所属成套资源:【新高考地区专用】高考英语语言运用专题复习考点讲与练(含解析)
【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题2《完形填空》全能练(含解析)(新高考地区专用)
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这是一份【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题2《完形填空》全能练(含解析)(新高考地区专用),文件包含完形填空解析版-备战2023年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题docx、完形填空原卷版-备战2023年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共34页, 欢迎下载使用。
完形填空
命题特点
完形填空就是在一篇语义完整的短文中有目的地挖出一些空白,造成信息链的中断,让学生在重新理解短文的基础上,综合运用所学知识和常识,对每个空格的备选选项作出尽可能合理的分析、判断,从中选出最佳答案,使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明、文意畅达、逻辑严密。其主要考查特点如下:
² 选材难度与教材大致相同,内容贴近生活
² 以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主,也有说明文和议论文
² 以语境考查为主,不单纯考查语法
² 以实词为主,虚词为辅;以单词为主,词组为辅
题型分析
完形填空淡化了对语法的考察,侧重对语境的考查,因此从语境的角度对考点进行分类非常重要。通过对近五年全国高考题的分析发现,考查最多的三类题为情景语境题、词汇语境题和文化语境题。
命题特点
解题策略
例题展示
情景语境题
1. 考查通过上下文的提示或暗示对整体文意进行把握的能力
2. 淡化对语法的考查,重在文意的干扰,即把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情景中去
1. 依据首句或首段预测全文大意和主旨
2. 依据上下文语境进行选择,避免脱离全文断章取义
3. 了解各段之间的联系,依据逻辑关系进行选择
(2022·新高考全国卷II)
In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars . To look into the 24 _, Wang disguised (伪装) himself and 25( joined ) the beggars
A . minor B . case
C . future D . question
【解析】根据上文“ In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars .”可知,乞丐与小偷的行为已经构成犯罪,此处指警察王先生调查这一“犯罪案件”。故选B。
词汇语境题
考查词汇的词性、含义、固定搭配、熟词生义等方面,考法相对灵活,题目占比虽不大,却能考察出学生的基本功,拉开分数的差距
1. 寻找信息,确定搭配关系
2. 注意常用短语动词的辨认,尤其是动词短语
3. 同义词或形近词辨析
4. 衔接词语辨析
(新高考全国卷I)
Wang , who is often in 33( dangerous ) situations , is also a judo (柔道) master .“As long as I get close enough, no criminal can 34 from me ,” he said.
A. separate B. recover
C. еscаре D. hear
【解析】根据上文王先生为抓小偷混入乞丐中以及他是一位柔道高手可知,此处指他只要靠得足够近,就没有罪犯能够从他手中“逃脱”。故选C。
文化语境题
1. 范围广,但难度不大
2. 纵横交错,主题为重
1. 中西兼顾,合理推断
2. 广泛积累,未雨绸缪
(新高考全国卷I)
49(Remove)bunny from the belt. This was 50 (harder) than it sounds. 51 . a bit and the cakes pile up.
A. Calm down B. Slow down
C. Stay on D. Move on
【解析】根据空格后的the cakes pile up可知,如果速度慢下来,蛋糕就会堆积,故选B。
策略指导
² 注意文章的整体性
快速通读全文,掌握文章的主旨大意。我们在答题时,应先通读文章,对全文的第一句话和最后一句话以及每个段落的首尾两句话给予充分的关注。因为这些句子往往提纲挈领,有助于发现文章的主旨和每段的大意。不要急于看选项、找答案,在通篇浏览全文时,注意力应放在文章中出现的时间、地点、人物及事件上。
² 把握宏观,留心微观,理顺逻辑
在试填选项后,一定要通读文章,从整体上检查结构是否正确,语义是否连贯,逻辑是否通顺。另外,连词、副词是完形填空常考的词,在选择时要特别注意上下文的语气、语态,避免出现逻辑混乱。只有明白文章结构,了解各段之间的关系,才能加深对文章的理解。
² 上下文关联找出语境,关注句子结构
完形填空是人为地切断文章的信息链,再让我们依据自己对文章的理解恢复文章信息链的题型。本答题时,首先要汪意所选的答案填人空白处后,整个句子的语法结构是否合理;其次,看语义是否通顺,上下文是否连贯、呼应;最后,如果几个选项填入空白处,结构和语义都没有问题,那么就要在逻辑上看填入哪个选项最为合理。
² 巧辨词语和句型,活用同义与常识
完形埴空是考查我们能否熟练地掌握词组、习语和句型的题型,因此我们平时要注意词组、习语和句型的积累。在答题过程中,我们如果能迅速地判断词组、习语和句型,不仅会提高答题的准确率,而且可以节省答题时间。能否辨别同义词的不同含义是考查是否掌握词汇的重要途径,很多词在不同的上下文中会有不同的意思,因此一定要在认真读懂文章的基础上作答。
² 掌握多种方法,恢复文章原貌
首先,在阅读中要尽量记住最能表现文章主要内容的关键句段,如含时间、人物、地点等信息的重点词句,力求把文章内容串联起来,构成整体概念,明确文章内容的逻辑关系及来龙去脉;其次,认真分析句子的意思是否完整,凡是不连贯、内容不明的句段要重点观察,最后,反复阅读所给文章,考虑哪个选项为最优选,能够更好地为文章服务。
真题重现
(2022·新高考全国卷I)
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our ___1___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we ___2___ along Chalk Creek. I was ___3___ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was ___4___, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So ___5___ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It ___6___ — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___7___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___8___ our peaceful morning trip. The ___9___ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to ______10______ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No ______11______. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there ______12______, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were ______13______.
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of ______14______, wondering what camping fun and ______15______ we will experience next.
1.A.ideas B.jokes C.memories D.discoveries
2.A.camped B.drove C.walked D.cycled
3.A.annoyed B.surprised C.disappointed D.worried
4.A.unhurt B.unfortunate C.uncomfortable D.unafraid
5.A.due to B.instead of C.apart from D.as for
6.A.worked B.happened C.mattered D.changed
7.A.signed up B.calmed down C.checked out D.headed off
8.A.arranged B.interrupted C.completed D.recorded
9.A.wind B.noise C.temperature D.speed
10.A.find B.hide C.start D.fix
11.A.luck B.answer C.wonder D.signal
12.A.patiently B.tirelessly C.doubtfully D.helplessly
13.A.sorry B.brave C.safe D.right
14.A.relief B.duty C.pride D.excitement
15.A.failure B.adventure C.performance D.conflict
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C
11.A 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和家人在旅行过程中经历过的趣事与冒险,并且作者和家人都十分期待即将经历的冒险。
1.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们的一些记忆很有趣,尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A. ideas想法;B. jokes笑话;C. memories记忆;D. discoveries发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可知,作者在讲述以前一些经历,这些经历回想起来很有趣,因此作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C项。
2.考查动词词义辨析。句意:有一次,我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营;B. drove开车;C. walked散步;D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”可知,作者与家人在过去的十年来有着美妙的露营经历,而此处作者讲述的是其中的一次经历,他们一起在溪边露营。故选A项。
3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我担心我们15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里。A. annoyed恼怒的;B. surprised惊讶的C. disappointed失望的;D. worried担心的。根据下文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”可知,作者把一根绳子系在儿子的腰上就是怕自己的孩子会掉进小溪里,所以可知作者对此是很担心的。故选D项。
4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他很不舒服,他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的;B. unfortunate不幸的;C. uncomfortable不舒服的;D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可知,孩子之所以哭是因为身上被绑绳子而感觉不舒服。故选C项。
5.考查介词短语辨析。句意:所以我没有把他绑起来,而是密切关注着他。A. due to由于;B. instead of代替,而不是;C. apart from除了;D. as for至于。根据上文“He was___4___, and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a close eye on him”可知,因为孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服,所以作者换了另一种方式,选择密切关注他,而不是在他身上绑绳子。故选B项。
6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:它起作用了,他最终没有掉进小溪里。A. worked起作用;B. happened发生;C. mattered事关紧要;D. changed改变。根据下文“he didn’t end up in the creek.”可知,孩子没有掉进小溪里是因为作者在密切关注着他,以防他掉下去,因此可知作者采取的这种关注小孩而不是用绳子把他绑起来的方式起作用了。故选A项。
7.考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们出发时,天空很晴朗,但山中风暴来势汹汹,风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册,报名;B. calmed down冷静下来;C. checked out退房,结账离开;D. headed off启程,出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可知,天气突然变化,出发时还天气晴朗。故选D项。
8.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们出发时,天空很晴朗,但山中风暴来势汹汹,风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排;B. interrupted中断;C. completed完成;D. recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可知,因为风暴来临,所以作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B项。
9.考查名词词义辨析。句意:狂风大作,雷声隆隆。A. wind风;B. noise噪音;C. temperature温度;D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”以及下文的“thunder rolled.”可知,天气变得很糟糕,大风刮了起来。故选A项。
10.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动马达。A. find找到;B. hide隐藏;C. start启动;D. fix修理。根据下文“Nothing. He tried again.”以及“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知,作者他们被困在湖中央,是因为马达坏了,发动不起来,因此可知作者的丈夫尝试将船启动。故选C项。
11.考查名词词义辨析。句意:没有好运。A. luck好运;B. answer回答;C. wonder惊奇;D. signal信号。根据下文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知,作者的丈夫再次尝试启动,船依然无法启动,因此可知他们运气很差,没有好运。故选A项。
12.考查副词词义辨析。句意:当我们无助地坐在那里时,一个渔夫停了下来,扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地;B. tirelessly不知疲倦地;C. doubtfully怀疑地;D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知,在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了,作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D项。
13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我们安全了。A. sorry抱歉的;B. brave勇敢的;C. safe安全的;D. right正确的。根据上文“a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back”可知,作者他们得到了渔夫的帮助,因此作者和家人安全了。故选C项。
14.考查名词词义辨析。句意:现在,每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时,我们都会充满兴奋,想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. relief救济;B. duty职责;C. pride自豪;D. excitement兴奋。根据上文的“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage”以及下文的“wondering what camping fun”可知,作者他们一看到丈夫把露营车拉出来时,他们就会想知道接下来露营的乐趣是怎么样的,因此可知作者他们是期待接下来的露营,对此充满兴奋之情。故选D项。
15.考查名词词义辨析。句意:现在,每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时,我们都会充满兴奋,想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. failure失败;B. adventure冒险;C. performance表现;D. conflict冲突。根据上文“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of___14___, wondering what camping fun and”以及下文“we will experience next”可知,作者与家人想知道下一次露营的乐趣是什么,因此也十分期待即将经历的冒险。故选B项。
(2022·新高考全国卷II)
Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it ___16___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___17___ , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel ___18___ .
They’re part of a new form of the ___19___ economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in ___20___ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s ___21___ .
It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___22___ their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to ___23___ . But house sitting also offers a level of ___24___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like ____25____ at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
The couple has a high ____26____ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s ____27____ . For Jessica, that means ____28____ plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house ____29____ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right ____30____ ,” she says.
16.A.indoors B.online C.single-handed D.full-time
17.A.game B.service C.vacation D.procedure
18.A.safe B.busy C.helpful D.affordable
19.A.local B.private C.sharing D.agricultural
20.A.strangers’ B.parents’ C.co-workers’ D.neighbors’
21.A.favor B.defense C.honor D.absence
22.A.plan B.explain C.compare D.complete
23.A.buy B.transport C.choose D.please
24.A.support B.comfort C.control D.attention
25.A.cooking B.staying C.waiting D.studying
26.A.success B.survival C.growth D.unemployment
27.A.budget B.abilities C.expectations D.understanding
28.A.admiring B.donating C.sending D.borrowing
29.A.clean B.open C.simple D.empty
30.A.guess B.decision C.response D.impression
【答案】
16.D 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.A 21.D 22.A 23.D 24.B 25.B 26.A 27.C 28.C 29.A 30.B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Jessica和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的事情。在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中,他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高,他们总是超出房主的预期。
16.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:与他们中的大多数人不同,这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A. indoors室内;B. online在线的;C. single-handed单手的;D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.(在过去的两年里,她和她的丈夫周游世界,从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知,这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。故选D。
17.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期,但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏;B. service服务;C. vacation假期;D. procedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行,所以是假期。故选C。
18.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期,但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. safe安全的;B. busy忙碌的;C. helpful有帮助的;D. affordable买的起的。对应上文“It might sound like one long, expensive”指听起来昂贵,但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。故选D。
19.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们是共享经济新形式的一部分:在线看房者。A. local当地的;B. private私人的;C. sharing分享;D. agricultural农业的。根据后文“economy: an online group of house sitters”以及提到他们免费住在陌生人家里,可见是共享经济,故选C。
20.考查名词词义辨析。句意:在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中,他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的;B. parents’父母的;C. co-workers’同事的;D. neighbors’邻居的。根据上文可知他们在环球旅行,所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。
21.考查名词词义辨析。句意:在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中,他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favor帮助;B. defense防御;C. honor荣誉;D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
22.考查动词词义辨析。句意:这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行,围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. plan计划;B. explain解释;C. compare比较;D. complete完成。根据宾语“their trips”指计划旅行,应用plan。故选A。
23.考查动词词义辨析。句意:这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行,围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. buy购买;B. transport运输;C. choose选择;D. please取悦。根据上文“the pets that are sometimes difficult to”指某些宠物很难照管,故选D。
24.考查名词词义辨析。句意:但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support支持;B. comfort舒适,安慰;C. control控制;D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家,可见照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。
25.考查动词词义辨析。句意:“这就像住在朋友家一样,”Jessica说。A. cooking烹饪;B. staying停留;C. waiting等待;D. studying学习。根据后文“at a friend’s house”指像呆在朋友家,应用stay at。故选B。
26.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高,他们总是超出房主的预期。A. success成功;B. survival存活;C. growth生长;D. unemployment失业。根据后文“rate in getting accepted as house sitters”可知此处指他们被接受为看房人的成功率,应用success。故选A。
27.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高,他们总是超出房主的预期。A. budget预算;B. abilities能力;C. expectations期待;D. understanding理解。上文提到这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高,是因为他们总是超出房主的预期,所以成功率才高。故选C。
28.考查动词词义辨析。句意:对杰西卡来说,这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片,保持房子的清洁,在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. admiring钦佩;B. donating捐赠;C. sending发送;D. borrowing借来。根据后文“plenty of pictures of happy pets”指给房主发送宠物的照片。故选C。
29.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对杰西卡来说,这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片,保持房子的清洁,在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. clean干净的;B. open开放的;C. simple简单的;D. empty空的。根据上文可知,他们的职责就是照看房子,所以要保持房子的清洁。故选A。
30.考查名词词义辨析。句意:“你要让房主觉得他们做了正确的决定,”她说。A. guess猜测;B. decision决定;C. response反应;D. impression印象。是房主选择了他们当看房人,所以是房主做了正确的决定,故选B。
(2021·新高考全国卷I)
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ____31____ little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its ____32____throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ____33____ help during our spring break, for which I had no____34____ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d ____35____ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory____36____. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their ____37____.
Our____38____in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.____39____ bunny from the belt. This was ______40______ than it sounds.______41______ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d ______42______ .
Dad _____43_____. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood______44______ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you______45______ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
31.A.sold B.ordered C.made D.reserved
32.A.stores B.families C.schools D.citizens
33.A.generous B.financial C.technical D.temporary
34.A.plans B.problems C.excuses D.hobbies
35.A.offer B.earn C.set D.suggest
36.A.worked B.closed C.developed D.survived
37.A.ambition B.permission C.experience D.invitation
38.A.joys B.ideas C.roles D.choices
39.A.Save B.Keep C.Stop D.Remove
40.A.harder B.better C.longer D.cheaper
41.A.Calm down B.Slow down C.Stay on D.Move on
42.A.indicated B.witnessed C.expected D.remembered
43.A.cried B.smiled C.hesitated D.refused
44.A.tasting B.finding C.sharing D.delivering
45.A.withdraw B.donate C.receive D.appreciate
【答案】
31.C 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.A 37.B 38.C 39.D 40.A 41.B 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在一次春假时,作者去工厂打工赚钱,感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让孩子感谢得到的报酬,而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。
31.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理,在复活节期间,这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售;B. ordered命令;C. made制作;D. reserved预定。根据下文“Our ____8____ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. ____9____ bunny from the belt.”可知,这家面包店是制作兔子蛋糕的。故选C。
32.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理,在复活节期间,这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店;B. families家庭;C. schools学校;D. citizens市民。根据下文“throughout Cleveland”以及常识可知,此处表示这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作兔子蛋糕。故选A。
33.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:春假期间,市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙,这段时间我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. generous慷慨的;B. financial金融的;C. technical技术的;D. temporary暂时的。根据下文“during our spring break”可知,这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。
34.考查名词词义辨析。句意:春假期间,市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙,这段时间我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. plans计划;B. problems问题;C. excuses借口;D. hobbies爱好。根据下文“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知,此处表示作者没有其他计划。故选A。
35.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我会挣最低工资。A. offer提供;B. earn挣得;C. set放置;D. suggest建议。根据下文“minimum wage”可知,作者会挣最低工资。故选B。
36.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我会看到工厂是如何运作的。A. worked运作;B. closed关闭;C. developed发展;D. survived幸存。根据上文“I’d see how a factory”可知,此处表示作者可以看到工厂是如何运作的。故选A。
37.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的主意,并打电话给Betsy的父亲,得到了他们的允许。A. ambition抱负;B. permission允许;C. experience经历;D. invitation邀请。根据上文“My parents thought all of this was a grand idea”可知,作者的父母认为这个主意很好,所以他们打电话给Betsy的父亲,得到了他们的允许。故选B。
38.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们在工厂的任务很简单:把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。A. joys欢乐;B. ideas观点;C. roles任务;D. choices选择。根据下文“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. ____9____ bunny from the belt.”可知,此处表示作者在工厂的任务。故选C。
39.考查动词词义辨析。句意:把兔子蛋糕从传送带上拿下来。A. Save节省;B. Keep保持;C. Stop停止;D. Remove移动。根据下文“bunny from the belt.”可知,此处表示把兔子蛋糕从传送带上拿下来。故选D。
40.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这比听起来难多了。A. harder更难的;B. better更好的;C. longer更长的;D. cheaper更便宜的。根据下文“_____11_____ a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知,这项工作比听起来更难。故选A。
41.考查动词短语辨析。句意:慢一点,蛋糕就堆起来了。A. Calm down平静下来;B. Slow down慢一点;C. Stay on继续停留;D. Move on往前走。根据下文“and the cakes pile up”以及常识可知,速度慢一点,传送带上的蛋糕就会堆积起来。故选B。
42.考查动词词义辨析。句意:正如我在第一晚的晚餐时告诉父母的那样,压力比我预想的要大一点。A. indicated表明;B. witnessed目击;C. expected预料;D. remembered记得。根据上文“This was _____10_____ than it sounds. _____11_____ a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知,工作的实际情况比作者预料的压力更大。故选C。
43.考查动词词义辨析。句意:父亲笑了。A. cried哭;B. smiled微笑;C. hesitated犹豫;D. refused拒绝。根据下文“This was the sort of work that made you _____15_____ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”可知,作者的父亲看到作者在挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获,父亲笑了。故选B。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个杂货商的儿子,他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送食物。A. tasting品尝;B. finding找到;C. sharing分享;D. delivering递送。根据上文“The son of a grocer”可知,作为一个杂货商的儿子,作者的父亲夏天会去送食物。故选D。
45.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他告诉我,这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬,并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退;B. donate捐赠;C. receive收到;D. appreciate感激。根据下文“the dollars you earned”以及常识可知,此处表示感激自己劳动所得的报酬。故选D。
(2021·新高考全国卷II)
Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times, and has even learned to ____46____ different dialects(方言),leading to him being described as an “Oscar-winning actor".
The 60-year-old is not an actor, but a ____47____ However, he is more devoted to his “____48____ "than any real actor.
In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. To look into the ____49____,Wang disguised(伪装)himself and ____50____ the beggars. Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the ____51____ of a real beggar and his convincing dialect soon won him the ____52____ of the beggars.
“I often ____53____ them to drink alcohol. Once they were ____54____,they began to talk a lot,"Wang said. “I'd then ____55____ myself to use the toilet, ____56____ what the beggars said, and send the ____57____ to my teammates.”
Wang,who is often in ____58____ situations, is also a judo (柔道) master. “As long as I get close enough, no criminal can ____59____ from me," he said.
Wang's ____60____ won him several honors, including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris.
46.A.teach B.compare C.assess D.speak
47.A.lawyer B.doctor C.policeman D.businessman
48.A.role B.study C.family D.audience
49.A.minor B.case C.future D.question
50.A.interviewed B.joined C.arrested D.assisted
51.A.challenge B.experience C.appearance D.freedom
52.A.vote B.sympathy C.permission D.trust
53.A.invited B.forced C.helped D.expected
54.A.drunk B.deserted C.bored D.lost
55.A.guide B.persuade C.excuse D.allow
56.A.refer to B.note down C.ask about D.miss out
57.A.plan B.agreement C.direction D.information
58.A.awkward B.dangerous C.unfortunate D.strange
59.A.separate B.recover C.escape D.hear
60.A.courage B.honesty C.kindness D.optimism
【答案】
46.D 47.C 48.A 49.B 50.B 51.C 52.D 53.A 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.D 58.B 59.C 60.A
【解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了警察王先生在过去的38年里,多次假扮别人,甚至学会了说不同的方言,不顾危险混入犯罪团伙,成功破案的故事。
46.考查动词词义辨析。句意:在过去的38年里,王先生多次假扮别人,甚至学会了说不同的方言,这让他被称为“奥斯卡获奖演员”。A.teach 教授;B.compare 比较;C.assess评估; D.speak讲话 。根据“Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times”可知,能扮成别人,还会讲不同的方言。故填D。
47.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这位60岁的老人不是演员,而是警察 。A.lawyer 律师;B.doctor医生; C.policeman 警察;D.businessman 商人。根据“To look into the ,Wang disguised(伪装)himself”以及“including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris.”可知,王先生是一名警察。故填C。
48.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而,他比任何真正的演员都更专注于他的“角色”。A.role 角色;B.study学习; C.family 家庭;D.audience观众 。根据“than any real actor.”可知,王投身于演员的角色中。故填A。
49.考查名词词义辨析。句意:为了调查这个案子,王伪装自己并加入了乞丐中。A.minor 未成年人,辅修;B.case 情况,案件;C.future 未来;D.question问题 。根据“In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. ”可知,这是一起犯罪案件。故填B。
50.考查动词词义辨析。句意:为了调查这个案子,王伪装自己并加入了乞丐中。A.interviewed采访; B.joined 加入;C.arrested 逮捕;D.assisted协助。根据“To look into the”可知,他混入乞丐中。故填B。
51.考查名词词义辨析。句意:肮脏的短裤和旧鞋子使他看起来像一个真正的乞丐,他那令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。A.challenge 挑战;B.experience 经历;C.appearance出现,外表; D.freedom自由 。根据“ Dirty shorts and old shoes”可知,这是描述外表。故填C。
52.考查名词词义辨析。句意:肮脏的短裤和旧鞋子使他看起来像一个真正的乞丐,他那令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。A.vote 投票;B.sympathy 同情;C.permission 批准;D.trust 信任。根据“ his convincing dialect soon won him the”可知,他的方言讲得好,赢得乞丐们信任。故填D。
53.考查动词词义辨析。句意:“我经常邀请他们喝酒。一旦他们喝醉了,他们就开始说很多话。A.invited 邀请;B.forced 强迫;C.helped 帮助;D.expected期待。根据“them to drink alcohol”可知,为了套话,王先生请他们喝酒。故填A。
54.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:“我经常邀请他们喝酒。一旦他们喝醉了,他们就开始说很多话。A.drunk喝醉的; B.deserted抛弃的; C.bored 无聊的;D.lost失去的 。根据“them to drink alcohol”可知,话多是在喝醉后。故填A。
55.考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后我会借口自己去厕所,记下乞丐说了什么,然后把信息发给我的队友。A.guide 引导;B.persuade劝说; C.excuse 找借口;D.allow允许 。根据“and send the to my teammates.”可知,为了发送出信息,王借口去厕所。故填C。
56.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:然后我会借口自己去厕所,记下乞丐说了什么,然后把信息发给我的队友。A.refer to 指的是;B.note down作记录; C.ask about 询问;D.miss out 错过,遗漏。根据“what the beggars said, ”可知,王把乞丐醉后真言记下来。故填B。
57.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然后我会借口自己去厕所,记下乞丐说了什么,然后把信息发给我的队友。A.plan 计划;B.agreement 同意;C.direction 指导;D.information 信息。根据“what the beggars said, ”可知,这是重要信息。故填D。
58.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:王是经常在危险的情况下,也是一个柔道大师。A.awkward 尴尬的;B.dangerous危险的; C.unfortunate 不幸的;D.strange奇怪的 。根据“ no criminal can from me,"”可知,经常处于犯罪分子中,这是很危险的情况。故填B。
59.考查动词词义辨析。句意:“只要我离得够近,任何罪犯都逃不掉,”他说。A.separate 分离;B.recover恢复; C.escape 逃避;D.hear 听到。根据“ is also a judo (柔道) master. ”可知,身为柔道大师,他不放过罪犯。故填C。
60.考查名词词义辨析。句意:王的勇气为他赢得了许多荣誉,包括一枚全国五一劳动奖章和11项嘉奖。A.courage 勇气;B.honesty 诚实;C.kindness 善良;D.optimism 乐观。根据“Wang disguised(伪装)himself”可知,王乔装打扮混入罪犯团伙,勇气可嘉。故填A。
(2020·新高考全国卷I)
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second_____61_____. He learned the value and beauty of ____62____ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something ____63____ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the ____64____ it caused had driven away a number of birds. ____65____, the number of snakes had declined as well. He ____66____ that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the ____67____. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek ____68____ during the daytime. He turned to the ____69____ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and _____70_____a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
____71____ young plants in the dry season was ______72______for a lone boy. Molai built at the _____73_____ of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to______74______ rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.
Molai _____75_____ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
61.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice
62.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge
63.A.precious B.interesting C.disturbing D.awkward
64.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage
65.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise
66.A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.predicted
67.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust
68.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter
69.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance
70.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed
71.A.Decorating B.Observing C.Watering D.Guarding
72.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial
73.A.back B.top C.foot D.side
74.A.cool down B.keep off C.purify D.collect
75.A.returned B.learned C.failed D.continued
【答案】
61.C 62.A 63.C 64.D 65.A 66.B 67.B 68.D 69.C 70.B 71.C 72.A 73.B 74.D 75.D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候,一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物,很多鸟儿离开,蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切,他经过努力,在附近找到了一个小岛,开始种树。在30多年的时间里,他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
61.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近,那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想;B. job工作;C. home家;D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知,他出生的村庄是他的家,村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。
62.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然;B. youth青春,年轻;C. culture文化;D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
63.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时,Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的;B. interesting有趣的;C. disturbing令人不安的,引起烦恼的;D. generous慷慨的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭,很多鸟儿离开,蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常,令人不安。故选C。
64.考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候,一场洪水袭击了这个地区,洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物;B. tension紧张;C. pain疼痛,痛苦;D. damage损害,伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区,它会“损害”庄稼、树木,这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
65.考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外,蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外,另外;B. However但是;C. Therefore因此;D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知,洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且,它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
66.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意;B. realized意识到;C. remembered记住,记起;D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
67.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音;B. heat热;C. disease疾病;D. dust尘土。根据常识可知,树木可以提供阴凉,从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。
68.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然,解决的办法是种树,这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向;B. partners伙伴,合作伙伴;C. help帮助;D. shelter遮蔽,庇护,遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。
69.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助,但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动;B. police警察;C. forest森林;D. finance财政,金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知,Molai想要种树,所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。
70.考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而,Molai自己去看了看,发现了附近的一个岛屿,他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建;B. discovered发现;C. left离开;D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”looking on his own”可知,他自己去看,那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。
71.考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说,在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰;B. Observing观察到;C. Watering浇水;D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知,在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。
72.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说,在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的;B. illegal非法的;C. fantastic极好的;D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知,Molai想尽办法收集雨水,由此推知,旱季缺水,给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。
73.考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台,在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部;B. top顶端;C. foot脚;D. side一边,一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知,水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知,竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。
74.考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台,在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down冷却下来;B. keep off与……保持距离;C. purify净化,使纯净;D. collect收集。根据常识可知,陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知,他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。
75.考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里,Molai继续种树。A. returned返回;B. learned学会;C. failed失败;D. continued继续。根据后一句可知,他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知,在接下来的37年里,他“继续”种树。故选D。
(2020·新高考全国卷II)
When Jim Grant spotted black smoke coming out of a building on his way to work, he____76____his car to call 911. Then he____77____a U-turn, circling back to take another look.
Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames(火焰)shooting out of a second-floor window. Not seeing or hearing any fire engines____78____. Grant rushed to a side____79____and ran up the stairs.
On the second floor, he____80____every apartment door. "Get out!" Grant shouted, No one____81____and he assumed that people had already____82____. Reaching the end of the hallway, though, Grant____83____a half-open door. He kicked it wide open, finding a____84____woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby. "Let's_____85_____!" he screamed. The woman looked at him in confusion and said something about changing her clothes. Grant didn't wait, clutching(抓牢)the baby to his chest and_____86_____the boy alongside, Grant ran down the hallway. When he was_____87_____outside, the only_____88_____in sight was a policeman. Grant told him about the_____89_____and they rushed into the smoky building.
Thanks to them, a family was saved from the fire. Grant and the policeman were honored for their_____90_____.
76.A.drove B.stopped C.reached D.abandoned
77.A.saw B.made C.missed D.crossed
78.A.burning B.leaving C.approaching D.waiting
79.A.entrance B.road C.building D.window
80.A.locked B.kicked C.counted D.repaired
81.A.agreed B.cared C.responded D.understood
82.A.arrived B.returned C.hidden D.escaped
83.A.skipped B.closed C.noticed D.remembered
84.A.frightened B.curious C.patient D.grateful
85.A.turn back B.go up C.get out D.lie down
86.A.following B.dragging C.examining D.passing
87.A.safely B.secretly C.suddenly D.previously
88.A.witness B.guide C.service D.help
89.A.woman B.door C.car D.baby
90.A.wisdom B.generosity C.honesty D.courage
【答案】
76.B 77.B 78.C 79.A 80.B 81.C 82.D 83.C 84.A 85.C 86.B 87.A 88.D 89.A 90.D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了格兰特在上班的路上发现一栋大楼冒出黑烟并且楼上窗户喷火,他就冲上楼救了两个孩子,并且告诉警察上面还有一个女人,于是女人也获救了。
76.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当吉姆·格兰特在上班的路上发现一栋大楼冒出黑烟时,他停下车打911。A. drove驾驶;B. stopped停下来;C. reached到达;D. abandoned抛弃。分析可知,大楼冒黑烟是着火了,所以停下车去拨打911报警符合题意,故选B。
77.考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后他掉头,绕回来再看一眼。A. saw看;B. made做;C. missed错过;D. crossed交叉;横过。make a U-turn意为掉头,固定搭配。故选B。
78.考查动词词义辨析。句意:格兰特把车停到大楼前,看见火焰从二楼的窗户里喷出来。没有看到或听到任何消防车接近。格兰特冲到一个侧门跑上楼梯。A. burning燃烧;B. leaving离开;C. approaching接近;D. waiting等待。分析可知,火焰都已经从二楼喷出来,并且可以看出格兰特跑上楼梯去救火,可以推测是因为消防车没来,此处approaching表示接近,符合题意,故选C。
79.考查名词词义辨析。句意:格兰特把车停到大楼前,看见火焰从二楼的窗户里喷出来。没有看到或听到任何消防车接近。格兰特冲到一个侧门跑上楼梯。A. entrance入口;B. road路;C. building楼;D. window窗户。根据语境可知,二楼窗户喷火并且消防车没来所以格兰特冲到侧门是为了救火,符合题意,side entrance侧门。故选 A。
80.考查动词词义辨析。句意:在二楼,他踢了每个公寓的门。A. locked锁;B. kicked踢;C. counted计算;D. repaired修。根据上文可知,大楼着火了。格兰特冲上楼去救火,所以踢门符合题意,是为了看里面是否有人。故选B。
81.考查动词词义辨析。句意:没有人回应,他以为人们已经逃走了。A. agreed同意;B. cared照顾;C. responded回应;D. understood理解。分析可知,格兰特踢门问里面是否有人,再结合后面他认为人已经逃走了可以判断出是没有人回应他。故选C。
82.考查动词词义辨析。句意:没有人回应,他以为人们已经逃走了。A. arrived到达;B. returned返回;C. hidden藏;D. escaped逃离。分析可知,格兰特踢门但没有人回应,所以他以为人们已经逃走(escaped)符合题意,故选D。
83.考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而,到达走廊尽头时,格兰特注意到一扇半开的门。A. skipped跳;B. closed关闭;C. noticed注意;D. remembered记得。分析可知,上文格兰特以为人们都逃走了,并且格兰特是来救人的,所以格兰特注意到一扇半开的们符合题意,故选C。
84.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他把它踢得很宽,发现一个坐在轮椅上的吓坏了的女人,她带着一个小男孩和一个小婴儿。A. frightened害怕的;B. curious好奇的;C. patient耐心的;D. grateful感谢的。分析可知,发生了火灾,所以女人是害怕的符合题意,故选A。
85.考查动词短语辨析。句意:“我们出去吧!”他大声喊道。A. turn back返回;B. go up上升;C. get out出去;D. lie down躺下。分析可知,格兰特找到了被困人员,所以要带他们出去符合句意,故选C。
86.考查动词词义辨析。句意:格兰特没有等,他把婴儿抱起来,把男孩拖到旁边,沿着走廊跑去。A. following跟随;B. dragging拖;C. examining测试;D. passing通过。分析可知,要救他们出去,所以拖着男孩跑出去符合题意,故选B。
87.考查副词词义辨析。句意:当他安全地到外面时,唯一看得见的帮助就是一个警察。A. safely安全地;B. secretly秘密地;C. suddenly突然地;D. previously以前地。分析可知,格兰特把被困人员救了出来,所以只有安全地到达外面符合题意,故选A。
88.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当他安全地在外面时,看得见的唯一能够帮忙的人就是一个警察。A. witness目击者;B. guide指南;C. service服务;D. help帮助。分析可知,警察是提供帮助的,故选D。
89.考查名词词义辨析。句意:格兰特告诉他那个女人(还在里面),他们冲进烟雾弥漫的大楼。A. woman女人;B. door门;C. car车;D. baby婴儿。分析可知,格兰特把婴儿和男孩救出来了,女人还没有出来,所以他告诉警察那个女人还在里面,符合题意,故选A。
90.考查名词词义辨析。句意:多亏了他们,一家人才从火灾中获救。格兰特和警察因他们的勇气而受到表彰。A. wisdom智慧;B. generosity慷慨;C. honesty诚实;D. courage勇气。分析可知,警察和格兰特冲进大火里救了这一家人,是非常有勇气的,所以因他们的勇气而受到表彰符合题意,故选D。
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