Unit 3 The internetSection Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing词汇短语讲义

Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing Ⅰ.核心单词根据音标及词义写出正确的单词1．pretend/prɪ'tend/vi.&vt.假装；装扮2．million/'mɪljɔn/num.一百万3．cheat/tʃiːt/vi.作弊；舞弊　vt.欺骗；蒙骗　n．欺骗手段；骗子4．audience/'ɔːdiəns/n.观众；听众5．positive/'pɒzətɪv/adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的6．slim/slɪm/adj.苗条的；单薄的7．diet/'daɪət/n.规定饮食；日常饮食　vi.节食8．rather/'rɑːðə(r)/adv.相当；有点儿9．jog/dʒɒɡ/vi.慢跑　n．慢跑10．error/'erə(r)/n.错误；差错Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据音标及词义写出正确的单词，并牢记拓展词汇1．compete/kəm'piːt/vi.竞争；对抗→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的→competitor n．竞争者2．stress/stres/n.压力；紧张；重音　vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi.焦虑不安→stressful adj. 有压力的(指物)→stressed adj. 有压力的(指人)Ⅲ.重点短语根据汉语意思补全短语1．make sense  有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚2．pretend to do sth.  假装做某事3．even if/though  即使；虽然4．make a difference  有作用或影响5．rather than  而不是6．cut... out  停止做； 剪下7．now and then  有时；偶尔8．compare... with/to...  与……比较9．be positive about  对……积极的10．make a list of  列清单Ⅳ.重点句型1．even if/though “即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even_if_it_helps_his/her_team.足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。2．once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦”Once_I_started_thinking_about_fitness rather than weight, things began to change.一旦我开始考虑健身而不是体重，事情就开始改变了。 Read the text on page 66 and then choose the best answer.1．What is the main idea of the text?A．Being positive about yourself and your body is important to your health.B．Kayla's wrong attitude to her health.C．Kayla's daily diet.D．How Kayla became slim.2．What does the sentence “I almost went balances” mean?A．She likes eating bananas.B．The bananas can make her slim. C．She tried to eat low fat food to lose weight.D．She is very determined. 3．What made Kayla change her mind?A．An article  B．Her friendC．An actress  D．Her parents ►第一板块|核心词汇诠释1．compete/kəm'piːt/vi.竞争；对抗(教材P41)An athlete should think about honour and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.如果一个运动员在为他/她的国家比赛，他/她应该考虑荣誉和他/她的球迷。(1)compete in  参加……比赛； 在……方面竞争compete for  为……而竞争compete with/against... for  为争取……而与……对抗/竞争(2)competition n.  比赛； 竞争competitive adj.  竞争的； 有竞争力的competitor n.  竞争者； 对手, ①How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games？古代奥运会有多少国家参加？②Only by competing with/against each other can we make great progress in our study.只有相互竞争，我们才能在学习上取得巨大进步。[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句写作(1)The two players competed with each other ___ a gold medal.(2)The young ____ (compete) won a gold medal in the match. (3)No one can entirely keep away from the ____- (compete) world.(4)I'm writing to invite you to compete in Chinese paper­cutting art exhibition.我写信邀请你参加中国的剪纸艺术展。巧学助记：All the excited competitors are competing for the honor of winning the gold medal in the competition.所有激动的参赛者都在为在比赛中赢得金牌而竞争。 2.make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚(教材P41)That doesn't make any sense.那没有任何意义。(1)make sense of  理解；明白make no sense  没道理；没意义(2)There is no sense in doing sth.  做……没道理。①This sentence just doesn't make sense, no matter how you read it.无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通。②He doesn't talk much, but what he says makes sense.他话不多，但言之有理。③As far as I'm concerned, there is no sense in getting upset about it now.就我而言，现在为这事苦恼是没有意义的。[即学即练]　词汇升级(低频词汇)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all.(高频词汇)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make_sense_of them at all.名师指津：一定记住写作时“make sense of”比understand 高频哟！3.pretend vi.&vt.假装；装扮(经典佳句)I'd like to pretend that I'm okay because I don't want to make my parents worry about me.我装作没事，只是不想使我父母担心我。pretend＋①The man pretended to be a police officer to cheat others.男子假扮警官骗人。②I don't suggest you should pretend things are better than they are.我不建议你们假装事情比实际情况更好。[即学即练]　单句语法填空/单句写作(1)When his mother came in, he pretended ______ (do) his homework.(2)Mary pretended to _____ (finish) her homework and went out to play with her classmates.(3)我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很伤心。(一句多译)①She pretended _________ when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(宾语从句)②She pretended _____________ when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(不定式)名师指津：pretend to do sth; pretend to be doing; pretend to have done sth.分别表示现在、进行和完成的动作。4.diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食　vi.节食(教材P42)I worried about my weight and tried every new diet I read about online.我担心自己的体重，尝试了我在网上读到的每一种新的饮食。go on a diet  节食，控制饮食(表动作)be on a diet  在节食(表状态)a balanced/healthy diet  均衡的/健康的饮食①She is on a diet, hoping to become slimmer.她正在节食，希望变得更苗条些。②No sugar in my coffee, please; I'm dieting.请别在我的咖啡中加糖，我正在节食。[即学即练]　单句写作在节日和庆祝活动期间，医生提醒人们要保持饮食均衡。During festivals and celebrations, doctors remind people to ___________名师指津：不要忘记“diet”可以用作“vi. 节食”哟！
5.make a difference有作用或影响(教材P42)I had no idea a letter could make such a difference.我不知道一封信能产生如此大的影响。(1)make no difference (to sb./sth.)  对……没有作用或影响make some difference (to sb./sth.)  对某人/物有些作用或影响(2)tell the difference  分辨；区分；区别①Luckily, my teacher often tells me that every small thing can make a big difference.幸运的是，老师觉察到我的问题，告诉我小事情也能起到重要作用。②His words make no difference to him, for he is quite stubborn. 他的话对他不起作用，因为他很固执。[即学即练]　词汇升级(低频表达)I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behaviors will work.(高频表达)I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behaviors will make_a_difference.名师指津：make a great difference”有重大影响”， 高考完型写作常涉及的高频考点，要牢记哟！ 6.rather than 而不是(经典佳句)I prefer to work rather than sit there doing nothing.我宁愿干活也不愿坐在那里无所事事。(1)would rather...than...  宁愿……而不愿……prefer to do...rather than do  宁愿做……而不愿做……(2)other than  不同于；除了……以外more than  超过；不仅仅是；非常①I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.我想要冷饮，不要咖啡。②I'd like to go there by train rather than by air.我宁愿坐火车而不是乘飞机去那儿。[即学即练]　单句语法填空(1)The students, rather than their teacher, ___ (be) going to have a picnic this weekend.(2)I'm _____ than glad to receive your letter, asking about what customs you should pay attention to when visiting a friend.(3)多数男士喜欢在家过周末而不愿去购物。(一句多译)①Most men prefer to spend the weekends at home ______.②Most men ______ the weekends at home than go shopping.③Most men would spend the weekends at home _____ go shopping.名师指津：rather than 连接并列主语时，谓语动词要与rather than 前的主语一致。7.compare... with/to...与……比较(教材P42)Finally, I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body.最后，我不再拿自己和女演员、模特做比较，也不再寻找我的脸或身体有什么问题。compare with  与……比较compare... to...  把……比喻为……①Sure, we have learned not to compare ourselves with others.我们已经知道不要与别人比较。②Young people are often compared to the rising sun.年轻人常被比喻作冉冉升起的太阳。[即学即练]　单句语法填空(1)Michael's new house is like a huge palace, ____ (compare) with his old one.(2)When _____ (compare) with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.发散思维：compare notes with sb. 与某人交换意见I'd like to compare notes with my parents on how to make friends.我想与父母就如何交友交换意见。 8.stress n．压力；紧张；重音　vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安　vi.焦虑不安(经典例句)A good way to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with your best friend.减少压力的好方法就是与你的好朋友聊聊感受。(1)under stress  在压力之下(2)stress the importance of  强调……的重要性(3)stressful adj.  产生压力的；紧张的stressed adj.  感到压力的①Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.人在压力之下，办事容易出差错。②He stressed that we should pay more attention to our safety in particular.他强调我们尤其要多注意安全。[即学即练]　单句语法填空(1)It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and _____ (stress) society.(2)When ___ stress, even a most gentle person can get angry easily.巧学助记：After a stressful week of examination, all the students were very stressed and tired, so they often get angry under stress.经过一周紧张的考试，所有的学生都非常紧张和疲惫，所以他们经常由于压力而生气。 ►第二板块：重点句型解构1．句型公式：even if “即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。(教材P41)A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。even if即使，用作连词，引导让步状语从句。①I won't take part in his party even if he invites me.即使他邀请我，我也不去参加他的聚会。②He is willing to help us even if he is very busy.尽管他很忙，他还是愿意帮我们。[即学即练]　单句写作即使这次失败了，我还要再试试。________,_I will try again.,名师指津：even if 的同义词even though 2.句型公式：once引导状语从句，意为“一旦”(教材P42)Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change.一旦我开始考虑健身而不是体重，事情就开始改变了。once意为“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。①Once he is determined to do something he is interested in, Mr. Wang seldom changes his mind.王先生是一个很固执的人。一旦他决定做什么事，你就不能让他改变主意。②Once you make a promise, you should keep it.一旦你许下诺言，你就应该遵守诺言。[即学即练]　单句写作一旦你了解了中国餐桌礼仪，你就知道在晚宴上做什么了。___________ the Chinese table manners, you will know what to do at the dinner party.  Ⅰ.单词拼写1．How many countries _____ (竞争) in the ancient Olympic Games?2．The rich man offered more than one ______ (百万) dollars to help the poor people.3．It is wrong of you to ____ (作弊) in the exam.4．The film is a great success and is popular with the____ (观众) of different ages.5．The boss decided to praise him for his ____ (积极的) attitude towards work.6．In my spare time, I like to ____ (慢跑) and play tennis.7．He _____ (假装) to his family that everything was fine.8．Running every day takes energy of your body so you can stay___ (苗条的)．Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．When ____ (compare) with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.2．I'd like to take the chance to _____ (stress) the importance of education.3．A great many athletes at home and abroad will compete ___ the 2020 Winter Olympic Games.4．I like football best, but I also like cycling and ____ (jog)．5．People making friends online are afraid of getting _____ (cheat)．6．Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods ___ my meals.7．He pretended ____ (read) the newspaper when his mother came in.8．According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers ___ healthy diet.9．I feel highly _____(honour) to be given such a good chance to share my experience with you.10．It is wrong to pay people ______ (million) of yuan to play sports.Ⅲ.选词填空work out； lose heart； make sense； now and then； take part in； fall apart； rather than； at home and abroad 1．You should prefer to work harder to solve the problem _____ give up.2．It is a shame that their friendship finally______ and they became enemies.3．Even if he is very busy, he will ____ in the gym three times a week to keep healthy.4．Ping­pong has become an international sport, it is played ______5．It makes_sense_to work on the problem before it gets out of control.6．Jame failed to start a business, but he didn't _____ and tried a second time.7．My grandfather still plays tennis _____,_even though he's in his nineties.8．The teacher as well as his students is going to ______this activity.Ⅳ.单句写作1．即使你每天锻炼仅仅30分钟 ，对你身体健康也有好处。___________ for only 30 minutes every day, it will be good for your health.2．正是文化而非语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。It was the culture_________ that made it hard for him to get used to the new environment abroad.3．医生建议我们要均衡饮食并养成早睡的好习惯。The doctor advised that we should ________ and get into the good habit of going to bed early.4．你的鼓励对我有很大的影响。Your encouragement __________________.5．通过积极地看待自己和自己的身体，我变得更加快乐和健康。By  ______________ and my body, I became both happier and healthier.   课时作业 12阅读理解A Although I had wanted to quit smoking, I never made up my mind until New Year's Day last year. I was having a terrible headache. I knew it was time to quit.Searching for methods to quit smoking on the Internet is like searching for weight loss tips — there are thousands of different ways that are said to be the best, but not all are right for you. One approach that did draw my interest was apps. Along with cigarettes (烟), my phone was the only other thing I couldn't leave my apartment without.There are hundreds of apps for quitting smoking. I downloaded an app called QuitIt because it was said to be good. It was free and didn't cost much time as some others. You input the amount of cigarettes you smoke, the cost per pack and the time you decide to quit smoking. The app does the math and then gives you information based on the information given by you. It tracks the amount of time since you decided to quit, the money you've saved, and the danger you've avoided. The app also includes a number of health goals.Quitting smoking was one of the hardest things I've ever had to do. Like most stories of quitting, I did get a little sick and I felt terrible, but the most difficult part was the empty feeling I was left with. Any time I felt like a cigarette, I would open the app and track the progress I had made. If I wanted to smoke while I was on the computer, I'd immediately go to r/stopsmoking to read a success story, or to offer support to someone else having a harder time than me.I quit smoking 1 year 2 months and 27 days ago. I did not smoke 6,771 cigarettes and saved $4,062.84.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者想要戒烟，后来利用一部手机应用软件成功地戒了烟。1．What did the author realize when suffering the terrible headache?A．He should turn to an app.B．He should go to see a doctor.C．It was time to make a new plan.D．It was about time he quit smoking. 2．What does the underlined word “approach” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Method.  B．Result.C．Place.    D．Suggestion.3．It's implied in Paragraph 4 that QuitIt ________.A．played a big role in the author's quitting smokingB．made the author's time much harderC．was questioned by many peopleD．could be used on the computer4．What's the author's purpose in writing the text?A．To show us the harm of smoking.B．To encourage readers to use an app.C．To explain why he chose to quit smoking.D．To tell us how he managed to quit smoking.BEight years ago, Special Olympics Georgia Forsyth County was introduced to Britt Hall. Britt Hall is a Special Olympics Georgia athlete. “The first sport I started competing in with Special Olympics Georgia was softball. I was with the Forsyth Golden Gloves, and we were a pretty good team，” said Britt as he looked back upon his first state game.Since then, the athlete has competed in much more than softball. Britt has gone on to compete in bocce, basketball, athletics, table tennis, volleyball and flag football during his Special Olympics Georgia career (职业生涯). And he performed well in these games. “Athletics has always been one of his favorite sports to compete in，” said Britt's father. “He likes the different competitions within athletics, especially the races (赛跑)．”“I like athletics, but I am excited for flag football this year. We are going to play just as well as the Falcons，” Britt said. This year, Britt and his teammates will be returning to Emory University as the Special Olympics Georgia Forsyth County Mean Machine, one of the two flag football teams from Special Olympics Georgia Forsyth County.Despite the word “mean” being in their name, Britt says that their aim is not to be mean to their competitors. “We want to win the gold, but we want to  be nice to the other teams and encourage them. They are our friends and have worked just as hard as we have for the state competitions，” Britt explained.While athletes are encouraged to try their very best and go for the gold, Special Olympics Georgia centers on sportsmanship and friendship during competitions. Britt has always been a good team player, but he is also very competitive. Special Olympics Georgia has helped him gain confidence as an athlete, which shows him how to cheer on his teammates and the opposing athletes.“I've learned a lot from being in Special Olympics Georgia. I think there is a lesson for everyone who competes，” said Britt.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Britt Hall是一名残疾运动员，他加入Special Olympics Georgia后，受益颇多。5．What do we learn about Britt Hall?A．He's good at many sports.B．He was born in Georgia.C．He preferred softball to other sports.D．He disliked the Forsyth Golden Gloves.6．Which of the following belongs to athletics?A．Bocce.      B．Basketball.C．Flag football. D．The 1,000­meter race. 7．How does Britt Hall think of what Special Olympics Georgia centers on?A．He thinks highly of them.B．He is surprised at them.C．He's strongly against them.D．He's concerned about them. 8．After reading the text, we can know ________.A．Special Olympics Georgia is famous around the worldB．Special Olympics Georgia has played a big role in Britt's lifeC．Britt succeeds as an athlete mainly because of his giftsD．Britt not only won many gold medals but made many friendsCSusan couldn't help it. She and her friends began  lunch  with  cheese.  Then  they  ate cheeseburgers and drank milk. Things seemed fine, but then suddenly Susan's stomach started making noise. Her stomach hurt, and, racing to the restroom, she had terrible gas!  She was so ashamed. She had been so excited to go to lunch with her friends that she totally forgot to watch how many dairy products (奶制品) she ate! Susan is lactose intolerant (乳糖不耐受的), and eating too many dairy foods can make her feel really sick.Lactose intolerance means that the body can't easily digest (消化) a special sugar called lactose. Unfortunately for Susan and millions of other  people with this problem, lactose is found in almost all dairy products — cheese, milk and ice cream.Our body uses lactase (乳糖酵素) to break lactose into a simpler form of sugar. Once lactose is broken down, it's easy to digest and it provides great energy for the body. But people like Susan don't have enough lactase to break down all the lactose they take in. So, about half an hour to two hours after eating dairy­rich foods, their stomachs begin to hurt and they have gas, making their stomachs get bigger. Sometimes they even get diarrhea (腹泻) when they eat too many dairy foods.So how can someone living with this problem still eat out with his or her friends? Here are some tips. If you're going to eat a dairy­rich food like ice cream, eat something that doesn't have any dairy with it, like a salad or a sandwich without cheese. This will help slow digestion, and your body will have time to create more lactase.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章通过举例说明了乳糖不耐受症的症状和产生的原因，并对患有乳糖不耐受症的人群提出了建议。9．What can cause lactose intolerance?A．A shortage of lactose.B．Eating too little sugar.C．Slow digestion of dairy products.D．Poor digestion of any food you eat. 10．What do we know about lactose?A．It is found in almost all foods.B．It is very necessary for the body.C．It is hard for some people to break down.D．It changes its form once it is in the body.11．What is a result of lactose intolerance?A．The headache.B．The stomachache.C．The feeling of hunger.D．The feeling of tiredness. 12．What would be the best advice for Susan?A．Enjoy eating dairy­rich foods.B．Avoid eating out with her friends.C．Take digestion pills to speed up digestion.D．Eat dairy­free and diary­rich foods together.