普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第2篇板块4第4讲特殊句式学案

这是一份普通高中英语学业水平合格性考试第2篇板块4第4讲特殊句式学案

第四讲　特殊句式[语法规则再现]一、倒装句1．全部倒装(1)表示地点或方位的副词或介词短语，如：here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，on the wall，under the tree等置于句首，且主语是名词时。①John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，那儿站着一位他从来没见过的女孩。②Just in front of the bus lies an injured man，all covered with blood.公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。(2)代词such放在句首，且在句中作表语时。Such are the facts；no one can deny them.这些就是事实；没有人可以否认。(3)为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密，常将作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首，引起全部倒装。①Seated in the first row are some workers.坐在第一排的是一些工人。②Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.出席会议的是一些来自中国的科学家。注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。③Away they went.他们走了。2．部分倒装(1)so/neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语(表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物)①If Joe's wife won't go to the party，neither will he.如果乔伊的妻子不参加晚会，他也不去。②She has been to New York.So have I.她去过纽约，我也去过。注意：so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。—It is too hot.—So it is.——天气太热了。——是啊，的确很热。(2)表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时此类词有not，never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，little，no，nowhere，not only，not until，at no time，by no means，in no way等。①Not a single song did she sing at yesterday's party.在昨天的晚会上她一首歌也没有唱。②At no time will Lucy be the first to use the computer.在任何情况下露西决不会第一个使用电脑。(3)在so/such...that...句型中，若so/such...提到句首时In such a hurry did he leave the office that he forgot to lock the door.他离开办公室时太匆忙了，结果忘了锁门。(4)当“only＋状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。(5)表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他时，句子要倒装①Much as I like it，I'll not buy it.尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。②Pretty as she is，she is not proud.尽管她很漂亮，但她一点也不自负。③Try as he would，he might fail again.尽管他还会试，但可能还会失败。(6)hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不变。①Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.他一听到这个消息就开始哭了。②The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only was teachers' energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons.电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对上课更感兴趣了。(7)在省略if的虚拟条件句中(当条件从句中有were，had, should时)①Had you reviewed your lessons，you might have passed the examination.要是早复习了功课，你有可能就通过考试了。②Should it not rain，we would go for a picnic tomorrow.要是明天不下雨，我们就可以去野餐了。二、强调句1．强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语或状语It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少而是我们将多少爱投入到我们所做的事情中。2．强调句的特殊句式(1)强调句型的问句形式①强调句型的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前。其形式为：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down？他是船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？②强调句型的特殊疑问句形式为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who＋其他？When was it that you called me yesterday?你昨天是什么时候打电话给我的？注意：如果强调句型的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，要用陈述句语序。I wonder who it was that told Jim the news.我想知道是谁告诉吉姆这个消息的。(2)含有not...until...的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他．It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。注意：用于强调句型中的until不能用till替换。3．用助动词强调谓语如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词，我们在该动词前加助动词do，does或did。①Many of the films are from the USA，but we do give awards to films from other countries.许多电影来自于美国，但我们的确也给其他国家的影片颁奖。②He did come to see you last Sunday，but you were out.他上周日的确来看过你，但是你出去了。三、省略句1．在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if(it is)carried out regularly，can improve our health.实验表明，如果有规律地进行适量运动能强身健体。2．I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面可仅跟so与not，分别表示肯定或否定意义，代替宾语从句①—Do you think it will rain?—I hope not(that it will not rain)．——你认为会下雨吗？——我希望不下。②—Do you believe our team will win?—I guess so(our team will win)．——你相信我们队会赢吗？——我猜会赢。3．不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid/glad/happy，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边。①I asked him to see the film，but he didn't want to.我请他去看电影，但他不想去。②—Will you join in the game?—I'd be glad to.——你愿意加入游戏吗？——我很高兴加入。(2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。—Are you a sailor?—No，but I used to be.——你是海员吗？——不，但我过去是。四、反意疑问句及其他1．反意疑问句(1)祈使句的反意疑问句①肯定的祈使句，简短问句用will you/won't you。②否定的祈使句，简短问句用will you。③let's和let us引导的祈使句：let's表“建议、征询”之意时，含听话者在内，故简短问句用shall we；let us表“建议、征询”之意时，不含听话者在内，故简短问句用will you。Let's go out for a walk after supper，shall we?晚饭后我们出去散散步，好吗？(2)must表示猜测时的反意疑问句①must be是对现在的情况进行推测，按现在时的附加疑问句进行处理。He must be honest，isn't he?他肯定很诚实，不是吗？②“must have done”用来推测过去的动作，强调对现在的影响。句中没有表示过去时间的状语时，按现在完成时的附加疑问句来处理；如有明确的表过去的时间状语，按一般过去时处理。It must have rained last night，didn't it?昨天晚上肯定下雨了，不是吗？He must have known the truth，hasn't he?他肯定知道了真相，不是吗？(3)主从复合句中，反意疑问句应与主句的主谓语保持一致。He left in a hurry because there was no time left，didn't he?他匆忙离开了，因为没有时间了，不是吗？(4)当陈述部分是I/We think/believe/expect/suppose加从句时，反意疑问句应和从句的人称和时态保持一致。I don't think anyone can finish the experiment，can they?我认为并非人人都能完成实验，对吗？2．句型：祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋简单句(多用将来时)(1)“祈使句/名词短语＋and＋简单句”表示“如果……，就……”①“Only two centimeters higher，and you will break the world record，”encouraged the coach.“仅再高两厘米，你将打破世界纪录，”教练鼓励说。②Bring the flowers into a warm room and they'll soon open.将花放到暖和的房间里，它们将会很快开放。(2)“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋简单句”表示“……，否则……”Don't drive so fast，or/otherwise you'll have an accident.不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。注意：“分词作状语结构＋主句”与该句型容易弄混，关注有没有连词即可。3．感叹句how＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.(可数名词单数)＋主＋谓！①How interesting a story it is!这是一个多有趣的故事啊！②What fine weather it is today!今天天气真好！[典型例题分析]They were just going to get on ________ suddenly there was a loud noise behind them.when　[考查固定句型be doing...when...意为某人正在做某事，这时某事发生。][语法专项对练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．It is always the firefighters that/who take the lead to run to the very center，saving lives by risking their own.2．It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common.3．John has not yet passed the driving test，and neither has Henry.4．From the picture we know，so happy do the children feel that they are wild with joy.5．—It's nice.Never before have I had such a special drink!—I'm glad you like it.6．—I like this dress better than that one.—So do I，but it costs almost twice as much.7．I don't think he is the right person to do that job，is he?8．Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to cancel the football match.9．As is known to us，it was 100 years ago that Tsinghua University was founded.10．A bit more effort，I think，and you will settle the problem.11．How/Why is it that he is not so friendly as he used to be?12．It is Mary and James that/who are getting married and it is I who am (be) going to be their bridesmaid.13．On the top of the hill stands (stand) a temple where the old man once lived.14．More than one doctor was (be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.15．It is reported that many a new house is being built (build) at present in the disaster area in Gansu Province.16．—She suggested the number of cars should be limited to stop air pollution.—Good as/though it sounds，the idea is not very practical.17．It's not what you love in your life but what you have in your life that matters.18．Not only do the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.19．Try hard as/though I might，I can attach no definite meaning to this rather grand sentence.20．On the other side of the harbor lies (lie) another must­visit spot，the Taronge Park Zoo.Ⅱ.语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．As is known to all，the world population is growing day by day. So enough fresh water 2.is needed (need) to feed such a large population.What's more，with industry developing rapidly，poisonous gases and waters 3.are(be) produced，consequently resulting in the pollution of water.4.Though fresh，a good amount of water can no longer be used.Only then 5.did we realize the importance of fresh water.So it's high time 6.that we human beings 7.took (take) action to protect water resource.Stop polluting water，8.otherwise we wouldn't be living in the world.9.What a terrible scene we would be faced with!Only with fresh water 10.can the world be prosperous.