译林版英语八年级上册Unit1知识点复习练习

八年级 Unit One 知识点集锦一、   知识点详解Comic Strip ＆ Welcome to the Unithonest以元音因素开头，故当表示“一位诚实的...”应用“an honest”,反义词为 dishonest【拓展】be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚【例题】---Look! Who’s_____ boy over there?  ---Oh, he is my cousin Bob. He is___ honest boy.             A.an; the               B. the; an           C. the; acare动词：关心，，在意；还可作名词，译为“小心，照料”形容词形式有两个：careful(小心的，仔细的)，careless“粗心的”；其对应的副词形式为：carefully “小心地，仔细地”，carelessly“粗心地”。   【搭配】care常见的短语：care for照顾； take care注意，当心；  care about关心；关怀； take care of照顾polite反义词 impolite,意为“没有礼貌的，粗鲁的”； 其副词形式politely,意为“礼貌地”。lie为可数名词，复数形式为lies. lie还可作动词，意为“说谎；躺；卧”。lie作“说谎”讲时，其过去式为lied;做“躺，卧”讲时，其过去式为lay. lie现在分词为lying.【搭配】tell a lie说谎；lie down躺下 （tell stories 讲故事   tell jokes 讲笑话）【例题】你不应该对你的朋友撒谎。You shouldn’t ______ _______ to your friends.true 形容词“确实的；的确；真实的，忠实的” （1）Yes, that’s true 是的，确实如此。 （2）Do you think he is a true friends? 你认为他是一个忠实的朋友吗？【探究】true 既可以用在名词前作定语，又可以用在连系动词后作表语。true的副词形式为truly,名词形式为truth.  说出真相   tell the truth【辨析】real和true(1)  real强调人或事物真是存在，而不是想象的或虚构的。(2)  True强调符合事实。是真的而不是假的，是相符的而不是编造的。【例题】(1) Lily is my__________ (忠实的) friend. I can tell her everything about myself.(2) This story is not exactly_______ (真实的)6. Make是使役动词，其后可接动词原形、形容词或名词作宾语补足语。Make具体用法如下：(1) make+sb./sth.+adj. “使某人或某事变得...” I’ll make it easier.我将使他变得更容易些。(2) “make+sb./sth.+n.” “使某人或某物成为....”(3) “make sb. do sth.” “让/迫使某人做某事”【拓展】与make类似，后面也接动词原形作宾语补足语的动词有以下几类：一感（feel），二听（hear, listen to），三让（let, have, make），四看（watch, see, notice, look at ）。Can I have some more food.我可以再来一点食物吗?【探究】more是many和much的比较级，常用来修饰名词。【拓展】(1) more之前可用基数词或some, any, many, much, a little, a few, no等词修饰。       （2）“基数词+more+名词”结构可与“another+基数词+名词”结构互换，意为“再...”         如：two more books= another two books=two boos more在日常交际用语中，向别人提出建议的句型有以下几种：(1)  “Let’s+动词原形”意为“让我们...吧。”(2)  “What/How about+动词ing/名词/代词宾格”意为“...怎么样？”(3)  “Shall we+动词原形”表示“我们...好吗？”(4)  “Why don’t we/ you+动词原形”或“Why not+动词原形”意为“为什么不...？”(5)  “Would you like (to do) ...?”意为“你愿意/想要（做）......吗？”(6)  “Would/ Will you please+动词原形”意为“请你......好吗？”Maybe we can share it. Maybe意为“也许，可能，大概”是副词。【辨析】maybe和may be(1)  maybe常位于句首，表示不太肯定的推测，相当于perhaps, probably, possibly.在口语中maybe可单独使用。(2)  May be意为“可能是，也许是”，由情态动词may加系动词be构成，常用于句中，放在主语后作谓语，构成主系表结构。【例题】同义句转换 They may be in the classroom.=___________ they in the classroom.Do you believe what he/ she says? 宾语从句要用陈述句语序【拓展】当主句主语为第一人称，谓语动词是believe, think, suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。I don’t think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来的。【例题】(1) 你知道她在哪儿吗？ Do you know_______ ________ ________?(2)  我想他今天不会来了。I_______ _________ he will come today.(3)  我相信他不是小偷，不是吗？I________ ________ he’s a thief, ______ _______?Reading Voice即可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。 Betty has a good voice.贝蒂有一副好嗓子。【辨析】voice, sound和noise(1)  voice意为“嗓音”，一般指人说话、唱歌、谈笑的声音，也可指动物的鸣叫声。(2)  sound意为“声音，响声”，范围很大，可指大自然的任何声音。(3)  noise意为“噪音，喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。【搭配】in a loud/ low voice大声地/低声地      in a sweet voice用甜美的声音   raise one’s voice提高嗓音almost “几乎，差不多”。常用来修饰形容词或动词等。almost不能用not修饰，但可放在no, none, nothing等的前面。【拓展】nearly的意思与almost相近，但nearly与no, none, nobody, never等词连用。knock... onto将某物碰到...上     knock at/ on敲......    knock down打到；撞倒    knock over撞翻；碰倒          knock... off把....从....上撞倒/打翻【例句】(1) When he walks past our desks, he often knocks our books and pens onto the floor.当他经过我们课桌时，他经常把我们的书和钢笔撞倒地上。        (2) Peter knocked the glass off the table and broke it.彼得把玻璃杯打翻，从桌子上掉下去摔碎了。choose既可作及物动词，也可做不及物动词，其过去式是chose，名词形式是choice.【搭配】(1) choose to do sth.选择做某事   （2）choose sb. to do sth.选择某人做某事        (3) choose from从.....中选择Betty is one of my best friends.贝蒂是我最好的朋友之一。【探究】one of+形容词+名词复数表示“最...之一”；of后如果是名词，名词前还应加上限定词，如the, these, our等。one of后接名词复数，也可接代词复数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。【例题】---What do you think of the film you saw?  ---Oh! It’s one of_   _ films I’ve ever seen. A. interesting    B. more interesting     C. most  interesting     D. the most  interesting be ready to do sth.= be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事【辨析】be ready 和 get readybe ready “准备好了”强调状态；get ready“为......做准备”，强调准备的动作。She helps me with my homework and she always gives her seat on the bus to someone in need.【探究】(1) help sb. with sth.=help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事。(2)  in need(= in trouble) 是介词短语，意为“有需要的，处于需要状态的”，通常作后置定语。【拓展】be in need of sth.需要某物     in great need of很需要【例题】(1)我们应该随时准备帮助需要帮助的人。We should be ready to help people_______ ________.(2)那里的人很需要医生和护士。People there are_______ ______ ______ of doctors and nurses.(3)今晚你能帮我做家庭作业吗？Can you_______ ______ _______ my homework this evening.Everyone为不定代词，相当于everybody。作主语时谓语动词用单数。【辨析】everyone与every one(1)  everyone指人，every one既可指人也可指物。(2)  Everyone不能与of连用，而every one可以，意为“......中的每一个”。【例题】Everyone in pur class________ (have) a pet.say a bad word about sb.=speak ill of sb.说某人的坏话【拓展】say a good word about sb.=speak well of sb.说某人的好话【例题】(1) ---Shall we go and________ “hello” to the foreign teachers? ---Good idea! Let’s go.            A. say      B. speak    C. talk     D. Shout(2)  The two pictures look the same to me. It’s hard to______ one from the other.           A. speak     B. say      C. talk     D. tellGrammar1. What is his height= How tall is he?他多高？height 形容词为high一、  adj.比较级的用法    1. 表一方超过另一方用“比较级 + than…”“the +比较级, the+比较级  越…, 越…eg.   1) 越多越好。the more, the better 2) 越少越坏。The less, the worse3. “比较级+and +比较级”  “more and more +原级” (只用于以“more”构成比较级的词) 意为“越来越......”eg. 1) 他的鞋子越来越脏。His shoes are_______________________   2) 衣服越来越贵。Clothes are _________________________________________________“the + 比较级 + of 两者”表示“在两者中较…eg. Lily is _____________  (short) of the two girls.5. 为免重复，在than后常用one(s), that,  those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。  eg. The weather there is better than _____ in Nanjing.   A. one   B. it   C. that    D. Those6. 在比较级前可用 much, even, a little, a lot等来修饰eg. Now the air in our hometown is ______  than it was before.    A. much better   B. more worse C. more better    D. much worst“Which/Who is+比较级， A or B?”意为“A和B哪一个/谁更......?”“比较级+ than any other+单数名词”或“比较级+ than the other+复数名词”意为“比其他......都要......”eg. Spring is the best season.=Spring is better ____ ____ _____ ______.=Spring is better _____ ____ _____ _______.二、adj.最高级的用法三者或以上相比, 表示最高程度用 “the/one’s  + 最高级+ of/among/in … ” (1)  in表示环境范围，其后的名词与主语不是同一概念范畴；(2)  of表示对象范畴，其后的名词与主语是同一概念范畴。(3)  among通常接代词宾格、指示代词these, those以及没有数词修饰的复数名词 one of +the +最高级+复数名词“最…之一”eg. The hair clip is one of _______________  (pretty) among those ones.      He was one of _______________(fast)  _____________(swim).3.最高级+范围=比较级+than any other +单数名词 =比较级+than the other +复数名词 Max是我们班最高的男生。    Max is the tallest boy in our class=Max is taller than any other boy in our class.=Max is taller than the other boys in our class.the second/third/fourth…+最高级表示“第几……”eg. Millie is the third tallest in her class.     eg. Huanghe is shorter than Changjiang, but longer than the other rivers in China.= Huanghe is ______ _______ ________  river in China.5. “Which/Who+系动词+the+最高级，A，B or C” 意为“A 、B 和C哪一个最......?”【注意】(1). He is _________ (tall) of the 3 students. He is _________ (tall) of the 2 students.   (2) Which is +比较级, A or B?    Which is+最高级,A, B or C?  (3)  Beijing is bigger than __D_ city in China.   Beijing is bigger than __B__ city in Jiangsu.   A. all the other    B. any     C. other    D. any other易混淆的两个句型：    He is the tallest (tall) of the 3 students.       He is the taller (tall) of the 2 studentsIntegrated ＆Skills Task1. plan为可数名词，复数形式为plans. Make a study plan 制定一个学生计划；make a plan for...为......制定计划【拓展】plan还可作动词，意为“计划，打算”；plan to do sth.计划做某事【例题】我们打算这个周末去公园。We’re________ ________ __________ to the park this weekend.famous常作定语或表语，即可修饰人，也可修饰物。be famous for因......而出名，闻名，强调出名的原因；be famous as“以......(身份)出名”，as后常接表示职业的名词。【例题】Sanya is famous______ its beautiful beaches.  A. of     B. for    C. As鲁迅在中国以作家出名。Lu Xun________ ________ ________ a writer in China.make friends 交朋友；make friends with sb.与某人交朋友What’s he like?他怎么样？【探究】what’s sb. like句型,意为“某人（为人或长相）怎么样？”。常用来询问人的性格、品质，也可用来询问人的相貌。【拓展】what does sb. look like?意为“某人长得如何”，用来询问人的相貌。【例题】----_________?  ----He is humorous.  A. How is he   B. What does he look like    C. What does he like    D. What is he likesmiling形容词（微笑的，带着笑意的）【探究】smiling既可作表语，也可作定语。其中动词为smile，后可接介词at或to.【例题】(1) 她对我微笑了，多好啊！She________ at me. How wonderful!(2)  他那双充满笑意的眼睛表明他很友好。His__________ eyes show he is very friendly.patient形容词（耐心的）既可作定语，也可作表语；patient反义词impatient(没有耐心的) be patient with sb./ sth.对某人/某事有耐心。【拓展】patient还可作名词，意为“病人”，是可数名词。【例题】她对孩子们很有耐心。She________ ________ ________ _________ the children.Kate is both my neighbour and my best friends.凯特既是我的邻居又是我最好的朋友。【探究】both...and意为“既......又......”,连接并列结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数。【例题】______ Tom_____Peter are fond of watching TV.A. Not only; but also    B. Both; and     C. Either; or    D. Neither; nor 巩固练习一、词汇A）请根据题中空格后的中文提示、英文释义或音标，写出句中所缺单词，使句子通顺。1. The girl is getting fatter and fatter, so she eats less to lose her w_____________.2.The play wasn’t interesting at all. We all felt very _________________(not interesting).3.My father likes reading __________________(杂志) about cars when he is free.4.She will not tell this to anyone. She can keep s_______________.5.A lot of people like her song very much for her sweet v_____________.B) 请根据句意，从方框中选用合适的词，并用其适当形式填空，使句子通顺, 每词限一次。  1.He often tells funny jokes and makes us happy. He is __________________.2.Her _____________ face told us that she was very happy at that moment.3. Betty is very generous and ___________ to share her things with others.4.I think Peter is __________________ among the six students.5.My mother says she feels much ________________ today.C) 请根据句意，从方框中选用合适的动词, 并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。  1.We often _____________ a room when we were in England.2. It’s a fine day. Why not _______________ the Great Wall with us?3.What does Simon want to do when he _________ up?4. You can do what you can __________ the old.5. Both Li Lei and Han Meimei __________ interested in the film.二、单项选择(   )1.This is ________ interesting work. We really enjoy it.      A. a               B. an              C. the              D. /(   )2.Did Lisa tell you ________ in the letter?     A. funny anything   B. anything funny  C. funny something  D. something funny(   )3. It will be ________ if you buy a return ticket on the train when you travel in England.A. much cheap       B. more cheaply     C. much cheaper      D. more cheap(   )4.Tom, you must do the homework __________ . Don’t copy your sister’s.    A yourselves        B. yourself          C.himself        D. themselves(   )5. There is a big cake. ____________ share it.    A. May be we can  B. We may be    C. Maybe we can     D. Maybe can we(   )6.Millie wants to __________ you ___________ her new school.    A. tell, about       B. talk, about    C. tell, on            D. talk, on(   )7.My dad makes me _______ the piano for three hours every day.    A. playing         B. to play          C. play              D. plays(   )8. Lucy didn’t make any mistakes in the maths exam. She is ______ than any other student.    A. much careful     B. more careful      C. more careless   D. the most careful(   )9.What makes you _________ today than yesterday?    A. happy       B. happily          C. happier           D. happiest(   )10.Listening is as _________ as speaking in language learning.    A. important    B. more important   C. most important D. the most important(   )11.I didn’t know which T-shirt was _______, so I took them both.       A. nicer         B. well           C. best            D. good(   )12.What’s your best friend like? ___________       A He’s fine, thank you                   B. He likes watching TV       C. He’s a teacher                       D. He’s helpful and generous(   )13. –Which of the two T-shirt will you take?       -I’ll take _________. One is for my brother and the other is for myself.       A either         B. both         C. all             D. every三、按要求完成句子1.Max is the tallest boy in his class. （改为同义句)  Max is _________ than ________ _________           in his class.  Max is _________ than ________ _________           in his class.2. When I feel worried about something, I can always go to her. (改为同义句)   When something ________ ________ , I can always go to her.3.This bag is 90 yuan. That bag is 70 yuan（改为同义句）　  This bag is _______ ________          that one.  That bag is _______ ________   this one.  That bag is _______ ________ _______ ________  this one.  That bag is _______ ________ _______  this one.4. 上海比中国的其他任何一个城市都要大。 上海比日本的任何一个城市都要大。 南京比江苏的其他城市都要大。南京市江苏最大的城市之一。 你越是仔细，你犯的错误将会越少。 8. Tom是双胞胎中较高的那个。 9.长江是世界第三长河。 10. 我们的国家将会越来越美丽。  四、假设你Sandy请根据下面的要点提示，发挥适当的想象，写一篇70词左右的英语短文介绍一下你自己。 要点提示：    1. 个子不高，圆脸，小鼻子，短发，笑咪咪的眼睛让人觉得很亲切；    2. 聪明勤奋，最擅长英语、语文，但是最不擅长数学；    3. 长大后想当一名医生，帮助人们保持身体健康。[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]    _________________________________________________________________________    _________________________________________________________________________    _________________________________________________________________________    _________________________________________________________________________    _________________________________________________________________________