译林版高中英语必修第三册UNIT4预习新知早知道课件+学案

Ⅰ.匹配词义

A．单词匹配

(　　)1.theory　 A．n.共和国，共和政体

(　　)2.republic B．n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物

(　　)3.deadly C．n.省，省份

(　　)4.province D．n.学说，论；原理；看法，意见

(　　)5.survival E．adj.causing death or extremely poisonous

(　　)6.herb F．adj.not very great in amount

(　　)7.experiment G．adj.of a family n. a social unit

 living together

(　　)8.household H．adj.enoughfor its purpose

(　　)9.sufficient I．n.药草，香草；草本

(　　)10.limited J．n.实验，试验；尝试，实践

 vi.做实验，进行实验；尝试

[答案]　1－5　DAECB　6－10　IJGHF

B．短语匹配

(　　)1.speed up   A．偶然，意外地

(　　)2.pay off B．外太空

(　　)3.by accident C．(使)加速

(　　)4.with a bang D．成功，奏效，达到目的

(　　)5.outer space E．很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响

(　　)6.let sb.down F．想当然地认为，认为……

 是理所当然

(　　)7.as to G．提出，提议，建议

(　　)8.take it for granted H．关于，至于

(　　)9.put forward I．查阅，参考；提到，谈及

(　　)10.refer to J．使某人失望

[答案]　1－5　CDAEB　6－10　JHFGI

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．intend vi.& vt. 想要，计划；意指

2．data n. 数据，资料，材料

3．conduct vt.& vi. 组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止

4．accident n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇

5．favour vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于

         n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒

6．electricity n． 电，电能

7．charge vt.& vi. 充电；收费；控告；谴责；

 使……承担责任；使充满

            n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管

8．indicate vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出

9．credit n. 赞扬，认可；信用

        vt. 存入金额；把……归于

10．publish vt. 出版，发行；发表；公布

Ⅰ.语境填空

1．A good diet is beneficial to health.

2．His only chance of survival was a heart transplant.

3．The password will permit access to all the files in the computer.

4．He came along to lend me moral support.

5．In the email, you don't need to declare who you are.

6．There's an electric heater in the bedroom.

7．We need to be more scientific about this problem.

8．Early results can indicate that the government will be returned to power.

9．That is the question that will always surround him.

10．The bank refuses to accept responsibility for the mistake.

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．A politician(politics) is a person whose job is connected with politics.

2．She made a favourable(favour)impression on his parents.

3．Electric(electricity)is usually used to describe something that uses or produces electricity.

4．A bomber(bomb)is a plane that carries and drops bombs.

5．You must ask permission(permit)for all major expenditure.

6．All applicants will be considered regardless of age，sex or nationality (nation)．

7．Chinese traditional view was that marriage(marry) was meant to last, whatever happened.

8．I question the wisdom (wise)of giving a child so much money.

9．The following day she felt sufficiently(sufficient)well to go to work.

10．He finally won his freedom(free) after twenty years in prison.

1．She collected over 2，000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs.

她收集了2 000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获得了数百种提取物。

2．On 4 October 1971，after 190 failures，she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.

1971年10月4日，在失败了190次之后，她成功地获得了一种治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。

3．They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions，but they never gave up.

他们夜以继日地工作，由于恶劣的条件，他们的健康开始受到损害，但他们从未放弃。

4．As a key part of many malaria medicines，...

作为许多治疗疟疾的药物的主要成分。

5．In her Nobel Lecture，she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.

在她的诺贝尔演讲中，她鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医药的宝库，并将其提升到更高的水平。

词语助读

①female adj.& n．女性的；女子

②malaria n.疟疾

③deadly adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的

④survival n．生存，存活；残存物

⑤province n.省份

⑥broad adj.广泛的；广阔的

⑦intend vi.& vt.想要；计划

⑧recipe n．方法，秘诀；食谱

⑨extract n．提取物

⑩herb n．药草；草本

⑪refer to 查阅，参考

⑫experiment n．实验；实践

⑬trial n．试用；试验

⑭limited adj.有限的

⑮householdadj.家用的，家庭的

⑯container n.容器

⑰sufficientadj.足够的，充足的

⑱data n．数据，资料

⑲speed up(使)加速

⑳pay off 奏效；达到目的

lecture n．讲座，演讲

explore vt.研究；探索

wisdom n．智慧，才智

beneficialadj.有意的，有用的

原文呈现

Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize

By Dina Conner

11 December 2015

Tu Youyou has become the first female①scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria②，one of the deadliest③diseases in human history. [1] Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival④.

[1] 句中的to receive a Nobel Prize作后置定语，修饰the first female scientist；awarded for...为过去分词短语作定语；one of the deadliest diseases in human history 是名词malaria的同位语。

Born in 1930，in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province⑤，Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.[2] After graduation，she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine，acquiring a broad⑥ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. [3]

[2] born in 1930...为过去分词短语作状语。

[3] acquiring...为v.­ing短语作状语。

Tu's education was soon to prove very useful.In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended⑦ to find a cure for the disease[4]．She collected over 2，000 traditional Chinese medical recipes⑧ for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts⑨ from different herbs⑩.When they failed to produce any promising results，Tu referred to⑪ the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.Inspired by an over 1，600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments⑫ and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.[5] On 4 October 1971，after 190 failures，she succeeded in making  qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice[6]．

[4] 关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词team。

[5] Inspired by an over 1，600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water为过去分词短语作状语。

[6]that could treat malaria in mice为定语从句，先行词为extract。

However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials⑬ because research resources were limited⑭.Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem.When there was no research equipment，they had to extract herbs using household⑮ water containers⑯.They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions，but they never gave up.

Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced [7]，however，they still faced another problem.The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient⑰safety data⑱. To speed up⑲ the process and ensure its safety，Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.

[7] 此句为with的复合结构：with ＋ n．＋过去分词。

The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off⑳.In November 1972，through trial and error，they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract.As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients.More than 40 years after its discovery，Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.In her Nobel Lecture，she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.

译文参考

中国科学家获得2015年诺贝尔奖

迪娜·康纳

2015年12月11日

屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。由于她发现了青蒿素，世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。

1930年，屠呦呦生于浙江宁波，1951年至1955年在北京的一所大学学医。毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医深造课程，获得了广泛的中西医知识。

屠呦呦所受的教育很快被证明是非常有用的。20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年，屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。她收集了2 000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获得了数百种提取物。当它们没有取得任何预期效果时，屠呦呦再次去查阅历代中医典籍。据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。1971年10月4日，在失败了190次之后，她成功地获得了一种治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。

然而，由于研究资源有限，难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。屠呦呦和她的团队设法找到解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。他们夜以继日地工作，由于恶劣的条件，他们的健康开始受到损害，但他们从未放弃。

然而，即使生产了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临另一个问题：因为他们没有充足的安全性数据，在病人身上进行试验有可能推迟。为了加快进程并确保安全，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。

屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。1972年11月，通过试验和努力他们成功地找到了青蒿素——青蒿提取物最有效的成分。自那以后，作为治疗疟疾的药物的重要成分，“青蒿素”使大约2亿人受益。在发现它40多年后，屠呦呦最终获得了诺贝尔奖。在她的诺贝尔演讲中，她鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医药的宝库，并将其提升到更高的水平。也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。