高考英语二轮复习考点练习考点15非谓语动词（二） (含解析)

这是一份高考英语二轮复习考点练习考点15非谓语动词（二） (含解析)，共15页。试卷主要包含了非谓语动词作定语，非谓语动词作主语和表语，基础过关，能力提升，体验真题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点15 非谓语动词（二） 高考频度：★★★★★ 考向四 非谓语动词作定语1）   不定式作定语不定式作定语表示未做的事情。The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）（1）不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。☞Do you have anything else to say?（2）如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。☞I need a pen to write with.  (I will write with the pen ) 我需要一支钢笔写字。☞I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) 我有一个婴儿要照看。2）V-ing形式作定语1. 单独作定语，常放在被修饰的名词之前。touching story /coming week /skilled worker / armed forces / boiled waterBarking dogs seldom bite.  乱叫的狗不咬人。但某些V-ing（如concerned关切的/有关的，used旧的/用过的，given特定的/给予的，involved复杂的/涉及的）置于名词前后其意义不同。 ☛a concerned look/the students concerned/☛a used car/the textbook used.2. V-ing作定语，分词应放在被修饰的名词之后；表示正在进行的动作时,变为从句时要用进行时态和表示经常性的动作或现在的状态时，变为从句时要用一般时态；同被修辞的词（先行词）有逻辑上的主谓关系，在意义上相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。☛Who is the man standing （= who is standing） by the door?   站在门边的人是谁。☛They built a highway leading （= that/which leads） into the mountains. 一条通往山里的高速路。3.V-ing作定语时，分词应放在被修饰的名词之后；表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前/不确定；同被修辞的词（先行词）有逻辑上的动宾关系，在意义上相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。☛The meeting held（=that/which was held） last week is very important. 上周举行的回忆是非常重要的。4. 其他应注意：① 若表示的动作此刻正在进行或同时进行，可用被动语态的进行时态（现在分词的被动语态）表示。☛We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须保守正在讨论的事情。② 若表示的是一个未来的动作，可用不定式的被动语态表示。Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. 请告诉我在下次会议上讨论的主题。③ V-ing还可作非限制性定语（相当于非限制性定语从句），此时须和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，试比较：☛All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists.=All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists.居住在上海的所有兄弟是科学家。 ④ V-ing短语作定语时，表示的动作不能先于谓语动作，也不可表示将来；一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，故下列句子是错的：☛Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. （应改为who has come from Beijing） 他是来自北京的李先生。☛Those having finished their work can go home now. （应改为who have finished）已经完成家庭作业的现在可以回家。⑤ 系动词的-ing形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示。☛Those being busy don’t have to go. （应改为Those who are busy don’t have to go.）正在忙的人不必离开。⑥ 不及物动词的V-ing不可用作后置定语，若要表示这个意思要用从句。☛The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. （应改为which/that died） 前天死在公园的狮子是头母狮。3) V-ed形式作定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两种情况。 1．前置定语 单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。由及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，表示＂被动和完成＂含义，或只具有＂被动＂含义；由不及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，只表＂完成＂含义。（1）被动和完成含义： ☞We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。（2）被动含义： ☞She is a respected teacher.她是一位受人尊敬的老师。（3）完成含义： ☞They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。2.后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 ☞This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (＝that has ever been written).   这将是这类小说中写得最好的。 ☞Who were the so­called guests invited (＝who had been invited) to your party last night？   昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？ ☞Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.   昨天我买了一本外语教学与研究出版社出版的书。【易混辨析】(1)过去分词如果表示一种强烈的动作含义，单独使用也可以放在名词的后面。  ☞The experience gained will be of great value to us.  取得的经验对我们很有价值。☞By the end of the year，the total money collected had come to 92 million dollars，  all of which were sent to Africa.  到年底为止，筹集到的全部资金达到了9,200多万元，所有这些钱全都送往非洲了。 (2)由过去分词构成的合成词也可作定语。☞The air-conditioned rooms are very comfortable in hot summer.  在炎热的夏天，装空调的房间非常舒服。☞The newly-built building is our office building.  这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。(3)过去分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。☞The funds (which/that have been) raised are mainly used for helping the homeless.  筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。☞This book，(which is)written in simple English，is suitable for beginners to read.  这本书是使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。☞The concert (which/that was) given by their friends was a success.  他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。 ☞The meeting，(which was) attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the   great hero.  他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。(4)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽  不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人有关。☞The boy looked up with a pleased expression.那男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。☞He spoke with a frightened look.他说话时显得非常恐惧。                              【易混辨析】(1)动名词作定语，说明所修饰的名词的用途。  ☞No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准大声说话。  ☞There is a swimming pool in our school.我们学校有一个游泳池。(2)现在分词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 ☞He is a promising young man.他是一个很有前途的青年。 ☞Do you know the woman(who is)sitting at the end of the room？    你认识坐在房间后面的那位妇女吗？ ☞We must keep a secret of the things (which/that are) being discussed now.    对于现在所讨论的事情，我们必须保守秘密。(3)不定式作定语，位于所修饰的词后，通常表示将来发生的动作。当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能采用不定式作后置定语。此外，作定语的不定式与所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的＂主谓＂、＂动宾＂或＂同位＂三种关系。如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。  ☞Our monitor is the first to arrive.我们的班长是第一个到达的人。(主谓关系) ☞The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is of great importance.    明天会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。(动宾关系)☞I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。(动宾关系) ☞Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.    他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊。(同位关系)☞They have no happiness to speak of.他们没有什么幸福可言。                       1.（（2020·新课标I卷短文改错））I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.【答案】 frying改为fried【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。2.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.【答案】marked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。考向五 非谓语动词作主语和表语1）不定式作主语谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。It took us two hours to finish the job.（1）其他系动词如look，appear等也可用于此句型。（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is ...to...句型。试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）     （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb to do sth结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of，否则用 for。2）v-ing作主语1. 谓语动词应用第三人称单数。Seeing is believing.  眼见为实。3. 作主语动名词与不定式的区别：① 动名词作主语表示抽象的动作，不与特定的动作执行者有关；不定式作主语表示具体的动作或行为，与特定的动作执行者有关。☛He realized that to go on like this was no use.（具体） 他意识到像这样继续没用。☛It’s no use crying over split milk.（抽象）    因抛洒的牛奶哭泣没用。3）. 作表语（1）V-ing 作表语用来解释说明主语的内容。☛Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是建房子。（2）V-ing与不定式作表语的区别：V-ing作表语表示抽象的行为,习惯；不定式作表语表示具体的特别是动作。☛My favourite sport is swimming.     ☞Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。☞His ambition is to go to Harvard University.他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。3．下列句型中常用动名词作主语：☞It’s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。 (2018·北京卷·单项填空） _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. Travel          B. Traveling   C. Having traveled        D. Traveled【答案】B【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。  题组一 基础过关1.Sherry used a piece of bread _______________ (tempt) the rat into her trap.2.________ (accommodate) the growing number of patients, the clinic has had to extend its service from five days to seven days a week.3.More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced __________ (raise) people's concern over food safety.4.George Gould visited the tomb, only ___________ (catch) a high fever the next day.5.In fact, women are less likely __________ (have) high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.6.The main road ______________ (build) next week is beneficial to our life.7.This is the only way he thought of _________ (solve) the challenging task.8.I couldn't afford ________（buy）these books, so I borrowed them from the library.9.We think it no good ________(talk) about the topic any more.10.Tom's ________ (punish) by the teacher made him feel lucky.11.Children _________ (expose) to difficult situations are better at handling those tasks.12.Little Tom admitted __________(cheat) in the examination.13.Generally speaking, I can't stand __________(sit) and doing nothing .14.He became addicted to ________(take) drugs when he was young.15.Every time you feel like __________(smoke) a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.16.With living standards improving, we should now also attach importance to ________ (have) a balanced diet.17.In Thailand and other parts of South-East Asia, the normal greeting is a slight bow with the hands __________ (press) together.18.When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely_______ (absorb) in a magazine.19.The Internet keeps us _______________ (inform) of what is going on in the world.20.____________(found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.题组二 能力提升 非谓语动词专项综合训练（本题共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one __1_______(love) her．One day, _2_________(feel) very sad and lonely, she was walking through a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly ___3_________(catch) in a bush．The young girl carefully released the butterfly.Instead of ____4________(fly) away , the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.“In return for your wonderful kindness，” the good fairy said to the girl, “I will give you any wish that you would like __5______( get ).” The little girl thought for a moment and then replied, “I want to be happy.”Leaning toward her, the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.With the little girl __6_______(grow) up, there was no one in the land happier than she was.Everyone wanted to make themselves ____7_______(tell) the secret of happiness by her.She would only smile and answer, “The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl.”When she was dying，the neighbors all gathered around her, ___8_______（fear） that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her.So they begged her ____9______(tell) them what the good fairy said.The lovely old woman simply smiled, ____10______(say), “She told me that everyone, no matter how old or young, how rich or poor, had need of me.”题组三 体验真题 1.（（2020·新课标I卷短文改错））I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.2. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They represent the earth  63．  (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.3.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.4. 【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___a__ joke.5.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.the future.A. Learn B. LearnedC. Learning D. Having learned7.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.8.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. Travel      B. Traveling      C. Having traveled      D. Traveled 题组一 基础过关1.【答案】to tempt【解析】考查固定句型。句意：雪莉用一片面包引诱老鼠进入她的陷阱。use...to do sth.用......做某事，为固定句型，故填to tempt.2.【答案】To accommodate【解析】句意：为了容纳越来越多的病人，这家诊所不得不把服务时间从每周5天延长到7天。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填To accommodate.3.【答案】to raise【解析】考查不定式。句意：政府官员表示将会制作更多的电视节目，来提高人们对食品安全问题的关注。分析句意可知，此处需要用动词不定式表示目的。故填to raise.4.【答案】to catch【解析】句意：George Gould参观了墓地，结果第二天就发高烧了。根据句意，这里是(only)to do 表示结果状语从句，位于主语后面。故填to catch .5.【答案】to have【解析】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：​事实上，女性患高血压或死于心脏病的可能性更小。be likely to do sth.“可能会做某事”，固定短语，故填to have.6.【答案】to be built【解析】考查不定式的被动式。句意：下周将要被建的这条主路有益于我们的生活。根据句中的时间状语next week确定，本空用不定式表示将要发生的动作，build与road之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故本空用不定式的被动式to be built，故填to be built.7.【答案】to solve【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。分析句子结构可知，he thought of是定语从句，修饰名词way，________ (solve)  the challenging task是目的状语，应用动词不定式，故填to solve.8.【答案】to buy【解析】句意：我买不起这些书，所以我从图书馆借了。 afford to do支付得起，买得起，为固定搭配，故填 to buy.【答案】talking【解析】考9.查非谓语动词。句意：我们认为再谈论这个话题没有好处。根据句子结构，本题中it作形式宾语，动词talk引导的部分作句子真正的宾语，因此应用动名词形式talking.故填talking.10.【答案】not being punished/not having been punished【解析】考查动名词。根据句子分析可知，本空是句子的主语，要用动词的动名词形式，动词punish和它的逻辑主语Tom是动宾关系，要使用动名词的被动形式，要是考虑已经被处罚过了，也可以使用动名词的完成被动式，结合句意“使他感到幸运”的应该是“汤姆没有被处罚”，动名词要使用否定形式，not置于动名词最前面，故填not being punished/not having been punished.11.【答案】exposed【解析】考查过去分词。句意：接触不同困难处境的孩子更善于处理那些任务。由题干可知，这里的动词 expose作后置定语修饰前面的名词Children，两者之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语修饰名词Children。故填exposed.12.【答案】cheating/having cheated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小汤姆承认考试作弊了。动词admit表示“承认”，后面接动名词作宾语，故本空可填cheating；根据句意，cheat这一动作发生在谓语动词admitted的动作之前，所以本空也可用-ing的完成式。故填cheating/having cheated.13.【答案】sitting【解析】考查动名词。句意：一般情况下，我不能忍受坐着，什么也不做。can't stand doing sth.无法忍受做某事，固定搭配。故填sitting.14.【答案】taking【解析】考查动名词。句意：当他年轻的时候，他吸毒成瘾。become addicted to是固定搭配，意思是成瘾，沉溺于，to是介词，后面加动名词做宾语，故填taking.15.【答案】smoking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：每当你想抽烟的时候，提醒自己你是一个不抽烟的人。feel like doing sth.想要做某事，固定短语。smoke抽烟，动词原形；smoking动名词。故填smoking.16.【答案】having【解析】考查动名词。此处to是介词，所以空处动词需用动名词作宾语，attach importance to doing sth.对做某事重视。故填having.17.【答案】pressed【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：在泰国和东南亚其他地区，通常的问候是双手合十的轻微鞠躬。with复合结构：with+名词+分词，hands和press之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动，故填pressed.18.【答案】absorbed【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。be absorbed  in全神贯注于，专心致志于,固定短语，空处逻辑主语是my father,过去分词作状语。absorb动词，过去分词形式absorbed.故填absorbed.19.【答案】informed【解析】考查过去分词。句意：互联网让我们知道世界上正发生什么事。keep sb. +过去分词，使某人被……，结合题意可知是informed，使某人被告知。故填informed.20.【答案】Founded【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：建立于20世纪初期，这所学校不断激发孩子们对艺术的热爱。根据句意及句子结构，the school与found之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应使用过去分词作状语。found建立，动词原形；founded过去分词。置于句首需大写单词首字母。故填Founded.题组二 能力提升 1.【答案】to love【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：有一个很棒的故事，关于一个年轻的女孩，她没有家人，也没有人爱她。动词不定式作定语，放在先行词no one后，此时先行词no one 与不定式to love 逻辑上是主谓关系。故填to love.2.【答案】feeling【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：有一天，由于感觉很伤心很孤独，她穿过一片草原。在此句中was walking是谓语，feel very sad and lonely就是非谓语部分，she 和feel是逻辑上的主谓关系，应该用现在分词。故填feeling.3.【答案】caught【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：她在穿过一片草地的时候，她注意到一只小蝴蝶被困在在灌木丛中。固定短语notice sth done ，a butterfly与catch在逻辑上是动宾关系，用过去分词作宾补。故填caught.4.【答案】flying【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：小蝴蝶不是飞走了，而是变成了一个美丽的仙女。介词后面用动名词形式。故填flying.5.【答案】to get【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：我会给你任何你想得到的愿望。固定搭配would like to do sth想要做某事。故填to get.6.【答案】growing【解析】此题考查非谓语动词和with短语的复合结构。句意：随着小女孩长大，这片土地上没有人比她更快乐。本题后面是一个with的复合结构，宾语是the little girl，其与grow之间是主谓关系，所以空处需用现在分词growing作宾补。故填growing.7.【答案】told【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：每个人都想让她告诉自己幸福的秘密。 空格处在句子中做宾语补足语，tell和themselves是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动，故填told.8.【答案】fearing【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：当她快死的时候，邻居们都围在她身边，害怕她难以置信的幸福秘密会和她一起死去。主语neighbors与fear是逻辑的主谓关系，用现在分词形式作状语。故填fearing.9.【答案】to tell【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意： 所以他们求她告诉他们好仙女说了什么。固定搭配短语beg sb to do sth乞求某人做某事。故填to tell.10【答案】saying【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：这位可爱的老妇人只是笑了笑，同时说，“她告诉我，每个人，无论多大或多小，多么富有或贫穷，都需要我。”现在分词表示和谓语同时发生的动作，作伴随状语。故填saying.题组三 体验真题 1.【答案】 frying改为fried【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。2.【答案】coming【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。3.【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。4.【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。5.【答案】marked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。6.【答案】C【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语，故选C。7.【答案】to get【解析】考查非谓语。 句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes time to do sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用how long 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to get。8.【答案】B【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。