【高考真题解密】高考英语真题题源——专题01《阅读理解（记叙文）》母题解密（全国通用）

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专题01 阅读理解( 记叙文 )


【母题来源一】2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（甲卷）
【母题题文】
C
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
29 What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
28.A
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
29.C
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
30.C
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
31.B
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Balinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. (这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Balinton对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Balinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An unforgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
【母题来源二】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（甲卷）
【母题题文】
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four
years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
24. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage?
A. Boring. B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
26. What does Titterton need to practise?
A. Counting the pages. B. Recognizing the “nodding”.
C. Catching falling objects. D. Performing in his own style.
27. Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”?
A. He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.
C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.


【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的Robert Titterton和他的工作情况。
24. A
细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.(我不是受过训练的音乐家，但我学会了识谱，这样我就可以在Maria的表演中帮助她)”可知，Titterton因为识谱，所以可以在Maria的钢琴表演中为她翻页。故选A项。
25.C
推理判断题。根据第三段“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.(这项工作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分)”可知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧。由此推知，Titterton的工作要求是很高的。故选C项。
26.B
细节理解题。根据第四段“Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.(无声的舞台交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格来表示翻页，他们需要和翻页者进行练习)”可知，Titterton需要和钢琴演奏者练习识别他们的“点头”示意来翻页。故选B项。
27.D
细节理解题。根据最后一段“He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’(他对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！”)”可知，Ms Raspopova的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故选D项。
【母题来源三】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（乙卷）
【母题题文】
B
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
4. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?
A. To ensure their survival. B. To observe their differences.
C. To teach them life skills. D. To let them play with his kids.
5. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
6. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?
A. Boring. B. Tiring. C. Costly. D. Risky.
7. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?
A. They frightened the children. B. They became difficult to contain.
C. They annoyed the neighbours. D. They started fighting each other.

【答案】4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
4.A
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home. (在全球范围内，动物园里三分之一的苏门答腊老虎幼崽活不到成年，所以我决定在家里全天候照顾它们)”可知，作者把老虎幼崽带回家是为了确保他们的存活。故选A。
5.A
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
6.B
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired.(由于需要大量的精力来照顾它们，事情很快变得非常紧张。有一段艰难的日子，我只是觉得非常累)”可推知，作者认为在家里养小老虎累人。故选B。
7.B
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go.(当Spot和Stripe四个月大的时候，他们正在学习如何开门和跳栅栏，我们知道是时候让他们离开了)”可知，作者决定把Spot 和Stripe送回动物园是因为他们变得难以控制。故选B。
【课程标准解读】
语篇阅读能力一直是高考英语的考查重点，因此阅读理解是高考英语试卷最重要的内容之一。阅读理解在各省市的高考卷中占分达40分左右，是决定考生英语成绩的一个重要题型。不管是全国高考卷，还是省区高考卷中基本每年都涉及记叙文的考查，这充分体现了＂为用而学，学以致用＂的新课程理念。
【命题意图】教育部考试中心公布的《考试说明》对阅读理解要求做了明确的规定，主要考查考生以下能力：理解主旨与要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义、做出判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。考生必须理解短文大意、文中重要信息点、作者观点，并深层理解作者的态度和意图。
【考试方向】记叙文是一种以记叙为主要表达方式的文章体裁，分为写人的记叙文和叙事的记叙文，人不离事，事不离人，但写作对象和写作目的有区别。写人的记叙文以人为写作对象，表现人物的品质特点，而叙事的记叙文以事件为记叙对象，揭示事件对人、对社会的思想意义。
【得分要点】
在做记叙文阅读理解题时，需要遵循三个原则：主旨原则、问题优先原则、证据原则。首先，阅读理解的题目通常会围绕主旨或主线，违背主旨的选项一般不是正确答案;与主旨无关的选项或原文中细枝末节的信息，即便选项内容正确，一般也不是正确答案。其次，考生在做阅读理解时，应先看问题，然后根据题干信息去文中寻找答案信息，将找到的信息与选项匹配。如果看题后立即看选项，可能会被选项的众多信息所干扰，而且也不容易记住选项信息。最后，考生在答题时一定要有证据意识，即所有答案一定都能从文中找到出处，切忌根据自己的主观和想法答题，或是根据常识判断，否则很容易失分。
除了主旨题以外的题目，大多数题目顺序与原文中各信息要点顺序一致。针对这些题目，可以采用区间定位的方法，根据题干信息锁定相应的区间进行答题，因此文章如有个别区间没有理解，不一定会影响其他题目的答题。下文将根据不同题型介绍相应的解题策略。
（一）细节题
细节题几乎是每一篇记叙文阅读理解中都会出现的题型，围绕文章主题考查考生对具体信息点的理解。考生需要细心审题，使用定位法答题，即先看问题，关注题干中可以帮助定位的关键词（如时间、地名、人物、重要的动词、名词、形容词等），同时还要关注疑问词（如what、how、why），疑问词不同，信息源的位置可能不同，或正确答案的特点不同。近年来细节题题干中的关键词往往会变换原文中的词汇和表达，需要考生平时积累词汇表达，理解语法现象。
1. 有些细节题可以直接根据题干中的关
键词定位到原文，找到选项的同义替换。
2.有些细节题的题干使用了原文信息的同义表达，因此需要识别题干中的同义表达，然后定位到原文，选择原文的同义转换。
3.有些细节题可以根据题干关键词快速定位，然后对定位处进行深层理解，正确选项能根据原文总结概括得到。
（二）推断题
推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要考生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。
（三）词义推断题
词义推断题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此考生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。此类题目可以采用以下几种方法：
1. 利用构词法
积累英语词汇中的前缀、后缀和词根的含义，进而能准确推测出相互组合形成的整体词义，但这种方法仅限于对一些有词根词缀的单词的考查。
2. 联系上下文语境
联系上下文是最常用和有效的方法，上下文指该词汇或表达所在的句子，以及这个句子的上下句。记叙文中句子之间或句子内部的逻辑关系主要有同义、反义、解释、因果。
3. 代入法
如果上述两种方法都不可行，还可采用将四个选项代入原文，对比选择最合适的一个。
（四）主旨题
主旨题考查学生对文章的整体把握，能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力。主旨题具体分为主旨大意题、最佳标题题和写作目的题。此类题目需遵循“末位原则”，即不论出现在哪一题，都要最后做。此类题型可以运用以下几种方法：
1. 根据全文关键词确定主题
关键词为在全文以同一个词或各种同义词、上下义词不断重复出现的词，这往往是全文的中心或主旨。
2. 把握文章逻辑结构
记叙文比较常见的逻辑结构为时间顺序和事情发展顺序，因此可关注文章中表示时间和事情发展过程的词。
3. 整体把握，从文章叙述的个人故事中体会其传达的信息
4. 对于写作目的题，可以结合文章体裁或关注文章首尾处
对于记叙文阅读理解，把握文章的中心和主旨、主人公或作者的主要观点和态度是十分必要的。考生需要在平时保持长期的持续性输入，进行泛读和一定量的阅读练习，培养记忆、分析、对比、判断、推理和综合能力，多反思总结，找到适合自己的策略。

1. （2022·广东韶关·二模）Days after Argentina canceled all international passenger flights to protect the country from the new coronavirus, Juan Manuel Ballestero began his journey home the only way possible: He stepped aboard his small sailboat for what turned out to be an 85-day voyage across the Atlantic.
The 47-year-old sailor could have stayed on the tiny Portuguese island of Porto Santo to survive the era of lockdowns and social distancing in a scenic place largely spared by the virus. But the idea of spending what he thought could be “the end of the world” away from his family, especially his father who was goon to turn 90, was unbearable.
“I didn’t want to stay like a coward on an island where there were no cases,” Mr. Ballestero said. “I wanted to do everything possible to return home. The most important thing for me was to be with my family.”
He bought his sailboat in 2017, hoping to travel around the world. “I wasn’t afraid, but I did have a lot of uncertainty,” he said. “It was very strange to sail in the middle of a pandemic with humanity teetering around me.”
Sailing can be lonely passion, and it was particularly so on this voyage for Mr. Ballestero. Despite the vastness of the ocean, Mr. Ballestero felt he was in isolation, imprisoned by an intense steam of not knowing what the future held. “I was locked up in my own freedom,” he recalled.
When he made it to his native Mar del Plata on June 17, he was shocked by the hero’s welcome he received. “Entering my port where my father had his sailboat, where he taught me so many things, where I learned how to sail and where all this originated, gave me the taste of a mission accomplished,” he said.
1．Why did Ballestero decide on his Trans-Atlantic sailing?
A．To return home and see his family. B．To explore scenic places of the world.
C．To avoid being considered as a coward. D．To stay away from the new coronavirus.
2．How did Ballestero feel during the journey?
A．Free and lonely. B．Frightened but proud.
C．Uncertain and isolated. D．Passionate but regretful.
3．What can be inferred about Ballestero from the last paragraph?
A．His father was eager to welcome him home.
B．He gained a sense of achievement and belonging.
C．He completed the task and therefore became a hero.
D．His father gave him the inspiration to sail single-handed.
4．What might be a suitable title for the text?
A．A History-making Sailor B．An Adventurous Experience
C．Sailing Solo to Reach Father D．Crossing the Atlantic Ocean
【答案】16．A 17．C 18．B 19．C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，短文叙述了阿根廷取消所有国际客运航班以保护该国免受新冠病毒感染几天后，胡安·曼努埃尔·巴列斯特罗以唯一可能的方式开始了他的回家之旅：他登上自己的小帆船，进行了一次横跨大西洋的85天航行。
1．A
细节理解题。根据第三段“I wanted to do everything possible to return home. The most important thing for me was to be with my family.”（我想尽一切办法回家。对我来说，最重要的是和家人在一起）可知，为什么巴列斯特罗决定跨大西洋航行的原因是回家看望家人。故选A项。
2．C
细节理解题。根据第四段“I wasn’t afraid, but I did have a lot of uncertainty.”（我不害怕，但我确实有很多不确定性）根据第五段“Despite the vastness of the ocean, Mr. Ballestero felt he was in isolation”（尽管大海浩瀚，巴列斯特罗还是觉得自己与世隔绝）可知，巴列斯特罗在旅途中感觉不确定和与世隔绝。故选C项。
3．B
推理判断题。根据最后一段“When he made it to his native Mar del Plata on June 17, he was shocked by the hero’s welcome he received.”（6月17日，当他回到家乡马德普拉塔时，他被英雄般的欢迎所震惊）以及“gave me the taste of a mission accomplished”（让我尝到了完成使命的滋味）可知，他获得了成就感和归属感。故选B项。
4．C
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Days after Argentina canceled all international passenger flights to protect the country from the new coronavirus, Juan Manuel Ballestero began his journey home the only way possible: He stepped aboard his small sailboat for what turned out to be an 85-day voyage across the Atlantic.”（阿根廷取消所有国际客运航班以保护该国免受新冠病毒感染几天后，胡安·曼努埃尔·巴列斯特罗以唯一可能的方式开始了他的回家之旅：他登上自己的小帆船，进行了一次横跨大西洋的85天航行）根据第二段“But the idea of spending what he thought could be “the end of the world” away from his family, especially his father who was goon to turn 90, was unbearable.”（但是，在他认为可能是“世界末日”的情况下，远离家人，尤其是远离90岁的父亲，这是令人难以忍受的）可知，短文的最佳标题为“独自驾船航行去见父亲”。故选C项。
2.（2022·河北·衡水市第二中学模拟预测）The poem When This is Over is now an educational tool which is studied like the works of Homer. Professional writer Laura Fanuc wrote the poem to cheer herself up. To her surprise, it went popular online. That’s the old news.
The new news is that the poem has become an education assignment for a humanities class in the South Bronx. It has inspired about 80 sixth graders to write their own version (版本).
The students are enrolled in the American Dream School, a charter school for English language learners and immigrant students. Teachers Daniel Zauderer and Niki DeGiorgio introduced their class to the poem, assigning them to study it with the aim of cultivating gratitude through poetry. These students stay at home with laptop computers, through which they connect with their classmates and teachers.
Fanuc’s poem is basically a list of everyday activities she can’t do because of social distancing, and that shall never take for granted again. It ends with an inspirational message of hope that we all will rise from this ordeal (磨难) to be better people.
The teachers challenged the students to brainstorm what they had taken for granted and what they hope people will learn, and to express themselves in a poem of their own. The class followed Fanuc is format (格式), reworking the poem. The students showed some love for DeGiorgio and Zauderer in their version of the poem, with the line: “Seeing my teachers face to face.”
“Working remotely during this pandemic is tough some days,” DeGiorgio said in a Face book post. “What brings me hope and joy is the beautiful hearts, minds and words of my students.”
1．What do we know about the poem?
A．It was written by Homer.
B．It was published in the newspaper.
C．Many students were inspired by the poem.
D．The poem was translated into several languages.
2．Why did the two teachers introduce their students to the poem?
A．The poem can develop students appreciation of poetry.
B．The poem can make students feel grateful.
C．The poem is easy for students to learn.
D．The poem expresses a feeling of warmth.
3．What does Laura Fanuc mainly write about in the poem?
A．Her daily life.
B．The necessity of social distancing.
C．Daily activities that she can’t do now.
D．Some difficulties she met before.
4．How did the teachers feel when seeing the students version of the poem?
A．Touched. B．Pessimistic. C．Thankful. D．Depressed.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。作家Laura Fanuc写了一首诗用来鼓励自己，出乎她意料的是，这首诗在网络上迅速走红，并激发一群学生对这首诗进行再创作。
1．C
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It has inspired about 80 sixth graders to write their own version (版本).(它激发了大约80名六年级学生写他们自己的版本)”可知，许多学生受到这首诗的启发。故选C项。
2．B
细节理解题。 根据第三段第二句“Teachers Daniel Zauderer and Niki DeGiorgio introduced their class to the poem, assigning them to study it with the aim of cultivating gratitude through poetry.(老师丹尼尔·佐德勒和尼基·德乔吉奥向他们的班级介绍了这首诗，分配他们去学习它，以便通过诗歌来培养感恩的能力)”可知，两位老师向他们的学生介绍这首诗，因为这首诗可以来培养学生的感激之情，也就是让学生学会感恩。故选B。
3．C
细节理解题。 根据第四段第一句“Fanuc’s poem is basically a list of everyday activities she can’t do because of social distancing, and that shall never take for granted again. (Fanuc的诗基本上是一份清单，列出了她因为社交距离而不能做的日常活动，这永远不会再被视为理所当然)”可知，Laura Fanuc在诗中主要描写的是现在她不能做的一些日常活动。故选C。
4．A
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“The students showed some love for DeGiorgio and Zauderer in their version of the poem, with the line: “Seeing my teachers face to face.”(学生们在他们的诗中表达了对德乔吉奥和佐德勒的热爱，其中有一句话：“与我的老师面对面。”)”可知，学生在诗中表达了他们对两位老师的喜爱；再根据最后一段DeGiorgio的话“Working remotely during this pandemic is tough some days(在这次大流行期间，远程工作有时会很困难)”和“What brings me hope and joy is the beautiful hearts，minds and words of my students.(给我带来希望和快乐的是我的学生们美丽的心灵、思想和话语)”可知，学生的诗给他带来了希望和快乐。由此推知，两位老师在看到学生版本的诗之后会很感动。故选A。
3.（2022·广东·二模）It was dark as Ibrahim Al Hussein came to. He couldn’t move and thick dust filled the air, blocking out all but a few small flames dancing close by. It was hard to breathe. Something wasn’t right and he could not feel his foot. As the smoke of the bombing cleared Al Hussein was saved but lost his lower right leg forever.
After several twists and turns, Al Hussein managed to escape from war-torn Syria to Athens, Greece. With no money left on him, he had to sleep on the streets and look for fruit in trees or eat grass from the park. Luckily, he later found work cleaning toilets at a local cafe. He worked every day of the week with no breaks and was proud to be supporting himself. But he was missing something—sport.
Al Hussein used to be a sportsman. As war broke out in Syria in 2011, all sports stadiums were forced to close, but now settled and safe in Athens, he was desperate to return to physical activity. In May, 2015, his prayers were answered. A swimming club gave him permission to train there.
“When I looked at the address I realised it was the Athens Aquatics Centre,” says Al Hussein, who, at the age of 16, had watched the 2004 Olympics unfold on a small TV in his cosy Syrian home. “Seeing those Olympics gave me motivation to do sport and although it was a flashback to the past, it was also a look to a better future because I had made it to the pool I’d watched and dreamt of swimming in.”
For much of 2015 he swam in the morning and then worked at the cafe until late in the evening. It was tough, but it worked for him and, in early 2016, he secured two medals at the Greek Para Swimming National Championships. People began to take note.
1．What caused Al Hussein to lose his lower right leg?
A．A war. B．A fire. C．An illness. D．An accident.
2．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．Why Al Hussein worked hard. B．How Al Hussein survived in Greece.
C．Why Al Hussein missed sport. D．How Al Hussein escaped from Syria.
3．What can be inferred about the Athens Aquatics Centre?
A．It was forced to close in 2011. B．Al Hussein went there at age 16.
C．It used to be a swimming club. D．The 2004 Olympics were held there.
4．Which of the following can best describe Al Hussein?
A．Independent but proud. B．Motivated but stubborn.
C．Ambitious and religious. D．Hardworking and optimistic
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了阿尔・侯赛因在经历了战争之后，失去右小腿后，仍然从事自己喜欢的运动，在2016年初，他在希腊残疾人全国游泳锦标赛上获得两枚奖牌。
1．A
细节理解题。根据第一段中“As the smoke of the bombing cleared Al Hussein was saved but lost his lower right leg forever.”（爆炸产生的烟雾消散后，阿尔·侯赛因得救了，但他永远失去了右小腿。）第二段中“After several twists and turns, Al Hussein managed to escape from war-torn Syria to Athens, Greece.”（经过几次曲折，阿尔・侯赛因成功逃离战火纷飞的叙利亚，来到希腊雅典。）可知，因为战火纷飞的叙利亚的爆炸使得侯赛因失去了他的右小腿。故选A。
2．B
主旨大意题。根据第二段“After several twists and turns, Al Hussein managed to escape from war-torn Syria to Athens, Greece. With no money left on him, he had to sleep on the streets and look for fruit in trees or eat grass from the park. Luckily, he later found work cleaning toilets at a local cafe. ”（经过几次曲折，阿尔・侯赛因成功逃离战火纷飞的叙利亚，来到希腊雅典。身上没有钱，他不得不睡在街上，在树上寻找水果，或者吃公园里的草。幸运的是，他后来在当地一家咖啡馆找到了清洁厕所的工作。）介绍了侯赛因从叙利亚成功逃脱来到了雅典后的谋生方式，即本段主要叙述了侯赛因在希腊的生存方式。故选B。
3．D
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““When I looked at the address I realised it was the Athens Aquatics Centre,” says Al Hussein, who, at the age of 16, had watched the 2004 Olympics unfold on a small TV in his cosy Syrian home.”（“当我看到这个地址时，我意识到这里是雅典水上运动中心,”16岁的阿尔•侯赛因在叙利亚舒适的家中，通过一台小电视观看了2004年奥运会的比赛。）可知，雅典水上运动中心举办了2004年的奥运会的水上比赛项目。故选D。
4．D
推理判断题。根据第二段中“He worked every day of the week with no breaks ”（他每天都工作，没有休息）可知，侯赛因是很努力的；最后一段中“For much of 2015 he swam in the morning and then worked at the cafe until late in the evening.It was tough, but it worked for him ”（2015年的大部分时间，他都是早上游泳，然后在咖啡馆工作到深夜。虽然（条件）很艰难，但对他来说很有效）可看出侯赛对于训练场地的艰苦状况并没有屈服，说明他是乐观的。故选D。
4.（2022·辽宁·二模）When I was nine years old, I never dreamed that the small, quarter vending (自动售货) machine I owned would turn me into a small business owner and a college graduate.
Wanting to inspire a sense of entrepreneurship (企业家身份) and business in his daughter, my dad brought home a vending machine he had purchased from a friend. Setting it down in front of me in our living room, he asked — in all seriousness — “Do you want to start a business?”
I owned 15 vending machines by the time I left high school, with all of the profits going toward my college fund. In addition to being a great bonding experience for my family, I cannot tell you how many skills I learned from starting and growing my very own business that helped me gain responsibility.
Understanding both personal and professional finances is one of the most important life lessons to learn—the earlier, the better. I had to be fearless and confident — learning these skills at a young age saved me from speaking with difficulty through presentations later in life. Comprehending the ins and outs of your product and business shines through when speaking with customers and clients. Learning that not every experience in life leads to a “Well, You Tried” trophy (安慰奖励) taught me that rejection is hard, and it’s going to happen.
Throughout the unbelievable experience of running my own business at a young age (more stories to come), I learned valuable skills that have helped me in my job, school, and personal life. I believe in the value of customer service. I go after clients and opportunities and understand that sometimes thing don’t go my way.
With the help of my parents and customers who supported me, I grew up an entrepreneur with skills to keep for the rest of my life.
1．Why did the author’s dad give her a vending machine?
A．To earn her college fund.
B．To solve his friend’s financial problem.
C．To raise her business and management awareness.
D．To let her know how hard it is for parents to earn money.
2．In what aspect does NOT the author benefit a lot from the vending machine?
A．Earning college fees.
B．Making many friends.
C．Learning to take responsibilities.
D．Strengthening family relationships.
3．How many skills are mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.
4．What can we infer from the author’s experience in running vending machine?
A．She learns how to spend money.
B．Those skills can only help her in her job.
C．She learns to seize the chance to make all things possible.
D．She knows it’s important to provide customers with satisfactory service.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小开始经营自动售货机，并成为一名有生意头脑的年轻生意人。这段经历对她以后的生活、工作都有很积极的影响。
1．Ｃ
细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Wanting to inspire a sense of entrepreneurship and business in his daughter my dad brought home a vending machine he had purchased from a friend.”（为了激发女儿的企业家精神和商业意识，我父亲带回家一台从朋友那里买来的自动售货机。）可知，作者的爸爸给她一台自动售货机是为了激发她的生意头脑和管理意识。故选C。
2．Ｂ
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“In addition to being a great bonding experience for my family, I cannot tell you how many skills I learned from starting and growing my very own business that helped me gain responsibility.”（除了对我的家庭来说是一个很好的纽带，我无法告诉你我从开始和发展我自己的生意中学到了多少技能，这些技能帮助我获得了责任。）可知，作者在经营自动售货机的过程中，挣到了大学学费，加深了与家人间的亲密关系、学会了承担责任，并学到了很多技能，但没有提到交到好朋友，故选B。
3．Ａ
细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容可知，作者讲述了经济管理、学会勇敢和自信、了解服务顾客的重要性以及如何应对拒绝这四个技能。故选A。
4．Ｄ
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“I believe in the value of customer service.”（我相信客户服务的价值。）可知，作者了解到服务顾客的重要性。故选D。
5. （2022·浙江·模拟预测）One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible insect. He lay on his armor-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardly able to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked.
“What’s happened to me?” he thought. It wasn’t a dream. His room, a proper human room although a little too small, lay peacefully between its four familiar walls. A collection of textile samples lay spread out on the table—Samsa was a travelling salesman—and above it there hung a picture that he had recently cut out of an illustrated magazine and housed in a nice, gilded frame. It showed a lady fitted out with a fur hat and fur scarf who sat upright, raising a heavy fur muff (暖手筒) that covered the whole of her lower arm towards the viewer.
Gregor then turned to look out the window at the dull weather. Drops of rain could be heard hitting the window, which made him feel quite sad. “How about if I sleep a little bit longer and forget all this nonsense,” he thought, but that was something he was unable to do because he was used to sleeping on his right, and in his present state couldn’t get into that position. However hard he threw himself onto his right, he always rolled back to where he was. He must have tried it a hundred times, shut his eyes so that he wouldn’t have to look at the floundering legs, and only stopped when he began to feel a mild, dull pain there that he had never felt before.
He thought, “What a heavy career it is that I’ve chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doing business like this takes much more effort than doing your own business at home, and on top of that there’s the curse of travelling, worries about making train connections, bad and irregular food, contact with different people all the time so that you can never get to know anyone or become friendly with them.” He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard so that he could lift his head better; found where the itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn’t know what to make of; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he touched it he was overcome by a cold tremble.
He slid back into his former position. “Getting up early all the time,” he thought, “it makes you stupid. You’ve got to get enough sleep. Other travelling salesmen live a life of luxury. For instance, whenever I go back to the guest house during the morning to copy out the contract, these gentlemen are always still sitting there eating their breakfasts. I ought to just try that with my boss; I’d get kicked out on the spot. But who knows, maybe that would be the best thing for me. If I didn’t have my parents to think about I’d have given in my notice a long time ago, I’d have gone up to the boss and told him just what I think, tell him everything I would, let him know just what I feel. He’d fall right off his desk! And it’s a funny sort of business to be sitting up there at your desk, talking down at your inferiors from up there, especially when you have to go right up close because the boss is hard of hearing. Well, there’s still some hope; once I’ve got the money together to pay off my parents’ debt to him—another five or six years I suppose—that’s definitely what I’ll do. That’s when I’ll make the big change.
“First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”
1．According to the passage, Gregor initially believes his transformation is a ________.
A．curse
B．disease
C．nightmare
D．fraud
2．The author most likely includes a description of Gregor’s itch in paragraph 4 to ________.
A．remind the reader that Gregor has already turned into an insect
B．stress the disconnection between Gregor’s thoughts and his actual situation
C．present important details about what Gregor’s new body looks like
D．show that Gregor’s thoughts are focused on the changes to his body
3．The passage most strongly suggests which of the following about Gregor’s attitude toward his profession?
A．He is angry.
B．He is eager to please.
C．He is depressed.
D．He is diligent.
4．The main rhetorical (修辞的) effect of the final sentence of the excerpt （“First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”） is to ________.
A．provide a solution to the conflict Gregor faces
B．foretell the conflict between Gregor and his boss
C．illustrate Gregor’s flexibility and ability to move on
D．emphasize Gregor’s extreme sense of duty
【答案】1．C　　2．B　　3．A　　4．D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章选自Franz Kafka的小说《变形记》。节选部分叙述了文章的主人公Gregor在早晨醒来时发现自己变成了一只可怕的虫子。文章叙述了Gregor为了养活家人尽心尽责，常年奔波在外。辛苦支撑着整个家庭的花销。
1．Ｃ
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible insect.( 一天早晨，格里高尔·萨姆沙从噩梦中醒来，发现自己躺在床上变成了一只可怕的虫子。)”可知，发现自己在床上变成了一只可怕的虫子让格里高尔·萨姆沙觉得是一场噩梦。故选C。
2．Ｂ
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard so that he could lift his head better; found where the itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn’t know what to make of; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he touched it he was overcome by a cold tremble.(他感到肚子上有点痒；慢慢地把自己背朝床头板推了起来，这样他就能更好地抬起头来；他找到了痒的地方，发现痒上布满了许多白色的小斑点，他不知道是怎么回事；当他试着用一条腿去摸那个地方的时候，他很快就把腿缩回去了，因为他一摸到腿，就感到一阵寒颤。)”可知，本段描述Gregor的痒的情况，是强调他的大脑无法与他的行动保持联系，即思维和实际情况断开联系了。故选B。
3．Ａ
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“He thought, “What a heavy career it is that I’ve chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doing business like this takes much more effort than doing your own business at home, and on top of that there's the curse of travelling, worries about making train connections, bad and irregular food, contact with different people all the time so that you can never get to know anyone or become friendly with them.”(他想：“我选择了一个多么沉重的职业啊!日复一日地旅行。像这样做生意比在家里做生意要花更多的精力，除此之外，还有旅行的诅咒，担心换乘火车，糟糕和不规律的食物，总是要接触不同的人，所以你永远无法了解任何人或与他们友好。”)”和文章第五段“Well, there’s still some hope; once I’ve got the money together to pay off my parents’ debt to him—another five or six years I suppose—that’s definitely what I’ll do. That’s when I’ll make the big change.( 好吧，还是有希望的；等我攒够了钱，还清了父母欠他的债——我想再过五六年——我肯定会这么做。那是我要做出重大改变的时候。)”可知，一旦有机会，就会改变现状，不做这份工作，由此可知，他对工作的态度是愤怒的。故选A。
4．Ｄ
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“If I didn’t have my parents to think about I’d have given in my notice a long time ago, I’d have gone up to the boss and told him just what I think, tell him everything I would, let him know just what I feel. He’d fall right off his desk! And it’s a funny sort of business to be sitting up there at your desk, talking down at your inferiors from up there, especially when you have to go right up close because the boss is hard of hearing. Well, there’s still some hope; once I’ve got the money together to pay off my parents’ debt to him—another five or six years I suppose—that’s definitely what I’ll do. That’s when I’ll make the big change.( 如果我没有父母要考虑，我早就辞职了，我早就去找老板，告诉他我的想法，告诉他我想说的一切，让他知道我的感受。他会从桌子上摔下来!坐在你的办公桌前，居高临下地对你的下属说话是一件很有趣的事情，尤其是当你不得不近距离地面对老板，因为老板听力不好。好吧，还是有希望的；等我攒够了钱，还清了父母欠他的债——我想再过五六年——我肯定会这么做。那是我要做出重大改变的时候。)”和文章最后一段““First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”(“首先，我得起床了，火车5点开。”)”可知，Gregor为父母着想，为了还债，做了一份自己不喜欢的工作。虽然抱怨工作的辛苦，但为了实现自己的目标，还是会努力的。由此可以推断出他是一个有责任心的人。所以最后一句“First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”是表明他是一个非常有责任心的人。故选D。
6. （2022·河北·衡水市第二中学模拟预测）The poem When This is Over is now an educational tool which is studied like the works of Homer. Professional writer Laura Fanuc wrote the poem to cheer herself up. To her surprise, it went popular online. That’s the old news.
The new news is that the poem has become an education assignment for a humanities class in the South Bronx. It has inspired about 80 sixth graders to write their own version (版本).
The students are enrolled in the American Dream School, a charter school for English language learners and immigrant students. Teachers Daniel Zauderer and Niki DeGiorgio introduced their class to the poem, assigning them to study it with the aim of cultivating gratitude through poetry. These students stay at home with laptop computers, through which they connect with their classmates and teachers.
Fanuc’s poem is basically a list of everyday activities she can’t do because of social distancing, and that shall never take for granted again. It ends with an inspirational message of hope that we all will rise from this ordeal (磨难) to be better people.
The teachers challenged the students to brainstorm what they had taken for granted and what they hope people will learn, and to express themselves in a poem of their own. The class followed Fanuc is format (格式), reworking the poem. The students showed some love for DeGiorgio and Zauderer in their version of the poem, with the line: “Seeing my teachers face to face.”
“Working remotely during this pandemic is tough some days,” DeGiorgio said in a Face book post. “What brings me hope and joy is the beautiful hearts, minds and words of my students.”
1．What do we know about the poem?
A．It was written by Homer.
B．It was published in the newspaper.
C．Many students were inspired by the poem.
D．The poem was translated into several languages.
2．Why did the two teachers introduce their students to the poem?
A．The poem can develop students appreciation of poetry.
B．The poem can make students feel grateful.
C．The poem is easy for students to learn.
D．The poem expresses a feeling of warmth.
3．What does Laura Fanuc mainly write about in the poem?
A．Her daily life.
B．The necessity of social distancing.
C．Daily activities that she can’t do now.
D．Some difficulties she met before.
4．How did the teachers feel when seeing the students version of the poem?
A．Touched. B．Pessimistic. C．Thankful. D．Depressed.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。作家Laura Fanuc写了一首诗用来鼓励自己，出乎她意料的是，这首诗在网络上迅速走红，并激发一群学生对这首诗进行再创作。
1．C
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It has inspired about 80 sixth graders to write their own version (版本).(它激发了大约80名六年级学生写他们自己的版本)”可知，许多学生受到这首诗的启发。故选C项。
2．B
细节理解题。 根据第三段第二句“Teachers Daniel Zauderer and Niki DeGiorgio introduced their class to the poem, assigning them to study it with the aim of cultivating gratitude through poetry.(老师丹尼尔·佐德勒和尼基·德乔吉奥向他们的班级介绍了这首诗，分配他们去学习它，以便通过诗歌来培养感恩的能力)”可知，两位老师向他们的学生介绍这首诗，因为这首诗可以来培养学生的感激之情，也就是让学生学会感恩。故选B。
3．C
细节理解题。 根据第四段第一句“Fanuc’s poem is basically a list of everyday activities she can’t do because of social distancing, and that shall never take for granted again. (Fanuc的诗基本上是一份清单，列出了她因为社交距离而不能做的日常活动，这永远不会再被视为理所当然)”可知，Laura Fanuc在诗中主要描写的是现在她不能做的一些日常活动。故选C。
4．A
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“The students showed some love for DeGiorgio and Zauderer in their version of the poem, with the line: “Seeing my teachers face to face.”(学生们在他们的诗中表达了对德乔吉奥和佐德勒的热爱，其中有一句话：“与我的老师面对面。”)”可知，学生在诗中表达了他们对两位老师的喜爱；再根据最后一段DeGiorgio的话“Working remotely during this pandemic is tough some days(在这次大流行期间，远程工作有时会很困难)”和“What brings me hope and joy is the beautiful hearts，minds and words of my students.(给我带来希望和快乐的是我的学生们美丽的心灵、思想和话语)”可知，学生的诗给他带来了希望和快乐。由此推知，两位老师在看到学生版本的诗之后会很感动。故选A。