译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT1突破语法大冲关课件+学案

状语从句

[观察例句]　

1．Child as she is，she knows a lot of things．

2．He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it．

3．He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him．

4．Where there is water，there is life．

5．He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates．

6．Since you are very busy，I won't trouble you．

[归纳用法]　

由从句充当的状语叫状语从句。状语从句在句子中可修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子。它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。

一、时间状语从句

表示时间的状语从句可由when，as，while，whenever，after，before，till (until)，since，once，as soon as (或the moment)，by the time，no sooner．．．than，hardly

(scarcely)．．．when，every time等引导。

例如：

When I came into the office，the teachers were having a meeting．

当我进入办公室时，老师们正在开会。

He started as soon as he received the news．

他一得到这个消息就出发了。

二、原因状语从句

原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句最常用的连词是because，since，as，now that(既然)等。

例如：

He is disappointed because he hasn't got the position．

因为没有谋到那个职位，他很沮丧。

As it is raining，I will not go out．

因为外面正在下雨，我就不出去了。

Now that you mention it，I do remember．

既然你提到那件事，我一定记住。

三、地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。例如：

Sit wherever you like．随便坐。

Make a mark where you have a question．

在你有疑问的地方做个标记。

[即学即练1]　单句语法填空

①When/While I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend of mine．

②Since no one is against it，let's carry out the plan．

③You'd better not leave the medicine where kids can reach it．

四、目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so，so that(从句谓语常有情态动词)，in order that，in case(以防，以免)等。例如：

Speak clearly so that they may understand you．

说得清楚些以便他们能听懂。

She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons．

她买了这本书，目的是能收看电视课。

He left early in case he should miss the train．

他动身很早以免错过火车。

五、结果状语从句

结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that (从句谓语一般没有情态动词)，so．．．that，such．．．that等引导。 例如：

She was ill，so that she didn't attend the meeting．

她病了，因此她没有参加会议。

He was so excited that he could not say a word．

他激动得说不出话来。

She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her．

她是非常好的一个老师，我们每个人都很尊敬她。

[名师点津]　

1．so．．．that的常用句型

so many/few＋可数名词复数＋that

so much/little＋不可数名词＋that

so＋形容词或副词＋that

so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that

2．such．．．that 的常用句型

such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that

such＋形容词＋不可数名词＋that

3．too．．．to，enough．．．to 引导结果状语可以与so．．．that 替换。这种替换通常须具备两个条件：一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致；二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can(could) not。例如：

She is so young that she can't go to school．

She is too young to go to school．

She isn't old enough to go to school．

六、条件状语从句

1．引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if，unless，so (as) long as，on condition that，so (as) far as等。例如：

You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean．只要你让书保持干净，你就可以借。

[名师点津]　

条件状语从句中的if 不能用whether替换。例如：

If he is not in the office，he must be out for lunch．

如果他没在办公室，那他一定出去吃午饭了。

2．if 和unless的用法区别

if 表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless表示反向的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。例如：

If you've got exams tomorrow，why don't you study?

如果你明天有考试，你为什么不学习？

The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rains．

运动会明天将要开始举行，除非下雨。

3．given(that)，providing，provided (that)，supposing(that)，suppose (that)，as long as，so long as，on condition that 和in case这些连词(词组)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在……条件下”等意思。例如：

All living things respire as long as they live．

所有的生物只要活着都要呼吸。

Supposing (that) you fail a second time，don't get disappointed，but try again．

假如你又一次失败了，不要泄气，再试一次。

[即学即练2]　单句语法填空

①She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time．

②He walked so fast that I couldn't catch up with him．

③You will miss the train if you don't hurry．

七、让步状语从句

让步状语从句可由although，though，as，even if (though)，however，whatever，whether．．．or．．．，no matter who (when，what．．．) 等引导。例如：

Whatever(＝No matter what)you say，I'll never change my mind．

无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。

Although/Though she works very hard，(yet) she makes very slow progress．

尽管她学习很努力，但还是进步不快。

Whenever I'm unhappy(＝No matter when I'm unhappy)，it is my friend who cheers me up．

不管什么时候我不高兴，总是我的朋友给我鼓励。

[名师点津]　

as引导的让步状语从句要倒装，即必须以形容词、名词或动词(原形)等开头，且整个从句位于主句之前；though引导的让步状语从句可倒装，可不倒装；although引导的让步状语从句不倒装。 例如：

Child as/though he is，he knows a lot．尽管他是个孩子，但是他知道的很多。

＝Although he is a child，he knows a lot．

八、方式状语从句

1．方式状语从句常由as，as if (though)，the way，rather than等引导。例如：

You must do the exercise as I show you．

你必须按照我给你做的示范动作来锻炼。

He acted as if nothing had happened．

他表现得好像什么也没发生一样。

2．as和just as用法区别

二者都表示“如……，犹如……，正如……”。just as 比as强调的语气更强。例如：

In the early days，people could not count as we do now．

在早些时候，人们不和我们现在一样能计数。

Most plants need sunlight just as they need water．

大部分植物像它们需要水一样，也需要阳光。

九、比较状语从句

比较状语从句常用than，so (as)．．．as等引导。例如：

I have made a lot more mistakes than you have．

我犯的错误比你多多了。

He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford．

他吸他能买得起的香烟。

十、使用状语从句时要注意的问题

1．在时间和条件(有时也在方式、让步等)状语从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时(表示将来)。例如：

We'll go out if it doesn't rain tomorrow．

如果明天不下雨，我们将出去。

I'll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai．

我一到上海就给你写信。

2．有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句，如果主语与主句主语一致或是it，从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语＋ be”部分。例如：

When (he was) still a boy of ten，he had to work day and night．

在只有十岁的时候，他就不得不日夜工作。

If (you are) asked，you may come in．

如果被叫到，你就可以进来。

If (it is) necessary，I'll explain this problem to you again．

如果有必要，我会再向你解释这个问题。

[即学即练3]　单句语法填空

①I'll get there，even if/though I have to walk．

②It was much better than I'd expected．

Ⅰ．单句语法填空

1．Dr．Bob came to China when he was fifty．

2．Since everyone is here，let's begin our meeting．

3．I like the English people，though I don't like their food．

4．Wherever/No matter where you go，you can see smiling faces．

5．Bill had so many falls that he got black and blue all over．

6．Because we had enough time，we walked to the cinema．

7．We're doing everything we can to make things as easy for you as we can．

8．The meeting became so disordered that the speaker had to shout the audience down．

9．It was much better than I'd expected．

10．Hard as/though he tried，he couldn't force the door open．

Ⅱ．短文语法填空

A great French writer has said that we should help everyone as much as we can 1.because we often need help ourselves.The small even can help the great.About this，he told the 2.following(follow) story.

An ant was drinking by a small river and fell in.She tried her best 3.to reach(reach) the bank，but she could not move at all.The poor ant got too tired but was still doing her best 4.when a big bird saw her.Feeling pity for the ant，the bird threw a piece of wood.With 5.it the ant reached the bank again.6.While she was resting and drying 7.herself(her) in grass she heard a man coming up.He was walking without shoes on his feet and carrying a gun in his hand.As soon as he saw the bird，he wished to kill her，and he would 8.certainly(certain) do so.The ant bit him in one of his feet and the bird flew away at once.It was an animal much 9.weaker(weak) and smaller than the bird herself 10.that had saved her life.