【备战2023高考】英语全复习——第04讲《动词和动词短语》测试（全国通用）（解析版）

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第04讲 动词和动词短语 （测）时间 ：45分钟  满分：50分姓名__________    得分________一、单项选择(每题1分，共15分)1．（2021·天津·高考真题）I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some.A．made up for B．run out ofC．kept away from D．got down to【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。2．（2021·天津·高考真题）Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years.A．stayed B．turned C．grown D．got【答案】A【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持；B.turned变成（某种颜色）；C.grown变得；D.got变成。根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。3．（2021·山东·高考真题）We go to a nursing home to ________the old people with excellent service.A．provide B．point C．print D．pretend【答案】A【解析】考查动词。句意：我们去敬老院为老人们提供优质的服务。A.provide 提供；B. point 指；C.print 打印；D.pretend 假装；provide sb. with sth.表示“向某人提供……”，根据句意可知，此处指提供服务。故选A。4．（2021·山东·高考真题）Sam ________his coat as soon as he came into the room.A．took off B．put off C．turned off D．cut off【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：萨姆一进房间就脱下了外套。A.took off脱下；B.put off推迟；C.turned off关掉；D.cut off切断。根据语境及常识可知，进到房间里，应该是脱掉外套。故选A。5．（2021·山东·高考真题）I tried calling my boss several times but I couldn't ________.A．get away B．get off C．get out D．get through【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我给老板打了好几次电话，但都打不通。A. get away离开，逃脱； B. get off下车；C. get out外出，退出； D. get through接通电话。根据前文转折连词but可知，此处需用get through，表示电话打不通。故选D。6．（2011·安徽·高考真题）As the story________, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A．begins B．happens C．ends D．develops【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意："随着故事的发展，这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被发现了。begin“开始；happen“发生”；end“结束”；develop“发展”。由后面题干中的“is slowly discoverd”得出该单词应该是一个延续性的动词，而ABC选项均为非延续性动词。故选D。7．（2011·安徽·高考真题）If you ________ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.A．come across B．care about C．look for D．focus upon【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵，但是你仍想买这辆，就让店员降价。come across 发现，碰到；care about 在乎，关心；look for 寻找；focus upon 集中注意力于。根据句意可知，发现了瑕疵，但仍旧想买这两自行车，可以请店员降价。故正确答案为A项。8．（2021·天津·高考真题）Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选C。9．（2017·天津·高考真题）Before leaving America, she _____ much of her furniture to friends and enjoyed letting them have the piece they had liked.A．picked up B．gave away C．put down D．set aside【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在离开美国之前，她把大部分家具都送给了朋友，并乐意让她们挑选自己喜欢的那件。A.picked up 捡起;B.gave away 赠送;C.put down 放下D.set aside置……于不顾。根据句意，离开美国之前，她把家具“赠送”给朋友。故选B。10．（2017·全国·高考真题）We can't_______buying a new car any longer. The one we've got now just doesn't start in the morning．A．put off B．pick up C．count on D．bear on【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们不能再推迟买新车了。我们现有的这辆今天早晨就打不着火。A.put off推迟；B. pick up捡起；C. count on指望；D. bear on对……施加压力，使难以承受。根据下文The one we've got now just doesn't start in the morning 可知，我们现有的这辆车今天早晨就打不着火，所以不能再“推迟”买新车了。故选A项。11．（2015·江苏·高考真题）The university started some new language programs to _________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.A．apply to B．cater forC．appeal to D．hunt for【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，为国家丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A .apply to向……申请，适用于……；B .cater for迎合，满足……的需要，为……提供服务；C .appeal to对……有吸引力，呼吁；D. hunt for 猎取，寻找。根据句意。故选B项。12．（2014·安徽·高考真题）Terry，please _____ your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you．A．look up from B．look intoC．look back on D．look through【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：特里，当奶奶跟你讲话的时候，请把你的视线从手机上抬起来看着她。A. look up from从……向上看; B. look into调查; C. look back on回顾，回忆; D. look through浏览，温习。根据句意可知，此处用look up from“从……向上看”复合语境，表示对祖母的尊重。故选A。13．（2014·湖北·高考真题）The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.A．developed B．establishedC．observed D．revised【答案】D【解析】考查动词的辨析及语境理解。句意：老的规则需要被修改因为它们只适合一百年前制定时的状况。A项表示“培养，发展”；B项表示“建立”；C项表示“观察”；D项正是“修改”之意，because they only applied to 可知它只适用于以前，不适用于现在，需要修订，故选D。14．（2014·福建·高考真题）As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can ______concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.A．catch sight of B．get hold ofC．take charge of D．make mention of【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一名草根歌手，她阅读能够找到的关于音乐的一切，并且抓住每一个提高自己的机会。A.catch sight of 看见；B. Get hold of找到某物以供使用；C.Take charge of控制；D.make mention of提到。根据takes every opportunity to improve herself.可知，，她阅读能够找到的关于音乐的一切，并且抓住每一个提高自己的机会。故选B。15．（2014·湖北·高考真题）I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to_____.A．get through B．get offC．get in D．get along【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我一晚上都在打电话给Charles，但是网络肯定有问题，所以我不能接通。get through表示“渡过，接通（电话）”之意；get off 表示“动身，脱下”；get in 是“取得”之意；而get along表示“相处”，根据上文“一直打电话”可知，网络有问题接不通点话。故选A。二、句型转换(每题1分，共5分)16．（2016·全国·高一课时练习）It was very late, but they went on working.It was very late, but they ________ ________ working.【答案】kept, on【解析】考查同义句转换。句意：很晚了，但他们继续工作。对比原句可知，转换后的句子空白处应为“继续”含义，短语：keep on“继续”，结合原句中went on可知，原句的时态为一般过去时，所以此处也用一般过去时。故填kept on。17．（2016·全国·高一课时练习）Their carelessness led to the failure.Their carelessness ________ ________ the failure.【答案】resulted, in【解析】考查同义句转换。句意：他们的粗心导致了这次失败。对比原句可知，空处的内容为“导致”含义，短语：result in“导致”，结合原句中led可知，原句的时态为一般过去时，所以转换后的句子时态应保持一致，故填resulted in。18．（2016·全国·高一课时练习）He was discouraged when hearing the bad news.He was________________when hearing the bad news.【答案】cast down【解析】考查动词短语，被动语态。句意：听到这个坏消息，他泄气了。根据原句及所给句子提示可知，此处需要使用动词短语表达原句中“泄气，失望”的意思，根据所给句子中的was可知，此处为被动语态形式，“使泄气，使失望”英语可使用短语“cast down”，被动语态形式为be cast down，故填cast down。19．（2016·全国·高一课时练习）I will not allow you to go out on such a rainy day.I________________you to go out on such a rainy day.【答案】will forbid【解析】考查动词，一般将来时。句意：我不允许你在这样的雨天出去。根据原句及所给句子提示可知，此处需要使用动词表达原句中“不允许”的意思，“不允许”即“禁止”英语可使用“forbid”，根据原句谓语will not allow可知，此处时态为一般将来时，故填will forbid。20．（2021·广东·东莞一中高一阶段练习）If you have further questions, don’t hesitate to ask your teachers for help. If you have further questions, don’t hesitate to_________ _________your teachers.【答案】turn     to【解析】考查动词短语。句意：如果你还有其他问题，请随时向你的老师寻求帮助。与第一句相比第二句缺少“寻求帮助”，turn to sb：向某人（寻求帮助）。故填turn to。三、用单词的适当形式完成句子(每题1分，共10分)21．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）Plastic bags take years and years to break _________, so don’t just throw them out.【答案】down【解析】考查固定短语。句意：塑料袋需要几年的时间才能分解，所以不要把它们扔掉。根据句意，此处应是短语break down，意思为“分解”。故填down。22．（2021·全国·高一专题练习）Let’s ________ (summary) what we have learnt today. 【答案】summarise##summarize【解析】考查动词。句意:让我们总结一下今天我们学习的内容。let's后用动词原形。summary是名词，动词是summarise或summarize。故填summarise/summarize。23．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）He told us he _________ (watch) TV instead of doing his homework then. 【答案】was watching【解析】考查谓语。句意：他告诉我们他当时在看电视而不是在写作业。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查过去进行时的谓语动词，有时间状语“then”表示强调这个动作当时正在发生。主语是“he”，所以be动词用单数形式was。故填was watching。24．（2020·全国·高一专题练习）He was giving his collection ______ for nothing.【答案】away【解析】考查短语。句意：他把收集的东西无偿捐赠了。此处考查短语give away“捐赠”，故填away。24．（2022·浙江·高三专题练习）Some classmates suggest we ________ (go) to places of interest nearby. 【答案】go##should go【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：一些同学建议我们应去附近的名胜古迹。根据句子结构和所给动词，谓语动词suggest做“建议”讲时，后接的宾语从句的谓语通常用“(should＋)动词原形”，should可省略。故填go或should go。26．（2018·全国·高一专题练习）The brave soldiers chose to die ________ than give in to their enemy.【答案】rather   【解析】考查固定句型。句意：勇敢的战士宁愿选择死也不愿向敌人屈服。根据句意，句子使用短语rather than，意为“而不是”，故答案为rather。27．（2021·全国·高一专题练习）The working class is still too small to ________ (able)a successful socialist revolution(革命). 【答案】enable【解析】考查动词。句意：工人阶级仍然太弱小，不能成功地进行社会主义革命。分析句子，该空需要一个动词原形，too...to do ...，所给词able为形容词，其动词enable符合题意。故填enable。28．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）We must________ (strength) the defence works. 【答案】strengthen【解析】考查及物动词。句意：我们必须加强防御工作。情态动词must后跟动词原形，所给词strength是名词，其动词是strengthen，且是及物动词，后面是名词works作宾语。故填strengthen。29．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）I often hear her ________ (sing) in the next room. 【答案】sing【解析】考查动词。句意：我经常听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填不带to的动词不定式作补足语，hear sb do sth表示“听见某人做某事”。故填sing。30．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）Up to now， the terrible accident has caused 2 deaths and 35______ , my friend Jim seriously _________as well. I never believe it would________   so many people. (injure) 【答案】     injuries     injured     injure【解析】考查名词、时态和动词。句意：到目前为止，这场可怕的事故已经造成2人死亡，35人受伤，我的朋友吉姆也受了重伤。我不相信它会伤害这么多人。第一个空，作has caused的宾语，用名词，前面有35修饰，用名词复数，所以第一个空填injuries；描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，在一般过去时中，用动词的过去式，所以第二个空填injured；it would________   so many people.是一个省略了that的宾语从句，第三个空作宾语从句的谓语，情态动词would后，用动词原形，所以第三个空填injure。五、汉译英(每题2分，共20分)31．我们应该为长者提供一个更好的生活。（provide sth. for sb.）【答案】We should provide a better life for the old.【解析】考查情态动词、动词短语、形容词。“应该”表达为情态动词should，后接动词原形；“为……提供……”，按要求表达为provide sth. for sb，作谓语动词；“长者”表达为the old，the后接形容词，表一类人，作介词for的宾语；“一个更好的生活”表达为名词短语a better life，作及物动词provide的宾语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：We should provide a better life for the old.32．我瞄准门，但是最后击中了窗户。（aim at）【答案】I aimed at the door but hit the window finally.【解析】考查时态、动词短语。句子主语是I，陈述过去的动作，应用一般过去时态；“瞄准门”表达为动词短语aim at the door，aim为不及物动词，需加介词at后才能接宾语；“但是”表达为并列连词but，“击中”表达为及物动词hit，其后是宾语the window，副词finally“最后”作状语放在最后。故翻译为：I aimed at the door but hit the window finally.33．我正要放弃时，突然想到一个好主意。（be about to do sth；occur）【答案】I was about to give up when a brilliant idea occurred to me.【解析】考查时态、名词短语和动词短语。陈述过去发生的的动作，句子应用一般过去时态。根据所给英语提示，句型“某人正要……时，突然……”，表达为be about to do sth when...，其中be动词应用过去式；“放弃”表达为动词短语give up；“一个好主意”表达为名词短语a brilliant idea，作从句主语；根据英语提示，“某人想到……”表达为occur to sb，作从句的谓语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：I was about to give up when a brilliant idea occurred to me.34．多花时间陪伴孩子有益于他们的心理健康。（keep. . . company；benefit）【答案】Keeping children company more time will benefit their mental health【解析】考查固定短语、动词、名词词组。根据汉语意思提示，表示“陪伴某人”应用短语Keep sb company，作句子的主语，用其动名词形式；表示“有益其于”为动词benefit；表示“心理健康”应用名词词组mental health。故翻译为Keeping children company more time will benefit their mental health。35．面对实验一次又一次失败，这个科学家并没有气馁，而是不断改进实验，最终取得了突破。(face) 【答案】Facing the failure of experiment after experiment, the scientist didn’t get discouraged; instead, he kept improving his experiment and finally made a breakthrough.【解析】考查非谓语动词，时态和动词短语。分析句意，结合所给单词可知“面对实验一次又一次失败”，face需用非谓语形式，和句子主语科学家之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词做状语，故翻译为Facing the failure of experiment after experiment，句子描述已发生的事，所以应该用一般过去时，主语是“这个科学家”翻译为the scientist，“并没有气馁”为系表结构，翻译为 didn’t get discouraged，“然而”应为转折连词翻译为instead，“而是不断改进实验”为连词后的另起一句，省略了主语他，所以应翻译为 he kept improving his experiment，“最终取得了突破”分析可知与前句并列，所以两句间需加and，本句的谓语动词为动词短语“make a breakthrough”，故翻译为finally made a breakthrough。故整句翻译为Facing the failure of experiment after experiment, the scientist didn’t get discouraged; instead, he kept improving his experiment and finally made a breakthrough.36．怪不得他总让我们想起她。【答案】No wonder that he always reminds us of her.【解析】考查动词、短语。no wonder意为“怪不得”，后可接that从句；remind sb. of意为“使某人想起……”。根据句意可知，句子可使用一般现在时。故可翻译为No wonder that he always reminds us of her.37．应该要求实习生把新想法与他们的以往经历相联系。（relate sth. to sth.）【答案】Trainees should be invited to relate new ideas to their past experiences.【解析】考查被动语态，情态动词，动词短语，名词。根据汉语提示，主语与谓语为被动关系，所以本句为被动语态。“实习生”英语使用“trainee”，“应该”使用情态动词“should”，“被要求”可使用“be invited to do sth.”，“新想法”使用“new ideas”，“以往的经历”使用“past experience”，此处“experience”表示经历为可数名词，因此需要使用复数形式，“将……与……联系”使用“relate sth. do sth.”，根本以上内容连词成句，故翻译为：Trainees should be invited to relate new ideas to their past experiences。38．尽管有网红受邀为这款产品站台，消费者仍需考虑价格、质量等诸多因素。（account）【答案】Though some Internet / web / online celebrities are / have been invited to back up this product, consumers need to take into account quite a few factors such as its price and quality.【解析】考查让步状语从句、时态、动词短语和介词短语。前半句“尽管有网红受邀为这款产品站台”，根据句意，谓语可用一般现在时态或现在完成时态；“尽管”表达为连接词though，引导让步状语从句；“网红”表达为名词短语Internet / web / online celebrities，作状语从句的主语；“被邀请……做……”表达为invite sb to do sth，此处invite与“网红”之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，即are invited或have been invited；“为……站台”即“支持……”，表达为动词短语back up，宾语是“这款产品”this product，可用动词不定式作状语表示目的；前半句翻译为：Though some Internet / web/online celebrities are / have been invited to back up this product。后半句“消费者仍需考虑价格、质量等诸多因素”为主句，主语“消费者”用consumers；“需做……”表达为动词短语need to do sth，为谓语动词，陈述事实用一般现在时；根据要求，“考虑”表达为动词take... into account；宾语“诸多因素”表达为名词短语quite a few factors；“价格、质量等”可表达为短语such as its price and quality，整理语序，故翻译为：Though some Internet / web/online celebrities are / have been invited to back up this product, consumers need to take into account quite a few factors such as its price and quality. 39．虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn)【答案】While modern society, rich in material resources, has given consumers more choice, it turns many of them into crazy shoppers.【解析】考查让步状语从句、短语和名词。表示“尽管，虽然”用连词While，且不需要倒装；表示“现代社会”用 modern society；表示“丰富”用词组be rich in，且省去be做后置定语；表示“物资”用material resources；表示“消费者”用consumers；表示“更多的选择”用more choice；表示“变成”用词组turn…into…，用一般现在时的单三形式；表示“购物狂”用crazy shoppers。故翻译为While modern society, rich in material resources, has given consumers more choice, it turns many of them into crazy shoppers.40．尽管雨下得很大，我们还是按时启程了。(in spite of, set off) 【答案】In spite of the heavy rain, we set off on time.【解析】考查短语和时态。根据汉语提示，表示“尽管”应用in spite of，表示“大雨”应用heavy rain，表示“启程”应用set off，表示“按时”应用on time，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，set的过去式还是set，故翻译为In spite of the heavy rain, we set off on time.