译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit3预习新知早知道1课件+学案

Ⅰ.匹配词义

A．单词匹配

1．physician　　 A．adv. 最终；根本上

2．specialize B．n. 病毒；(计算机程序中的)病毒

3．contract   C．vi.& vt. 奋力对付，努力处理；摔跤

4．virus D．n. 医师，内科医生

5．identify   E．adj. 反常的，畸形的

6．delete   F．vt. 感染(疾病)；与……订立合同

 (或契约) n. 合同，合约

7．ultimately   G．n. 抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗

8．abnormal   H．vi. 专门研究(或从事)，专攻

9．resistance   I．vt.删去，删除

10．wrestle   J．vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，

 说明身份

[答案]　1－5　DHFBJ　6－10　IAEGC

B．短语匹配

1．depend on　　　　 A．一系列……

2．relate to... B．理解；想出；计算出

3．a wide range of   C．努力处理，全力解决

4．prohibit sb.from doing sth. D．毫无疑问，的确

5．wrestle with   E．放在正确位置，准备妥当

6．figure out   F．禁止某人做某事

7．put sth.in place   G．高龄

8．out of control   H．依靠；依赖

9．without doubt   I．失控

10．a ripe old age   J．和……有关联；和……合得来

[答案]　1－5　HJAFC　6－10　BEIDG

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．surgeon  n. 外科医生

2．affect vt. 影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动

3．means n. 方法，方式；财富，钱财

4．restore vt. 恢复；修复；使复原，使复位

5．fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的 n. 基本规律，根本法则，基础

6．arise vi. 发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生

7．restrict vt. 限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束

8．prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能

9．characteristic n. 特征，特点adj. 典型的，独特的

10．debate vt.& vi. 讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n. 讨论，争论；辩论

Ⅰ.语境填空

dentist；affect；contract；identify；means；restore；fundamental；characteristic；wrestle；debate

1．Passengers were asked to identify their own suitcases before they were put on the plane.

2．We all urge sticking to the four fundamental principles.

3．All possible means have been tried，but none has worked.

4．The dentist may decide that the wisdom teeth need to be extracted.

5．She had spent the whole weekend wrestling with the problem so she looked tired.

6．The details of the contract are still being negotiated.

7．The measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy.

8．The warming of the Earth and the consequent climatic changes affect us all.

9．Windmills are a characteristic feature of the Mallorcan landscape.

10．Read the following tips for organizing an informal class debate．

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．The bakers specialize (special)in providing for large parties.

2．There has been a lot of resistance (resist)to this new law.

3．Ultimately (ultimate)，you'll have to make the decision yourself.

4．At one time，she is fine，but at another，she is abnormal(normal)．

1．Thank you all for coming to this lecture.

谢谢大家来听这个讲座。

2．Some people，for example，carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus or develop a particular form of cancer.

例如，有些人携带一种基因，使他们更容易感染某种病毒或患上某种癌症。

3．Genome editing，serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases，will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.

基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的一种新武器，将使我们的医疗保健方式发生根本性变化。

4．Despite the public argument over this technology，its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond.

尽管公众对这项技术争论不休，但它的可能性已经在整个医学界内外引起了极大的兴奋。

词语助读

①gene n. 基因

②game­changing adj. 改变游戏规则的(指彻底改变事态发展的)

③genome n. 基因组，染色体组

④cell n. 细胞

⑤being n. 生物；存在；身心

⑥lifespan n. 寿命，有效期

⑦affect vt. 影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动

⑧contract vt. 感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n. 合同，合约

⑨virus n. 病毒；(计算机程序中的)病毒

⑩cancer n. 癌症；邪恶，毒瘤

⑪identify  vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份

⑫means n. (pl.means)方法，方式；财富，钱财

⑬delete vt. 删去，删除

⑭specific adj. 明确的，具体的；特定的

⑮restore vt. 恢复；修复；使复原，使复位

⑯vision n. 远见卓识；视力，视野；想象

⑰ultimately adv. 最终；根本上

⑱abnormal adj. 反常的，畸形的

⑲weapon n. 武器，手段；兵器

⑳fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的 n. 基本规律，根本法则，基础

pace  n. 发生的速度，节奏；步速；快节奏

vi.& vt. 来回踱步，走来走去；确定速度，调整节奏

arise vi. (arose，arisen)发生，出现；(由……)引起，产生

restrict vt. 限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束

prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能

prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事

enhance vt. 提高，增强

resistance n. 抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗

flu n. 流行性感冒，流感

select vt. 选择；挑选；选拔

characteristic n. 特征，特点adj. 典型的，独特的

consequence n. 结果；后果

wrestle vi.& vt. 奋力对付，努力处理；摔跤

wrestle with努力处理，全力解决

moral adj. 道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n. 品行，道德；寓意

issue n. 重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期   vt. 宣布，公布

put sth.in place 放在正确位置，准备妥当

debate vt.& vi. 讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n. 讨论，争论；辩论

without doubt 毫无疑问，的确

课本原文

The future is in our genes①

Good afternoon，ladies and gentlemen.Thank you all for coming to this lecture.Over the course of my career，I have seen many wonderful scientific developments，but none are as game­changing② as genome③ editing.I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and I hope to share my excitement with you today.

As many of you may already know，genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. [1] Everything from the colour of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on genes.The complete set of genes inside a cell④ or a living being⑤ is called a genome.Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop. [2] It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan⑥ and affects⑦ our chances of contracting⑧ certain diseases.Some people，for example，carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus⑨ or develop a particular form of cancer⑩.

[1]As many of you may already know是由as引导的非限制性定语从句。

[2]过去分词短语needed to make us grow and develop作后置定语，修饰information。

Geneticists have been trying to identify⑪ which genes relate to which diseases，as they believe genome editing is an effective means⑫ of disease treatment and prevention. [3] It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome，by correcting，adding，deleting⑬ or replacing specific⑭ parts of the genetic material. [4] In the near future，geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems.Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore⑮ a blind person's vision⑯ or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.Ultimately⑰，this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal⑱ genes early on. [5] Genome editing，serving as a new weapon⑲ in the fight against diseases，will lead to a fundamental⑳ change in our approach to health care.

[3]宾语从句which genes relate to which diseases作identify的宾语，逗号后面是as引导的原因状语从句，从句中genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention是省略that的宾语从句。

[4]现在分词短语correcting，adding，deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material作方式状语。

[5]it在句中作形式宾语，不定式短语 to prevent diseases from ever developing作真正的宾语；动名词短语correcting abnormal genes early on作介词by的宾语。

As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace㉑，however，questions arise㉒ about how to use it appropriately. [6] Should we restrict㉓ our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases? Should we prohibit㉔ geneticists from using it to enhance㉕ healthy bodies? One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance㉖ to colds and flus㉗，to make people taller，to help their muscles develop faster，to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent. [7] We will also be able to select㉘ specific characteristics㉙ for children before they are born，creating what some have called “designer babies”．[8] However，is this a good thing? What consequences㉚ might it have? Philosophers，geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle㉛ with such moral㉜ issues㉝.We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild.This means putting appropriate controls in place㉞ to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage.Without them，genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.

[6]as引导时间状语从句，how to use it appropriately作介词about的宾语。

[7]句中or连接5个不定式短语作目的状语。

[8]before they are born是时间状语从句，现在分词短语creating what some have called “designer babies”作结果状语，其中what some have called “designer babies”是宾语从句。

There is still much to be explored and debated㉟ on the subject of genome editing.Despite the public argument over this technology，its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond.Without doubt㊱，genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.Thank you for listening.

译文参考

未来取决于我们的基因

女士们，先生们，下午好。谢谢大家来听这个讲座。在我的职业生涯中，我见证了许多了不起的科学发展，但没有一个能像基因组编辑那样改变游戏规则。我对这一科学进步所带来的可能性充满了兴奋，我希望今天能与你们分享我的兴奋。

你们中的很多人可能已经知道，基因在塑造我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用。从眼睛的颜色到我们的数学天赋，一切都取决于基因。细胞或生物体内的整套基因被称为基因组。我们自己的个人基因组携带着使我们成长和发展所需的所有信息。它(基因组)还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。例如，有些人携带一种基因，使他们更容易感染某种病毒或患上某种癌症。

遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。它允许遗传学家通过纠正、增加、删除或替换遗传物质的特定部分对基因组进行修改。在不久的将来，遗传学家希望将这项技术应用于治疗广泛的健康问题。也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力。最终，这项新技术甚至通过早期纠正异常基因使预防疾病的发展成为可能。基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的一种新武器，将使我们的医疗保健方式发生根本性变化。

然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。我们是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面？我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它(基因组编辑技术)来使健康的身体更加强健？不久的将来，我们将能够使用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗力，使人长得更高，帮助他们的肌肉更快地发育，使他们所有的感官更加敏锐，或使他们更加聪明。我们也将能够在孩子出生前为他们选择特定的特征，创造一些被称为“设计婴儿”的东西。然而，这是一件好事吗？会有什么后果呢？哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力解决这样的道德问题。我们必须弄清楚如何防止该技术失控。这意味着适当的管制要准备到位，以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利。如果没有他们，基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。

在基因组编辑这个问题上还有很多有待探索和争论的地方。尽管公众对这项技术争论不休，但它的可能性已经在整个医学界内外引起了极大的兴奋。毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的创新之一。谢谢大家的聆听。