【备战2023高考】英语全复习——第01讲《冠词和名词》测试（全国通用）

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第01讲 冠词和名词（测）时间 ：45分钟  满分：50分姓名__________    得分________一、单项选择(每题1分，共15分)1．（2012·辽宁·高考真题）I woke up with      bad headache, yet by      evening the pain had gone.A．the; the B．the; an C．a; the D．a; an【答案】C【解析】考查冠词。句意：我醒来时头痛得厉害，但到了晚上疼痛就消失了。第一空表示泛指应用不定冠词a；第二空为固定用法by the evening，表示“到了晚上”，用定冠词the，故选C项。2．（2011·重庆·高考真题）In communication, a smile is usually _____ strong sign of a friendly and _____ open attitude.A．a; / B．the; /C．a; an D．the; an【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。句意：在交际中，一个微笑通常是一个友好的、开明的强烈标志。第一空填a，表示“一种强烈的标志”，第二空不填，因为前面有a，friendly和open并列，共同修饰后面的名词attitude，所以第二空格不加冠词，故选A。3．（2011·江西·高考真题）—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000      year.—Right, he will also get paid by      week.A．the; the B．a; theC．the; a D．a; a【答案】B【解析】考查冠词。句意：——据说，约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60000美元的工作。——是的，他将按周获得报酬。表示“每年”用a year；表示“按周计算”用by the week。故选B。4．（2016·浙江·高考真题）______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.A．The ; 不填 B．A ; 不填C．A ; the D．The ; a【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是在巴黎度假两个星期。第一空填the，是特指“获胜者的奖品”，用定冠词；第二空泛指“一个两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。故选A。考点：考查冠词。5．（2010·福建·高考真题）It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.A．/；a B．a；/ C．the；a D．a；the【答案】B【解析】考查冠词。句意：去上海欣赏世博会带给人们快乐，这是一个非常好的感觉。feeling作为感觉讲为可数名词。pleasure作为快乐、欢乐讲为不可数名词。因此选B项。6．（2021·天津·高考真题）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。7．（2012·江西·高考真题）You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future      .A．purpose B．reference C．progress D．memory【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查名词辨析。句意：你最好把这个餐厅的电话号码记下来以备以后参考。A. purpose目的；B. reference参考；C. progress进步；D. memory记忆。for reference表示“以供参考”，故B正确。考点：考查名词辨析8．（2014·湖北·高考真题）Her_____ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A．motivation B．qualificationC．talent D．technique【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利。A. motivation动力，激励；B. qualification 资格；C .talent才能，天赋；D. technique 技巧。故根据a desire for women to get the right to higher education.可知，她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利。故选A。9．（2012·浙江·高考真题）Your_____ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.A．operation B．growth C．performance D．character【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：作为一名学生，如果你养成课后复习的好习惯，那么你的表现就会很优异。A.操作 B.生长 C.表现 D.性格。学生如果有课后复习的好习惯，会表现优秀。故选C。10．（2013·天津·高考真题）While she was in Paris, she developed a _____ for fine art.A．way B．relation C．taste D．habit【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在巴黎期间，培养了对艺术的鉴赏力。A.way方法，道路；B. relation关系；C. taste品尝，鉴赏力；D. habit习惯。develop a taste for“培养对……的鉴赏力”。故选C。11．（2020·江苏·高考真题）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.A．reservation B．transformation C．distinction D．submission【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。12．（2018·天津·高考真题）Can we stop the ______ of the world’s deserts and save the land that man depends so much on?A．loss B．heat C．spread D．defence【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能阻止世界上沙漠的蔓延，拯救人类如此依赖的土地吗?A. loss丢失；B. heat热量；C. spread蔓延；D. defence 防御。由“the world’s deserts and save the land”可知，spread“蔓延”符合句意。故选C项。13．（2019·江苏·高考真题）Nowadays the ________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A．priority B．potential C．proportion D．pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A符合语境。14．（2019·天津·高考真题）We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.A．statement B．impactC．impression D．judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。A. statement陈述说明；B. impact影响，效果；C. impression印象；D. judgment判断。故选B符合语境。15．（2018·江苏·高考真题）Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.A．assignment B．associationC．acquisition D．assumption【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配；B. association协会，社团；C. acquisition获得物；D. assumption假设。故选D。点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening（实际发生）和instead of（而不是）可推知，与actually happening相反是“假设”，从而选出正确答案。二、用单词的适当形式完成句子(每题1分，共25分)16．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）…Charles Dresser, who performed their ________ (marry) ceremony in 1842. 【答案】marriage【解析】考查名词。句意：……查尔斯·德莱瑟，他在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词their，空后ceremony可知，此处可用名词形式，修饰名词ceremony；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“结婚典礼”。故填marriage。17．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足). 【答案】Activities【解析】考查名词。句意：1980年被正式承认的科莫多国家公园因其独特的生物多样性而受到生态旅游的欢迎。从观鲸到徒步旅行，那里有各种各样的活动。分析句子结构可知，设空处位于句首，在句中作主语，根据谓语动词range可知，设空处应填给定的可数名词activity的复数形式。故填Activities。18．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ________ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. 【答案】     protection     meaningful【解析】1.考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。2.考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。19．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）The writing project isn’t easy, but her readers have followed her on a journey to self- acceptance and __________ (confident). 【答案】confidence【解析】考查名词。句意：写作计划并不容易，但她的读者跟随她踏上了自我接纳和自信的征程。根据句型分析可知，此空应和and前self- acceptance为并列关系，故应填名词confidence，为不可数名词。故填confidence。20．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）The high cost of child-raising is one more__________ (difficult) Chinese policymakers face while dealing with rapidly decreasing birth rates. 【答案】difficulty【解析】考查名词。句意：养育孩子的高成本是中国政策制定者在面临解决出生率迅速下降问题的同时的又一个困难。分析句子结构可知，空格前面有one more修饰，所以这里需要可数名词单数形式做表语，表示“困难的事情”的意思。故填difficulty。21．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）About 14 percent of the world’s food is lost during from________(produce) to retail (零售)...Wu Laping, a professor at China Agricultural University’s College of Economics and Management, said food loss and waste is________(large) affected by economic development. （所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】     production     largely【解析】考查名词和副词。句意：世界上大约14%的食物在从生产到零售的过程中被浪费掉了……中国农业大学经济管理学院教授吴腊平表示，粮食损失和浪费在很大程度上受经济发展的影响。分析句子可知，空处1前有介词from，且根据to retail中的retail为名词可知，此处也应用名词，根据语意，此处意为“生产”，应用production，抽象名词不可数，故填production。而由空处2后的动词affected可知，此处应用副词做状语修饰动词is affected，应用large的副词形式，故填largely。故空处1填production，空处2填largely。22．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Starting from Beijing North Railway Station and heading west through the Great Wall, the project is_________(probable) the biggest challenge ever. Its designers say that the explosions needed to dig the tunnels will not have a negative effect on the structure. The railway line has a_________(long) of 174 km as a double-track passage line, with ten stations along its route. 【答案】     probably     length【解析】考查副词和名词。句意：从北京北站出发，向西穿过长城，该项目可能是有史以来最大的挑战。其设计者表示，挖掘隧道所需的爆炸不会对结构产生负面影响。该铁路线全长174公里，为双线通道，沿线有10个车站。第一空，空处修饰形容词最高级形式the biggest，应用副词形式作状语，即probably；第二空，根据空格前冠词a及空格后介词of，可知此处要填名词，作动词has的宾语，即length。故填probably，length。23．（2022新高考1卷 ）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ________ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 【答案】populations【解析】考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善大熊猫不同种群和栖息地之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，population应用其复数形式表示泛指，作宾语。故填populations。24．（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ________ (population) and homes of giant pandas. 【答案】populations【解析】考查名词复数。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系。根据句意可知，设空处应用可数名词population“种群”的复数的形式和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语。故填populations。25．（2019新课标I卷） Leading to a ________ (believe) that populations are increasing. 【答案】belief【解析】考查名词。句意：导致了一种信念，人口正在增长。根据前文不定冠词和后文that引导的同位语从句可知，此处用其名词单数形式作介词宾语。故填belief。26．（2021北京卷）Why do we dream？Scientists aren’t completely sure, and they have diverse________ (idea)．【答案】ideas【解析】考查名词复数。句意：我们为什么还做梦呢？连科学家们都不完全确定，他们都有不同的看法。idea是可数名词，由diverse“不同的，多种多样的”修饰，应用名词复数形式。故填ideas。27．（2021全国甲卷） Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people.【答案】watchtowers【解析】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和瞭望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different(不同的)可知，此处应用可数名词watchtower的复数形式和gates并列作介词at的宾语。故填watchtowers。28．（2022全国乙卷）As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 【答案】responsibility【解析】考查名词。句意：作为国际茶日的主要推动者，茶的发源地和最大产茶国，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据前文不定冠词a可知，此处应用其名词单数形式作宾语。故填responsibility。29．（2022·江西·模拟预测）The giant panda is one of the world's most adored and protected rare ________ (animal).【答案】animals【解析】考查可数名词的单复数。句意：大熊猫是世界上最受欢迎并被保护的稀有动物之一，并且是世界上为数不多的被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产名录的动物之一。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配one of +复数名词，表示“……之一”的意思。故填animals。30．（2022·内蒙古·呼和浩特市一模）According to the plan, the high-speed railway will have two branch________ (line)—one is to Yanqing Station, the other is to Taizicheng of Chongli, where the Olympic village lies.【答案】lines【解析】考查名词。句意：根据计划，这条高铁将有两条支线，一条到延庆站，另一条到崇礼的太子城，这是奥运村所在地。根据空格前数词two可知，此处应用名词复数，构成名词短语branch lines(支线)。故填lines。31．（2022·内蒙古·呼和浩特市一模）The railway line has a________ (long) of 174 km as a double-track passage line, with ten stations along its route. 【答案】length【解析】考查名词。句意：这条铁路全长174公里，是一条双线通道，沿途有10个车站。根据空格前冠词a及空格后介词of，可知此处要填名词，a length of 意为“……的长度……”在句中作宾语。故填length。31．（2022·广西桂林·二模）“We hope to add more ________ ( happy ) to the great event, meanwhile, viewers can learn about traditional Chinese culture, ” said Zheng Feihu, director of the video. 【答案】happiness【解析】考查名词。句意：视频总监郑飞虎表示：“我们希望为这场体育盛会增添更多欢乐，同时，观众可以了解中国传统文化”。此处缺少名词作动词add的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填happiness。33．（2022全国甲卷）________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. （用适当的词填空）【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友Wu Fan在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a。句首字母大写，故填A。34．（2022新高考I卷）Covering an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. （用适当的词填空）【答案】the【解析】考查冠词、倍数表达法。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。倍数表达法之一是：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。35．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）（2022·广西桂林·二模）All of ________ sudden, the bamboo in the panda’s hands is turned into a bobsleigh (雪橇) carrying the girl while the panda speeds ahead. (用适当的词填空)【答案】a【解析】考查冠词、固定短语。句意：突然间，熊猫手中的竹子变成了一个长长的雪橇，女孩站在上面，而熊猫则在前面疾驰。固定短语all of a sudden“突然”是固定短语，在句中作状语。故填a。(2019·全国高一课时练)When we show respect Fm others, we win their respect at ________ same time.【答案】the【解析】at the same time同时，故填the。句意：我们对别人表示尊重的时候，我们同时也赢得了他们的尊重。(2021·黑龙江佳木斯一中高一期中)The old woman was about to make ________ fire to cook dinner when someone knocked at die door.【答案】a【解析】make a fire生火，故填a。句意：老妇人正准备生火做晚饭，这时有人敲门。
(2019·河北保定高一期中)Hard times are to be at ________ end in time, so believe in yourself and be happy.【答案】an【解析】at an end结束，故填an。句意：艰难的时刻终将结束，所以相信自己，快乐起来吧。(2019·全国高二课时练)—It must have been horrible.— ________ the contrary, I enjoyed every minute.（用适当的词填空）【答案】On【解析】on the contrary正相反，位于句首，大写首字母，故填On。句意：“那一定很可怕。”“恰恰相反，我享受每一分钟。”(2022·全国高三专题练)When he was trying to break into the bank, the thief was caught on ________ spot.       【答案】the【解析】on the spot当场，故填the。句意：当小偷试图闯入银行时，被当场抓住。三、单句改错(每题1分，共10分)41. （2021.6全国甲卷）Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of the same age and can understand each other.【答案】friend→friends【解析】考查名词。句意：许多学生说，他们会和朋友或同学交谈，因为他们同龄，可以相互理解。friend表示“朋友”可数名词，与classmates并列，应用其复数形式表示泛指，作介词to的宾语。故将friend改为friends。42.（2021.6全国乙卷）I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.【答案】dish→dishes【解析】考查名词。句意：我喜欢做家务。我总是在饭后帮父母洗碗。do the dishes为固定短语，表示“洗碗，洗餐具”，所以名词dish应用其复数形式。故将dish改为dishes。43．（2020·新课标I卷）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.【答案】chopstick→chopsticks【解析】考查名词。句意：接下来，我把鸡蛋打碎到一个碗里，用筷子快速地搅打。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现。故将chopstick改为chopsticks。44．（2020·新课标II卷）Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.【答案】vacations→vacation【解析】考查名词。句意：幸运的是，我将在两周后回家过暑假。结合语意，此处指“我”两周后回家过的这一个暑假，应用名词的单数形式。故将vacations改为vacation。45．(2019·新课标I卷)Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.【答案】football前加上a【解析】考查冠词。句意：突然，一个足球正好落在我面前，差点砸到我。结合语意，此处泛指一个足球，名词football前应用不定冠词，football是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用a。故在football前加上a。46．(2018·新课标卷I)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.【答案】countryside前加上the【解析】考查冠词。句意：去年寒假，我和父亲去农村看望祖父母。countryside表示“农村”，此处表示特指，应在名词前加上定冠词the。故在countryside前加上the。47．（2019·新课标I卷）Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.【答案】在football前加a；but→and【解析】考查冠词和连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。此处名词football为可数名词，且此处泛指“一个足球”，故在football前加a；且 “足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，应用and连接，故将but改为and。故答案为：在football前加a；将but改为and48．He said he painted for a pleasure.【答案】去掉a【解析】考查冠词。句意：他说他画画是为了消遣。这里符合短语for pleasure，意为“消遣，为了娱乐”，不需要冠词。故去掉a。49．The blog serves as open platform where you can do lots of things.【答案】open前加an【解析】考查冠词。句意：博客作为一个开放的平台，在这里你可以做很多事情。分析句子可知，这里表泛指，意为“一个平台”，应使用不定冠词，而其后open以元音音素开头，要用an。故在open前加an。50．Twice a day，someone is scheduled to take him out for walk.【答案】walk前加a【解析】考查冠词。句意：有人被安排来带他出去散步，一天两次。由句意可知，这里for后的walk表示泛指散步行为，其前要用不定冠词a，for a walk，意为“散步”。故在walk前加a。