高中英语选择性必修一 Unit 2 LookingintotheFutureSectionⅣ单元要点复习案含解析

Unit 2 Looking into the FutureSection Ⅳ　单元要点复习Ⅰ.重点单词1．persuade vt.劝说；说服persuadeeq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(sb.＋\b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(\a\vs4\al(into out of doing sth.,not to do sth.)))\a\vs4\al(说服某人,不做某事),sb.＋\b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(of sth.,that...))使某人相信……))fool/cheat sb.into/out of doing sth.欺骗某人做/不做某事2．switch vt.转换；交换　vt.& vi.(使)改变；转变　n．开关；转换器；改变a switch in在……方面的转变make a switch做出改变switch ...from... to...(把……)由……转变为switch on/off打开/关上(电器等)switch over to转变；换频道3．distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的be distant from 距离远；不相似distance n. [C，U]距离in the distance/ into the distance在远处from a distance从远处walking distance步行可达的距离keep sb. at a distance对……冷淡；同……疏远；与……保持一定距离4．remote adj.遥远的，偏僻的in the remote past/future在遥远的过去/将来remote control遥控；遥控器remote­controlled adj.可遥控的a remote possibility/chance微乎其微的可能/机会remotely adv.遥远地；偏僻地；冷淡地；极小地remoteness n．远离，遥远5．routine n．常规；正常顺序　adj.常规的；日常的routine tests常规检查a routine job/life平淡乏味的工作/生活break up a dull routine打破沉闷的常规routinely adv.常规地，例行地6．preference n．[U]喜爱，偏爱；[C]偏爱的事物eq \b\lc\ \rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(in preference to 优先于……,have a preference for sth.偏爱某物,giveapreference to给……以优惠))prefer vt.更喜欢，宁愿eq \b\lc\ \rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事,preferdoingA todoingB喜欢做A胜过喜欢做B,prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A而不愿做B))7．instant n．瞬间；片刻　adj.立即的；即食的；速溶的(1)in an instant(＝immediately)　立刻the instant (that) (＝as soon as)一……就……(2)“一……就……”的其他表达方式：the moment/minute/second＋从句instantly/immediately/directly＋从句on/upon＋n./v.­ing8．secure adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的　vt.获得；拴牢；保护a secure job/income稳定的工作/收入 secure a contract/deal 订立合同；达成协议 security n．保护措施；安全工作；保卫部门national security 国家安全 airport security 机场的安全措施 the security forces/services 安全部队/机构 financial security 财务担保 9．integrate vi& vt.(使)合并；成为一体integrate into/with和……合成一体integrate A and B ＝integrate A into/with B把A和B整合起来；把A和B合成一体integrate sb.into/with sth.把某人融入integrated adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的integration n．结合；整合；一体化；融合10．command n．指令；命令；控制　vt.命令；控制at one's command 听某人吩咐have a good command of 精通in command (of sb.) 指挥；控制take command of 控制某事under one's command 在某人的指挥下command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事11．obey vi.& vt.服从，顺从obedience n．顺从obedient adj.顺从的disobey v．不服从disobedience n．不服从disobedient adj. 不服从的12．potential n．潜在性；可能性；潜能adj.可能的；潜在的potentially adv.潜在地13．relevant adj.相关的，切题的be relevant to与……有关be related to与……有关be concerned with与……有关be involved in与……有关be associated with与……有关relevance n．关联，贴切，中肯relevantly adv.有关地；切题地irrelevant adj.无关的；不切题的be irrelevant to sth./sb.与某物/人不相关14．available adj.可得到的；可购得的；(人)有空的15．combine vt. & vi. (使)联合；(使)结合combine A with B＝(combine A and B to gether)把A与B结合16．predict vt.预言，预测；预料(1)prediction n. 预言；预测；预示predictable adj. 可预言的；可预测的；可预示的predictor n. 测位器；预言家(2)前缀pre­表示“在……之前，预先”。precaution n．预防；预防措施prepay v．预付preview n．& vt. 预习；预演preread vt.预读17．forecast n. & vt. 预测；预报18．occupation n．职业；占领occupy vt. 占据；占有；占领occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.忙于occupied adj.使用中；忙碌的be occupied with sth./in doing sth.忙于；全神贯注于；从事19．oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠eq \b\lc\ \rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(oppose sth./doing sth./sb.'s doing sth.,反对某人做某事强调动作,oppose sth.to/against sth.使……与……对立/对抗))opposite adj.对面的，另一边的；相反的，对立的opposed adj.反对的，对立的be opposed to sth.反对某事20．cease vi.& vt.(使)停止；终止cease to do sth.停下来去做cease (doing) sth.停止(做)某事wonders will never cease(表示惊喜)真是无奇不有，怪事何其多cessation n．停止；终止；中断；暂停cessation of business暂停营业21．absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席absence from classes缺课in one's absence在某人不在的时候absence of mind心不在焉in the absence of...不在时absent adj.缺席的；不在的be absent from缺席；缺少；不存在absently adv.心不在焉地22．advocate vt.提倡；支持； 拥护　n．提倡者；支持者；拥护者advocate(doing)sth.提倡(做)某事advocate＋that­clause提倡/主张……(从句谓语用should do，should可省略)an advocate for/of ……的支持者/拥护者23．resist vi.& vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡(1)be hard/impossible to resist 难以拒绝resist sb./sth.抵抗/抵制某人/某物can't/couldn't resist doing sth.禁不住干某事resist doing sth.抑制干某事(2)resistant adj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的be resistant to 对……有抵抗力(3)resistance n．抗拒；反对Ⅱ.重点短语1．as to 关于；至于as to 相当于 as for，一般用于句首或分句句首，引出短语作状语，暗含转折意味。2．catch fire 着火catch fire 强调的是动作，不可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 on fire 强调的是状态，可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。3．in this sense 从这种意义上来讲a strong sense of purpose/identity/duty 明确的目标/很强的个性意识/很强的责任感in a sense (＝ in one way) 从某种意义上说in no sense 绝不 (放在句首，句子用部分倒装)make sense有道理；有意义；讲得通 make sense of sth.理解；弄懂(不易理解的事物)make no sense 无意义；讲不通；无道理There's no sense in doing sth.做某事无意义4. in particular 尤其，特别in particular＝particularly 尤其；特别；格外be particular about/over sth.对……讲究/挑剔5．on the one hand...on the other hand 一方面……，另一方面……(1)on the one hand...on the other hand一方面……，另一方面……(表示相矛盾的两个方面)for one thing... for another...首先……，其次……；一则……，二则……(2)on the one hand中的the可以省略，而on the other hand中的the不能省略。另外，on the other hand可以单独使用。6．provide sb.with sth.为某人提供某物eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(offer sb.sth.,offer sth.to sb.))主动给某人提供某物eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(supply sth.to sb.,supply sb.with sth.))给某人供应某物7．rather than 与其；不愿；而不是other than 除了or rather 更确切地说eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(would do...rather than do...,would rather do...than do...,prefer to do...rather than do...))eq \o(\s\up17(宁愿做……),\s\do15(而不愿做……))8．keep in touch (with...)(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)get in touch with与……取得联系lose touch with与……失去联系9．cut down 削减；删节；砍倒cut away 切下；砍掉cut off 中止；切断cut across 走捷径cut out 删除；遮挡cut back 削减；缩减cut short 缩短；打断cut in 超车；插嘴cut up 切碎；抨击Ⅲ.重点句型1．Your lights will come on the_instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。句中的 the instant (that)起连词作用，表示时间，意思是“一……就……”，that常省略。“一……就……”的表达方式： eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(as soon as,once,immediately/directly/instantly,the moment/the second/the instant/the minute,scarcely/hardly...when...主句常用过去完成时，从句常,　用一般过去时,no sooner...than...主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般,　过去时,on/upon doing))2．Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然而，大多数新的家庭需要几年才能开始使用这项新技术。 本句中before 引导时间状语从句。before 引导时间状语从句时可以根据语境译作“过了……(时间)才……”“还没来得及……就……”和“在……之前”。before 常用句型：(1)“It was＋时间段＋before...”意为“过了多久才……”，从句常用一般过去时。(2)“It was not long before...”意为“不久就……”，从句常用一般过去时。(3)“It will not be long before...”意为“不久就会……”，从句常用一般现在时。(4)“It will be＋时间段＋before...”意为“要过多久才……”，从句常用一般现在时。3．For example, the smart home could control the air conditioning and lights so_that you would no longer have to turn switches on and off, making your home more energy­efficient.例如，智能家居可以控制空调和灯光，这样你就不必再打开和关闭开关，使你的家更加节能。(1)本句中so that引导结果状语从句，意为“结果，所以”。so that还可以引导目的状语从句，意为“为了，以便于”。(2)making your home more energy­efficient是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。so that引导结果状语从句：从句时态表明动作已经发生。so that引导目的状语从句：从句中常有will，would；can，could；may, might等情态动词，表明动作尚未发生。4．Probably the most well known are the Amish, a_group_of_Christians_living_in_rural_America.最著名的可能是阿米什人，一群生活在美国农村的基督教徒。a group of Christians作前面the Amish的同位语；living in rural America是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词Christians并与之构成逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词和过去分词都可用作定语，它们的区别有两点：①现在分词表示分词与所修饰的名词或代词之间存在主谓关系，过去分词表示分词与所修饰的名词或代词之间存在动宾关系。②现在分词意为“令人……的”，表示被修饰的人或物给别人的感受；过去分词意为“……的”，强调被修饰的人自身的感受。5．Moreover, the Internet has_made_it_possible_for_friends_and_family_to keep in touch easily even_if they are on opposite sides of the world.此外，互联网使朋友和家人即使在世界的另一边也能很容易地保持联系成为可能。(1)本句是复合句。主句中使用了句型make＋it ＋ adj./n.＋ for sb.to do，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。(2)even if引导了让步状语从句。even if相当于even though，意为“即使；尽管”。even if/though引导的让步状语从句可用现在时代替将来时。“动词＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”(即“6123结构”)小结：①6指常用的动词：think，believe，make，find，consider，feel②1指形式宾语it③2指宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词④3指真正的宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词、从句6．Of course, when new technology changes the_way_we_live,_it can be a scary prospect.当然，当新技术改变我们的生活方式时，这可能是一个可怕的前景。本句是一个复合句，when引导时间状语从句；该时间状语从句中the way(方式)后接定语从句we live，引导词that/in which在从句中作方式状语，已经省去。way(方式，方法)后定语的常见形式：eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(①of doing sth.,②从句，从句引导词,③to do sth.))eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(在从句中作主语时：which/that,在从句中作宾语时：which/that，可省略,在从句中作状语时：that/in which，可省略))7．I couldn't_agree_more.我完全同意。此句是用比较级表示最高级含义，其结构是“表示完全否定意义的词＋比较级”。比较级表示最高级意义的常用结构：(1)比较级＋than＋eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(all the other＋名词复数,the other＋名词复数,any other＋名词单数,any of the other＋名词复数,anything/anyone else))(2)表示否定意义的词＋形容词/副词的比较级(＋than)8．As you can imagine，the skies over the city get pretty busy!正如你可以想象的，城市的天空变得非常繁忙！句中As引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的整个句子。as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……， 就像……”之意。但通常用于像as we all know, as is known to all, as is said above, as is always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。写作技巧点拨关于技术带来的变化的评论文章互联网已经成为现代人工作和生活中必不可少的通信工具，在人们的生活中起着重要的作用，但也有一些负面影响。请就互联网的利与弊发表你的见解，并阐述你的理由。内容包括：词数： 80左右。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、构思谋篇二、关键词语1．play an important part in 起重要作用2．advantage 优点3．disadvantage 弊端4．contribute to 有助于，促成5．do harm to 对……有害6．be addicted to 对……上瘾7．make full use of 充分利用三、连词成句1．如今互联网已经成为现代人工作和生活中必不可少的通讯工具。Nowadays，the Internet has become an essential means of communication to modern people.2．互联网在人们的生活中起着重要的作用并给我们带来很多益处，但也有一些负面影响不容忽略。The Internet plays an important part in our daily life and brings us many benefits，but its disadvantages should also not be ignored.3．互联网给我们提供大量的最新信息。The Internet can provide a great deal of the latest information for us.4．我们可以给朋友发送电子邮件从而促进人际交流。We can send e­mails to our friends，contributing to promoting social communication.5．互联网很容易让身体出问题，损害视力。The Internet can easily lead to physical problems and do harm to our eyesight.6．用非限制性定语从句合并句1和2。Nowadays，the Internet has become an essential means of communication to modern people，which plays an important part in our daily life and brings us many benefits，but its disadvantages should also not be ignored.7．用not only...but also...合并句3和4。Not only can the Internet provide a great deal of the latest information for us but also we can send e­mails to our friends，contributing to promoting social communication.8．用现在分词短语作结果状语升级句5。The Internet can easily lead to physical problems，doing harm to our eyesight.四、连句成篇Nowadays，the Internet has become an essential means of communication to modern people，which plays an important part in our daily life and brings us many benefits，but its disadvantages should also not be ignored.The Internet brings us many advantages.Firstly，not only can the Internet provide a great deal of the latest information for us but also we can send e­mails to our friends，contributing to promoting social communication.Secondly，the Internet makes shopping online convenient.However，the Internet has many disadvantages.It can easily lead to physical problems，doing harm to our eyesight.Surfing the Internet for a long time may affect our work and rest.In my view，the most important is that we should learn how to make full use of its advantages while avoiding its disadvantages.正反对比类议论文是从正反两方面辩证地说明某个观点。此类议论文应注意以下几点：1．此类文章的结构一般为：引语——正方观点——反方观点——结论。2．文章要做到要点完整、条理清晰。各段之间层次清楚，以使文章显得有条理。从段落内部的层次上讲，每一段一般又分为三部分：主题句、扩展句和总结句。3．常用一般现在时。[亮点句式]1．开头用语①We have a discussion about...②Recently，we had a heated discussion on...③According to a recent survey...④When it comes to...2．论证用语①Opinions are divided on the question.②Others have different opinions.③Some students are for the idea，while others think otherwise.④On the one hand...On the other hand...⑤First/Second/Third/What's more/Besides/In addition...3．表达观点①But on the other hand，there are also quite a few people who...②However，there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.③However，some others argue that...④At present，some people think...while others think...⑤It has more disadvantages than advantages.4．结束用语①To sum up/In a word/In conclusion/In short/Above all/In general/Generally speaking...②I still hold the view that...③Therefore，it is easy to draw the conclusion that...好处提供大量的信息，促进人际交流；网上购物便捷。弊端损害视力；长时间上网影响工作和休息；网瘾影响学生的学习。你的观点……体裁议论文时态一般现在时主题互联网的利弊人称第三人称结构第一段：引出话题；第二段：互联网的好处和弊端；第三段：自己的观点。