普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第2篇板块4第3讲名词性从句学案

这是一份普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第2篇板块4第3讲名词性从句学案

第三讲　名词性从句[语法规则再现]一、主语从句1．引导主语从句的连接词：从属连词that，whether/if连接代词what，who，whom，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how，whenever等。①That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。②What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。2．主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/shame/no wonder/no surprise等)＋that从句(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)＋that从句(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen等)＋that从句①It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。②It's no surprise that our team has won the game.我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。③It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。二、宾语从句1．引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词that，whether，if；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等；从句用陈述语序。①Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study.进入大学的人中，没有人确切知道他们想学什么。②We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。③I truly believe that beauty comes from within.我确信美来自内在。④We must find out when Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。2．it作形式宾语的宾语从句。(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find，feel，think，consider，believe，guess，suppose，make等。He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。(2)动词hate，like，dislike，appreciate，enjoy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to，depend on，rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。三、表语从句1．引导表语从句的连接词：从属连词that，whether；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等；从句用陈述语序。①Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.杰里不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方法来表达的。②I'd like to start my own business—that's what I'd do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。2．as if/as though引导的表语从句。as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem，look，taste，sound，feel，appear等动词之后。The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.雾霾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色毯子扔到它的上面。3．because，why引导的表语从句。because，why也可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause(该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型：eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(This/That is/was why...这/那是……的,原因,This/That is/was because...这/那是因,为……,The reason why...is/was that...……的,原因是……))①From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水覆盖。②The reason why he didn't pass the exam was that he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。四、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。1．常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有：advice建议 conclusion结论demand要求 doubt怀疑fact事实 hope希望idea主意 information信息message消息 news消息order命令 possibility可能性promise诺言 question问题request请求 suggestion建议thought想法 plan计划①I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school，would be different.我对自己承诺：今年，我高中的第一年，会有所不同。②The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.经理提出了一个建议：我们应当有一位助理。2．引导同位语从句的连接词有：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。①Evidence has been found through years of study that children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.通过多年的研究发现：有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续下去。②She asked a question why there was a delay.她问了发生延误的原因。③I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回家。1.在同位语从句中，that，whether不作句子成分。that无实义，whether意为“是否”，if一般不引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。2．引导名词性从句时，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“……的”，在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。 [典型例题分析]1．He asked me ________ told me the accident.who　[句意：他问是谁告诉了我这个事故。跟在asked后可判断为宾语从句，从句中缺了主语，即谁告诉了我，所以用who。]2．________you come or not won't make any difference.Whether　[句意：你来与不来都没有任何的不同。整个句子的谓语为won't make，故判断为主语从句，whether和or not搭配。][语法专项对练]Ⅰ.用适当的引导词填空1．The happiest people enjoy what/whatever each age gives them.2．Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.3．My mother knew where we were at all times.She knew who/where our friends were.4．We must find out when Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.5．Experts aren't still sure exactly how dreams work，but what is certain is that they are necessary for our mental health and that everyone has dreams.6．What astonishes us is that AlphaGo defeated the human champion.7．—I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.8．When you are reading，make a note of what you think is of great importance.9．You have to know where you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.10．If you are going to kill the snake，you have to get close to where the head is and cut it off.11．It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world.12．Whether you come or not won't make any difference.13．You are saying that everything should be equal，and this is where I agree.14．—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?—Yeah，but I have no idea why he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.15．It's up to you to decide how you'll go there，by air or by train.16．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That's where I was born.”17．The exhibition tells us why we should do something to stop air pollution.18．We have learned from the story that what is most valuable is not what we have in our lives but who we have in our lives.19．I think what impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.20．Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.21．Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.22．What he considered a great proposal was turned down by the boss at the meeting.23．Choosing the right dictionary depends on what you want to use it for.24．There is a common belief among them that rubbish can and should be put into good use.25．A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not what ships are built for.Ⅱ.语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I like reading very much.My classmates' question is 1.when I began to love reading.Actually，I love reading as a child.I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university.What I meant was 2.that I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read.3.That I went to the library to read everyday was one of my favorite hobbies.My love of reading was credited with the fact 4.that my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day.I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination.It's not really surprising 5.that literature became my vocation.Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women's legends.Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university.6.Whether there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot.Thanks to Jane Goodall，her research showed me the answer.She argued 7.that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment.After finishing her story，I still have some doubts 8.how she could achieve great success on her own in the forest.Lin Qiaozhi，a doctor，became a specialist in women's illnesses.She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.9.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.10.Why she didn't choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now.