译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT2突破语法大冲关课件+学案

复习定语从句

[观察例句]　

1．The woman who is standing by the classroom is our Chinese teacher．

2．She is looking after the little child whose parents have gone to Singapore．

3．She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood．

4．I shall never forget the day when (on which) we moved into our new flat．

5．Here are such questions as are often asked by the university students．

6．She was fond of dancing，which her husband never was．

[归纳用法]　

定语从句指在主从复合句中用作定语的从句。定语从句通常修饰名词或代词，对它们进行限制、描绘和说明。被定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。根据从句与主句关系的紧密程度，定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

一、关系词的用法

关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，who，whom，whose，which，as。其中 who 和 whom 只用于指人，which和 as 只用于指事物，whose 和 that 既可用于指人也可用于指物，它们在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。关系副词有 when，where 和 why，其中 when 表示时间，where 表示地点，why 表示原因，它们在定语从句中均用作状语。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所指代的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，关系代词并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

This is the book (which/that) you want．

这就是你要的那本书。

Is he the man who/whom/that you want to see?

他就是你想见的人吗？

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down．

那人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

三、关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是指时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

This is the town where I was born．

这就是我出生的城市。

These are the reasons why we do it．

这些就是我们这样做的原因。

There are occasions when (on which) we slipped up．

有时候我们也会出错。

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词＋which”结构，因此常常和“介词＋which”结构换用。例如：

This is the house where/in which I lived two years ago．

这是我两年前住过的房子。

四、限制性和非限制性定语从句

1．定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定作用，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：

This is the house which we bought last month．

这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice．

这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

2．当先行词是专有名词，或由物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：

Charlie Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year．

查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My books，which a short time ago had seemed so tiresome，so heavy to carry，now seemed to me like old friends．

我的书，不久前好像很令人厌烦、拿着很沉，此刻似乎是我的老朋友。

3．非限制性定语从句还能将主句的表语部分或整个主句作为先行词。例如：

He seemed a foreigner，which in fact he was．

他好像是外国人，实际上他就是。

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me．

他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我非常心烦。

Do you remember the day when/on which you joined our club?

还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？

4．as, which引导的非限制性定语从句

在as, which 引导的非限制性定语从句中，as和which都可指代整个主句；as 引导的定语从句可置于主句前、后，而which引导的定语从句通常位于主句后。

As we know，smoking is harmful to one's health．

The sun heats the earth，which/as is very important to us．

五、关系词的选择

一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因，如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。

二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等。如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when，where或why。注意：不要一看到先行词为表示时间、地点或原因的名词，就认为一定要用 when，where，why 来引导定语从句，要注意分清它们在从句充当什么成分。如：

I forget the time when he will come．我忘记了他来的时间。(when 引导定语从句，在从句中用作状语)

I forget the time that he told me．我忘记了他告诉我的时间。(that 引导定语从句，在从句中用作宾语)

三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。注意：不要一看到逗号就认为后面是非限制性定语从句。如：

If you've really said that to her，that will cause real trouble．

六、关系代词的省略

1．在从句中作宾语时

Have you found the book(that/which)you want?

This is the man(who/whom/that)we talked about just now．

2．在从句中作表语时

She is no longer the girl(that)she was ten years ago．

3．在从句中作状语时

I hate the way(that)she always criticizes me．

七、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b)不定代词，如anything，nothing，the one，all，much，few，any，little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c)先行词由the only, the very修饰时，只用that。

d)先行词为序数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。

e)先行词既有人，又有物时，只用that。

[即学即练]　用适当的关系词填空

①You must show my wife the same respect as you show me．

②This is the only one of the students whose handwriting is the best．

③Do you know the reason why she has changed her mind?

④The old man had three sons，all of whom died during World War Ⅱ．

⑤The room where Mr．White lives is not very large．

Ⅰ．单句语法填空

1．He studied hard and later became a well­known writer，as his father expected．

2．I live in the house whose windows face south．

3．The headmaster doubted the reason why I didn't come to school．

4．When he came back from abroad，John told his parents about the cities and the people that he had visited．

5．Morning is the best time that we should make full use of to read aloud．

6．Those who want to go please sign their names here．

7．In order to develop our skills，we should do more such exercises in the future，I think，as we did today．

8．How many students are there in your class whose homes are in the country?

9．The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village．

10．I can't find the house，which my friend lives in．

Ⅱ．短文语法填空

Though I can't remember everything 1.that happened during the time 2.when I was in university，I still remember some people and things 3.that were related to my best friend，4.who used to be monitor in our class.If you want to know who is the lady that I referred to in my diary，I can tell you：it's her，Miss Brown.Here is a story 5.that/which makes me remember Miss Brown until now.

One afternoon，she and I arrived in New York，6.where we would spend our summer holiday together.We went to the biggest bookstore in 7.which there were different kinds of books to be sold.There，she persuaded me to buy a grammar book 8.that/which could offer me knowledge of grammar and a dictionary 9.that/which I could look up the new words in.

Miss Brown also bought the same books 10.as I did.Just when we left the bookstore and were ready to go back to our university，a big man stopped us and robbed me of my necklace.Miss Brown tried her best to help me and lost one of her fingers.