【备战2023高考】英语全复习——第07讲《定语从句》测试（全国通用）

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第07讲 定语从句 （测）时间 ：45分钟  满分：50分姓名__________    得分________一、单项选择(每题1分，共15分)1．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.A．when B．where C．what D．which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。2．（2021·山东·高考真题）I still remember the park ________we met for the first time.A．how B．where C．why D．when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那个公园。句中先行词为the park，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选B。3．（2017·天津·高考真题）I have reached a point in my career ________ I need to decide which way to go.A．that B．where C．which D．why【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在我的职业生涯中，我已经到了我需要决定走哪条路的地步。 分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是a point，表示抽象地点，在从句中作地点状语。故选B。4．（2021·天津·高考真题）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.A．where B．which C．that D．when【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选A。5．（2021·天津·高考真题）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。6．（2017·全国·高考真题）The shipping group, _______profits dived last year by nearly a third, has told shareholders to expect an even lower result for this year．A．whose B．where C．which D．that【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：去年该航运集团的利润锐减近三分之一，该集团已向股东表示，预计今年的业绩将更低。分析句子结构，_______profits dived last year by nearly a third是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The shipping group，关系词在从句中作定语，用whose引导该从句。故选A。7．（2020·江苏·高考真题）Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.A．whose B．which C．when D．whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。8．（2020·天津·高考真题）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。9．（2020·天津·高考真题）Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, ____________he gave it to his grandson.A．which B．when C．where D．who【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the early 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。10．（2012·重庆·高考真题）Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales.A．which B．that C．when D．where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：销售总监是一个沟通能力和销售能力同样重要的职位。分析句子结构，_______ communication ability is just as important as sales.是一个限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a position，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故选D。11．（2018·天津·高考真题）There was a long wait at the reception desk, ______ everyone was checking in.A．why B．which C．whom D．where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：接待处前排起了常常的队伍，每个人都在登记。分析句子的可知，the reception desk为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故选D项。12．（2013·湖南·高考真题）Happiness and success often come to those_______are good at recognizing their own strengths.A．whom B．what C．which D．who【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：幸福和成功往往属于那些善于发现自己长处的人。此处是定语从句，who指代先行词those（那些人），在从句中做主语，whom不能做主语，which指物，what不能引导定语从句。故选D。13．（2019·江苏·高考真题）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.A．which B．what C．when D．that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。14．（2019·天津·高考真题）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A．why B．whereC．which D．what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。15．（2019·天津·高考真题）The course normally attracts about 100 students per year,      up to half will be from abroad.A．who B．of whichC．when D．of whom【答案】D【解析】考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句。句意：该课程通常每年吸引约100名学生，其中多达一半来自国外。先行词是100 students，是人，排除B/C；代入定语从句________up to half will be from abroad应是up to half of the 20 students will be from abroad.故选D。二、用适当的词填空(每题1分，共25分)16．（2022年全国甲卷）On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.（）【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在这1100公里的旅程中，这位在8岁时因车祸而失明的男子曹胜康穿越了三个省的40个城市和县城。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。17．  (2022年新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并大大改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为species，且先行词被all修饰，从句缺少主语，只能用关系代词that。故填that。18．（2015新课标I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.【答案】that##which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我领略过了附近的桂林，这是游客们寻找石灰岩山顶和漓江黑水的梦幻之地，艺术家们在许多中国画中描绘了漓江。分析可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为Li River，指物，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故用that/which。19．（2022·山东·模拟预测）The taoray taoray Spring Summer 2020 was shown for the first time on the world stage of New York Fashion Week ________ tradition met modernity. 【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：taoray taoray 2020春夏季时装展首次登上传统与现代相结合的纽约时装周世界舞台。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 world stage，并在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。20．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）The reason ________ he failed is that he relied on others too much. 【答案】why##for which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他失败的原因是他太依赖于别人。分析句子结构可知，“________ he failed”为定语从句，修饰先行词reason，当先行词为reason时，从句中不缺少主语或宾语，关系词用why或者for which。故填why或for which。21．（2022·陕西榆林·三模） In China, chopsticks are called kuaizi,________is a word made up of characters meaning quick and “bamboo”. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国，“chopsticks”被叫作“筷子”，它是由“快”和“竹”两个汉字组成的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是kuaizi，指物，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。22．（2022·山东枣庄·二模）He later set up China’s first draft bank, Rishengchang, ________ later had 35 branches across the country. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：后来，他建立了中国第一家汇票银行——日升昌银行，该银行后来在全国拥有35家分行。分析句子结合句意可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是Rishengchang，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which代替先行词引导从句，作从句的主语。故填which。23．（2020·江西·上饶二模）New research shows that the average cost of raising a child to the age of 18 in China in 2019 was 485,000 yuan for a first child,________ is far more than that in the United States and Japan. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：一项新的研究表明，2019年在中国抚养第一个孩子到18岁的平均费用为48.5万元人民币，远远高于美国和日本。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是485,000 yuan，指物，在从句中做主语，因而用关系代词which。故填which。24．（2022·内蒙古·集宁三模）Short space trips will develop first, then the space hotels will go around the earth ________it will be possible to have a longer vacation. 【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：短途太空旅游将优先发展，然后太空旅馆将围绕地球，在那里较长的度假是可能的。分析句子结构可知，空处为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the earth，且先行词 the earth在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。25．（2022·宁夏石嘴山·一模）Chen showed that knowing how to perform CPR can be beneficial. According to medical experts, there is a “golden period”, the first four minutes of a heart attack, ________CPR is most effective in saving the person’s life. 【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：Chen表明，知道如何进行CPR是有益的。根据医学专家的说法，有一个“黄金时期”，即心脏病发作的前四分钟，在这段时间内，心肺复苏术是挽救生命最有效的方法。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the first four minutes of a heart attack，先行词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导。故填when。26．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Life is like an onion, ________ sometimes makes you weep when you try opening it. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：生活就像一个洋葱，当你尝试着剥开它时，它有时候会让你流泪。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为an onion，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。27．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Our grandma, ________ we called “Nanny”, would always bake bread a day ahead. 【答案】whom##who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们的奶奶，我们叫她“祖母”，总是提前一天烤面包。空格后的句子用来修饰先行词Our grandma，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词Our grandma指代人，引导词在从句中作动词called的宾语。故填whom或who。28．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）There are many good websites ________ you can check out the latest news in the science world. 【答案】where##on which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：有很多好的网站可以让你了解科学世界的最新消息。先行词为websites，将先行词代入定语从句后为you can check out the latest news in the science world on the websites。由此可知引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，也可用介词加which，在网站上，用介词on。故填where或on which。29．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）He was also the one ________ founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Pao in 1959. 【答案】who ## that【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：此外，他是那个在1959年创办了香港日报《明报》的人。本题考查限制性定语从句，先行词为the one，在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。30．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）For instance, in Lima, the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, about 70 percent of ________ were set up by local doctors. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：比如，在秘鲁首都利马，有超过50家中医诊所，其中大约70%是由当地医生创办的。根据句式和句意可知，本句是非限制性定语从句。先行词为more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics，指物。关系词需位于介词of之后，且在定语从句中作宾语，故填which。31．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Written Chinese has also become an important means by ________ China’s present is connected with its past. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：书面汉语也成了一种重要的手段，通过它，中国的现在与过去被连接了起来。分析句子结构可知，空格处是“介词by+which/whom”引导的定语从句，先行词means是物，因此空格处用which，故填which。32．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）In 2006, its average weekly circulation was reported to be 1.5 million copies, half of ________ were sold in the United States. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，2006年，它每周平均发行150万份，其中一半在美国销售。在非限制性定语从句中缺少介词of的宾语，且先行词为“1.5 million copies”，指物，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。33．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）In mid-September, ________ their seedless white grapes ripen, local farmers are busy picking grapes to be transported to other parts of the country. 【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：9月中旬，当他们的无核白葡萄成熟时，当地农民正忙着采摘葡萄，然后运往全国各地。分析句子结构可知，“their seedless white grapes ripen”是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词mid-September是时间，从句中作时间状语，因此空格处用关系副词when，故填when。34．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. 【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新的经历与旧的记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，修饰先行词everything，是不定代词，关系代词只用that不用which，故填that。35．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia   Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _________are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.【答案】who##that【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚理工学院的教授金·科布是因气候变化而减少航空旅行的少数学者之一，这一群体人数不多，但正在不断增加。根据句子结构可知，设空处缺少引导限制性定语从句的关系代词，先行词是academics (大学教师)，在定语从句中作主语，故填who或者that。故填who／that 。36．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）She discovered Artemisinin（青蒿素）, a drug _________ has significantly reduced the death rates for patients suffering from malaria. “Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the traditional Chinese medicine. 【答案】which##that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她发现了青蒿素，这是一种能显著降低疟疾患者死亡率的药物。分析句子可知，“ ______ has significantly reduced the death rates for patients suffering from malaria”为定语从句，修饰先行词 “a drug”，同时先行词在定语从句中作主语。故填which/that。37．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Louis Cha (Chinese: Cha Leung Yung; 10 March 1924 - 30 October 2018), better known by his pen name Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and essayist, _______ co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and served as the first editor-in-chief.【答案】who【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：刘易斯·查（中文：查良镛；1924年3月10日至2018年10月30日），笔名金庸，是中国武侠小说家和散文家，1959年与人共同创办了香港日报《明报》，并担任首任主编。根据句子结构关系可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Louis Cha ，指人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用who。故填who。38．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Less snow cover in the mountains is important in the West and Alaska, _________ will greatly reduce the chances of disasters caused by too much snow. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在西部和阿拉斯加，山区积雪较少是很重要的，这将大大减少因积雪过多而造成灾害的机会。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。39．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Sanxingdui (三星堆) is believed to have sat at the heart of the Shu state, _________ historians know little about because of the lack of written records. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：三星堆被认为位于蜀国的心脏地带，由于缺乏文字记载，历史学家对它知之甚少。此处the Shu state是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。40．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Stacey Abrams, ________ served in the House of Representatives in Georgia from 2007 to 2017, is a politician, lawyer and voting rights activist. 【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Stacey Abrams从2007年到2017年担任佐治亚州众议院议员，是一名政治家、律师和投票权活动人士。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Stacey Abrams，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导。故填who。三、单句改错(每题1分，共10分)41．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.【答案】that→ which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：业余时间，他们喜欢在自家屋顶的菜园里种菜。非限制性定语从句需要用which引导，修饰先行词garden，从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将that改为which。 42．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）I have a pet cat, which name is Lucky. She has white hair and two big eyes.【答案】which→whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我有一只宠物猫，名字叫Lucky。她有白色的头发和两只大眼睛。定语从句修饰先行词cat，在从句中作名词name的定语，故将which改为whose。43．（2022年全国乙卷短文改错）They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.【答案】what → which【解析】考查限制性非定语从句关系代词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。结合句意，分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为“They often run at high speeds”，在从句中做主语，用which 引导。故将what改为which。44．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.【答案】what→that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在咖啡馆里，顾客将在为他们创造的历史环境中玩得高兴。定语从句修饰先行词environment，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故what改为that/which。45．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】where→when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当我还在上小学的时候，有一天下午，我经过学校的操场。定语从句修饰先行词one afternoon，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，故关系副词when。故将where改为when。46．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.【答案】which→in which/where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。我爷爷说去年夏天他们卖鱼赚了不少钱。定语修饰先行词a small pond，在从句中作地点状语，应用in which或where。故which改为in which/where。47．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.【答案】what → which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，这真的让我很开心。本句是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词是 your letter，关系代词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故将what改为which。48．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.【答案】what → that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我明白妈妈的好意，带着感激吃光了妈妈提供的所有食物。本句为限定性定语从句。先行词为 the food，不定代词all 作其定语，关系词在限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词 that引导。故将what改为 that。49．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）I had a concert ticket for a show that I couldn’t attend it.【答案】将attend后的it去掉【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我有一张演出的票，我不能去看。在定语从句中that已经指代了show，所以不需要用it。故将it去掉。50．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）“Look, here’s another snowman,” shouted Maomao, joyfully clapping his hands. It was our grandpa who grey hair was blowing in the wind.【答案】who→whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“看，这又是一个雪人，”毛毛叫道，高兴地拍着手。白发在风中飘荡的是我们的爷爷。定语从句修饰先行词grandpa，在从句中作定语，应用whose引导。故将who改为whose。