所属成套资源:(全国通用)备战2023高考英语一轮总复习精讲精练(含答案解析)
【备战2023高考】英语全复习——第04讲《动词和动词短语》讲义(全国通用)
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第04讲 动词和动词短语 (讲)
【考纲考情】
高考对动词和动词短语的考查主要集中在动词和动词的辨析,尤其是在特定语境中的应用,动词和动词短语的熟词生义等。动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力,因此我们在平时的学习中应当掌握常用动词的基本意义,注意一词多义和旧词新义;重视理解句子的本义和引申义,逐步养成琢磨句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯,为正确运用英语词汇夯实基础。
对动词和动词短语的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空,改错题和书面表达中,尤其语篇型填空中,给出动词,要求考生在设空出填出与之搭配的介词或者副词。
【考点梳理】
考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析
使用频率较高的这类动词有:call,cut,come,go,get,go,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,make等。常见的介词或副词有:in,off,out,up,away,for,on,over等。
1.动词+ away构成的短语动词有:
throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠,分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃,跑开 go away 走开
2.动词+ for构成的短语动词有:
answer for负责 provide for供给 all for要求
plan for打算,为……计划hope for希望,期待 ask for索取,寻找
send for派人去请 go for努力获取 pay for偿还,赔偿
3.动词+on构成的短语动词有:
try on试穿,试验 put on穿上,上演 have on穿着,戴着
pull on穿,戴 hold on不挂断,坚持,继续 carry on继续开展,坚持
keep on继续 go on继续 get on上(车)
4.动词+over构成的短语动词有:
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查,复习
get over克服,恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受,接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转
5.动词+ up构成的短语动词有:
bring up抚育,培养 call up召唤,打电话给 come up走上前来,长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃;go up 上升,增长
grow up 长大 look up尊敬,向上看,查寻 make up虚构,弥补,组成
put up举起,搭建 set up建立,创(纪录) pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到
send up发射 show up 揭露,露面 turn up出现,把……调高一点
6.动词+out构成的短语动词有:
come out出来 go out出去,熄灭 look out留神,当心
walk out走出 set out出发,开始 put out扑灭,生产
give out发出,发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出,发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产,结果是
get out出去,离开 carry out实行,执行 work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通
bring out出版 start out 出发,动身。
附:高考英语高频动词短语动词归纳
(1)act短语
act as 担任……职务,起……作用
act for 代理(某人职务),代为(处理某事)
act out 表演(对话、故事等)
act up 捣乱,出毛病
(2)believe短语
believe in 确信,信任,信仰,主张
believe one's ears 相信所听到的话
make believe 假装(pretend to do sth.)
seeing is believing 眼见为实
(3)blow短语
blow about 吹散 blow away 吹走
blow off 吹掉,吹散,吹灭
blow out吹灭,走气
blow up,放大(照片),吹大(气球),爆炸,发脾气
give sb. a heavy blow 给某人以沉重打击
(4)break短语
break away 摆脱,脱离
break away from … 脱离……,奋力挣脱……、打破
break down 出故障,中止,分解、抛锚、破坏,粉碎;瓦解;衰弱,损坏;(健康等)垮掉,累垮;崩溃
break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入,使顺服
break into … 闯入……,破门而入,突然开始,把(sth.)分成
break (sth) off (使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止,打断,断绝
break out (战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发,准备使用;起锚
break open 破开,撬开
break short 中断,折断
break out in tears 突然大哭
break the rule(law) 违反规定
break one’s promise 失言
break through 突围,冲跨,克服,挤过去
break up vt. 分解,分裂,拆散,碎开,开垦,vi.结束
(5)bring短语
bring about 引起,导致,使发生,促使
bring along 把……带来,领来
bring back 拿(送)回来,使恢复,使回忆
bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼,使……苏醒
bring down 使……降低,减少,使……倒下,使……落下,浓缩,收缩,击落
bring down / up (the price) 降价/提价
bring forth开(花),结(果),发表,宣布,提出
bring forward 提出
bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入),吸收
bring into action 使行动起来,使生效
bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,实行
bring into operation 使运转,将...投入生产
bring into (full) play 发挥,调动,利用
bring sb.into touch with...接触,触摸
bring on 发展,引起,导致,使前进,提出(论点)
bring out 拿出,公布,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出
bring off 完成,救出,使成功,搬走
bring to 使苏醒
bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用
bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期
bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施……
bring to light 出现,公布,暴露
bring to mind 使想起,回忆起
bring up 抚养,培养,哺育,使停止
(6)build短语
build ... into 把...建设成,把...装入
build on / upon 建立在...上,依赖,指望
build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴
build up to 增加
(7)以burst为中心的词组
burst forth 爆发,喷出,忽然出现
burst in 闯进,突然出现
burst into 闯进,突然...起来,突然发出
burst into tears / laughter 嚎啕大哭/放声大笑
burst out 迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊
burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑
(8)call短语
call away 叫走,把(注意力)转移开
call at (sp) 访问(某地),拜访(某地),停泊在
call back 回电话
call for 提倡,号召,要求,需要,去接某人,接走某人,迎,取
call / shout for help 呼救
call in 请来,召集,来访,打电话,引入
call off 取消,下令停止
call on / upon 号召
call on (sb) 拜访(某人),访问(某人)
call out 大声呼喊,叫喊,唤起
call sb…for short 简称某人……
call sb names 谩骂某人
call up 给……打电话,使人想起,号召,召集
call to mind 使想起,回忆起
pay a call at sp. 访问(某地)
pay a call on sb. 拜访(某人)
(9)catch短语
be caught in the rain 淋雨
catch /take fire 着火
catch on 挂住,明白,理解,受欢迎
catch one’s word 听懂话
catch out 发觉,抓住某人的错处
catch sight of 发现,瞥见
(10)carry短语
carry about 随身携带
carry away 冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑
carry back 拿回,运回,使想起
carry ...into effect /practice 执行,实行,实现,完成
carry off 带走叼走,夺去...的生命,获得(奖品)
carry on 坚持,继续,进行
carry out 贯彻,执行,实施,完成
carry through 坚持到底,进行到底,贯彻,完成
(11)check短语
check in 报到,登记,投宿旅馆
check off 检验,清点
check on 检查,调查
check out 查明,结帐,付款而离开旅馆
check up 核对,检查,检验
check with 商议,符合,核对无误
(12)clear短语
clear away 扫除,消除
clear off 清除,清理,(云雾)消散,(雨)停
clear out 清除,扫出
clear through 通过(检查,批准)
clear up(天)变晴,打扫,消除
make it clear that...使人明白
(13)come短语
come about 发生,产生,(风,帆)改变方向
come across 偶然相遇,想起;越过;偿付
come along 一道来,随同,进展,出现
come at … 向……袭击,达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击
come back 回来,想起来,复原
come down 下来,下落,倒下,降落;跌落;病倒
come down to… 到达,从一处来到另一处
come for… 来拿,来取
come from… 来自,出生于,起源于
come in 进来,进入,流行起来;获名次
come into being 形成,产生,出现
come into operation开始运转,实施,生效
come into possession of占有,拥有
come into the possession of被...占有,被...拥有
come off 脱落,从……离开
come on 过来,加油,赶快,上演;开始;登台;(问题)被提出
come near 接近,不亚于,几乎,差一点
come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见,偶然碰上,偶然发现
come out 露出,出来,出现,出版,发(芽),(花)开,出版;结果是;褪色;(秘密)泄露
come over 访问,越过
come over to… 过来,顺便来访,从一个地方来到另一个地方
come round / around (非正式)来访,串门,绕道
come off (头发,牙齿,纽扣)脱落,离开
come to … 来到,出现,提及,达到,共计,结果是,苏醒,达到;归结于,渐渐(to do sth =get to do sth.)
come to a decision 作出决定
come to an end 结束,终止
come to know 逐渐地知道
come to life (变得)活泼,苏醒过来,栩栩如生
come to light 显露,为人所知,明朗化
come to oneself 苏醒过来,恢复知觉
come to a stop 结束,停止,停顿
come to / into power 当权,上台
come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟
come to terms with… 甘心忍受
come true 变为现实,成为事实,证实
come up 被提出,上来(风浪)猛烈起来,抬头,走近;上楼;长出,发芽,流行起来
come up to sb 朝某人走来
come up with … 提出,想出(主意),找出(答案),赶上
come upon (偶然)遇见,突然发生
(14)cross短语
cross out / off 打消,删去,除去
cross one's fingers交叉手指(表祝福)
cross one's mind想起 cross over横贯,穿过,交叉
cross sb. in 与某人作对,在...中阻碍某人
(15)cut短语:
a cut above 胜过一筹 a short cut 近路,捷径
cut/break/make a /the record 创造新记录,打破记录
cut away 切除,剪去,砍掉,逃走
cut down 砍倒,砍下,削减,缩短
cut in 插嘴,加塞,插入
cut in line 插队
cut off 切断(线路),中断(供应),剪下,关掉
cut sth. open 切开,切伤
cut out 删除,剪下来,切下
cut sth.short 缩减,截短
cut through 凿通,挖通,贯穿
cut up 切碎,剪碎,剁碎,齐根切掉,割裂,歼灭
(16)do短语:
be done in 精疲力竭
be done with 完全结束
do the deed 付诸行动,生效
do about 处理,应付
do and don’t 要与不要
do a good deed 做一件好事
do a test 做实验,做化验
do a word puzzle 猜字谜
do away with 废除,废除;弄死;浪费
do body-building 做健身操
do chores 处理琐事,干家务
do /cause damage to 损害
do its work 有效,有作用
do housework 做家务活
do make-up 化妆,打扮
do observations 观察
do one’s best 尽某人最大努力
do much 极有用
do sb. right 公平对待,正确批评某人
do research on… 从事……研究工作
do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人,对某人表示敬意
do sb. justice 公平对待某人
do up 打扮,梳妆,收拾,把(衣服,鞋子等)扣/系好,捆,扎,刷新
do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头
do up the button 扣纽扣
do well / better in… 在……方面干得好/更好
do wonders 创造奇迹,产生奇特的效果
do with 处理,处置,对付,和~~相处,忍受
do without 不需要...也行,不用
do wrong 做坏事,做错事(do right = do the right thing 做得对)
in doing so=in so doing 这时,在这种情况下
(17)drive短语
drive away vi.开车走掉 vt.赶走,驱赶
drive off 驱散
drive out 逐出,乘车出去
drive through 乘车穿过(街道等)
drive sb.mad 使某人发疯
(18)fall短语
fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默
fall back撤退,后退
fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面
fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败
fall in love with...爱上(某人)
fall into 陷入,养成,开始,渐渐
fall into a habit of 养成...习惯
fall off 掉下,衰退,减少
fall over 摔倒,落在...上,(头发)披在肩上
fall to pieces 破碎,崩溃,瓦解
fall into ruins 成为废墟
fall to the guound 坠地,失败,落空
(19)fix短语
fix a date / time for...为...安排日期/时间
fix up 修理,安装,安排,建造,提供
fix on / upon 确定,决定
fix one's eyes on/upon 注视,凝视
fix one's attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在
out of fix (钟表)不准,不健全
(20)get短语
get at 意指,本意是,发现,了解;掌握;攻击
get about 四处走动,活动,徘徊,旅行;流传
get above oneself 自视高傲
get across 度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解
get ahead of 胜过,超过
get along 前进,进步;同意;离去,相处
get around 走动,传播,影响,说服
get away 移走,逃离(from),出发,开始度假
get back 回来,取回,找回,退还,报复
get behind 落后;识破
get close to 接近
get down vt.咽下;写下;使沮丧,使倒下vi.下来
get down on one’s knees 跪下
get down to (doing) sth 认真对待,静下心来开始(做)某事
get in 进入,收获,达到,陷入;牵涉
get in a word 插话
get into 进入,陷入,养成
get sb into… 使某人陷入
get it 接(电话),应(门),理解,懂得
get off 下车,脱下(衣服等),送走,动身
get on 上车,过活,穿上;进步,使前进;成功;相处
get on / along with… 进展,与……相处
get on/upon with 进步;在~~方面获得成功
get one's hand in 熟悉;习惯
get on one’s feet (艰难地)站立起来
get out vi. 摆脱,出去,下车,泄露,离开
get out of 逃避,避免,由~~出来,从~~得出,退休
get over 克服,恢复,原谅,越过,痊愈;克服,完成
get up 起床,起身,研究,钻研;致力于;安排
get through 接通(电话),完成(工作),通过(议案、考试等),到达
get to 到达,抵达 get to sleep 入睡,设法睡着
get / gain / take possession of 占有,拥有,占领
get ready for 为……做准备
get rid of 除掉,去掉
get sb to do 让某人做
get the idea for… 想到……的主意
get the message across 传播信息
get together 相聚,碰头,联欢,积聚,商谈,取得一致意见
get / be engaged (to sb) (与某人)订婚
(21)give短语
be given to 沉溺于,习惯于,癖好
give about 分配;传播
give and take 相互迁就,互让
give away 赠送,给予,背弃,泄露,分发,牺牲,颁发
give back 归还,送回
give back 归还,反射
give cause 给予~~的理由
give ear to 侧耳倾听
give forth 发出,放出;发表
give in 投降,让步,屈服
give in to 同意,接受;向~~让步
give off 释放,发出,放出 (烟、光、热、气味等)
give oneself out as/to be 自称为
give oneself up to 专心于;向~~自首
give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完,用完,耗尽
give(hand)over转交,移交
give place to 让位于,被~~所替代
give rise to引起,导致;使~~发生
give up 放弃,辞去,停止
give a concert 开音乐会
give a description of… 描述……
give / make a speech 演讲,讲话
give a talk 演讲,做报告
give birth to 生婴儿,生产,造成
give close attention to 密切关注
give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗
give shade in summer (夏天时)遮阳
give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助
give sb a second look 再看某人一眼
give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人
give sb. to understand 通知某人,使明白
give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就……向某人提出建议/忠告
give way to 让步,退却;屈服于
given that...假定,给定,已知
(22)go短语
go abroad 出国 go about 四处走走,开始做,着手干,(谣言等)流传
go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访
go against 违反,违背,反对,不利于
go across 度过,越过
go ahead 说吧,干吧,领先,走在前面,前进,进展
go after 追逐,追求,跟随
go / walk around 四处走走
go all about 鼓足干劲,全力以赴
go along 前进,进行下去
go away 走开,离去
go around 走来走去,四处走动
go back 回去
go beyond 超越
go by 走过,经过,(时间)消逝,过去
go down to 延续到,继续到
go down 下来,落下,倒下 ,垮台,(风等)平静,沉没
go down on one’s knees 跪下
go for 为……去,努力获取,主张,适用于,去(取,拿)
go for sb 对某人也一样
go in 进去,(日月等)被云遮蔽
go in for 参加,喜欢,赞成,从事,为...而努力
go into 详细调查,进入,参加,从事
go into details 细说
go off 走开,离去,(闹钟)闹响,爆炸
go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去
go off the air 停止广播(比较:go on the air 开始广播)
go on 发生,进行,继续
go on with...继续做,忍受
go out 熄灭,出去,外出,离开,下台,退休
go over 复习,过一遍,仔细检查,审阅,越过
go round 拜访,绕道走,绕...运行
go past 从……的旁边过去
go up 上升,上涨,增长,攀登
go with…与……相配,和...一道走,同意
go without 忍受没有……之苦,没有……也行,没有……也能勉强应付
go straight along 沿着……一直往前走
go through 通过,浏览,仔细检查,审查,履行,忍受
go through with 完成
go up 上升,上涨,攀登
go with 与...相配,和...一道走,同意
have a go 企图,试图 want a go 试一试
(23)have短语
have a break 休息一下
have a bright future 有一个灿烂的未来
have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈
[比较:have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话
have a talk with sb (about sth) (就某事)与某人进行交流
have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句,跟某人说句话]
have a good laugh over… 对……笑了个够
have a hit 风靡一时
have an eye for 有眼力,有眼光
have (got ) a pain (in the…) (身体某部位)痛
have to = have got to 不得不,必须
have mercy on… 宽恕……,对……仁慈,对……表示怜悯
have sth on sb 某人身上带着某物
(24)hold短语
hold back 退缩,踌躇,阻挡,控制住,隐瞒
hold to / by 坚持,固守
hold down 压制,压低,缩减
hold off 耽搁,不接近,离开
hold one’s breath 屏息,不出气
hold on 等一等,不要挂电话
hold on to 抓住,保住
hold out 伸出,坚持下去,维持,提出,支持,主张
hold up 阻挡,使停顿,举起,拿起,阻滞
hold with 和...意见一致,赞成
hold together 连在一起,团结一致
(25)keep短语
keep at 坚持,不停地做
keep away from 避开,别靠近
keep company with...和...结交
keep back 隐瞒,忍住,阻止……向前,留下,扣留
keep dark 保守秘密
keep down 控制,缩减
keep in 闭门不出
keep off 勿踏,勿踩
keep off sb / sth 不接触或不接近某人/某事物
keep on 继续进行
keep out 不得入内
keep…out 把……挡住,把……留在外面
keep out of … 不进入…
keep pace with...跟上,同...步调一致
keep time 合拍子,按时,(钟表)走得准
keep to 坚持,固守,遵守
keep up 继续,保持,坚持,使(情绪等)不低落
keep up with… = catch up with… 跟上,赶上,与...并肩前进
keep a date 赴约
keep an eye on 注视,留心,注意,照顾(keep an eye out for 注视,留心,注意)
keep one’s appointment 守约
keep silent over … 对……保持沉默
keep the same look 保持原貌
keep watch 保持警戒,站岗,守望,值班,注意
in good /high(bad/low)keep 保存得好(坏)
(26)knock短语
knock at /on 敲打(门、窗等)
knock down 把……撞倒,击倒
knock into 撞到,撞上某人,偶然碰见
knock sb out (of sth) 淘汰某人
knock over 撞翻,撞倒
(27)lay短语
lay aside 把..放在一边,抛弃,贮藏
lay down 放下,使躺下,放弃,牺牲
lay off (暂时)解雇,放弃,停止
lay out 花费,投资,不置,打昏
(28)leave短语
give leave 准假
leave about乱放,乱丢
leave alone 听任,任其自然
leave...as it is.听其自然
leave behind 留下,忘记携带
leave out 省去,遗漏,不把...计算在内
leave off 停止,脱去,戒除
leave office 离职,下台
leave over 留下,剩下,延期
leave room for 为...让出地方
leave sth, to / with sb把...交给/留给某人.
leave sb, sth. 把...交给/留给某人
on leave 休假,请假
(29)look短语
look at 看着,注视,检查,着眼于
look about 四下环顾;查看
look ahead 向前看,展望未来
look(admire)at oneself in the mirror 照镜子
look after 照顾,照料,照看
look around / about 四处看看,四下环顾
look back 回首,回忆,回顾过去
look back on/upon… 回顾……,回忆……
look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望,期盼某事物/做某事
look for 寻找,期望
look in 来访,参观,看望
look into… 往……里面看,浏览,调查,研究
look (right) into sb’s eyes 直视着
look on/upon 旁观,面向,观望
look on / upon ...as...把...看作
look out 向外看;注意,当心,提防,警惕
look one's age 和年龄相称
look out for 警惕,留心,找出来,寻找
look over… 翻阅,(仔细)检查,从上面看过去
look through 看透,仔细查看,浏览,翻阅,温习
look to 面向,注意
look up 仰视,往上看,(在字典或参考书中)查阅,查寻,,涨价
look up to sb 敬仰,仰望,尊敬(look down on / upon sb 瞧不起,鄙视,轻视)
look / be worried 看上去/感到担心
(30)make短语
make into 制成,作成(后面跟产品,制成品)
be made in 在……生产/制造
be made of 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(物理变化)(能看出)
made from 由……组成/构成,用某种原材料制成(化学变化)(看不出)
be made up of = consist of 由……组成,由……构成]
make out 理解,看清楚
make up 化妆,打扮,和解,配制,编造,虚构,构成,组成
make up for 弥补,补充,补偿
made up one’s mind 下决心
make advantages/use of 使用,利用
make after 追求,追赶
make a beeline for走直路,走进路,朝...径直走去
make a choice 做出选择
make a commitment 承诺,保证
make a comment / comments (on / upon…) (对……)发表评论
make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人(比较:make fool of … 愚弄)
make a point of doing sth 认为做某事重要或有必要
make a promise 承诺 make a will 立下遗嘱
make (a) suggestion (on …) 提出(关于……)的建议
make a telephone call 打电话
make / take a trip / journey to … 去某地旅行
make conversation 交谈 make eyes at...抛眉眼,以目示意
make for 去向,向~~前进;有利于
make towards 向...前进
make fun of… 取笑,嘲笑,和……开玩笑
make it(事业上)获得成功
make into 把~~制成,使~~转变为
make jokes about sb 拿某人开玩笑,以某人为笑柄
make mistake about… 犯了……错误
make much of 重视;理解;赏识
make one’s way to… 往……走去
make one's mind on sth. 决定某事
make one's own 当作自己的看待
make out 填写;开支票;理解;辨认
make progress (in …) (在……方面)取得进步
make sense 有意义,有道理,讲得通
make sense of… 弄懂……的意思
make sth to (one’s own) measure (按自己的尺寸)定做
make sure 确保,确认,查明
make the adjustment to… 适应……
make the / one’s bed 整理床铺
make up弥补,修理,赔偿,起草,编造,化装,配制,占...比例,讲和
make way for 为~~让路,让路于
make up to 接近,巴结;向~~求爱
on the make 急求成功;增加,损人利己追求名利
(31)meet短语
meet the case 适合,令人满意
meet the need/demand/requirement of满足...需要
meet with 偶然碰见,遭受
meet...by chance/accident偶然碰见
make both ends meet 使收支相抵
(32)open短语
be open to 对...开放,易于接受,经不起(诱惑)
open a for b 为b展开/打开a
open to 朝...开,朝向,通向
open up开发,开创,开辟,开垦,吐露真情,打开,展现
with open eyes 睁着眼睛,留神地,吃惊地
with open arms 张开双臂,热诚(欢迎)
(33)owe短语
owe ... to...把...归功于,把...归因于
owe much to 多亏了,在很大程度上归功于
owe it to...that...归功于,幸亏
owe sb. sth. (=owe sth. to sb.)欠某人...
(34)pass短语
pass away 去世,(时间)过去
pass by 通过,从旁边经过,(时间)过去
pass into 变成,化为
pass down 传下来,流传,使世代相传 ,一代一代传下去
pass on (to sb) 转交给(某人),传给(某人)
pass on/upon 传递,通过
pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流传下来
pass out 失去知觉,昏厥
pass out of one's mind 被人忘掉
pass over 忽视,置之不理
pass through 穿过,越过
pass sth from one to another 把某事物从一人传到另一人手上
(35)pay短语
pay back 偿还(借款),报答,报复
pay for 付款,付费,付代价
pay off 还清(欠款)
(36)pick短语
pick and choose 仔细挑选,挑挑拣拣
pick off 摘下,逐个地射死
pick on 挑选,挑剔,惹恼
pick one's way/steps 小心地走路,择路而行
pick one's words精选用词
pick out 挑选,认出
pick up 开车接(某人),接收,获得,搭载,恢复,爬起,捡起,学会,认识,购买(便宜商品)
pick up with...结识,与...交朋友
(37)pull短语
pull/make/wear a long face 拉长脸,不高兴
pull about 把...拖来拖去,虐待
pull away 拖出,离开
pull apart 拉开,扯断,严加批评
pull down 拉下,拉倒,推翻,拆毁,使(价格)下降,使体质减弱,赚取
pull in (车船)抵达, 节省(费用), 缩减(开支)
pull off 脱(衣,冒),完成,获得成功
pull on 穿,戴,继续拉
pull out 驶出,拔出,离开
pull one's leg 取笑,开玩笑,逗乐
pull through 克服困难,使···脱离危险(渡过难关;恢复健康)
pull sth. to pieces 把...拆散,撤碎
pull up 拔起,阻止,使停下
pull up with/to 追上,赶上
pull (the) wires/strings 在幕后操纵,走后门
(38)push短语
at one push 一口气
bring to the push 使陷绝境
push against 推,推撞
push forward/along 把...腿向前,继续进行
push aside/away 推开,排除
push back 退回,推回
push down 向下推
push in 推进,向岸靠拢
push off 起程,离开
push on 奋力向前,推进
push one's way挤过去,奋力向前
push out 推出,长出
push over 推倒
push through 促成,完成,穿过,挤过
push up 向上推
(39)put短语
put an end to 结束,终止,废除
put aside 把~~放在一边;搁置;排除,储藏
put away 将某物收拾起来,存钱,储存,存起来
put back 把~~放回原处;拨回
put down 扑灭,平息,镇压,记下,记下;削减;降落
put faith in 相信,信任
put forward 提出,建议,推荐,拨快,提倡
put in 驶入,进入
put...(down) in writing 把...写下来
put ~~ into 把~~放入;插入;翻译成
put off 延期,拖延,消除;推脱,脱下
put on (戏)上演,放(唱片),穿戴,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐
put on a performance 演出
put out 扑灭,熄灭,使……停止燃烧,伸出,出版,生产,拿出,制造,刺杀
put through 完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过
put to (good) use (充分)利用
put up 挂起,张贴,举起,抬起,搭起,建立,提名,推荐;陈列
put up with 忍受,容忍
put into 使进入,输入,投入
put/translate…into 把……译成
put one’s heart into… 全神贯注于…
put sb in / into prison 把某人关进监狱
put …to use 使用……,运用……
put a date to sth 注明日期(比较:set / fix the date 确定日期 to date 到目前为止)
(40)refer短语
refer to 指,提及,参考,查阅
be referred to 和...有关,归功于,被提交...处理
refer oneself to...依赖,求助于
refer to...as...把...称做,认为...是...
(41)ring短语
ring off 挂断电话
ring the bell 敲钟,摇铃
ring up 打电话给...
ring back回电话
(42)see短语
see after 照料,照顾
see into 识透,调查
see out 送某人到门口/屋外
see off 送行
see through 看透,识破,支持(某人)到底
see to 照顾,处理,注意
see to it that照料,努力使; 保证,注意
seeing that...因为,鉴于,既然= owing to
as far as i see/know 据我所知
(43)sell短语
sell off 廉价出清(存货)
sell out 卖完,背叛= be sold out
sell up 变卖,拍卖
sell well 畅销,好卖
sell by retail 零售~
by whole-sale 批发
(44)send短语
send away 让走开,解雇,赶走,把...送往远处
send down 把...向下发送,开除,降低(价格,温度)
send for 派人去叫/请/拿 send in 寄送某处进行处理
send off 发出,寄出,解雇,送别
send out 派遣,发出(信号、通知等),长出(树叶等)
send up 发射,射出,往上送,使上升
send sb to sleep 让某人睡觉
send signals by … 通过……发送信号
send word 通知,转告,捎信
(45)set短语
set about (doing) sth 着手,开始
set aside 留出,搁/放在一边,取消,放弃,忽视,拒绝
set back 把(钟表)往回拨
set down 放下,登记,记载
set down to 归于,认为是由于
set forward 把(钟表)拨快,出发
set off 出发,起程,引起爆炸,激起,引起,拨出(钱等)
set one's hand to 着手做,从事
set one's heart / mind on/upon专心于,渴望,一心想做
set out vi.出发 vt.布置,发表
set out (for…) 出发往(……),动身去(……)
set out to do 开始做,着手做
set up 创立,设立,开办,竖起,支起,引起(疾病等)
set /give a (good) example to… 为……树立(好)榜样
set sail for 起航去……
set sail from 从……起航
set sb a good example in … 在……为某人树立榜样
(46)shut短语
shut down (=close down)关闭,倒闭,停工,歇业
shut in 关进去,禁闭,使中止,压制
shut off 关掉,切断
shut one's eyes/ears to...拒绝去看/听
shut one's heart to... 对...不动心
shut one's mind to...死不答应
shut one's teeth 要紧牙关
shut out 关在外面,排除(可能性)
shut up 关闭,密封
(47)stick短语
stick in the mud 陷入泥中,墨守成规
stick...into...把...插入...中
stick out 突出,伸出,显眼
stick to 坚持,忠于,粘到...上
(48)suit短语
be suited for doing (=be suited to do) 配(做),适于
be suited to / for...适合于
suit all tastes 人人合口味,人人中意
suit oneself 随自己意愿
suit the action to the word 使言行一致
suit ...to...使适合于,使适应
suit with...与...相称
(49)stand短语
stand by sb = support sb = take sb’s side 支持某人
stand up 起立,站起来
stand out 突出,显眼
stand for 代表,表示,象征,容忍,支持/拥护,为……的候选人stand still = stay still 站着不动
(50)take短语
be taken aback 吃惊
take after 与某人相像,仿效
take along 带领,携带
take aim 瞄准,设立目标
take … apart = separate …把……分开
take away 拿走,使离开。减去;夺去
take away from… 从……带/拿走
take back 退回,拿回,收回,取消
take down 拿下,记下,记录,占领,拆毁,使病倒
take for… 当作……,误以为是……
take in 吸收,接纳,上当,轻信,领会;留宿
take into 驶入,信任
take off (飞机)起飞,脱掉(衣帽/鞋),成名,成功,很快上升,开始流行/畅销
take on 呈现,雇佣,承担,担任
take out 拿出,取出,去除,取得(专利权)
take over 继承,接管,接替
take up 从事,开始,专注于,占去(时间、空间、地位等)
take a bank loan 向银行贷款
take a bath 洗澡
take a chance / chances 碰运气,冒险
take a critical attitude towards… 对……持批判态度度
take a few deep breaths 深呼吸
take / have a degree in … 取得……学位
take cold 感冒,受寒
take a hands-on approach to education 通过动手实践的方式来进行接受教育
take … by surprise 对……突然袭击,出乎……意料
take care 小心, 注意
take care of 照顾,照看,当心,注意,谨慎,处理
take care to do 务必做,留心做
take charge of 负责,主管
take effect 生效,奏效
take exercise 运动,活动
take … for example 以……为例
take fire 着火
take / get / catch hold of 握住,抓住
take office就职,上任
take one's place就坐,入坐,代替
take part with 袒护,支持
take sb in the arms 拥抱,搂抱
take sb. by the arm 拉某人的胳膊
take sb seriously 看重某人
take the shape of 呈/取....的形状
take up for 袒护
take up with 致力于,忍受,对...发生兴趣
take / hold / keep sb prisoner 囚禁/俘虏某人
(比较:sb be taken / held / kept prisoner 某人被囚禁/俘虏)
take sth along with sb随身携带某物 take shelter 躲避
take sides with sb in sth 在某事上支持/偏袒某人
take steps / measures / action to do sth.采取措施做某事,采取(……的)行动动take the size of量....的尺寸
take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事
(51)think短语
think about 思考,考虑(是否去做)
think aloud 自言自语
think of 想到,想起,认为,对……有看法/想法
think of ...as...把...看作
think out 仔细考虑,想出
think over 仔细考虑
think through… 思考……直到得出结论,想通
think up 提出,想出,设计出,想通,想起
think twice 再三考虑,仔细考虑
think to oneself 沉思,暗自想想think highly / well of = speak highly of = sing high praise for对……高度评价
(52)tear短语
tear at撕,强拉
tear away 撕掉,扯开,磨损
tear a away from b 从b夺走a
tear down 拆毁,扯下,使瓦解,破坏(名誉)
tear in/to/into pieces 把...撕碎
tear in two ..把...撕成两半
tear off 扯去,扯开
tear out 撕下,拉下
tear up撕掉,撕毁
(53)throw短语
throw about乱丢,乱花(钱)
throw at 把...投向
throw away 抛弃,浪费,拒绝,错失(机会)
throw back 扔回,拒绝,反驳,(光线)反射
throw cold water on sb. 对...泼冷水,使气馁
throw doubt on/upon 对...怀疑
throw down 推翻,拆毁,仍下,拒绝
throw down one's tools 罢工
throw in 插话,(免费)附送
throw into 使...陷入某种状态
throw off 摆脱,匆匆脱掉,设法除去
throw oneself into 投身于,积极从事
throw out 扔出,干扰,否决
throw up呕吐,放弃,举起,批评,匆匆建造
throw up one's arms 举起双手,投降
(54)try短语
try doing/to do 试着做/尽力做
try every means 用各种办法
try for 企图获得,争取,谋求
try on 试穿
try one's best to do sth.尽力
try out 试验,提炼,参加选拔赛
(55)trust短语
enjoy the trust of 得到...的信任
have / put trust in 信任
in trust 受托的,代为保管的
take ...on trust对...不加考察信以为真
trust on 信赖
trust a to b(=trust b with a)把a委托给b
(56)turn短语
give a new turn to 对~~予以新的看法
turn against 转而反对,背叛,采取敌对态度
turn around / round 转身,转过来,改变意见
turn back 折回,往回走
turn … away 赶走……,辞退……,把……打发走,转脸不睬,使转变方向
turn down 关小/调低(音量/热度),拒绝,折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑
turn over 把……翻过来,翻动,犁翻(土地),细想
turn in 交进,上缴,归还
turn on 打开(灯,气,水,电器等),反对;依靠,依赖,取决于
turn off 关掉(灯,气,水,电器等),解雇,避开(问题)
turn into 变成
turn…into… 把……变成……,转变成,走进
turn up 把音量开大,卷起,翻起,发生,出现,到达
turn out 结果是,生产,培养,实际情况是
turn out to be 被证明是, 结果是
turn to… 转向……,(for help)向……求助,查阅, 变成;着手于
【题型剖析】
单项选择
1.(2020·江苏卷)There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.
A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类,仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清;B. justify证明;C. satisfy 满足;D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知,此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。
2. (2020·江苏卷)The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.
A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating for
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s,使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allowing for使……成为可能,促进……的发生;B. accounting for解释;C. calling for需要,要求;呼吁;D. compensating for补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知,125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。
3.(2020·天津卷)I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A.drank a toast to B.played a joke on
C.kept an eye on D.made an apology to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子,因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为……干杯;B. played a joke on开……的玩笑;C. kept an eye on照看,留意,密切注视;D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子,所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境,故选C。
4.(2020·天津卷)We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A.understood B.accepted C.compromised D.declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家,但她拒绝了,说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解;B. accepted接受;C. compromised妥协;D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知,Sharon想自己回家,所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
5.(2020·天津卷)We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A.take up B.carry out C.keep on D.put off
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据;B. carry out实施;C. keep on 继续;D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知,我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以,我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。
6.【2019·江苏卷】A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:城市是人类的双手和思想的产物,反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像;reflecting反映;reviewing回顾;restoring恢复,根据题意,故选B。
7.【2019·天津卷】Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back
C. make out D. keep off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意: 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音,但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储,留出”; take back“收回,拿回”;make out“辨认出,理解,了解”; keep off“(使)避开”。故选C。
8.【2018·天津】It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display B. acquire
C. teach D. test
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示;B. acquire获得;C. teach教;D. test测试。故选B。
9.【2018·天津】At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:起初,罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水,但最终他让步了,因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服,让步;B. dressed up打扮;C. broke in闯入;打断;D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知,最终他让步了。故选A。
10.【2018·江苏】Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on
C. calls off D. calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要;B. calls on号召;C. calls off取消;D. calls up使想起。故选A。
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