普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第1篇Section10学案

这是一份普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第1篇Section10学案

Section 10[考纲词汇通关] frightened adj.恐惧的，害怕的[归纳拓展](1)frighten sb.into/out of doing sth. 吓得某人做/不做某事frighten sb.to death 把某人吓得要死frighten away/off 吓走/跑(2)frightening adj. 令人恐惧的；可怕的(3)fright n. 恐惧；害怕①The eagle suddenly flew in the air and frightened me.那只老鹰突然飞了起来，把我吓了一跳。②The frightened man sounded as if he was dying of fright.那个受惊吓的男人听起来好像要吓死了。③Don't frighten me into doing something I don't want to do.不要吓唬我让我去做我不想做的事情。④A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten)experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.突然停下可能会是非常吓人的经历，尤其是你正在高速行进中。[语境助记]　The frightening scene frightened the little boy.We could learn that from his frightened face.Although he felt frightened he tried to hide his fright.我们从他惊恐的脸上可以得知，这吓人的场面吓坏了这个小男孩。尽管他感到害怕但是他尽力隐藏自己的恐惧。 figure v．计算；想；估计；认为 n．数字；图形；人物；身材；体形；人影[归纳拓展](1)keep one's figure　 保持(优美的)身材(2)figure out 想出，理解；弄明白，看透figure on 期待，指望，依赖figure that 认为，认定figure in 把……列入计算/考虑范围①Don't figure on going abroad this summer；we may not be able to afford it.别指望今年夏天出国，因为我们可能负担不起旅行费用。②I could hear them talking but I couldn't figure out what they were saying.我能听见他们在说话，但就是弄不懂他们在说什么。 slim adj.苗条的，修长的[归纳拓展]slim v． 减肥slim(sth.)down 精简；裁员①She keeps her slim figure and has no wrinkles on her face.她保持着苗条的身材，脸上也没有皱纹。②Many firms staff are a lot slimmer (slim) than they used to be.许多公司的员工比过去少多了。③You can still eat breakfast when you are slimming(slim)．你减肥也可以吃早餐。 occur vi.发生；出现；(想法、念头等)出现，浮现[归纳拓展]sth.occur(s) to sb. 某人想到某事；某事出现在某人头脑中It occurs to sb.to do sth./that... 某人突然想到……①Ralph W．Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生总是把他突然想到的新想法记下来。②It never occurred to her to ask for anyone when she was in trouble.当她遇到困难时从未想到求助他人。③It never occurred to me that he should have failed in the test.我怎么也没有想到他竟然没有通过测试。[名师点津]　表示“某人想到……”还可以用下列句式：①It strikes/hits sb.that...　②sth.strike(s) sb.　③sb.hit(s) on/upon sth.　④sth.come(s) to sb. measure v．量；测量[归纳拓展](1)measure...by... 用……来衡量……be measured by/in... 用……来计算/衡量(2)take measures(to do sth.) 采取措施(干某事)make...to one's measure 按某人的尺寸订做……①They measured the length of the garden.他们测量了花园的长度。②We call on the government to take measures to prevent the environment from bad to worse.我们呼吁政府采取措施防止环境恶化。③It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't be measured(measure) only by examination results.众所周知教育不能仅仅靠考试结果来衡量。 pick up卷起，掀起；拾起，拿起；接收(信号)；(无意中)学会；收拾，整理；开车接(人)；(健康、生意等)好转，恢复；买到[归纳拓展]pick oneself up 跌倒后站起来 pick up speed 加速 pick out 挑选；辨认出①The next morning, my mum came to pick me up.第二天早上，我的妈妈来接我。②She soon picked up French after she went to live in France.她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。③She picked herself up and dusted herself off.她跌倒后站起来，擦掉身上的灰尘。 end up结果为……；以……结束[归纳拓展]end up doing sth.　 以……而告终end (up) in 以……告终；结果为……end (up) with 以……结束(指以某种方式结束)end up as 最终成为……①At the dinner we usually begin with soup and end up with fruit.在宴会上，我们通常开始的一道菜是汤，最后一道是水果。②Some people tried many ways to lose weight, ending up gaining weight soon again.有些人尝试多种方法减肥，结果不久体重却又增加了。③He began his life as a poor man and ended up as a millionaire.他出身贫寒，最终成了百万富翁。[名师点津]　end up in后接表示结果的名词；end up with后接表示伴随的名词或名词性短语。 in all总计；总共[归纳拓展]after all 毕竟，归根结底above all 尤其是，最重要的是first of all 首先at all 全然；究竟，到底①There were in all at least a hundred persons present.总共至少有一百人到场。②We can forgive him.After all，he is a child.我们可以原谅他，毕竟他是个孩子。③Above all，we should collect enough money.最重要的是我们应该筹集足够的钱。[重点句式分析] Not only can you post specific questions，but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.不但你可以就特定的问题发帖，也可以通过阅读全世界其他英语学习者的帖子来拓展自己的知识。[要点提炼]本句是由not only...but(also)...连接的并列句。not only放在句首时，后面的分句用部分倒装，要把情态动词、系动词以及助动词放在主语的前面。[归纳拓展](1)not only...but(also)...连接两个对等的成分。(2)not only...but(also)...连接两个主语时，主谓一致应遵循“就近”原则。①Not only does he teach at school，but he writes songs.他不仅在学校教书，而且还写歌曲。②He is not only a teacher but also a friend for us.他不仅是我们的老师也是我们的朋友。③Not only my parents but also I am(be)fond of sports.不仅我父母，而且我也喜欢运动。[名师点津]　只有not only后的分句用部分倒装；but(also)后面的分句不倒装。 If so，how did you deal with them?如果是这样，你怎么应对它们(那些失望的时候)的？[要点提炼]本句型为if引导的省略句，if之后省略了it was。[归纳拓展]if引导的省略句还有以下几种：if any 如果有的话if necessary 如果需要的话if possible 如果可能的话if ever 如果曾经有的话if not 如果不这样的话①If possible，I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city.如果有可能的话，我将去探访市里的几家养老院。②However，encouragement may be given if necessary．不过必要时可以给予鼓励。③There are few people nowadays，if any，who remember him.当今记得他的人，如果有的话，也不多了。④The island is seldom，if ever，visited by ships.这个岛难得有船停靠。[名师点津]　当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，或从句中的主语是it，且谓语中含be动词，此时可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。这种省略也可在although，when等引导的状语从句中见到。[基础题型对练]Ⅰ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。Once there lived a rich man 1.who wanted to do something for the people of his town. But first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help.In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 2.a very large stone. Then he 3.hid (hide) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road？” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some 4.difficulty(difficult) he passed around the stone and continued on his way. Another man came along and did the same thing; then another came，and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 5.it. Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone，6.saying(say) to himself: “The night 7.is(be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 8.strength(strong) to move it. How great was 9.his(he) surprise at last！10.Under the stone, he found a bag of money.Ⅱ.阅读理解Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有压力的) conditions.Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems.People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties.Studies over a range of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people protect themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.Social support cushions (缓解) stress in a number of ways.First，friends，relatives and co­workers may let us know that they value us.Our self­respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties.Second，other people often provide us with informational support.They help us to define (确定) and understand our problems and find solutions to them.Third，we typically find social companionship supportive.Taking part in free­time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles.Finally，other people may give us instrumental support—money aid，material resources，and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.1．Interpersonal relationships are important because they can ________．A．deal with life changesB．smooth away daily problemsC．make people live more easilyD．cure types of illnesses[答案]　C2．The researches show that people's physical and mental health ________．A．has much to do with the amount of support they get from othersB．lies in the social medical care systems which support themC．depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troublesD．is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes[答案]　A3．Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of ________．A．instrumental supportB．informational supportC．social companionshipD．the strengthening of self­respect[答案]　C4．What is the subject discussed in the text?A．Effects of stressful conditions.B．Kinds of social support.C．Ways to deal with stress.D．Interpersonal relationships.[答案]　D5．The underlined word “distracting” in Paragraph 2 means ________．A．转移话题　　　 B．转移注意力C．转移目标 D．转移地点[答案]　B