译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT1泛读技能初养成课件+学案

阅读“Extended reading”中的材料，选出最佳选项

1．Why the lecture mentioned a ship without an anchor?

A．To stress the importance of processes．

B．To stress the importance of responsibility．

C．To stress the importance of successes．

D．To stress the importance of failures．

2．According to the passage，which does not belong to the meaning of taking responsibility for students' studies?

A．To practice the virtue of courage．

B．To meet deadlines for your homework．

C．To follow your teachers' guidance．

D．To aim for academic excellence．

[答案]　1—2　BA

Words and Phrases

知识要点1　resign vt．&vi．辞职，辞去

(教材原句P6)Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to China to work at Jilin University in Changchun．

最终，他辞去了在英国的职位，回到中国长春的吉林大学工作。

[例]　Somebody in the know told me he's going to resign．

有知情者告诉我他要辞职了。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①He had resigned himself to watching(watch) the European Championships on television．

②He resigned as Home Secretary and returned to the back benches．

③There were calls for her resignation(resign) from the board of directors．

知识要点2　guilty adj．感到内疚，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的

(教材原句P7)I was feeling guilty because I was cheating my fans．

我很内疚，因为我欺骗了我的粉丝。

[例]　The jury found the defendant not guilty of the offence．

陪审团裁决被告无罪。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①He was found guilty of handling stolen goods．

②She feels guilty about spending less time lately with her two kids．

知识要点3　ashamed adj．惭愧，羞愧，尴尬

(教材原句P7)I was so ashamed of myself．

我为自己感到羞愧。

[例]　His daughter looked such a mess that he was ashamed of her．

他为女儿的邋遢样子感到羞愧。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①She was ashamed of having failed/failing(fail) in the examination．

②She was ashamed to tell(tell) anyone that she had fallen in love with him．

③It is a shame that you can't stay with us．

[小片段填空]

Didn't you feel ashamed of yourself when you did the shameful thing！What a shame that you should be such a cruel man！(shame)

知识要点4　forgive vt．&vi．原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)

(教材原句P7)I hope my fans can forgive me．

我希望我的粉丝们能原谅我。

[例]　I'd never forgive myself if she heard the truth from someone else．

如果她从别人那里听到了真相，我永远不会原谅自己。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①Forgive me for interrupting(interrupt)，but I really don't agree with that．

②Would they forgive and forget(他们会既往不咎) or show him the door?

③They went down on their knees and begged for forgiveness (forgive)．

知识要点5　disappointed adj．失望的，沮丧的

(教材原句P8)Frankly speaking，I was disappointed but I smiled as broadly as I could．

说实话，我有些失望，但我还是尽量让自己笑容满面。

[例]　He was disappointed to see she wasn't at the party．

看到她没来参加晚会，他感到很失望。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①The outcome of the court case was disappointing(disappoint) for the family involved．

②To our great disappointment(disappoint)，it rained every day of the trip．

[小片段填空]

The boy was disappointed at the disappointing news．To his disappointment，he could not go on the journey．(disappoint)

知识要点6　pretend vi．&vt．假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为

(教材原句P8)Then I walked away，pretending not to have heard anything．

然后我走开了，假装什么也没听到。

[例]　He pretended to his family that everything was fine．

他对家人佯称一切都好。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①She pretended to be studying(study) when his mother came back．

②The boy pretended to have fallen(fall) asleep when his father came back．

③He pretended to be a reporter(他自称是记者) and managed to get in．

知识要点7　mercy n．仁慈，宽恕

(教材原句P11)A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds．．．

没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布……

[例]　After the boat's motor failed，they were at the mercy of the weather．

船的马达坏了，他们只能听命于天气了。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①He showed mercy to the thief and let him go．

②You tell me what I need to know and I'll be merciful(mercy)．

③Fishermen are always at the mercy of the force of nature(任由自然力量的摆布)．

知识要点8　discouraged adj．灰心的

(教材原句P12)However，the boy was not discouraged，believing that he could made a difference to the ones that he saved．

然而，男孩并没有气馁，他相信自己能够改变被他救起的海星。

[例]　Don't be discouraged by the first failure—try again!

不要因第一次失败就灰心丧气——再试一次吧！

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①His parents discouraged him from joining(join) the air force．

②If you meet with any difficulty in your study，don't be discouraged(discourage)．

③I shouldn't have made those discouraging(discourage) remarks．

Sentence Pattern

重点句式　not．．．without．．．

(教材原句P12)A man cannot be perfected without trials．

一个人不经考验是不可能完美的。

句式分析：本句中的not．．．without．．．意为“没有……就不能……”，是一个双重否定结构，表示肯定。双重否定常用not，never，nothing加介词without或具有否定意义的派生词来表示。

[例1]　She never goes anywhere without her laptop computer．

她身边总是带着笔记本电脑。

[例2]　At that moment I knew if I set my mind to something，nothing is impossible．

在那一刻我意识到如果我下定决心做一件事，一切皆有可能。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①Hearing the word，he can not help laughing(laugh)．

②Hard work results in success and you can achieve nothing without making any effort(你没有做出努力就不能实现任何事情)．

③You can not be too careful(你再怎么小心也不过分) while crossing the busy street．

篇章结构题

此类题目能全面地、深层次地考查学生的阅读理解能力。

解题技巧——把脉络看结构

篇章结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开层次所设置的问题。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构；二是按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。设问形式常有：

(1)Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?

(2)Which of the following shows the organization/structure of the (whole) passage?

因此这类题的解题方法也分为两种：

注意：

1．文章的段落组织通常采用“总—分，分—总，总—分—总”的框架。

2．内容的展开则常用以下手法：

(1)时间顺序：按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展情况；

(2)空间顺序：按照事物的空间结构顺序进行描写或说明；

(3)例证关系：列举事物用来论证观点，通常是数据、事例等；

(4)对比或类比关系：这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。

[例文]

Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique，and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare．Zoology，or the study of animals，is a wide field with many specialties，including research，conservation，veterinary(兽医的) medicine，and the care of animals．For people with a love of animals and some training，dreams of careers in zoology may come true．

Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies．These careers may allow those with a good theoretical science background to develop and run studies that improve human understanding of the animal world．Research in zoology can help create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about animal behavior in order to aid in conservation，breeding programs，and habitat preservation．

Careers in zoology that focus on conservation attach great importance to the continued survival and increased protection of animal species．Conservationists may work with political groups or governments to help make laws to protect and preserve animals，or may work in the field gathering information on potential threats to the health of global ecosystems．Some conservationists work in educational fields，trying to improve human efforts to save animals from extinction．

Animals are subject to illness and injury，and some careers in zoology help to create a safe，stable animal population．Veterinary medicine is an important specialty field，and may take several years of intensive training to qualify as a certified veterinarian．While many veterinarians focus on the small­animal practice of domestic pets，vets in rural areas often work with large farm animals and more adventurous veterinarians may work with exotic species in zoos and wildlife preserves．

Humans love to observe animals，and modern­day zoos and wildlife preserves help meet that interest while providing facilities to assist with conservation programs．Zoology careers in zoos can range from overseeing breeding programs，to creating the proper diet for a deer，or to cleaning the tiger's cage．Many volunteer and entry­level jobs are available for people that love animals．

★Which of the following shows the structure of the whole passage?

(P1＝paragraph 1；P2＝paragraph 2；P3＝paragraph 3；P4＝paragraph 4；P5＝paragraph 5)

A　　　　　　　　B

C　　　　　　　　D

A　[通读全文，把握各段大意可知：第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是总述；第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。分析每一段的关系发现：后面四个段落从不同的角度对第一段进行了分述，所以这篇文章是“总—分”结构，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A。]

[即学即练]　

Antarctic animals are exposed to some of the coldest environments on earth．Animals survive in these severe conditions by reducing the percentage of body heat that is lost to the environment．

Many Antarctic animals have either a windproof or waterproof coat．Emperor penguins are a very good example of this．These birds have four layers of scale­like feathers．These layers overlap each other，forming a good protection from the wind，even in snowstorm conditions．

Whales，seals and some penguins have thick fat layers．This is a little like covering yourself in a blanket，but on the inside．In some animals this is even further improved，with the animals selectively able to reduce the blood flow to the fat layers．The further the blood is from the skin surface，the less the heat is lost．Fat layers can also be used as energy reserves，for example，male elephant seals can live off their fat reserves during summer．

The term “extremities” is used to mean any body part that is furthest away from the main body．In humans，our hands and feet count as “extremities”．These are often the first places to feel cold in winter．The same applies to animals．Emperor penguins have very small bills(喙) and feet，which means less blood is required to these areas．

Emperor penguins are highly adapted to cold environments—and as the only warm­blooded animal that produces young penguins during the Antarctic winter，they need to be．In addition to the adaptation described above，emperor penguins also have noses which recover much of the heat lost through breathing．

As with the physical means，emperor penguins have unique behavioral adaptation that enables them to survive the unkind winter．Emperor penguins form large huddles(挤在一起的一群人或东西)．Not only does this share body warmth，but it also shelters many of the penguins from the effects of the wind．Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%．

★Which shows the development of ideas in the passage?

A　　　　　　　　　　B

C　　　　　　　　　　D

I：Introduction

P：Point

Sp：Sub­point(次要点)

C：Conclusion

B　[篇章结构题。第一段是文章的主旨段并引出下文(Introduction)，南极动物通过减少身体热量损失在严寒中生存。下文分为两个要点，即身体上的适应手段physical adaptation(Point 1)和行为上的适应手段behavioral adaptation(Point 2)。第二至五段是Point 1的四个次要点，介绍四种身体上的适应手段——windproof or waterproof coats，thick fat layers，small extremities，emperor penguins' noses；第六段就是Point 2。故选B项。]