【备战2023高考】英语全复习——第17讲《完形填空夹叙夹议文（20空）》讲义（全国通用）

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第17讲 完形填空夹叙夹议文（20空）（讲）【考纲考情】夹叙夹议文是近年来高考完形填空常见的一种体裁，这类体裁的文章一般具有哲理性，往往从一件看似平淡的小事中领悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味，可读性较强。在语言方面，这类体裁的文章既有记叙文的特点，同时又具有议论文的特点。在结构上，该文体采用“先叙后议”“先议后叙”或“叙议交替”的写作模式，旨在记叙的基础上，通过议论的手段，说明作者的态度、观点、思想和目的。选材上会源于真实生活，平淡叙述中流露人间真情，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养。在词性上仍会以实词为主，其中动词会占半壁江山，虚词几乎不会考查，并且完形填空题注重对文章语境的理解。难易上，句内层次题（答案由设空所在句子决定，多凭语感可知答案）和句组层次题（答案由设空临近句子决定，需前后寻找信息或暗示）较容易且所占比重较大，语篇层次题（答案由整篇文章的内涵决定，需统揽全局）考查较少但难度较大。【考点梳理】针对高考夹叙夹议性的完形填空题，解答技巧如下：1．分析结构，抓住作者观点。在做题时要借助文章结构，认真体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的思路。2．重视首句，把握文章主题。首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作目的，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。3．叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵。夹叙夹议中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。4．抓住转换，理清逻辑关系。抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。解答完形填空题需具备“题文齐读”的技能，也即是一边读文，一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。这项技能要求较高，运用此法要保证注意力高度集中，要具备较强的聚合思维。在平时的训练中要多尝试应用才能默化成规，内化于心。通常，在具体的解题中，需掌握以下解题方法：1．利用平行结构解题平行结构是指结构相同或相似、意思密切相连、语气一致的句子或词组组成一串排列的语言现象(如由and, or等连接的短语或句子)。此种结构形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密，利用它可以提高解题效率。(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)“People have been   53   there and standing there and taking 54.pictures of each other，” Ro says. “The town square was totally 55.full ...”A．driving   B．hidingC．camping   D．sitting【答案】D　【解析】and用于连接平行结构，与设空后standing对应的应该是sitting。故选：D。2．利用语境暗示解题上下文或语境具体体现为：全文的中心和主题、作者的态度和评价、上下文的语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。无论是句内层次题还是句组层次题，我们常可通过上下文或语境暗示，推导出正确答案。(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences. I have a very strong   51.fear that the lie we're telling is doing   52   damage to our children.A．physical   B．biological C．spiritual   D．behavioral【答案】C【解析】本题可以利用语境暗示解题。根据语境可知，此处指“我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵的(spiritual)伤害”。故选：C。3．利用情感态度解题在做完形填空时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的基础上，留意能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的词汇。因为这些词汇通常为我们做题的重要参考线索，可帮助我们快速确定某些题目的答案。(2021·天津高考3月)For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got  16   when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 17.emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18.instead.A．amazed   B．madC．curious   D．frightened【答案】B　【解析】句意：Robbie Pruitt(罗比·普鲁伊特)承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。  amazed “惊讶的”；mad “生气的”；curious “好奇的”；frightened “害怕的”。根据下文“letting go of his anger”可知，发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选：B。4．利用生活常识或文化背景解题完形填空中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗人情等方面的知识，做题时利用这些知识，特别是注意中西方文化差异，巧妙地加以运用将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间。(2020·天津高考)Jones was   21   when she said that she didn't actually 22.mind  being cheated.A．ashamed       B．shocked   C．excited      D．amused【答案】B　【解析】ashamed “羞愧的”；shocked “震惊的”；excited “兴奋的”；amused “逗乐的；觉得好笑的”。根据常识可知，一个人被骗了很多钱，她一定会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以Jones(琼斯)很震惊。故选：B。【题型剖析】A（2021·全国·高考真题）Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a ___1___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different ___2___ of gratitude(感谢). My thoughts were soon ___3___. We had a woman patient who was ___4___ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while ___5___ to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was ___6___ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___7___the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though ___8___, and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks.  She was ___9___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her _____10_____ at her recovery. As she was _____11_____ she was eager to say _____12_____ to each of us in the nursing team. When she _____13_____ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague _____14_____ to accept it, saying that we were all just _____15_____ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then _____16_____:“Oh this isn't for the_____17_____ I had. I take that as a _____18_____. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”       And there you have it. To many people,_____19_____lives is part of the job but styling hair is an _____20_____ and should be rewarded.1．A．cleaner B．chemist C．nurse D．doctor2．A．grades B．meanings C．needs D．expectations3．A．brushed aside B．put to the test C．brought under discussion D．taken into account4．A．departing B．escaping C．retiring D．recovering5．A．attempting B．choosing C．pausing D．promising6．A．eventually B．fortunately C．casually D．secretly7．A．assessing B．requiring C．forming D．proving8．A．slightly B．accidentally C．slowly D．happily9．A．grateful B．thoughtful C．sorrowful D．fearful10．A．surprise B．delight C．curiosity D．disappointment11．A．operating B．thinking C．hesitating D．leaving12．A．sorry B．hello C．goodbye D．yes13．A．reached B．consulted C．introduced D．persuaded14．A．wished B．pretended C．failed D．refused15．A．enjoying B．doing C．securing D．starting16．A．repeated B．recited C．replied D．reported17．A．courage B．patience C．duty D．care18．A．goal B．given C．push D．greeting19．A．risking B．changing C．saving D．building20．A．honour B．ability C．opening D．extraB（2021·天津·高考真题）My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely ____21____ . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother ____22____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born ____23____ who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't ____24____.I didn't ____25____ having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. ____26____, I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be ____27____ for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough ____28____ my noisy singing. So space to practise became a（n）____29____ between us because we shared a room.At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I _____30_____ to learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and _____31_____ practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother _____32_____ quiet when I got home.After two days of this, my brother asked me to _____33_____ him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability to manage this song _____34_____,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new _____35_____. I kept trying at the song, no longer getting _____36_____ at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to _____37_____ power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything _____38_____ the first time and that good things come with continual _____39_____.I now understand why my brother favours the _____40_____.21．A．mature B．different C．content D．normal22．A．disliked B．preferred C．replaced D．abandoned23．A．writer B．leader C．painter D．performer24．A．get along B．drop by C．show off D．check in25．A．try B．mind C．enjoy D．delay26．A．In particular B．In vain C．In return D．In theory27．A．humorous B．ordinary C．competitive D．grateful28．A．above B．below C．near D．without29．A．issue B．contrast C．agreement D．balance30．A．struggled B．expected C．promised D．decided31．A．began B．allowed C．stopped D．continued32．A．hated B．experienced C．accepted D．wanted33．A．help B．invite C．join D．admire34．A．gracefully B．suddenly C．fiercely D．cautiously35．A．limit B．sentence C．mistake D．philosophy36．A．rude B．angry C．surprised D．excited37．A．lose B．share C．reduce D．maintain38．A．wrong B．right C．back D．down39．A．luck B．absence C．effort D．fear40．A．fight B．noise C．quiet D．safety