【备战2023高考】英语全复习——第15讲《阅读理解七选五》练习（全国通用）

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第15讲 阅读理解七选五 （练）AWhy Do We Find It Hard to Say “No”?As we all know, saying “no” to others is not easy at all. But sometimes we have to learn to say “no”. ____1____ Below are common reasons why people find it hard to say “no”:● _____2_____ You are a kind soul at heart. You don’t want to turn the person away and you want to help when possible, even if it may eat into your time.●Afraid of being rude. I was brought up under the idea that saying “no”, especially to people who are older, is rude. This thinking is common in Asian culture, where face saving is important. _____3_____●Wanting to be agreeable. You don’t want to alienate (疏远) yourself from the group because you’re not in agreement. So you agree to others’ requests.●Fear of conflict. _____4_____ This might lead to an ugly confrontation (面对). Even if there isn’t, there might be disagreement which might lead to bad effects in the future.● _____5_____ Perhaps you are worried saying “no” means closing doors. For example, one of my friends’ wives was asked to work in another department in her company. Since she liked her team, she didn’t want to go. However, she didn’t want to say “no” as she felt it would affect her promotion chances in the future.A．Wanting to help others.B．Fear of losing chances.C．Wanting to keep a good relationship.D．I slowly realized I needed to learn to say “no”.E．You are afraid the person might be angry if you refuse him/her.F．It means not making others look bad or lose face.G．To learn to say “no”, we have to first understand what’s stopping us from it.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们说“不”很困难的几点原因。1．G【解析】根据上文“As we all know, saying ‘no’ to others is not easy at all. But sometimes we have to learn to say ‘no’.(我们都知道，对别人说‘不’并不容易。但有时我们必须学会说‘不’)”以及后文“Below are common reasons why people find it hard to say “no”(以下是人们很难说‘不’的常见原因)”可知，本句是在提出为什么说“不”很困难的问题，后文开始解释原因。故G选项“要学会说‘不’，我们首先要明白是什么阻止了我们这么做”符合语境，故选G。2．A【解析】根据后文“You are a kind soul at heart. You don’t want to turn the person away and you want to help when possible, even if it may eat into your time.(你是一个心地善良的人。你不想拒绝这个人，你想在可能的时候帮助他，即使这会占用你的时间)”可知，本段说明的原因是因为想要帮助别人，而无法拒绝别人。故A选项“想要帮助别人”符合语境，故选A。3．F【解析】根据上文“●Afraid of being rude. I was brought up under the idea that saying ‘no’, especially to people who are older, is rude. This thinking is common in Asian culture, where face saving is important.( ●害怕没礼貌。我从小就认为说‘不’，尤其是对年长的人说‘不’是不礼貌的。这种想法在亚洲文化中很常见，在亚洲，面子是很重要的)”可知，上文提到亚洲人要面子，本句进行解释说明：不要让别人难堪或丢脸。故F选项“意思是不要让别人难堪或丢脸”符合语境，故选F。4．E【解析】根据后文“This might lead to an ugly confrontation. Even if there isn’t, there might be disagreement which might lead to bad effects in the future.(这可能会导致一场丑陋的对抗。即使没有，也可能会有分歧，这可能会导致在未来不好的影响)”可知，本句是在说明拒绝别人可能会让别人生气，从而导致冲突和分歧，故E选项“你害怕如果你拒绝他/她，他/她可能会生气”符合语境，故选E。5．B【解析】根据后文“Perhaps you are worried saying ‘no’ means closing doors. For example, one of my friends’ wives was asked to work in another department in her company. Since she liked her team, she didn’t want to go. However, she didn’t want to say “no” as she felt it would affect her promotion chances in the future.(也许你担心说‘不’意味着关上大门。例如，我一个朋友的妻子被要求在她公司的另一个部门工作。因为她喜欢她的团队，所以她不想去。然而，她不想说‘不’，因为她觉得这会影响她未来的晋升机会)”可知，后文的例子表明说不的原因是因为害怕失去机会，故B选项“害怕失去机会”符合语境，故选B。BHow Not to Be AwkwardNot all of us are outgoing and ready to take the world by storm. Many among us are shy and may even feel kept apart from others. This usually happens when a person is still in his or her teen years and going through the socialization process. ____6____ Let’s try to find answers to the questions.Stay in shape and dress up wellSometimes, awkwardness could be due to being overweight. When you are large in size, you tend to get very self-conscious So, in order to avoid this, get into the habit of exercising every day ____7____ If you look as if you have just stepped out of a 1980’s film when actually it is 2011, there is no doubt that you are bound to feel awkward about yourself.Be optimisticAnother effective tip on how not to feel awkward is to always keep a smile on your face. ____8____ On the other hand, a smiling, happy and positive think person is appreciated by everybody So, smile when you meet acquaintances or even strangers, say a cheerful “Hi” and automatically some of your awkwardness will disappear completely!____9____This one really helps. Awkwardness generally develops when a person remains isolated from others. So, in order to change this situation, join groups For instance, if you are a reading lover, join a book club. Joining people in book reading sessions as well as debates will help remove your awkwardness. Choose any activity of your choice, such as playing team sports or joining a dance class, and soon you will find your comfort level around people increasing day by day!Develop your personalityBeing a book-worm or an Internet addict will not get you anywhere. For self-improvement, take up a hobby that adds meaning to your life. Learn singing or try adventure sports. ____10____A．Participate in Team Activities.B．Learn how to end a conversation.C．Secondly, have appropriate clothes on.D．If you look sad, nobody will actually like being with you.E．Something as simple as listening to music will do wonders too.F．So, what can a person do to overcome this tendency to be awkward?G．Awkwardness could be because you do not have anything in common to talk about.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要向我们描述了怎样使自己不笨拙不尴尬，并提出了几点建议，如保持体形注意穿着、乐观、参加团体活动、发展个性等。6．F【解析】标题“How Not to Be Awkward”（如何不尴尬）和文章第一段“Many among us are shy and may even feel kept apart from others.”（我们当中的许多人都很害羞，甚至可能感到与他人隔绝。）可知很多人会害羞的心理，这个是引起标题所说的尴尬的原因。下文说到“Let’s try to find answers to the questions.”（让我们试着找到问题的答案）标题和上文提到很多人有害羞的心理，会引起尴尬，下文引出解决问题的方法，可推知空处讲述的是如何克服这种尴尬的倾向。故选F项。7．C【解析】根据本段标题“Stay in shape and dress up well”（保持身材，好好打扮）可知需要保持体形，并穿着打扮好。根据下文“If you look as if you have just stepped out of a 1980’s film when actually it is2011, there is no doubt that you are bound to feel awkward about yourself.”(如果你看起来像是刚从1980年代的电影中走出来，而实际上是2011年，那么毫无疑问，你一定会对自己感到尴尬。)可知下文在谈不符合年代的穿着是多么尴尬。可推知，空处讲的是要穿合适的衣服，承上启下。故选C项。8．D【解析】根据标题“Be optimistic”（要乐观）可知本段中心思想就是要求我们要有乐观的心态。本段最后一句是“a smiling，happy and positive think person is appreciated by everybody.”（一个面带微笑，开心并积极思考的人会受到每个人的喜欢）可推知如果总是不开心，不乐观面对一切，没有人会喜欢你。选D项。9．A【解析】根据第四段“This one really helps. Awkwardness generally develops when a person remains isolated from others. So, in order to change this situation, join groups For instance, if you are a reading lover, join a book club. Joining people in book reading sessions as well as debates will help remove your awkwardness. Choose any activity of your choice, such as playing team sports or joining a dance class, and soon you will find your comfort level around people increasing day by day!”（这个真的很有帮助。当一个人与他人保持孤立时，通常会产生尴尬。所以，为了改变这种情况，加入团体例如，如果你是一个阅读爱好者，加入一个读书俱乐部。 与人们一起参加读书会和辩论会有助于消除你的尴尬。选择您选择的任何活动，例如参加团队运动或参加舞蹈课，很快您就会发现自己与人相处的舒适度与日俱增！）可知本段主要呼吁人们要参加团队活动。故选A项。10．E【解析】根据本段第二句“For self-improvement，take up a hobby that adds meaning to your life.”（为了自我提升，培养一个为你的生活增添意义的爱好）可知为了提高自己，要开始一个爱好，这个爱好可以给你的生活带来很大的意义。空处前面内容“Learn singing or try adventure sports”（学习唱歌或尝试冒险运动）与 E选项表达“有时候简单如听音乐这样的事情也会带来奇迹”属于并列的同类型的例子。故选E项。CMore and more people are turning to a plant-based lifestyle. ___11___ . It has been shown to help improve overall health, prevent diseases, and increase well-being and happiness. Here are two tips on how to gradually move into plant-based living. Ease Yourself Into It___12___ . This isn’t necessary and it’s too hard—it’s because they’re not giving their body time to ease into it. If you’ve been eating meat daily (or almost daily) for most of your life, then your body’s going to be a bit confused when it’s suddenly not getting its regular fix of meat. The best way is to gradually reduce meat from your diet. If you eat meat 3 meals a day, drop it down to 2 meals for a couple of weeks. ___13___ . After that, you can alternate (交替) between “meat days” and “non-meat days”, until you’re comfortable going long stretches without eating meat. Make Sure You’re Getting Your Nutrients (营养)If you’re going to be plant-based, you have to do much work. That means figuring out how to develop meal plans that allow you to get your daily doses of proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. You can’t just switch to eating green salads for 3 meals a day and expect to feel good, because you won’t. You’ll need to start eating a varied diet. Whole grains, like beans and legumes, as well as soy foods, can help you get your daily requirements for protein. ___14___ That’s really all you need to know: make sure that you’re taking it easy and giving your body time to adapt, and make sure that you’re getting necessary nutrients. ___15___ , you’ll be able to enjoy plant-based living in no time.A．Once you have a clear ideaB．As long as you’re doing these two thingsC．These two nutrients are difficult to get from plantsD．Next, bring it down to a meal a day for a few weeksE．Healthy fats can come from things like olive oil and peanutsF．The benefits of a plant-based lifestyle are seemingly endlessG．A lot of people fail because they move straight up into a plant-based lifestyle【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的人开始转向以植物为基础的生活方式。短文介绍了关于如何逐步进入以植物为基础的生活方式的两个建议。11．F【解析】根据下文“It has been shown to help improve overall health, prevent diseases, and increase well-being and happiness.”（它已被证明有助于改善整体健康，预防疾病，增加福祉和幸福。）可知，选项承接下文说明以植物为基础的生活方式的好处有很多。故F选项“以植物为基础的生活方式的好处似乎无穷无尽”切题。故选F项。12．G【解析】根据标题“Ease Yourself Into It”（慢慢地融入其中）和下文“This isn’t necessary and it’s too hard—it’s because they’re not giving their body time to ease into it.”（这是没有必要的，而且太难了——这是因为他们没有给自己的身体时间来适应。）可知，要慢慢地融入以植物为基础的生活方式，下文在解释上文人们未能进入以植物为基础的生活方式的原因。故G选项“很多人失败是因为他们直接进入了以植物为基础的生活方式”切题。故选G项。13．D【解析】根据上文“If you eat meat 3 meals a day, drop it down to 2 meals for a couple of weeks.”（如果你一天吃三顿饭，在接下来的几个星期里减少到两顿。）可知，选项承接上文，说明饭顿数的减少情况。故D选项“接下来，把它减少到每天一顿饭，持续几个星期”切题。故选D项。14．E【解析】根据上文“Whole grains, like beans and legumes, as well as soy foods, can help you get your daily requirements for protein.”（全谷物，如豆类和豆科作物，以及大豆食品，可以帮助你获得每日所需的蛋白质。）可知，选项与上文的“蛋白质的来源”为并列关系，说明健康脂肪的来源。故E选项“健康的脂肪可以来自橄榄油和花生”切题。故选E项。15．B【解析】根据上文“That’s really all you need to know: make sure that you’re taking it easy and giving your body time to adapt, and make sure that you’re getting necessary nutrients.”（这就是你需要知道的全部：确保你放松，给你的身体时间适应，并确保你获得必要的营养）以及下文“you’ll be able to enjoy plant-based living in no time”（你很快就能享受以植物为基础的生活方式）可知，选项承上启下，说明只有做了这两件事，才到享受以植物为基础的生活方式。与下文为条件关系。故B选项“只要你做了这两件事”切题。故选B项。DWe’re lucky to live in an age when the sum total of human knowledge is pretty available at the click of a button. We’ve never had access to so much information. ____16____. So here are a few strategies to sharped your critical thinking.Beware of confirmation prejudice. ____17____. In repeated experiments, psychologists have shown we’re much more likely to accept something as evidence if it confirms what we already think we know. And we’re much more likely to discount information if it contradicts our views, which will affect our ability to process information.Acknowledge small difference. In life, most situations are different and complicated. Acknowledge that can enrich the way that we view the world. For example, what colour is the sky? Well, the obvious answer is blue. But at sunrise or sunset, it can be red. On a cold misty morning, white or grey. ____18____.Practise intellectual humility (谦逊). One approach to, well, arguing, is to let go of the idea of being “right”. Or at least seriously consider that you might actually be wrong. ____19____. Really try to understand where the other person is coming from. Arguing is just to waste somebody’s time.____20____. It’s more important than ever to know where your information is coming from.Engaging in critical thinking isn’t as fun as picking up a pitchfork, or feeling like you’re fundamentally right. But in the long run, it leads to a more curious, educated and harmonious society. which is the biggest win of all.A．Avoid mistakesB．Check your sourcesC．We all enjoy feeling like we’re rightD．So pay attention to differences in many situationsE．But not all of what’s out there is quite what it seemsF．So don’t rush to decide, and be actively prepared to change your mindG．Putting yourself in the other person’s shoes can lead to much more productive outcomes【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了增强批判性思维的几个策略。16．E【解析】上文“We’re lucky to live in an age when the sum total of human know ledge is pretty available at the click of a button.(我们很幸运地生活在一个只需点击一个按钮就可以获得人类知识总量的时代)”说明我们生活在一个信息量大而且信息获取非常容易的社会，以及下文“So here are a few strategies to sharped your critical thinking.(因此，这里有一些策略可以提高你的批判性思维)”说明要采取策略提高批判性思维，E项“但并不是所有东西都和表面看起来一样”与上文构成转折关系，承接下文，符合题意。故选E。17．C【解析】上文“Beware of confirmation prejudice.(谨防确认偏见)”说明要防止偏见，以及下文“In repeated experiments, psychologists have shown we’re much more likely to accept something as evidence if it confirms what we already think we know.(在重复的实验中，心理学家表明，如果某件事证实了我们已经知道的东西，我们就更有可能接受它作为证据)”说明对于已经知道的东西，我们就更可能接受它是对的，C项“我们都喜欢感觉自己是对的”引出下文，符合题意。故选C。18．D【解析】上文“Acknowledge small difference. In life, most situations are different and complicated. Acknowledge that can enrich the way that we view the world. (承认微小差异。在生活中，大多数情况都是不同和复杂的。承认这些可以丰富我们看待世界的方式)”说明要承认差异，D项中differences是关键词，D项“因此，请注意许多情况下的差异”承接上文，符合题意。故选D。19．G【解析】下文“Really try to understand where the other person is coming from.(真正试着去理解其他人的想法)”说明要站在其他人的角度思考问题，G项中Putting yourself in the other person’s shoes表示“设身处地为他人着想”，G项“设身处地为他人着想可以带来更富有成效的结果”引出下文，符合题意。故选G。20．B【解析】下文“It’s more important than ever to know where your information is coming from.(知道你的信息来自哪里比以往任何时候都重要。)”说明知道信息的来源是很重要的，B项“核实你的信息来源”引出下文，符合题意。故选B。EEver wonder why you get along better with some people over others? Or who might become your lifelong friends or romantic partners? ____21____.The sunny personEver heard of the saying that you are a mix of your five closest friends? When you surround yourself with sweet and caring people, you also catch their positive energy.____22____. Just as research shows, positive thinking can increase your lifespan, strengthen your immune system and reduce your risk of developing heart diseases.The adventure seekerWhat’s life without a little adventure? ____23____; together you can start journeys that change your life forever. Not only does being adventurous reduce your levels of anxiety and depression, but it can also make you more intelligent. In addition, the new cultures, environments and experiences can cause your brains to think differently.The natural psychologistWhen you’re having a bad day, it’s good to have someone who understands you. Good listeners make the best friends because they have high emotional intelligence, read you well and provide authenticity（真诚）. Often these natural psychologists would like to ask you some questions that help you think about your problems. ____24____.____25____When you surround yourself with people who value logic and problem-solving, they can encourage you to use critical thinking instead of just trapping yourself in conflicts. If you’re especially the type of person to depend on others to make you feel better, being around logicians can help you become more independent and practical. They will remind you that working through challenges is more rewarding than passively daydreaming.A．The enthusiastic logicianB．The man of actionC．Instead of telling you what to do, they would rather guide you to potential solutionsD．Befriend someone who is ready to step out of his comfort zone and travel aroundE．People who are positive and optimistic can actually benefit your healthF．Anyhow at least here are four types of people worth keeping in your lifeG．Just like rare precious stones, good partners can be hard to find【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人生值得交的4种朋友。21．F【解析】上文“Ever wonder why you get along better with some people over others? Or who might become your lifelong friends or romantic partners?(有没有想过为什么你和一些人相处得更好？或者谁会成为你一生的朋友或恋人？)”提出问题：谁会成为你一生的朋友或恋人。该句有承上启下的功能。F项“Anyhow at least here are four types of people worth keeping in your life(无论如何，至少有四种类型的人值得留在你的生活中)”由Anyhow承接上文并引入文章即将要叙述的主题 “...here are four types of people” ，同时该句具有过渡句的功能，引起下文。故选F。22．E【解析】根据后一句 “Just as research shows, positive thinking can increase your lifespan, strengthen your immune system and reduce your risk of developing heart diseases.(正如研究表明的那样，积极的思考可以延长你的寿命，增强你的免疫系统，降低你患心脏病的风险。)” 可知，积极的思想可以延长寿命，增强免疫系统，降低患心脏病的风险。该句是E选项“People who are positive and optimistic can actually benefit your health(积极乐观的人其实对你的健康有益)”的支持论点。故选E。23．D【解析】前文“What’s life without a little adventure?(没有一点冒险的生活算什么？)”中的 adventure与D选项“Befriend someone who is ready to step out of his comfort zone and travel around(和那些准备走出舒适区四处旅行的人做朋友)”中的 “step out of his comfort zone”对应，后文“together you can start journeys that change your life forever(你们可以一起开启改变人生的旅程)”中的“together you can start journeys”与选项中“befriend someone...travel around”对应。故选D。24．C 【解析】前文“Often these natural psychologists would like to ask you some questions that help you think about your problems.(通常这些自然心理学家会问你一些问题，帮助你思考你的问题。)”讲到通常这些自然心理学家会问你一些问题，帮助你思考你的问题，C选项“Instead of telling you what to do, they would rather guide you to potential solutions(他们不会告诉你该做什么，而是会引导你找到潜在的解决方案。)”与前句构成逻辑上的承接关系，并解释前句中“some questions that help you think about your problems”的作用和意义。故选C项。25．A【解析】根据第一句“When you surround yourself with people who value logic and problem-solving, they can encourage you to use critical thinking instead of just trapping yourself in conflicts.(当你周围的人都重视逻辑和解决问题，他们可以鼓励你使用批判性思维，而不是让自己陷入冲突。)” 和第二句的“If you’re especially the type of person to depend on others to make you feel better, being around logicians can help you become more independent and practical.(如果你是那种特别依赖别人来让自己感觉更好的人，和逻辑学家在一起可以帮助你变得更独立和实际。)”可知，这样的朋友应为the enthusiastic logician (狂热的逻辑思维者)。所以A选项“狂热的逻辑思维者”为本段的标题。故选A。