普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第2篇板块1第1讲时态和语态学案

板块一　复杂多变的动词

第一讲　时态和语态

[语法规则再现]

一、时态

1．一般现在时/一般过去时

2.一般将来时

3.现在进行时/过去进行时

4.现在完成时/过去完成时

二、被动语态

1．各种时态的被动语态

2.使用被动语态的情况

3.一般时态的被动语态的特殊用法

(1)在主动句中，一些感官动词(hear，watch，see，feel，notice等)或使役动词(make，have，let等)后面的宾语补足语在主动语态中要用不带to的动词不定式，但在变为被动语态时，不定式符号to应补上。如：

We often hear her read English in her room.

→She is often heard to read English in her room.

我们经常听见她在房间里读英语。

(2)主动形式表示被动含义

①某些动词(write，wash，sell，read，clean，drive等)作不及物动词且表示主语的质地、性能、自身特征等属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动含义。如：

This kind of paper sells well.

这种纸卖得很好。

②某些连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，prove等)要用主动形式表示被动含义，因为连系动词本身为不及物动词，没有被动语态。如：

Your idea sounds a good one.

你的想法听起来不错。

My advice proved to be wrong.

我的意见证实是错误的。

③表示“需要；值得；经受”等意义的动词(如need，want，require等)以及“be worth＋动名词”结构，后接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。如：

Your hair needs/wants cutting.

你需要理发。

The book is well worth reading.

这本书很值得一读。

[典型例题分析]

1．Roborts have been widely used in our daily life.They can be ________ (see) in many factories today.

seen　[they在这句话中指的是前一句的Roborts，从作者所想表达的“当今可以在很多工厂见到机器人”，机器人与看(see)之间是被动关系，be done表被动，可知正确答案应该是see的过去分词seen。]

2．At school，she ________ (creative) many interesting projects and won some prizes，so her parents were very proud of her.

created　[从句子结构分析，she作主语，后面缺的是谓语动词，从won得知这句话应该采用谓语动词的过去式，应该把提示词中的形容词变成动词的过去式，所以答案是created。]

[语法专项对练]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．It's said that one more library will be built (build) in our city next year.

2．Paper was first created (create) about 2，000 years ago in China.

3．Everything has changed (change) in my hometown since 1999.Now it looks more beautiful.

4．The famous writer was invited to give a speech.He will take (take) a plane to Beijing in two days.

5．Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has been reached (reach) so far by the two sides.

6．Marty has been working (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.

7．Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I had left (leave) my book in the cafe.

8．It is reported that a space station will be built (build) on the moon in years to come.

9．Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child，few people guessed that he would be (be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.

10．—Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon?

—I'm sorry，but by then I will be flying (fly) to Beijing.How about five?

11．He must have sensed that I was looking (look) at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”

12．I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but was held (hold) back thankfully by the shop window.

13．For thousands of years，the festival has been marked (mark) by eating zongzi and racing dragon boats in honour of Qu Yuan.

14．—Is Peter coming?

—No，he changed (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.

15．I still remember my happy childhood when my mother often took (take) me to the park at weekends.

16．To my delight，I was chosen (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

17．—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.

—He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing (write) his essay there ever since.

18．They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house is being rebuilt (rebuild)．

19．After Jack had sent some e­mails，he started (start) working on his project.

20．If it doesn't rain (not rain) this Sunday，we will have a picnic.

Ⅱ.语法填空

在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Dad quit drinking exactly one year before I was born.He joined a group of other people. He said they 1.had stopped (stop) drinking，too.I loved my dad 2.but I hated the way his weekly meetings took him away from me.It seemed that they were more important to him than I was.But with my birthday coming up I thought Dad 3. would make (make) an exception.I begged him not to miss it but 4. was refused(refuse)．He said，“I am chairing the meeting this Saturday.We 5.will have (have) your party on Sunday.Why not come with me together tonight? It's an open meeting.All 6.are (be) welcome.”I agreed.Maybe I needed to see why something Dad did every week mattered so much.

After we arrived，Dad announced 7.the theme of the meeting was going to be gratitude.He told his story about giving up drinking.8.Later (late)，a man called Dave also told his story.Only then did I know it was Dad that saved his life 9.from drinking.Showing up week after week and meeting with people，Dad 10.was changing (change) lives.Shame washed over me.