【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题05《名词和名词短语》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用）

这是一份【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题05《名词和名词短语》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用），文件包含专题05名词和名词短语解析版docx、专题05名词和名词短语原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共21页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题05 名词和名词短语（原卷版）三年真题【2022·全国乙卷】China has a ______ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 【2022·全国甲卷】Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental _____ (protect). 【2022·全国新I卷】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ______ (population)and homes of giant pandas.【2022·浙江】When the answer, was no, she, declined the ______ （invite）.【2021·全国乙卷】Ecotourism often provides money for conservation and benefits the ____(develop)of the local areas. 【2021·全国乙卷】         (activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.【2021·全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ______ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ________ (day) routines.【2021·新高考I卷】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _______ (human) are.【2021·全国新高考II卷】A company _______ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from  plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.【2021·北京】Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse_______ (idea)．【2021·浙江】It is calculated by dividing a ________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared.【2021·天津】Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples【2021·天津】In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________.A．system B．method C．investment D．environment【2020·天津】His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his _____________as one of America's greatest writers.A．trust B．contact C．reputation D．theory【2020·江苏】The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.A．reservation B．transformation C．distinction D．submission【2020·全国I卷】The far side of the moon is of particular _____ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山).【2020·全国II卷】Chinese New Year is a _____ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【2020·全国III卷】Filled with ______ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 【2020·北京】Now, lots of_____(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.【2020·浙江】For Japan, the______(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.【2020·浙江】Later，they learned to work with the ____ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.考频统计在2020-2022年三年高考真题中，名词和名词短语的考查频率统计如下：名词和名词短语考频出处词性转换8次【2022·全国乙卷】【2022·全国甲卷】【2022·浙江】【2021·全国乙卷】【2021·全国新高考II卷】【2020·全国I卷】【2020·全国II卷】 【2020·全国III卷】名词单复数8次【2022·全国新I卷】【2021·全国乙卷】【2021·全国甲卷】【2021·新高考I卷】【2021·北京】【2021·全国乙卷】【2021·新高考I卷】【2021·北京】名词所有格1次【2021·浙江】考点清单一、名词的分类类别意义例词专有名词指人或物特有的名称Tom, China, the Great Wall普通名词可数名词个体名词单个的人或事chair,school,book, computer集体名词若干同类个体的集合体family, class, police, team不可数名词物质名词不能分成个体的事物water, snow, bread, paper抽象名词非实物的概念truth, happiness, knowledge二、名词的功用名词在句子中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾(主)语补足语、状语、同位语和独立成分。      My daughter has been studying abroad for almost 2 years.(做主语)      Unfortunately, the famous football player hurt his leg in the game.(做宾语)      He is an expert in the field of agriculture. (做表语)      To his joy, the winter vacation is coming, during which he will be able to go home.(做定语)      We consider him a good teacher for his patience to answer our questions. (做宾语补足语)      Paul was elected our monitor in our class. (做主语补足语)      The teacher came in the classroom, a book in hand.(做状语)       Mo Yan, a famous Chinese writer, once won the Nobel Literature Prize, (做同位语)三、名词的数   1. 可数名词：可数名词有复数的变化，有规则变化和不规则变化，具体方式如下：   规则变化：名词特征词尾例词一般情况-sschools flowers  以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾-esbuses  boxes  watches 以“辅音+y”结尾-y---iescity--cities  lady--ladies以“元音+y”结尾-stoys  boys以f（fe）结尾-f(fe)----veshalf-halves  leaf-leaves  self-selves以o结尾-esheroes  tomatoes  potatoes  Negroes-spianos  photos  tobaccos  radios不规则变化：名词特征变化例词单复数同形不变sheep, deer, means, crossroads, species复数形式，单数意义不变news, maths, physics, politics只有复数形式shoes, socks, trousers, gloves, glasses, savings, surroundings含有“oo”的单词oo--eefoot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geeseman/womanman-menwoman-women  gentleman-gentlemen其他child-children  ox-oxen  mouse-mice  外来词汇analysis--analyses  basis--bases   crisis--crises2. 复合名词的数规则例词一般情况下把后面的名词变成复数store-keepers, boyfriends含man/woman的复合名词，前后两部分都变为复数women singers, men servants以“动词/过去分词+副词”构成的复合名词，在副词后面加sgrown-ups3. 不可数名词常见的不可数名词：
water水weather天气work工作homework家庭作业grass草traffic交通trouble烦恼knowledge知识progress进步sugar糖snow雪information消息news新闻paper纸ice冰rice稻子/大米luck运气honesty诚实harm损害furniture家具glass玻璃fruit水果fun乐趣clothing衣服coffee咖啡dust灰尘bread面包behavior举止butter黄油advice建议air空气baggage行李
注意：不可数名词表示个体时，须用单位名词（量词）。以下为常见的单位名词：a piece of/a bar of/a bottle of/a slice of/a set of/a cup ofe.g.: a piece of bread/advice     a bar of chocolate      a bottle of water 四、名词的格1. 名词所有格表示所有关系、修饰名词，作定语。1)名词加's(词尾有s、则加’)形式的所有格，多用来表示有生命的东西:
the boy's motherChildren's Daya women's hospitalsomebody else's flatat the doctor's( office)to Jeff’s( home)Jack and John's roomJack's and John's room
但表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构等事物时也常用这种形式，如:
today's newspaperfive minutes' walktwenty miles' journeythe Unite States' policy
2)“of+名词”形式的所有格，多用来表示无生命的东西，但与“名词+'s”形式在很多情况可通用：the arrival of the visitor( the visitor's arrival)a plan of the government( a government's plan)the leg of the desk( the desk's leg)此外of还表示同位关系:
the city of Londonthe three of us
双重所有有时，名词后加“of+名词*/物主代词”的形式来修饰,这种结构叫双重所有用来表示部分概念。a friend of your father's你父亲的一个朋友several colleagues of mine我的几个同事a latest book of my teacher's我的老师的一部新书五、常见名词后缀四、名词构词法后缀意义例词-ment表示"行为、结果”develop--development 发展achieve-achievement 功绩equip-equipment 设备manage-management 管理agree-agreement 协议，同意-ness表示“状态、性质或特点”aware- awareness意识calm-calmness平静lazy-laziness懒惰-ist表示“......专家，从事......的人”art- artist艺术家piano- pianist 钢琴家science- scientist 科学家-ion-ation-ition-tion表示“行为、状态"attract- attraction 吸引力，吸引educate- education 教育invite-invitation邀请add- addition 增加introduce- introduction 介绍-er-or-ant-an-ian表示“......的人”employ- -employer雇主direct--director主任,经理assist- assistant 助手serve- servant 仆人，职员history--historian 历史学家music -musician 音乐家-ity-y表示“状态、性质”able- ability 能力honest- honesty 诚实-ance-ence-ancy-ency表示“性质、状态或行为”accept- acceptance 接受exist- existence 存在expect- expectancy 期待tend- -tendency趋势-age表示“行为、状态、结果或一组”marry-marriage 结婚short-shortage 缺少pack-package 包裹-ship-dom表示“状态、地位”fiend- friendship 友谊member-membership会员资格wise- wisdom 智慧-ure表示“行为或结果”expose-exposure 暴露.揭露fail-failure失败变式练习基础练 The         (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the         (assume) you have made.The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative         .(explain) are hard to find.It is important to pay your         (electric) bill on time.Some schools will have to make          (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer team.-Go and say sorry to your mom, Dave.   -I’d love to, but I am afraid she won’t be happy with my         (apologize).There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some        (think) and then let me know.He gave himself a new name to hide his          (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.Her          (motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.He turned down side to side, eyeing him   self in the mirror with a serious, studied       (express) that soon changed into a smile.A much better way must be found to achieve an equal        (distribute) of the resources.To play better, all the players have to know their        (strong) and weaknesses.The Harry Potter books enjoy great       (popular). They are in great demand in this city.Such is life--whether you are an antelope or a lion, you ought to dash towards without        (hesitate) when the sun rises.A person of high ideals is highly respected. What people value is not based on outside           (appear).提升练 -- Can you tell us your         for happiness and a long life?  -- Living every day to the full, definitely. recipe      B. record        C. range         D. receipt     The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight         of rain later tonight.effect       B. sense         C. change         D. chance   It is importance to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your       .condition    B. income       C. credit          D. statusIf you can’t trust your friend to have a relationship with another person you consider a friend, it is a clear       of a problem in your friendships.disappearance       B. symbol       C. symptom       D. settlement After living in Shaoxing for 5 years, she has developed an         for the city.association         B. affection       C. appreciation       D. ambition  The boy promised to make up the missing lessons during his        from school as soon as he got back from leave.presence          B. absence        C. appearance        D. attendance   Intellectual should have the basic characteristics of having social        and public concern, and persevering the spiritual standpoint of “edge person”.eagerness         B. grace          C. appreciation        D. conscienceWith all the members making great efforts, there is a growing        that the problem can be settled soon.interest           B. concern        C. preference         D. optimism After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide      for the homeless families.prescription       B. abortion        C. accommodation     D. preventionMuch to his joy, the old man may be able to get a hardship       from the government, which covers his expense.insurance         B. allowance       C. competence        D. circumstance Applicants for the job must be between 25 and 35 years old and a good       of English is required.command         B. experience      C. demand           D. comment -Why does our manager look so happy?   -He is relieved to know the      of the difficult problem.judgement        B. evaluation       C.settlement          D. preparationThe patient’s family was expressed their      to the Press in letters for the money raised.purpose          B. apologies        C. gratitude           D. sympathyNow that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary      from them to help rebuild the economy.commitment      B. appointment      C. instrument         D. requirementPeople with simple names enjoy quicker career advancement because names which are hard to pronounce inspire negative       from superiors.consideration      B. consequences      C. expectations       D. reactions