【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题2《阅读推理判断题》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用）

这是一份【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题2《阅读推理判断题》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用），文件包含专题18阅读专项---推理判断题解析版docx、专题18阅读专项---推理判断题原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共27页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题18 阅读专项---推理判断题
（解析版）
三年真题多维细目表
年份
试卷
篇目
体裁
主题
考点
主题语境
语境内容
细节
理解
题
推理
判断
题
主旨
大意
题
词义猜测题
2022
全国
甲卷
A
应用文
人与社会
英国剧院
21 22 23 24 25 29 30 33

26 34 35

27 31 32

28
B
说明文
人与自然
生物与人的智力对比
C
记叙文
人与自我
难忘的南极之旅
D
夹叙夹议
人与社会
不同的人文化冲突的见解
全国
乙卷
A
应用文
人与社会
画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士展览
21 22 23 24 26 28 32 33 34

25 27
30 35

31
29
B
书评
人与社会
Dorothy Wickenden的书籍
C
说明文
人与自然
“空中之眼”的技术应用于无人机
D
说明文
人与自我
征收的糖税来解决青少年儿童健康问题
新I卷
A
应用文
人与社会
文学概论课程评分办法
22 25 26 27 32 33

21 23 24 28 29 31 35
34
30
B
说明文
人与社会
日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力
C
说明文
人与社会
旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目
D
说明文
人与社会
因为饮食的改变导致了现在从世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音
新II卷
A
应用文
人与社会
儿童博物馆团体游
21 22 23 25 27 29

26 28 32 33 34 35

31
24 30
B
记叙文
人与社会
新型阅读体验
C
说明文
人与社会
使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车
D
说明文
人与社会
锻炼对于心脏的好处
2021
全国
甲卷
A
应用文
人与社会
摄影领域赛事
21 22 25 26 28 34

23 24 27 30 31 32 33

35
29
B
说明文
人与自然
人与动物
C
记叙文
人与社会
家庭生活
D
议论文
人与社会
生存与环境
全国
乙卷
A
说明文
人与社会
体育建筑
21 22 23 33

26 27 28 29 30 32 34 35

24 31
25
B
说明文
人与社会
科学与技术
C
说明文
人与自然
环境保护
D
说明文
人与自我
乐于、善于学习
新I卷
A
应用文
人与社会
罗马的四个旅馆
21 22 23 24 26 27 28 32

25 30
33 34

32 35
29
B
记叙文
人与社会
介绍钢琴翻页的职业
C
说明文
人与社会
湿地破坏，保护环境
D
议论文
人与自我
人们对情商概念的误解
新II卷
A
应用文
人与社会
今年夏天约克郡的四个活动
21 22 23 24 27 28 30 32 33 34 35
26 29
31
25
B
记叙文
人与自然
作者保护两个老虎幼崽
C
记叙文
人与社会
英国女教师获得奖金后帮助艺术家进入学校
D
说明文
人与社会
澳大利亚教授开发机器人来检测牧牛的情况
2020
全国I卷
A
应用文
人与社会
乘坐火车信息
21 22 23 33
24 25 27 28 29 30 31 34
32 35
26
B
说明文
人与自我
认识自我
C
说明文
人与自然
体育健康
D
记叙文
人与自我
人与植物
全国II卷
A
说明文
人与社会
旅游交通
21 22 23 24 25 26 29 34
28 31 32
27 35
30 33
B
说明文
人与社会
完善自我
C
说明文
人与自然
人与动物
D
说明文
人与自我
终身学习
全国III卷
A
说明文
人与社会
地理概况
21 22 23 24 33 34
27 28 29 30 32
25 31 35
26
B
说明文
人与社会
人与动物
C
说明文
人与自然
家庭生活
D
说明文
人与自我
生存与环境
推理判断类题目近三年高考的设问方式如下：
序号
来源
题干
1
2022甲卷
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
2
2022甲卷
34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
3
2022甲卷
35. Which statement will the author probably agree with?
4
2022乙卷
5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
5
2022乙卷
7. What is the text?
6
2022乙卷
10. What function is expected of the rail drones?
7
2022乙卷
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
8
2022新I卷
21. Where is this text probably taken from?
9
2022新I卷
23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
10
2022新I卷
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
11
2022新I卷
28. What is the purpose of the project?
12
2022新I卷
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
13
2022新I卷
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
14
2022新I卷
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
15
2022新II卷
6. What does the author think of himself?
16
2022新II卷
8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
17
2022新II卷
12. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?
18
2022新II卷
13. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?
19
2022新II卷
14. What does Levine’s research find?
20
2022新II卷
15. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
21
2021甲卷
23. Where can the text be found?
22
2021甲卷
24. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
23
2021甲卷
27. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
24
2021甲卷
30. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
25
2021甲卷
31. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
26
2021甲卷
32.What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
27
2021甲卷
33.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
28
2021乙卷
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
29
2021乙卷
30. What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers?
30
2021乙卷
35. What can we infer about the author from the text?
31
2021新I卷
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage?
32
2021新I卷
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
33
2021新I卷
33. Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in paragraph 2?
34
2021新I卷
34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
35
2021新II卷
6. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?
36
2021新II卷
9. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?
37
2020全国I卷
24.Why does the author like rereading?
38
2020全国I卷
27.What can we infer about the author from the text?
39
2020全国I卷
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
40
2020全国I卷
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
41
2020全国I卷
34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
42
2020全国II卷
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
43
2020全国II卷
31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
44
2020全国II卷
32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
45
2020全国III卷
27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
46
2020全国III卷
28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
47
2020全国III卷
29. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?
48
2020全国III卷
30. What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?
49
2020全国III卷
32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
高考推理判断题的考查方式
分类
特点
方法
隐含判断题
题干中infer、conclude、suggest、imply、indicate、assume等词
1. 仔细浏览所有选项，排除与原文信息一样的选项
2. 立足原文，结合语境和常识，在原文的基础上进行合乎逻辑的推断
预测推断题
根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测判断
1. 梳理篇章结构
2. 把握写作思路，如事件发展的先后顺序、因果关系、递进关系、对比关系、空间转换
3. 弄清句、段之间的逻辑关系
4. 作出科学、合理的预测
文章出处题
原则：从文章内容或结构判断其出处
对号入座：
报纸：前面常会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称
广告：格式特殊，容易辨认
产品说明：常含有操作方式、使用方法等
网页：常含有网页的典型用语，如网址
观点态度题
常见词汇：objective/neutral/indifferent/unclear/positive/approving/optimistic/hopeful/negative/disapproving/critical/pessimistic/doubtful/skeptical
1. 全面理解文章的内容和中心思想
2. 抓住体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例
3. 注意流露作者思想倾向或感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词
经典真题呈现
（2022·全国乙卷·阅读B）
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
1．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A．To teach in a school. B．To study American history.
C．To write a book. D．To do sightseeing.
2．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships.
3．Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A．The extreme climate of Auburn. B．The living conditions in Elkhead.
C．The railroad building in the Rockies. D．The natural beauty of the West.
4．What is the text?
A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry.
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【解析】
这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
（2022·全国I卷·阅读A）
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
5．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A course plan. D．An academic article.
6．How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
7．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A．You will receive a zero. B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test. D．You will have to rewrite it.
【答案】
5．C 6．B 7．A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
5．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”、“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。
（2022·全国II卷·阅读D）
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
8．What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?
A．The right way of exercising. B．The causes of a heart attack.
C．The difficulty of keeping fit. D．The aging process of the heart.
9．In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?
A．Diet plan. B．Professional background.
C．Exercise type. D．Previous physical condition.
10．What does Levine’s research find?
A．Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B．High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C．It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D．The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
11．What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
A．Making use of the findings. B．Interviewing the study participants.
C．Conducting further research. D．Clarifying the purpose of the study.
【答案】
8．D 9．C 10．A 11．C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段的““Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.(第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。)”和第四段的““We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine.(莱文说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。”)”可知，莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.(但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
（2021·全国甲卷·阅读B）
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
12．Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A．Costly. B．Controversial. C．Ambitious. D．Successful.
13．What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?
A．She loves staying with her mother. B．She dislikes outdoor activities.
C．She is in good condition D．She is sensitive to heat.
14．What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A．They had their first born in January. B．They enjoyed exploring new places
C．They lived with their grandmothers. D．They were brought to the reserve young
15．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.
B．It aims to control the number of the animals.
C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【答案】
12．D 13．C 14．A 15．D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
12．推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve (她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。通过文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Port Lympne，体重约为32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
（2021·全国乙卷·阅读D）
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
16．Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A．It helps him concentrate. B．It blocks out background noise.
C．It has a pleasant atmosphere. D．It encourages face-to-face interactions.
17．Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A．Total silence. B．50 decibels C．70 decibels. D．8 5 decibels.
18．What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A．Personal privacy unprotected. B．Limited working space.
C．Restrictions on group discussion. D．Constant interruptions.
19．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He’s a news reporter.
B．He’s an office manager.
C．He’s a professional designer.
D．He’s a published writer.
【答案】
16．A 17．C 18．D 19．D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段“That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street - so I can focus.（这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格——这样我就可以集中精力了。）”可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A项。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group - those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop - significantly outperformed the other groups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，音量为70分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明显好于其他组。）”和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise - not too loud and not total silence - may actually improve one's creative thinking ability.（但由于70分贝的结果很显著，该研究还表明，适当的背景噪音——不要太大声，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。）”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。
18．细节理解题。根据最后一段“So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.（那么，为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，然而，共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰的自由。）”可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D 项。
19．推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。
（2020·全国I卷·阅读C）
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
20．Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A．They must run long distances.
B．They are qualified for the marathon.
C．They have to follow special rules.
D．They are good at swinging their legs.
21．What advantage does race walking have over running?
A．It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B．It’s less challenging physically.
C．It’s more effective in body building.
D．It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
22．What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A．Getting experts’ opinions.
B．Having a medical checkup.
C．Hiring an experienced coach.
D．Doing regular exercises.
23．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A．Skeptical. B．Objective.
C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
【答案】
20．C 21．D 22．A 23．B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。
21．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr. Norberg说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。
23．推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。