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北京市一零一中学2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期中考试试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市一零一中学2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期中考试试卷（Word版附解析），共24页。试卷主要包含了 5分，共15分)， A， were putting等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市一零一中学2022-2023学年第一学期期中考试
高一英语
第二部分：知识运用(共两节，共30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
17-year-old Norwood was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, Florida, on February 20. As they reached a crossroads, a black car ___1___ them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.
As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” The ___2___ had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door, jamming it shut. ___3___, but otherwise OK, she climbed out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who’d also managed to ___4___ themselves, Norwood ran for her life.
But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran ___5___ and found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best as she could. She ___6___ Simmons to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse (脉搏), and put my head against her chest. No sign of life,” Norwood told CNN, “That’s when I started CPR. Fortunately, I ___7___ my CPR certificate yesterday.”
She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No ___8___. And then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness. The CPR had ___9___!
Soon, paramedics (急救人员) arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn’t ____10____,” Simmons said. “She will always help any way she can.”
1. A. stopped B. hit C. guided D. passed
2 A. impact B. symbol C. weight D. gravity
3. A. Relaxed B. Shaken C. Amazed D. Embarrassed
4. A. free B. defeat C. meet D. protect
5. A. back B. around C. forward D. outside
6. A. pushed B. rolled C. drove D. dragged
7. A. lost B. tested C. earned D. provided
8. A. trouble B. response C. preparation D. exception
9. A. begun B. finished C. failed D. worked
10. A. calm B. upset C. surprised D. nervous
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了在一场车祸后Norwood如何镇定自若利用所学的急救知识勇敢援救朋友Simmons的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她们到达一个十字路口时，一辆黑色的汽车撞上了他们。A. stopped停止；B. hit撞击；C. guided指导；D. passed通过。根据下文“Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.”可知，一辆车撞上了他们，致使她们的车驶进另一个院子，撞到了树上。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：碰撞使得Norwood驾驶员这侧的车门塌陷，将门卡住了。 A. impact碰撞；B. symbol象征；C. weight重量；D. gravity重力。根据上文“As they reached a crossroads, a black car ___1___ them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.”可知，Norwood的车遭受了撞击，驾驶员这侧的门塌陷被卡住了。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：恐惧的然而在别的方面还是可以的，她从窗户爬了出去。A. Relaxed放松的；B. Shaken恐惧的；C. Amazed惊奇的；D. Embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted,‘It’s about to blow up! Get out!’”可知，汽车遭到撞击，即将爆炸，因此推断Norwood是恐惧的。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Norwood和她的两个朋友，也设法自己逃了出来，一起逃命。A. free使摆脱；使自由；B. defeat打败；C. meet遇见；D. protect保护。根据上文“Along with two of her friends”和下文“Norwood ran for her life”可知，Norwood和这两个朋友一起逃命，说明朋友也成功自救。who引导定语从句，指代two of her friends，此处说的是朋友成功自救。free oneself“解脱；使自己自由”符合语境。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她跑回去发现Simmons在后座上，昏迷不醒。A. back向后；B. around在周围；C. forward向前；D. outside在外边。根据上文“she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them”和下文“found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious”可知，Norwood发现Simmons没有和她们一起逃生，于是跑回去发现了后座上昏迷的Simmons。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把Simmons拽到安全的地方，然后把她放在地上。A. pushed推动；B. rolled滚动；C. drove开车；D. dragged拖拽。根据下文“laid her on the ground”可知，Norwood把Simmons从车里拽了出来。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我昨天获得了心肺复苏术证书。A. lost失去；B. tested测验；C. earned赢得；获得；D. provided提供。根据上文“That’s when I started CPR.”以及Fortunately可知，Norwood开始给Simmons做心肺复苏，幸运的是，昨天她获得了心肺复苏术证书，可以实施心肺复苏。故选C。
8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有回应。A. trouble麻烦；B. response回复；C. preparation准备；D. exception例外。根据上文“She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.( 她开始按压她朋友的胸膛，往朋友的嘴里吹气，希望能用生命的吻填满她的肺。)”和下文“then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness.( 然后，经过30次按压和两次急救呼吸后，Simmons恢复了意识)”可知，开始做心肺复苏时，Simmons没有回应，又经过努力按压和两次急救呼吸后，她才恢复意识。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：心肺复苏术起作用了。A. begun开始；B. finished完成；C. failed失败；D. worked起作用。根据上文“Simmons regained consciousness”可知，Simmons恢复了意识，说明心肺复苏术起作用了。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我并不感到惊讶，”Simmons说“她总是会尽力帮助。” A. calm镇静的；B. upset不安的；C. surprised惊奇的； D. nervous紧张的。根据下文“She will always help any way she can.”可知，Simmons对于Norwood会挽救她的生命，因此她知道她总是会尽力提供帮助。故选C。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My classmates and I took part in a voluntary activity on the International Volunteer Day. We had a meeting to discuss what to do before the activity. Our monitor suggested giving directions to those ____11____ got lost, and everyone agreed. On the morning of December 5th, we came to the crossroads near our school to make careful preparation. Some were hanging up banners, while others ____12____ (put) maps in order. The people we helped were all ____13____ (satisfy) and praised us for what we did.
【答案】11. who
12. were putting
13. satisfied
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者和同班同学在国际志愿者日一起参加志愿者活动的事情。
【11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我们的班长建议给迷路的人指路，大家都同意了。分析句子结构和意思可知，____1____ got lost是定语从句，先行词是those，指人，在从句中做主语，用who引导。故填who。
【12题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：有些人在挂横幅，而另一些人则把地图摆放整齐。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查while引导的并列句的谓语动词，这句话描述的是过去正在进行的动作，所以用过去进行时。主语是others，be动词用were。故填were putting。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们帮助的人都很满意，并称赞我们的所作所为。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词做表语，表示“满意的”意思。故填satisfied。
B
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Most people know yoga as a kind of exercise, which aims at developing strength and flexibility. However, ____14____yoga is really about is more than just exercise. People do yoga ____15____ (hear) what their bodies are telling them as well as the quiet voice inside them. In 2014, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, asked the United Nations to create an International Day of Yoga. The United Nations agreed, and now International Yoga Day ____16____(celebrate) in June.
【答案】14. what
15. to hear
16. is celebrated
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述瑜伽。
【14题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：然而，瑜伽真正的意义不仅仅是锻炼。分析句子结构和意思可知，____1____yoga is really about是主语从句，从句中缺少介词about的宾语，指物，“什么”的意思。故填what。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：人们做瑜伽是为了听到身体在告诉他们什么，以及他们内心的安静声音。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词短语hear what their bodies are telling them as well as the quiet voice inside them是“what their bodies are telling them as well as the quiet voice inside them(人们做瑜伽)”的目的，所以用动词不定式，做目的状语。故填to hear。
【16题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：联合国同意了，现在国际瑜伽日在每年的6月举行。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查句子的谓语动词，这句话描述的是现在的事实，主语International Yoga Day和动词celebrate是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动结构，be动词用is。故填is celebrated。
C
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, also known as UNICEF, is a United Nations ____17____(organize) based in New York. It offers help needed by children all over the world. UNICEF was founded ____18____ 11th December, 1946 to provide food and healthcare to children in countries damaged in World War II. Since 1953, UNICEF ____19____ (take) up an extended mission to help children in the developing world, including those living with disease or disabilities, and those affected by rapid modernization and environmental ____20____ (problem).
【答案】17. organization##organisation
18. on 19. has taken
20. problems
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了联合国儿童基金会。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：联合国国际儿童紧急基金，又称儿童基金会，是一个总部设在纽约的联合国组织。根据空格前不定冠词a可知，应使用单数名词organization(美式)或者organisation(英式)，作表语，意为“组织”。故填organization/organisation。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：联合国儿童基金会成立于1946年12月11日，旨在为二战受害国的儿童提供食物和医疗保健。具体某一天前面用介词on，表示“在（某一天）”。故填on。
【19题详解】
考查时态。句意：自1953年以来，儿童基金会开展了一项扩大任务，帮助发展中世界的儿童，包括那些患有疾病或残疾的儿童，以及那些受快速现代化和环境问题影响的儿童。take (up)是句中谓语动词，与主语UNICEF之间是主动关系，结合时间状语Since 1953可知，应用现在完成时态，又因主语是专有名词，单数，助动词应用has。故填has taken。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：自1953年以来，儿童基金会开展了一项扩大任务，帮助发展中世界的儿童，包括那些患有疾病或残疾的儿童，以及那些受快速现代化和环境问题影响的儿童。根据句意，“环境问题”是复数概念，用名词复数problems，作宾语。故填problems。
第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，32分)
第一节(共11小题;每小题2分，共22分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
AFrom：jovangagic56@memail．com
To：kmallory@LN．org
Subject：Hi!
Dear Mr．Mallory，
I am writing to tell you my deep disappointment for my experience at Lingua Nova English summer school in the first two weeks of July．I had been thoroughly looking forward to learning English and learning about culture in the UK，but I am afraid that my time at your summer school failed to live up to my expectations．
Your brochure states that the student accommodation is situated "in the heart of Edinburgh"．This is misleading as my accommodation was，in fact，situated a good fifty minutes bus ride from the city center in what I can only describe as a less than picturesque part of the suburbs．
In addition，the activity programme did not reflect the fact that we were located in one of Europe's most interesting and historical cities: one evening activity consisted of a walk to a nearby park，another was a trip to a narrow street which was not usually used by cars．Finally，on our one trip into the city center our "guide" readily admitted that she was not from Edinburgh，and had in fact never visited the city before．I had been eagerly expecting a guided tour of Scotland's treasures．In fact，I was left in the city center with no map and told to "check things out" while your employee went shopping in Princes Street．This was a long awaited trip and cost me over two years' hard work and saving．Although I do have positive memories of my trip (my English teachers were knowledgeable and inspiring)，the accommodation and activity programme were wholly unsatisfactory．
I would like to get my money back for the accommodation and would really appreciate a reply within the next two weeks．
Yours sincerely，
Jovan Gagic
21. Jovan wrote the email to __________．
A. provide information
B. share experiences
C. express dissatisfaction
D. raise expectations
22. According to Jovan，the guide __________．
A. organized cultural activities
B. failed to perform duties
C. had a good knowledge of the city
D received punishment for bad behavior
23. What effect does Jovan want his email to have on Mr．Mallory?
A. To make him feel sorry．
B. To cause him worry．
C. To bring him disappointment．
D. To get him into trouble．
【答案】21 C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇电子邮件。邮件讲的是主人公报名了一个英国的暑期假日学校，但是去了之后发现环境很差，与介绍人描述的丝毫不符，为了向其表达不满，写了这封邮件。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。邮件第一句I am writing to tell you my deep disappointment for my experience at Lingua Nova English summer school in the first two weeks of July.阐述写信是为了表达自己对Lingua Nova英语暑期学校的经历深感失望。与C 选项的叙述相符。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。本题定位到文章的第三段Finally, on our one trip into the city center our "guide" readily admitted that she was not from Edinburgh, and had in fact never visited the city before.（最后，在我们去市中心的一次旅行中，我们的“导游”爽快地承认她不是来自爱丁堡，事实上以前从未去过这个城市。）从下文可知，作者在城市里no map and told to “checking things out”可知，导游不合格，与第二个选项描述相符。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知，作者想向Mallory 要回住宿费用，并且全文都在说作者在英国的情况与之前介绍不符，所以是想让介绍人感到愧疚。故选A。
【名师点睛】本文小题1、2都属于细节理解题。这一题型可以通过正选法与排除法解题。
正选法即根据所读材料内容从正面选择最佳答案。如果在有些情况下从正面选择答案有困难，考生则可以考虑选用排除法，即排除四个选项中的三个错误选项，那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。排除法是解答阅读理解题的常用方法，对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项，以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等，都可以采用排除法。
考生可以遵循如下“三级思考”的方法排除干扰项：(1) 如果干扰项明显与文章相矛盾，即为“误”，可以直接排除。(2) 如果干扰项与文章内容不矛盾，但在原文中没有依据，这种脱离原文的“虚”的选项也可以排除。(3)有些干扰项似乎很有道理，文中也能找到相关的依据，但它并不能完全满足题目的要求，未能以文章的主题、作者的思维模式为出发点，未能充分体现严谨性和最大的合理性，这种虽没错但不是最佳答案的“偏”选项也可以排除。只要考生经过“是否矛盾? (误否) ——是否有依据? (虚否?) ——是否以偏概全 (偏否?)”的逐级思考过程来分析和甄别每一个选项，那么解题的正确率就会得以提高。正确的答案应该是与原文意义一致的选项，或是经过“三级思考”仍不能排除的选项。
B
Collaboration at work is generally seen as a good thing. The latest survey by the Financial Times of what employers want from MBA graduates found that the ability to work in a team, to work with a wide variety of people and to build, maintain and expand a network of people were three of the top five skills that managers wanted.
But managers always have to balance the merits of teamwork, which help ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal, with the dangers of “groupthink”, when some don’t point out the faults of a plan to fit in with others. When people are aware of the views of others, there is a tendency for them to follow, as participants are reluctant to look foolish by deviating from the majority view. The same effect may lead to stock-market bubbles.
Modern communication methods mean that collaboration is more frequent. Workers are constantly in touch with each other via e-mail, messaging groups or mobile calls. But does that improve or worsen performance?
A new study by Ethan Bernstein, Jesse Shore and David Lazer, three American academics, tried to answer this question. They set a logical problem (devising the shortest route for a travelling salesman visiting various cities). Three groups were involved: one where subjects acted independently; another where they saw the solutions posted by team members at every stage; and a third where they were kept informed of each other’s views only intermittently (间歇地).
The survey found that members of the individualist group reached the best solution more often than the constant collaborators, but had a poorer average result. The intermittent collaborators found the right result as often as the individualists, and got a better average solution.
When it comes to idea generation, giving people a bit of space to find a solution seems to be a good idea. Occasional collaboration can be a big help; most people have benefited from a colleague’s wise advice to avoid a particular course of action.
Close teamwork may be vital in the lower reaches of a group, but at the top, someone has to make a decision. At this stage, intense collaboration may be less helpful. Fashion houses with co-creative directors are rated as less creative by industry experts than brands that were individually led. Co-led teams of Himalayan climbers are more likely to suffer deaths than those with single leaders. Experts think that co-leadership “creates uncertainty over who is really in charge”. The battles between Sandy Weill and John Reed when they were co-chief executives of Citigroup in the late 1990s were infamous. Less than 5% of companies in the Fortune 500 have used a co-CEO structure since 1989. In short, collaboration may be a useful tool, but it doesn’t work in every situation.
24. What does the underlined word “deviating” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Suffering. B. Differing.
C. Varying. D. Ranging.
25. In the new study conducted by three American academics, ______.
A. constant collaborators had the poorest average solution
B. all subjects had the chances to visit a variety of cities
C. individualists found the right result the most often
D. occasional collaboration promoted performance
26. From the last paragraph we can learn that ______.
A. fashion houses were more likely creative with a single authority
B. Himalayas climbers work together to avoid potential deaths
C. Sandy Weill and John Reed were not so creative leaders
D. successful companies have one Chief Executive Officer
27. What is the best title for the passage?
A. What is collaboration? B. When does collaboration work?
C. Why collaboration is highly valued? D. How to callborate with others in a team?
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了团队合作并不总是凑效，研究发现其只有在人们偶尔合作情况下才能奏效。
【24题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“But managers always have to balance the merits of teamwork, which help ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal, with the dangers of “groupthink”, when some don’t point out the faults of a plan to fit in with others. When people are aware of the views of others, there is a tendency for them to follow, as participants are reluctant to look foolish”可知，但是，管理者总是必须平衡团队合作的优点，这有助于确保每个人都朝着同一个目标努力，同时也有群体思维的危险，因为有些人为了与他人保持一致而没有指出计划中的不足之处，当人们了解到他人的观点时，他们就有一种追随的倾向，此处解释原因——因为他们不愿意偏离多数人的观点（与别人的观点不同）而显得愚蠢，由此可知画线词词义为“不同于”，故B项正确。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The intermittent collaborators found the right result as often as the individualists, and got a better average solution.”可知，这三位美国学者在研究中发现间歇性的合作者和个体主义者一样经常找到正确的结果，并得到更好的平均解决方案，也就说他们发现偶尔的合作可以提升绩效，故D项正确。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “Fashion houses with co-creative directors are rated as less creative by industry experts than brands that were individually led.”可知，行业专家认为，与单人领导的品牌相比，拥有联合创意总监的时装公司的创意更少，由此可知，单人领导（单一权威）的时装公司更具创意，故A项正确。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是团队合作并不总是凑效，研究发现其只有在人们偶尔合作情况下才能奏效，故B项（团队合作何时凑效？）适合作文章标题。故B项正确。
C
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn’t we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up homo sapiens (智人) in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”
So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and institutions are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.
Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can conceive (构想). That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants (后代) will find themselves.
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad (狂热). To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
28. Our vision of the future used to be influenced by ________.
A. our desire for lives of fulfillment B. our faith in science and technology
C. our awareness of potential risks D. our belief in equal opportunity
29. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggests that human beings are ________.
A. a sustained species B. a misplaced race
C. a threat to the environment D. the world’s dominant power
30. What can we learn from Paragraph 5?
A. Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
B. Technology offers solutions to social problem.
C. The interest in science fiction is on the rise.
D. Our immediate future is hard to imagine.
31. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to ________.
A. explore our planet’s abundant resources B. adopt an optimistic view of the world
C. draw on our experience from the past D. control our ambition to reshape history
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述在人类发展的长河里，没有什么是一成不变的。要保障人类的未来，借鉴我们过去的经验很重要。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.”(直到几十年前，我们对未来的憧憬在很大程度上是积极的，但绝不是一成不变的。科学技术将治愈人类的所有弊病，为所有人带来充实和机会的生活。)可知，我们对未来的憧憬过去常常受到对科学技术的信任所影响。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Look up homo sapiens (智人) in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.””(查找智人在国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的濒危物种“红色名录”中，你会看到：“被列为最不受关注物种，因为该物种分布非常广泛，目前正在增加，并且没有造成总体种群下降的重大威胁。”)可知，从国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的濒危物种“红色名录”可以看出，人类是最不可能灭绝的物种，是持续生存的物种。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can conceive (构想). That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.”(也许是故意的，考虑这么长的时间可能比考虑更近的未来更容易。当今技术的潜在演变及其社会后果是极其复杂的，也许最好留给科幻作家和未来学家来探索我们可以设想的许多可能性。这就是我们推出Arc的一个原因，Arc是一个致力于近期的新出版物。)可知，我们的近期未来是很难想象到的。故选D。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants (后代) will find themselves.”(但从长远来看，我们可以相当肯定地说，有一个惊人的数字。通常，过去是未来的关键：我们现在已经确定了足够多的影响地球和我们物种历史的长期模式，以便对我们后代的处境做出基于证据的预测会发现自己。)可知，要保障人类的未来，借鉴我们过去的经验很重要。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___32___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___33___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___34___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___35___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___36___ Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. G 36. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
【32题详解】
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”以及后文“With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. (有一个锻炼伙伴，你将会努力训练，因为你们之间有一个微妙的竞争)”可知，空处陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由，故选项应与后文是顺承关系，选项C中的“train with someone else”与后文的“With a workout partner”相对应，选项C“You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力)”符合语意。故选C项。
【33题详解】
根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的，故空处与后文是选择关系，你要知道你锻炼是为了什么。所以选项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”与后文在语意上构成选择关系。故选D项。
【34题详解】
根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。选项B中的“live close by”与后文的“belong to the same gym”相对应，选项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近)”与下文是顺承关系。故选B项。
【35题详解】
根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息)”是对上文内容的总结，符合语意。故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. (久而久之，你们双方都会受益—你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。你们关系的核心是你们永远在一起互相帮助)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。选项F中的“differences”对应前文的“different skills”，选项中的“work with each other”对应后文的“be there to help each other”，故选项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作)”起到承上启下的作用，符合语意。故选F项。
【点睛】
第四部分：基础落实(共两节，11分)
第一节 单词拼写(请用一、二单元学过的单词完成，共5小题;每小题1分，共5分)
37. After g ________from college, he decided to be a volunteer teacher in his hometown. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】graduating##raduating
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大学毕业后，他决定成为家乡的一名志愿者老师。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要表示“毕业”对应的动词的动名词形式，做介词After的宾语。故填graduating。
38. The King’s speech greatly i ________courage among the citizens during World War II. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】inspired##nspired
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：二战期间，国王的讲话极大地鼓舞了公民的勇气。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要表示“激励，鼓舞”对应的动词，作谓语。这句话描述的是过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。故填inspired。
39. At the Olympic Games, with sweat and tears, these a ________tried their best and proved to be national heroes. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】athletes##thletes
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在奥运会上，这些运动员用汗水和泪水尽了最大努力，并且证明了他们是民族英雄。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要表示“运动员”对应的名词athlete，前面有these修饰，所以用复数形式。故填athletes。
40. With the new e ________set up in the gym, the students started their training at once. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】equipment##quipment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：健身房里的新设备安装好之后，学生们立刻开始了训练。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要表示“设备”对应的名词，做介词With的宾语，是不可数名词。故填equipment。
41. To everybody’s r ________, the missing boy was finally found and returned home safely. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】relief##elief
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：使大家松了一口气的是，失踪的男孩终于找到了，并且安全回家了。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应使用名词relief构成固定短语to one’s relief，意为“使某人宽慰的是”。故填relief。
第二节 完成句子(请用一、二单元学过的短语完成，共6小题;每小题1分，共6分)
42. 我有一份前十位要读的书单并且我努力保持它不断更新。
I have a top 10 reading list and I try to ________.
【答案】keep it updated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和短语。表示“保持”应用动词keep；表示“它”应用代词it；表示“更新”应用动词update；分析句子结构和意思可知，动词update和被修饰的词it是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，做补语。故填keep it updated。
43. 我希望你已经适应了新学校。
I hope you ________the new school.
【答案】have adapted to
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“适应”是宾语从句中谓语动词，用动词短语adapt to表示；结合原句中“已经”可推知，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，应用现在完成时态，主语是you，助动词用have。故填have adapted to。
44. 我希望我会在说英语上建立自信。
I hope I will ________speaking English.
【答案】develop/build confidence in
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“在...建立自信”对应的动词短语develop/build confidence in，做谓语。本句为一般将来时。故填develop/build confidence in。
45. 比起慢跑我更喜欢打篮球。
I prefer to play basketball ________go jogging.
【答案】rather than
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。“比……更喜欢……”用动词短语prefer to do...rather than do...表示；rather than是连词，意为“而不是”。故填rather than。
46. 很明显，所有他额外花在独自练习上的时间都得到了回报。
Clearly, all the extra hours that he’d spent practicing alone ________.
【答案】paid off
【解析】
【详解】考查谓语动词。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“得到了回报”对应的动词短语pay off，做谓语。这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故填paid off。
47. Paul为了入选队伍不得不参加了多次选拔。
Paul had to ________many times for making the team.
【答案】try out
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“参加选拔”对应的动词短语try out，前面有动词不定式to，这里用动词原形。故填try out。
第五部分：书面表达(共两节，27分)
第一节 阅读表达(共3小题，第63、64小题各2分，第65小题3分，共7分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
The Lie We Tell Ourselves About Going to Bed Early
It is nothing new to most people that adequate sleep improves well-being. One recent study of more than 30, 000 U. K. residents found that people who increased their quantity of sleep over a four-year period got about the same happiness benefits as they would have from eight weeks of therapy, or from winning up to $280, 000 in a lottery. Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners. A lack of sleep, however, lowers happiness by reducing emotional-memory recall and encouraging a scarcity mindset (稀缺心态).
If all of this seems obvious, why don’t we sleep more? Physical conditions, work, stress, and young kids are all common barriers to proper sleep. However, another barrier comes purely from what scholars call “revenge bed time procrastination”, a habit in which some people put off sleep as a form of rebellion against their own inner authority. The writer Sylvia Plath described it nicely: “I wonder why I don’t go to bed and go to sleep. But then it would be tomorrow, so I decide that no matter how tired I am, I can skip one hour more of sleep and live.” Weirdly, we deprive ourselves of sleep to show some sort of independence from—well, ourselves.
Revenge bed time procrastination seems illogical, in that the perpetrator (行为人) and the recipient of the revenge are the same person. But the explanation is fairly straightforward: It happens because, generally speaking, people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life, so they fight back by demonstrating their own authority and staying up.
Personal control over our environment— or even the feeling of control—is deeply connected to our emotional balance. Given that sleep is something we can directly control, we may break common-sense rules about getting to bed, because we are unconsciously seeking a better emotional state—until the morning, when the alarm clock fills us with regret.
48. According to the recent study, what are the benefits of adequate sleep?
________________
49. What is “revenge bed time procrastination”?
________________
50. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because there are important things left to do.
________________
【答案】48. Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners. 或者 Being more social and having more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners.
49. Revenge bed time procrastination is a habit in which some people put off sleep as a form of rebellion against their own inner authority.
50. Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because there are important things left to do.
Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述我们对自己说的关于早睡的谎言。
【48题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners.”(休息好的人更善于社交，与同事和浪漫伴侣有更积极的情感体验。)可知，有足够的睡眠的好处是：人们更善于社交，与同事和浪漫伴侣有更积极的情感体验。故答案为Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners. 或者 Being more social and having more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners.
【49题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Revenge bed time procrastination seems illogical, in that the perpetrator (行为人) and the recipient of the revenge are the same person. But the explanation is fairly straightforward: It happens because, generally speaking, people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life, so they fight back by demonstrating their own authority and staying up.”(报复性睡前拖延似乎不合逻辑，因为报复的实施者和接受者是同一个人。但解释相当简单：发生这种情况是因为，一般来说，人们不喜欢别人告诉他们在生活的其他部分该做什么，所以他们会通过展示自己的权威和熬夜来反击。)可知，报复性睡前拖延是指人们通过展示自己的权威，利用熬夜来做出的反击。故答案为Revenge bed time procrastination is a habit in which some people put off sleep as a form of rebellion against their own inner authority.
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Revenge bed time procrastination seems illogical, in that the perpetrator (行为人) and the recipient of the revenge are the same person. But the explanation is fairly straightforward: It happens because, generally speaking, people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life, so they fight back by demonstrating their own authority and staying up.”(报复性睡前拖延似乎不合逻辑，因为报复的实施者和接受者是同一个人。但解释相当简单：发生这种情况是因为，一般来说，人们不喜欢别人告诉他们在生活的其他部分该做什么，所以他们会通过展示自己的权威和熬夜来反击。)可知，报复性睡前拖延是指人们不喜欢别人告诉他们在生活的其他部分该做什么，所以他们会通过展示自己的权威和熬夜来反击。故答案为Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because there are important things left to do. Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life.
第二节 写作(共20分)
51. 假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jim来信询问你们班参加刚刚举办的学校运动会的情况。请你用英文写一封回信，内容包括：
1.参加情况(项目，成绩等);
2.你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How are you recently? In your last letter, you asked about the school sports-meet held last week. I’m writing to share with you some detailed information.
Our class took an active part in all the events in the track and field, like 100-meter race, long distance running, long jump and high jump. Although we were not talented in sports, all the athletes tried hard and the other students cheered for them throughout the competition. What impressed us most was the 400-meter relay race, in which the four runners cooperated perfectly and won the first place. Seeing tears and sweat mixing on their faces, I was deeply moved. The sports meet provides us with the chance to strengthen our bodies and boost our sense of unity as well.
What about your sports meet? I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给美国朋友Jim介绍刚刚参加的学校运动会的情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近：recently→lately
举办：hold→throw
参加：take part in→join in
例如：like→such as
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In your last letter, you asked about the school sports-meet held last week.
拓展句：In your last letter, you asked about the school sports-meet that was held last week.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Although we were not talented in sports, all the athletes tried hard and the other students cheered for them throughout the competition.（由Although引导的让步状语从句）
【高分句型2】What impressed us most was the 400-meter relay race, in which the four runners cooperated perfectly and won the first place. （由What引导的主语从句和in which引导的非限制性定语从句）
听力答案：1-5 ABACA 6-10 ACBBC 11-15 BCABC
16. September 17. ancient 18. free 19. Germany 20. support
北京市一零一中学2022-2023学年第一学期期中考试
高一英语
第二部分：知识运用(共两节，共30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
17-year-old Norwood was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, Florida, on February 20. As they reached a crossroads, a black car ___1___ them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.
As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” The ___2___ had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door, jamming it shut. ___3___, but otherwise OK, she climbed out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who’d also managed to ___4___ themselves, Norwood ran for her life.
But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran ___5___ and found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best as she could. She ___6___ Simmons to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse (脉搏), and put my head against her chest. No sign of life,” Norwood told CNN, “That’s when I started CPR. Fortunately, I ___7___ my CPR certificate yesterday.”
She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No ___8___. And then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness. The CPR had ___9___!
Soon, paramedics (急救人员) arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn’t ____10____,” Simmons said. “She will always help any way she can.”
1. A. stopped B. hit C. guided D. passed
2 A. impact B. symbol C. weight D. gravity
3. A. Relaxed B. Shaken C. Amazed D. Embarrassed
4. A. free B. defeat C. meet D. protect
5. A. back B. around C. forward D. outside
6. A. pushed B. rolled C. drove D. dragged
7. A. lost B. tested C. earned D. provided
8. A. trouble B. response C. preparation D. exception
9. A. begun B. finished C. failed D. worked
10. A. calm B. upset C. surprised D. nervous
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了在一场车祸后Norwood如何镇定自若利用所学的急救知识勇敢援救朋友Simmons的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她们到达一个十字路口时，一辆黑色的汽车撞上了他们。A. stopped停止；B. hit撞击；C. guided指导；D. passed通过。根据下文“Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.”可知，一辆车撞上了他们，致使她们的车驶进另一个院子，撞到了树上。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：碰撞使得Norwood驾驶员这侧的车门塌陷，将门卡住了。 A. impact碰撞；B. symbol象征；C. weight重量；D. gravity重力。根据上文“As they reached a crossroads, a black car ___1___ them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.”可知，Norwood的车遭受了撞击，驾驶员这侧的门塌陷被卡住了。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：恐惧的然而在别的方面还是可以的，她从窗户爬了出去。A. Relaxed放松的；B. Shaken恐惧的；C. Amazed惊奇的；D. Embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted,‘It’s about to blow up! Get out!’”可知，汽车遭到撞击，即将爆炸，因此推断Norwood是恐惧的。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Norwood和她的两个朋友，也设法自己逃了出来，一起逃命。A. free使摆脱；使自由；B. defeat打败；C. meet遇见；D. protect保护。根据上文“Along with two of her friends”和下文“Norwood ran for her life”可知，Norwood和这两个朋友一起逃命，说明朋友也成功自救。who引导定语从句，指代two of her friends，此处说的是朋友成功自救。free oneself“解脱；使自己自由”符合语境。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她跑回去发现Simmons在后座上，昏迷不醒。A. back向后；B. around在周围；C. forward向前；D. outside在外边。根据上文“she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them”和下文“found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious”可知，Norwood发现Simmons没有和她们一起逃生，于是跑回去发现了后座上昏迷的Simmons。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把Simmons拽到安全的地方，然后把她放在地上。A. pushed推动；B. rolled滚动；C. drove开车；D. dragged拖拽。根据下文“laid her on the ground”可知，Norwood把Simmons从车里拽了出来。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我昨天获得了心肺复苏术证书。A. lost失去；B. tested测验；C. earned赢得；获得；D. provided提供。根据上文“That’s when I started CPR.”以及Fortunately可知，Norwood开始给Simmons做心肺复苏，幸运的是，昨天她获得了心肺复苏术证书，可以实施心肺复苏。故选C。
8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有回应。A. trouble麻烦；B. response回复；C. preparation准备；D. exception例外。根据上文“She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.( 她开始按压她朋友的胸膛，往朋友的嘴里吹气，希望能用生命的吻填满她的肺。)”和下文“then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness.( 然后，经过30次按压和两次急救呼吸后，Simmons恢复了意识)”可知，开始做心肺复苏时，Simmons没有回应，又经过努力按压和两次急救呼吸后，她才恢复意识。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：心肺复苏术起作用了。A. begun开始；B. finished完成；C. failed失败；D. worked起作用。根据上文“Simmons regained consciousness”可知，Simmons恢复了意识，说明心肺复苏术起作用了。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我并不感到惊讶，”Simmons说“她总是会尽力帮助。” A. calm镇静的；B. upset不安的；C. surprised惊奇的； D. nervous紧张的。根据下文“She will always help any way she can.”可知，Simmons对于Norwood会挽救她的生命，因此她知道她总是会尽力提供帮助。故选C。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My classmates and I took part in a voluntary activity on the International Volunteer Day. We had a meeting to discuss what to do before the activity. Our monitor suggested giving directions to those ____11____ got lost, and everyone agreed. On the morning of December 5th, we came to the crossroads near our school to make careful preparation. Some were hanging up banners, while others ____12____ (put) maps in order. The people we helped were all ____13____ (satisfy) and praised us for what we did.
【答案】11. who
12. were putting
13. satisfied
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者和同班同学在国际志愿者日一起参加志愿者活动的事情。
【11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我们的班长建议给迷路的人指路，大家都同意了。分析句子结构和意思可知，____1____ got lost是定语从句，先行词是those，指人，在从句中做主语，用who引导。故填who。
【12题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：有些人在挂横幅，而另一些人则把地图摆放整齐。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查while引导的并列句的谓语动词，这句话描述的是过去正在进行的动作，所以用过去进行时。主语是others，be动词用were。故填were putting。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们帮助的人都很满意，并称赞我们的所作所为。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词做表语，表示“满意的”意思。故填satisfied。
B
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Most people know yoga as a kind of exercise, which aims at developing strength and flexibility. However, ____14____yoga is really about is more than just exercise. People do yoga ____15____ (hear) what their bodies are telling them as well as the quiet voice inside them. In 2014, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, asked the United Nations to create an International Day of Yoga. The United Nations agreed, and now International Yoga Day ____16____(celebrate) in June.
【答案】14. what
15. to hear
16. is celebrated
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述瑜伽。
【14题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：然而，瑜伽真正的意义不仅仅是锻炼。分析句子结构和意思可知，____1____yoga is really about是主语从句，从句中缺少介词about的宾语，指物，“什么”的意思。故填what。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：人们做瑜伽是为了听到身体在告诉他们什么，以及他们内心的安静声音。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词短语hear what their bodies are telling them as well as the quiet voice inside them是“what their bodies are telling them as well as the quiet voice inside them(人们做瑜伽)”的目的，所以用动词不定式，做目的状语。故填to hear。
【16题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：联合国同意了，现在国际瑜伽日在每年的6月举行。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查句子的谓语动词，这句话描述的是现在的事实，主语International Yoga Day和动词celebrate是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动结构，be动词用is。故填is celebrated。
C
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, also known as UNICEF, is a United Nations ____17____(organize) based in New York. It offers help needed by children all over the world. UNICEF was founded ____18____ 11th December, 1946 to provide food and healthcare to children in countries damaged in World War II. Since 1953, UNICEF ____19____ (take) up an extended mission to help children in the developing world, including those living with disease or disabilities, and those affected by rapid modernization and environmental ____20____ (problem).
【答案】17. organization##organisation
18. on 19. has taken
20. problems
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了联合国儿童基金会。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：联合国国际儿童紧急基金，又称儿童基金会，是一个总部设在纽约的联合国组织。根据空格前不定冠词a可知，应使用单数名词organization(美式)或者organisation(英式)，作表语，意为“组织”。故填organization/organisation。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：联合国儿童基金会成立于1946年12月11日，旨在为二战受害国的儿童提供食物和医疗保健。具体某一天前面用介词on，表示“在（某一天）”。故填on。
【19题详解】
考查时态。句意：自1953年以来，儿童基金会开展了一项扩大任务，帮助发展中世界的儿童，包括那些患有疾病或残疾的儿童，以及那些受快速现代化和环境问题影响的儿童。take (up)是句中谓语动词，与主语UNICEF之间是主动关系，结合时间状语Since 1953可知，应用现在完成时态，又因主语是专有名词，单数，助动词应用has。故填has taken。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：自1953年以来，儿童基金会开展了一项扩大任务，帮助发展中世界的儿童，包括那些患有疾病或残疾的儿童，以及那些受快速现代化和环境问题影响的儿童。根据句意，“环境问题”是复数概念，用名词复数problems，作宾语。故填problems。
第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，32分)
第一节(共11小题;每小题2分，共22分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
AFrom：jovangagic56@memail．com
To：kmallory@LN．org
Subject：Hi!
Dear Mr．Mallory，
I am writing to tell you my deep disappointment for my experience at Lingua Nova English summer school in the first two weeks of July．I had been thoroughly looking forward to learning English and learning about culture in the UK，but I am afraid that my time at your summer school failed to live up to my expectations．
Your brochure states that the student accommodation is situated "in the heart of Edinburgh"．This is misleading as my accommodation was，in fact，situated a good fifty minutes bus ride from the city center in what I can only describe as a less than picturesque part of the suburbs．
In addition，the activity programme did not reflect the fact that we were located in one of Europe's most interesting and historical cities: one evening activity consisted of a walk to a nearby park，another was a trip to a narrow street which was not usually used by cars．Finally，on our one trip into the city center our "guide" readily admitted that she was not from Edinburgh，and had in fact never visited the city before．I had been eagerly expecting a guided tour of Scotland's treasures．In fact，I was left in the city center with no map and told to "check things out" while your employee went shopping in Princes Street．This was a long awaited trip and cost me over two years' hard work and saving．Although I do have positive memories of my trip (my English teachers were knowledgeable and inspiring)，the accommodation and activity programme were wholly unsatisfactory．
I would like to get my money back for the accommodation and would really appreciate a reply within the next two weeks．
Yours sincerely，
Jovan Gagic
21. Jovan wrote the email to __________．
A. provide information
B. share experiences
C. express dissatisfaction
D. raise expectations
22. According to Jovan，the guide __________．
A. organized cultural activities
B. failed to perform duties
C. had a good knowledge of the city
D received punishment for bad behavior
23. What effect does Jovan want his email to have on Mr．Mallory?
A. To make him feel sorry．
B. To cause him worry．
C. To bring him disappointment．
D. To get him into trouble．
【答案】21 C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇电子邮件。邮件讲的是主人公报名了一个英国的暑期假日学校，但是去了之后发现环境很差，与介绍人描述的丝毫不符，为了向其表达不满，写了这封邮件。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。邮件第一句I am writing to tell you my deep disappointment for my experience at Lingua Nova English summer school in the first two weeks of July.阐述写信是为了表达自己对Lingua Nova英语暑期学校的经历深感失望。与C 选项的叙述相符。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。本题定位到文章的第三段Finally, on our one trip into the city center our "guide" readily admitted that she was not from Edinburgh, and had in fact never visited the city before.（最后，在我们去市中心的一次旅行中，我们的“导游”爽快地承认她不是来自爱丁堡，事实上以前从未去过这个城市。）从下文可知，作者在城市里no map and told to “checking things out”可知，导游不合格，与第二个选项描述相符。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知，作者想向Mallory 要回住宿费用，并且全文都在说作者在英国的情况与之前介绍不符，所以是想让介绍人感到愧疚。故选A。
【名师点睛】本文小题1、2都属于细节理解题。这一题型可以通过正选法与排除法解题。
正选法即根据所读材料内容从正面选择最佳答案。如果在有些情况下从正面选择答案有困难，考生则可以考虑选用排除法，即排除四个选项中的三个错误选项，那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。排除法是解答阅读理解题的常用方法，对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项，以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等，都可以采用排除法。
考生可以遵循如下“三级思考”的方法排除干扰项：(1) 如果干扰项明显与文章相矛盾，即为“误”，可以直接排除。(2) 如果干扰项与文章内容不矛盾，但在原文中没有依据，这种脱离原文的“虚”的选项也可以排除。(3)有些干扰项似乎很有道理，文中也能找到相关的依据，但它并不能完全满足题目的要求，未能以文章的主题、作者的思维模式为出发点，未能充分体现严谨性和最大的合理性，这种虽没错但不是最佳答案的“偏”选项也可以排除。只要考生经过“是否矛盾? (误否) ——是否有依据? (虚否?) ——是否以偏概全 (偏否?)”的逐级思考过程来分析和甄别每一个选项，那么解题的正确率就会得以提高。正确的答案应该是与原文意义一致的选项，或是经过“三级思考”仍不能排除的选项。
B
Collaboration at work is generally seen as a good thing. The latest survey by the Financial Times of what employers want from MBA graduates found that the ability to work in a team, to work with a wide variety of people and to build, maintain and expand a network of people were three of the top five skills that managers wanted.
But managers always have to balance the merits of teamwork, which help ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal, with the dangers of “groupthink”, when some don’t point out the faults of a plan to fit in with others. When people are aware of the views of others, there is a tendency for them to follow, as participants are reluctant to look foolish by deviating from the majority view. The same effect may lead to stock-market bubbles.
Modern communication methods mean that collaboration is more frequent. Workers are constantly in touch with each other via e-mail, messaging groups or mobile calls. But does that improve or worsen performance?
A new study by Ethan Bernstein, Jesse Shore and David Lazer, three American academics, tried to answer this question. They set a logical problem (devising the shortest route for a travelling salesman visiting various cities). Three groups were involved: one where subjects acted independently; another where they saw the solutions posted by team members at every stage; and a third where they were kept informed of each other’s views only intermittently (间歇地).
The survey found that members of the individualist group reached the best solution more often than the constant collaborators, but had a poorer average result. The intermittent collaborators found the right result as often as the individualists, and got a better average solution.
When it comes to idea generation, giving people a bit of space to find a solution seems to be a good idea. Occasional collaboration can be a big help; most people have benefited from a colleague’s wise advice to avoid a particular course of action.
Close teamwork may be vital in the lower reaches of a group, but at the top, someone has to make a decision. At this stage, intense collaboration may be less helpful. Fashion houses with co-creative directors are rated as less creative by industry experts than brands that were individually led. Co-led teams of Himalayan climbers are more likely to suffer deaths than those with single leaders. Experts think that co-leadership “creates uncertainty over who is really in charge”. The battles between Sandy Weill and John Reed when they were co-chief executives of Citigroup in the late 1990s were infamous. Less than 5% of companies in the Fortune 500 have used a co-CEO structure since 1989. In short, collaboration may be a useful tool, but it doesn’t work in every situation.
24. What does the underlined word “deviating” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Suffering. B. Differing.
C. Varying. D. Ranging.
25. In the new study conducted by three American academics, ______.
A. constant collaborators had the poorest average solution
B. all subjects had the chances to visit a variety of cities
C. individualists found the right result the most often
D. occasional collaboration promoted performance
26. From the last paragraph we can learn that ______.
A. fashion houses were more likely creative with a single authority
B. Himalayas climbers work together to avoid potential deaths
C. Sandy Weill and John Reed were not so creative leaders
D. successful companies have one Chief Executive Officer
27. What is the best title for the passage?
A. What is collaboration? B. When does collaboration work?
C. Why collaboration is highly valued? D. How to callborate with others in a team?
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了团队合作并不总是凑效，研究发现其只有在人们偶尔合作情况下才能奏效。
【24题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“But managers always have to balance the merits of teamwork, which help ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal, with the dangers of “groupthink”, when some don’t point out the faults of a plan to fit in with others. When people are aware of the views of others, there is a tendency for them to follow, as participants are reluctant to look foolish”可知，但是，管理者总是必须平衡团队合作的优点，这有助于确保每个人都朝着同一个目标努力，同时也有群体思维的危险，因为有些人为了与他人保持一致而没有指出计划中的不足之处，当人们了解到他人的观点时，他们就有一种追随的倾向，此处解释原因——因为他们不愿意偏离多数人的观点（与别人的观点不同）而显得愚蠢，由此可知画线词词义为“不同于”，故B项正确。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The intermittent collaborators found the right result as often as the individualists, and got a better average solution.”可知，这三位美国学者在研究中发现间歇性的合作者和个体主义者一样经常找到正确的结果，并得到更好的平均解决方案，也就说他们发现偶尔的合作可以提升绩效，故D项正确。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “Fashion houses with co-creative directors are rated as less creative by industry experts than brands that were individually led.”可知，行业专家认为，与单人领导的品牌相比，拥有联合创意总监的时装公司的创意更少，由此可知，单人领导（单一权威）的时装公司更具创意，故A项正确。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是团队合作并不总是凑效，研究发现其只有在人们偶尔合作情况下才能奏效，故B项（团队合作何时凑效？）适合作文章标题。故B项正确。
C
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn’t we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up homo sapiens (智人) in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”
So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and institutions are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.
Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can conceive (构想). That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants (后代) will find themselves.
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad (狂热). To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
28. Our vision of the future used to be influenced by ________.
A. our desire for lives of fulfillment B. our faith in science and technology
C. our awareness of potential risks D. our belief in equal opportunity
29. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggests that human beings are ________.
A. a sustained species B. a misplaced race
C. a threat to the environment D. the world’s dominant power
30. What can we learn from Paragraph 5?
A. Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
B. Technology offers solutions to social problem.
C. The interest in science fiction is on the rise.
D. Our immediate future is hard to imagine.
31. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to ________.
A. explore our planet’s abundant resources B. adopt an optimistic view of the world
C. draw on our experience from the past D. control our ambition to reshape history
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述在人类发展的长河里，没有什么是一成不变的。要保障人类的未来，借鉴我们过去的经验很重要。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.”(直到几十年前，我们对未来的憧憬在很大程度上是积极的，但绝不是一成不变的。科学技术将治愈人类的所有弊病，为所有人带来充实和机会的生活。)可知，我们对未来的憧憬过去常常受到对科学技术的信任所影响。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Look up homo sapiens (智人) in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.””(查找智人在国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的濒危物种“红色名录”中，你会看到：“被列为最不受关注物种，因为该物种分布非常广泛，目前正在增加，并且没有造成总体种群下降的重大威胁。”)可知，从国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的濒危物种“红色名录”可以看出，人类是最不可能灭绝的物种，是持续生存的物种。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can conceive (构想). That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.”(也许是故意的，考虑这么长的时间可能比考虑更近的未来更容易。当今技术的潜在演变及其社会后果是极其复杂的，也许最好留给科幻作家和未来学家来探索我们可以设想的许多可能性。这就是我们推出Arc的一个原因，Arc是一个致力于近期的新出版物。)可知，我们的近期未来是很难想象到的。故选D。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants (后代) will find themselves.”(但从长远来看，我们可以相当肯定地说，有一个惊人的数字。通常，过去是未来的关键：我们现在已经确定了足够多的影响地球和我们物种历史的长期模式，以便对我们后代的处境做出基于证据的预测会发现自己。)可知，要保障人类的未来，借鉴我们过去的经验很重要。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___32___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___33___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___34___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___35___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___36___ Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. G 36. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
【32题详解】
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”以及后文“With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. (有一个锻炼伙伴，你将会努力训练，因为你们之间有一个微妙的竞争)”可知，空处陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由，故选项应与后文是顺承关系，选项C中的“train with someone else”与后文的“With a workout partner”相对应，选项C“You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力)”符合语意。故选C项。
【33题详解】
根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的，故空处与后文是选择关系，你要知道你锻炼是为了什么。所以选项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”与后文在语意上构成选择关系。故选D项。
【34题详解】
根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。选项B中的“live close by”与后文的“belong to the same gym”相对应，选项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近)”与下文是顺承关系。故选B项。
【35题详解】
根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息)”是对上文内容的总结，符合语意。故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. (久而久之，你们双方都会受益—你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。你们关系的核心是你们永远在一起互相帮助)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。选项F中的“differences”对应前文的“different skills”，选项中的“work with each other”对应后文的“be there to help each other”，故选项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作)”起到承上启下的作用，符合语意。故选F项。
【点睛】
第四部分：基础落实(共两节，11分)
第一节 单词拼写(请用一、二单元学过的单词完成，共5小题;每小题1分，共5分)
37. After g ________from college, he decided to be a volunteer teacher in his hometown. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】graduating##raduating
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大学毕业后，他决定成为家乡的一名志愿者老师。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要表示“毕业”对应的动词的动名词形式，做介词After的宾语。故填graduating。
38. The King’s speech greatly i ________courage among the citizens during World War II. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】inspired##nspired
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：二战期间，国王的讲话极大地鼓舞了公民的勇气。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要表示“激励，鼓舞”对应的动词，作谓语。这句话描述的是过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。故填inspired。
39. At the Olympic Games, with sweat and tears, these a ________tried their best and proved to be national heroes. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】athletes##thletes
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在奥运会上，这些运动员用汗水和泪水尽了最大努力，并且证明了他们是民族英雄。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要表示“运动员”对应的名词athlete，前面有these修饰，所以用复数形式。故填athletes。
40. With the new e ________set up in the gym, the students started their training at once. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】equipment##quipment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：健身房里的新设备安装好之后，学生们立刻开始了训练。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要表示“设备”对应的名词，做介词With的宾语，是不可数名词。故填equipment。
41. To everybody’s r ________, the missing boy was finally found and returned home safely. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】relief##elief
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：使大家松了一口气的是，失踪的男孩终于找到了，并且安全回家了。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应使用名词relief构成固定短语to one’s relief，意为“使某人宽慰的是”。故填relief。
第二节 完成句子(请用一、二单元学过的短语完成，共6小题;每小题1分，共6分)
42. 我有一份前十位要读的书单并且我努力保持它不断更新。
I have a top 10 reading list and I try to ________.
【答案】keep it updated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和短语。表示“保持”应用动词keep；表示“它”应用代词it；表示“更新”应用动词update；分析句子结构和意思可知，动词update和被修饰的词it是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，做补语。故填keep it updated。
43. 我希望你已经适应了新学校。
I hope you ________the new school.
【答案】have adapted to
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“适应”是宾语从句中谓语动词，用动词短语adapt to表示；结合原句中“已经”可推知，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，应用现在完成时态，主语是you，助动词用have。故填have adapted to。
44. 我希望我会在说英语上建立自信。
I hope I will ________speaking English.
【答案】develop/build confidence in
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“在...建立自信”对应的动词短语develop/build confidence in，做谓语。本句为一般将来时。故填develop/build confidence in。
45. 比起慢跑我更喜欢打篮球。
I prefer to play basketball ________go jogging.
【答案】rather than
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。“比……更喜欢……”用动词短语prefer to do...rather than do...表示；rather than是连词，意为“而不是”。故填rather than。
46. 很明显，所有他额外花在独自练习上的时间都得到了回报。
Clearly, all the extra hours that he’d spent practicing alone ________.
【答案】paid off
【解析】
【详解】考查谓语动词。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“得到了回报”对应的动词短语pay off，做谓语。这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故填paid off。
47. Paul为了入选队伍不得不参加了多次选拔。
Paul had to ________many times for making the team.
【答案】try out
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“参加选拔”对应的动词短语try out，前面有动词不定式to，这里用动词原形。故填try out。
第五部分：书面表达(共两节，27分)
第一节 阅读表达(共3小题，第63、64小题各2分，第65小题3分，共7分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
The Lie We Tell Ourselves About Going to Bed Early
It is nothing new to most people that adequate sleep improves well-being. One recent study of more than 30, 000 U. K. residents found that people who increased their quantity of sleep over a four-year period got about the same happiness benefits as they would have from eight weeks of therapy, or from winning up to $280, 000 in a lottery. Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners. A lack of sleep, however, lowers happiness by reducing emotional-memory recall and encouraging a scarcity mindset (稀缺心态).
If all of this seems obvious, why don’t we sleep more? Physical conditions, work, stress, and young kids are all common barriers to proper sleep. However, another barrier comes purely from what scholars call “revenge bed time procrastination”, a habit in which some people put off sleep as a form of rebellion against their own inner authority. The writer Sylvia Plath described it nicely: “I wonder why I don’t go to bed and go to sleep. But then it would be tomorrow, so I decide that no matter how tired I am, I can skip one hour more of sleep and live.” Weirdly, we deprive ourselves of sleep to show some sort of independence from—well, ourselves.
Revenge bed time procrastination seems illogical, in that the perpetrator (行为人) and the recipient of the revenge are the same person. But the explanation is fairly straightforward: It happens because, generally speaking, people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life, so they fight back by demonstrating their own authority and staying up.
Personal control over our environment— or even the feeling of control—is deeply connected to our emotional balance. Given that sleep is something we can directly control, we may break common-sense rules about getting to bed, because we are unconsciously seeking a better emotional state—until the morning, when the alarm clock fills us with regret.
48. According to the recent study, what are the benefits of adequate sleep?
________________
49. What is “revenge bed time procrastination”?
________________
50. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because there are important things left to do.
________________
【答案】48. Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners. 或者 Being more social and having more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners.
49. Revenge bed time procrastination is a habit in which some people put off sleep as a form of rebellion against their own inner authority.
50. Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because there are important things left to do.
Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述我们对自己说的关于早睡的谎言。
【48题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners.”(休息好的人更善于社交，与同事和浪漫伴侣有更积极的情感体验。)可知，有足够的睡眠的好处是：人们更善于社交，与同事和浪漫伴侣有更积极的情感体验。故答案为Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners. 或者 Being more social and having more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and romantic partners.
【49题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Revenge bed time procrastination seems illogical, in that the perpetrator (行为人) and the recipient of the revenge are the same person. But the explanation is fairly straightforward: It happens because, generally speaking, people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life, so they fight back by demonstrating their own authority and staying up.”(报复性睡前拖延似乎不合逻辑，因为报复的实施者和接受者是同一个人。但解释相当简单：发生这种情况是因为，一般来说，人们不喜欢别人告诉他们在生活的其他部分该做什么，所以他们会通过展示自己的权威和熬夜来反击。)可知，报复性睡前拖延是指人们通过展示自己的权威，利用熬夜来做出的反击。故答案为Revenge bed time procrastination is a habit in which some people put off sleep as a form of rebellion against their own inner authority.
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Revenge bed time procrastination seems illogical, in that the perpetrator (行为人) and the recipient of the revenge are the same person. But the explanation is fairly straightforward: It happens because, generally speaking, people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life, so they fight back by demonstrating their own authority and staying up.”(报复性睡前拖延似乎不合逻辑，因为报复的实施者和接受者是同一个人。但解释相当简单：发生这种情况是因为，一般来说，人们不喜欢别人告诉他们在生活的其他部分该做什么，所以他们会通过展示自己的权威和熬夜来反击。)可知，报复性睡前拖延是指人们不喜欢别人告诉他们在生活的其他部分该做什么，所以他们会通过展示自己的权威和熬夜来反击。故答案为Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because there are important things left to do. Revenge bed time procrastination occurs because people dislike being told what to do in other parts of their life.
第二节 写作(共20分)
51. 假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jim来信询问你们班参加刚刚举办的学校运动会的情况。请你用英文写一封回信，内容包括：
1.参加情况(项目，成绩等);
2.你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How are you recently? In your last letter, you asked about the school sports-meet held last week. I’m writing to share with you some detailed information.
Our class took an active part in all the events in the track and field, like 100-meter race, long distance running, long jump and high jump. Although we were not talented in sports, all the athletes tried hard and the other students cheered for them throughout the competition. What impressed us most was the 400-meter relay race, in which the four runners cooperated perfectly and won the first place. Seeing tears and sweat mixing on their faces, I was deeply moved. The sports meet provides us with the chance to strengthen our bodies and boost our sense of unity as well.
What about your sports meet? I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给美国朋友Jim介绍刚刚参加的学校运动会的情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近：recently→lately
举办：hold→throw
参加：take part in→join in
例如：like→such as
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In your last letter, you asked about the school sports-meet held last week.
拓展句：In your last letter, you asked about the school sports-meet that was held last week.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Although we were not talented in sports, all the athletes tried hard and the other students cheered for them throughout the competition.（由Although引导的让步状语从句）
【高分句型2】What impressed us most was the 400-meter relay race, in which the four runners cooperated perfectly and won the first place. （由What引导的主语从句和in which引导的非限制性定语从句）
听力答案：1-5 ABACA 6-10 ACBBC 11-15 BCABC
16. September 17. ancient 18. free 19. Germany 20. support
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