普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第2篇板块3第1讲代词学案

板块三　不可忽视的小词——代词、冠词、介词

第一讲　代词

[语法规则再现]

一、指示代词

指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个/些”“那个/些”。常用的指示代词有this，that，these，those。

1．this/these指代下文要提到的事，that/those指代上文提到过的事。如：

Please remember this：Where there is a will，there is a way.

请记住：有志者，事竟成。

He was busy.That was why he didn't go to the cinema with us.

他很忙。那就是他没有和我们一起去看电影的原因。

2．打电话时用this介绍自己，用that介绍对方。如：

This is Mary speaking.Who's that?

我是玛丽。你是谁？

二、it，one/ones，that/those作替代词时的区别

1．it特指上文提到的同一对象，是同一事物。如：

I have a new schoolbag.It's very nice.

我有一个新书包。它很漂亮。

2．one泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个(表示几个时用ones)，同类而不同物。如：

I have lost my umbrella.I think I must buy one.我的伞丢了。我想我必须买一把。

3．that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词，以避免重复；若代替前面提到的可数名词复数，则用those。如：

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.

冬天，北京的天气比广州的天气冷。

三、常用不定代词辨析

1．few/a few与little/a little

2.both，neither，either，all与any

这些词都可用作代词、限定词或副词(除both不用作副词外)

3.none与no one

4.other，the other，others，the others与another

全部否定的不定代词：

none，no one，nobody，nothing，neither，not any，no＋名词。

部分否定的不定代词：

not与all，both，everyone，everybody，everything 等连用，其中not可以位于句首或句中。

[典型例题分析]

1．The teacher asks ________(we) very difficult questions.

us　[从句意“老师问我们非常难的问题”可知，动词asks后缺宾语，所以要填we的宾格us。]

2．She often keeps a notebook in ________(she) bag and writes down what she sees and hears.

her　[从句意“她经常在她的书包里放一本笔记本，记录她的所见所闻”可知，应该填形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词bag，所以填she的形容词性物主代词her。]

[语法专项对练]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．—Have you bought the newly­produced equipment on display?

—Not yet，for I still prefer that at my home.

2．—He found a baby in his car when he came back from the supermarket.And it was crying for some milk.

—When was that?

—It was in 2019 when he was still in college.

3．The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but neither contained any useful suggestions.

4．They reached the top successfully，but on their (they) way back conditions were very difficult.

5．He had a deep voice，which set him (he) apart from others in our small town.

6．The young couple have been looking for houses，but haven't yet found one they can afford.

7．No matter how busy he is，Tom makes it a rule to see his parents every week.

8．I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

9．—Is there anything else I can do for you，Jeff?

—No.Thanks.I really appreciate it when you lent all your notes to me before the exam.

10．The book is of great value，but nothing can be enjoyed unless you digest it.

11．Our school has made it a rule that all the students come to school on time.

12．I had to raise my voice to make myself (I) heard in the noisy crowd.

13．—You've passed the driving test?

—No.You see the new driving test rules are much stricter than those in the past.

14．My feet had hardly touched the sandy bottom when the two men jumped down，one on each side of me (I)．

15．The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than that in the newspaper.

16．I managed to solve the quarrel between Michael and Allen without hurting the feelings of either．

17．I want to go to college and become a doctor，such is my wish.

18．The children were catching butterflies in the garden.Some caught a lot，but others caught none．

19．It wasn't until two days ago that Dad allowed me to drive on the motorway.

20．—My (I) skirt is blue.Hers (she)  is red.Which of them do you prefer?

—Either is OK.I like their styles.

Ⅱ.语法填空

在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market.The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind 1.it．A man saw them and asked the son why 2.he wasn't riding the donkey.Then the father let 3.him ride it.4.Another man saw them and told 5.them that they should 6.both ride the donkey.So 7.they both got on it.A woman who saw them said，“Tell 8.me，why are you both riding that poor animal? 9.It looks so weak and tired.10.You are so cruel！” Then，the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a bridge.When they were halfway across the bridge，the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river.