【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题07《介词和介词短语》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用）

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专题07 介词和介词短语（原卷版）三年真题     【2021·全国乙卷】Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ______ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.      【2021·全国甲卷】It was built originally to protect the city ______ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)     【2021·全国新高考II卷】A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _______ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.     【2021·北京】While riding his bike home _______ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．     【2021·浙江】The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased _______ 2. 1 in women and men.      【2020·全国I卷】The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so ______ the familiar near side. C     【2020·全国III卷】The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ earth, Mother Nature.     【2020·北京】Over time, the bags fall apart______countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.      【2020·浙江】This aging of the population is driven______two factors. 【2020·浙江】Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ______ ，through agriculture. 考频统计在2020-2022年三年高考真题中，介词和介词短语的考查频率统计如下：介词和介词短语考频出处介词的固定搭配10次【2021·全国乙卷】【2021·全国甲卷】【2021·全国新高考II卷】【2021·北京】【2021·浙江】【2020·全国I卷】【2020·全国III卷】【2020·北京】【2020·浙江】【2020·浙江】考点清单一、表“时间”的介词介词用法例句at表示在某一时刻；表示在不含有“Day"的节假日at 12: 00，at noon, at midnight；at Christmasin表示“在”一段较长的时间内，如世纪、年、季节、月、上午、下午、晚上等in the 1980's/1980s；in October； in the morning/afternoon/eveningon表示“在”特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、节日或具体某天的上午/下午/晚上；表示在含有“Day"的节假日on a rainy day；on October the first；on National Day；for后接时间段，表示行为或状态持续了多久I have worked in this factory for ten years. since自从......(到说话的时刻)，后接时间点，说明动作的起点，表示动作从该起点一直持续I have lived in this house since ten years ago.during......期间He often falls asleep during the class.through在.....期间, 从......开头到结尾:一直到(所指时间包括在内，此时与throughout相同)Tom bore up well under the strain of supporting his family through his father's illness. before早于；在.....之前The new road will be completed before the end of the year. by表示“不迟于.....，在(某时)前”All of you are to arrive at school by seven o'clock.till/untiluntil比till 更正式。相关的谓语动间需是延续性动间的肯定式或瞬间动词的否定式。until/till 后可跟名词、介词短语或副词I shall wail until ten o'clock.二、表“方位”的介词介词用法例句地理位置in表示在某一地域之内的某方位(属于该范围)Shandong Province is in the cast of China.on表示与某地相邻的关系Russia lies on the north of China.to表示在某一地域之外的某方位(不属于该范围且不相邻)Japan lies to the east of China.上下位置关系on在上方，与表面有接触（反义词：beneath）There are some books on the desk.They found the toy buried beneath a pile of leaves.over在物体的正上方或覆盖在物体表面（反义词：under）A lamp was hanging over the table.They were playing chess under the tree.above离开物体表面而在其上方,但不一定是正上方（反义词：below）The plane flew above the clouds.I could hear voices in the courtyard below my window.穿过，越过through从内部通过The moonlight went through the window.across在表面上通过He walked across the square to meet her. over从某物体的上方越过The plane flew over the Pacific Ocean.在.....之间between某人或某物在另两人或两物之间或多者中的两两之间The house stands between two farms.among用于三者以上，其所在范围内的人或事物常被视为一个整体The village lies among hills.三、表“原因”的介词介词用法例句for常与表示闻名、奖罚等意义的形容词/动词连用The West Lake is famous for its scenery.because of一般作状语，不作表语，位于句首或句中He walked slowly because of his bad leg.owing to通常作状语，一般不作表语The game was cancelled owing to torrential rain.due to通常作表语或状语，一般不放在句首The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.thanks to“幸亏，因为”只作状语It was all a great success--thanks to a lot of hard work.四、表“方式”的介词介词用法例句with表示“用”具体的工具，或“用”身体的某部位、器官。He is writing a letter with a pen.in指“使用”某种语言、工具或材料等Write it in ink, please.by表示“使用”方法、手段等Why don’t we go there by taxi?五、表示“范围”的介词介词用法例句besides介词 = in addition to除....外(还有)副词 = in addition, moreover, furthermore等, 意为:此外We have lots of things in common besides music.except= not including除.....之外(不再有)，后面可接名词、代词、动名词、副词、that从句、when从句作宾语We all passed the exam except Tom.except for表示“除了....”它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.within(范围，程度)在......之内We are now within range of enemy fire.beyond(范围，程度)超出，为......所不能及The handle was just beyond my reach.六、表示“让步”的介词介词用法例句despite尽管 = in spite of，后接名词、代词、动名词、副词、that从句Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.七、介词的固定搭配1. 与名词的搭配at +nin +nat first当初at home在家里at breakfast 在吃早饭at the moment此刻at once立刻at least至少at Christmas在圣诞节at night在夜间at present目前at last最终at war 在交战at work在上海at the cinema在电影院at noon在中午at school在上学at a loss 不知所措at peace 处于和平中at rest 静止 不动at sea 在海上at the same time 同时at any time 在任何时候at a distance 隔一段距离at the foot of... 在......脚下at the risk of... 冒......的危险at the sight of... 一看到......就......in cash用现金in class在上课in width 在宽度上in depth在深度上in detail详细地in danger处于危险之中in English用英语the front of在....前.面(内部)in height在高度上in length在长度上in ink用墨水in shape在外形上in size在尺寸上in the habit of .....习惯In the hope of抱...的希望in the middle of在...中间in this instance在此情况下in this respect在这方面in turn 依次in vain徒劳地in 2004在2004年in time及时in a minute 一会儿之后in those days在那些日子in town在城里in the day在白天in July七月in the morning在早上in these days在这些日子in the train 坐火车in the countryside 在农村in the daytime在白天on + n.by + n.on account of因为on behalf of代表on condition that在....的条件下on no account/condition决不on purpose故意地on the basis of因为...基于on the occasion of ....时on Monday星期一on a train在火车上on a cold day在寒冷的一天on the New Year's Eve在新年的除夕on the hour准时地on the way to在....的路上on the weekend在周末on time按时on July the first 七月一日 by accident 偶然by air/plane 乘飞机by chance 偶然地by coincidence 碰巧by force 用暴力by hand 手工by mistake 错误地by nature 天生地by oneself独自by the way顺便问by the day 按天算by the end of到...为止by the lake在湖边by weight/volume/size/number 按重量/体积/大小/数量out of + nunder + nout of balance失去平衡out of breath上气不接下气out of business停业，歇业out of control不受控制out of danger脱离危险out of date过时out of debt不欠债out of fashion不流行out of luck不走运out of one's mind发疯out of office在野，下台out of order出故障out of patience不耐烦out of season不合时令的out of shape走样的，变形的out of sight看不到out of the question不可能out of trouble 脱离困境out of work失业under attack遭到袭击under consideration在审议中under construction在建造中under control 处于控制之下under discussion 在讨论中under pressure(液体或气体)受压力;被迫under repair在修理中under treatment 在治疗中under way在进行中under the command of... ....的统帅之下under the control of. ...控制下under the direction ....指导下under the influence ....影响下under the protection of..在-的庇护下under the leadership of.. ..的领导下for + nwith + nfor example例如for years多年for some reason由于某种原因for a moment一会儿with anger生气地with confidence有信心地with care 小心地with courage英勇地with delight/joy高兴地with difficulty 困难地with ease 轻而易举地with fear 害怕地with interest 兴致勃勃地with pleasure乐意地with pride 骄傲地with satisfaction 满意地with success 成功地with kindness亲切地 2. 与形容词的搭配adj. +aboutadj. + inbe concerned about ...担心.be confident about ...有信心be crazy about ...迷be curious about对...感到好奇be excited about ...感到兴奋be particular about ....讲究/挑剔be positive about .对....积极be puzzled about ....感到困惑be serious about .对.....认真be silent about .....保持沉默be sorry about ......感到抱歉be upset about .....感到失望be worried about .对....担心be absorbed in 全神贯注于be buried in 埋头于be experience in 在......方面有经验be expert in擅长....be interested in .对....感..兴趣be involved in专心于;参与;涉及be lacking in缺乏be located in位于be occupied in忙于be rich in富有.....be set in位于be slow in迟迟不be successful in在.....方面成功be trapped in被困在.....be weak in不擅长adj. +toadj. +withbe accustomed/used to习惯于be attached to附属于;喜爱be attractive to sb.对某人有吸引力be beneficial to ....有益be blind to没有察觉对....而不见be close to接近be contrary to 与..-.相反be crucial to sth.对某物至关重要be deaf to .对....充耳不闻be devoted to致力于;投身于be equal to ...平等-....相等be essential to .对...必.不可少be fair to ...公平be familiar to .对....说很熟悉be friendly kind to ....友好友善be known to .为.....知be limited to被限制到be married to ...结婚be opposed to反对be polite to ...礼貌be related to 与.....有关系 be angry with sb.对某人发怒be armed with带....武器be busy with 忙于be combined with与.结合be concerned/ associated with ...有关,涉及be connected with .....有关be content/ satisfied with .对....满意be covered with被....覆盖be crowded with充满be decorated with被.用....装饰be equipped with配备有be faced with面临;面对be familiar with ......熟悉be filled with充满be patient with ......耐心be piled with堆着be pleased with ....感到满意be popular with 受到....欢迎be strict with .....对......严格 adj. +ofadj. +forbe afraid of害怕;担心be ashamed of ....感到羞耻be aware/ conscious of意识到be capable of能够be composed of ....组成be made up of 组成be fond of喜欢be full of充满( =be filled with)be ignorant of不知道，不了解be proud of .....骄傲be short of缺少be sure/certain of确信be worthy of值得be anxious for急切盼望.渴望be eager for渴望be famous for .以.....而著名be fit for适合,胜任be good for .....有好处be known for 因...著名be late for迟到be prepared/ready for .为.....做好准备be responsible for ......负责be sorry for .对.....感到抱歉be suited for适合......be thankful/ grateful for 因......而感激be vital for 对......极其重要adj. +atbe angry at对...感到恼怒                   be astonished at ...感到十分惊讶be bad at不擅长                          be delighted at听到......高兴                be disappointed at 对......失望               be good at擅长be skilled at在......方面很熟练              be surprised at 对......惊讶变式练习基础练 1. The Greens have lived in China        three years.2. There is a bed         the middle of the room.3. The papers need to be ready         next Friday.4. The Smiths are praised         the way they bring up their children.5.          good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.6. I couldn't have gone through that bitter period         your generous help.7. Soon after dinner Wayne drove off         the direction of Paris.8. Sean has formed the habit of jogging         the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.9. If there is an American beside you, you may see him typing away on his laptop, busy         work.10. Her big goal for last December was to provide blessing bags         hundreds of the homeless in Myrtle Beach.提升练 1.        its first day of trading, Shake Shack went from $21 a share to just under $ 46 a share.2. Most people don't pay attention        the chairs they use.3. Mike must be angry        me, for he walked past me without even saying hello.4. He has been so good        making furniture that nobody notices his handicap.5. That evening, the stork flew to the fox's home and knocked        the door with her long beak.6. The sun had already sunk        the horizon.7.        the Australian eastern coast lies the world-famous Great Reef.8. Susan got back into bed and pulled the quilt        her head.9. The temperature of yesterday was 12"C        zero in Shandong, and it was very warm for winter.10.        the top of the hill, you can get a better view of the whole city.