close to nature.10.  But for the fact that George        (not pass) the exam, he would have driven his car to our college yesterday.参考答案：1.would have lost  2.would be saved 3. would have answered  4. would have been caught  5. were 6. held     7.  were chatting 8. had     9. be offered     10. didn’t pass