【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题12《定语从句》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用）

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专题 12 定语从句（原卷版）三年真题     【2022·全国新I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.     【2022·全国甲卷】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___87___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.      【2022·浙江】Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _____ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.      【2021·全国新高考II卷】I decided that if I learned of a company_______ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.     【2021·北京】When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.     【2021·浙江】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.     【2021·天津】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom     【2021·天津】At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.A．where  B．which  C．that  D．when     【2021·天津】 In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.A．when   B．where  C．what  D．which 【2020·全国I卷】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth 【2020·全国III卷】In ancient China lived an artist_____ paintings were almost lifelike. 【2020·天津】Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson.A．which  B．when   C．where D．who 【2020·天津】Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.A．whose  B．of whom  C．of which  D．which 【2020·江苏】Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.A．whose B．which  C．when   D．whom考频统计在2020-2022年三年高考真题中， 定语从句的考查频率统计如下：定语从句考频出处关系代词9次【2022·全国新I卷】【2022·全国甲卷】【2022·浙江】【2021·新高考II卷】【2021·北京】【2021·浙江】【2020·全国III卷】【2020·天津】【2020·江苏】关系副词4次【2021·天津】【2020·全国I卷】【2020·天津】介词+关系代词1次【2021·天津】考点清单一、定语从句的概念及分类1. 什么是定语？ 哪些成分可以做定语？  修饰限制名词或代词的成分叫做定语，常做定语的有形容词、名词、介词短语、定语从句。2. 限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句  类别形式意义关键词使用的区别例句限制性定语从句不用逗号不可或缺，去掉后意义不完整作宾语时关系代词可省略；可用that；可用who代替whomThis is the house (which) we bought last month.非限制性定语从句用逗号和主句分开对先行词的补充说明，去掉后意思完整作宾语时关系代词不可省略；不可用that；不能用who代替whomThe house, which we bought last month, is very nice.二、定语从句的构成定语从由三部分构成： 先行词+关系词+定语从句e.g.:  This was the house that/which Lu Xun once lived in.  This was the house in which Lu Xun once lived.This was the house where Lu Xun once lived.三、定语从句的关系词1. 关系词的三种作用  a. 引导定语从句     b. 指代先行词     c. 在定语从句中充当成分2. 关系词的分类及具体用法  具体用法在从句中作的成分例句 关系代词that即指人又指物主语、宾语、表语After this he is not the man that he used to be.which指物主语、宾语This is the room in which I lived when I was young.who指人主语、宾语The boy who was in the office yesterday is my brother.whom指人宾语I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards. whose即指人又指物定语This is the student whose handwriting is the best in our school.as指物主语、宾语As we all know, working out regularly is of great help to our health.关系副词 when指时间时间状语I still remember the day when I first came to this school.where指地点地点状语The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.why指原因原因状语I'd like to know the reason why you are so late.that和which的区别关系词口诀用法例句只用that不用which“两”先行词既有人又有物时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have heard of?“代”先行词是不定代词，或由不定代词修饰时They said nothing that hurt our teacher.“序”先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.“限”先行词被the very, the only等修饰时The old car is the only thing that he owns now. “重”两个从句且其中一个已用which，避免重复Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?只用which不用that“非”非限制性定语从句The novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.“介”关系代词前有介词时The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear.“重”先行词本身是that时What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?as和which的区别 区别说明例句在位置上区别as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后，which引导的定语从句一般不放在主句之前The Pacific is the largest ocean, as we all know.(= As we all know, the Pacific... = The Pacific, as we all know, ...)在意义上区别as引导的定语从句在语意上要和主句保持一致， 常译为“正如......,像......”,表示说话人的态度和观点；which常译为“这一点”，表示对主句进行补充说明。He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a long speech, which was unexpected.“介词+关系代词”的用法情况说明例句介词+关系代词从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，关系代词可用which, whom, 不可用that, whoThe man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher.介词的选用与先行词搭配I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the countryside.与从句的动词搭配The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.变式练习基础练 1. I discussed it with my brother,        is a lawyer.2. 1 have found a shop        has everything we need.3. This is the girl        pronunciation is the best in our class.4. We will never forget the days       we stayed at that beautiful countryside.5. The place       they will go is their hometown.6. Can you explain the reason        you don't want to hep him?7. When Elias met Mandela,he was in a situation         he was treated badly.8. Her son,           she was devoted, wen abroad ten years ago.9. Anne was a Jewish girl       diary has been read widely all over the world.10. They will fly to Beijing,       they plan to stay for two days.提升练 1. Many countries are now setting up national parks        animals and plants can be protected.2. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of        are family members.3. When 1 arrived, Bryan took me to see the house          1 would be saying,4. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,         made one of the Chinese dreams come true.5. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those        lives were affected.6. Jack says he has a passion for China,        he remembers starting as early as his childhood.7. There is no simple answer,        is often the case in science.8. This is the very plan for the summer holiday        was suggested by his father.9. He is the one        does the most of the talking.10.        is announced in today's paper, they have succeeded in solving many problems in accordance with the new theory.