译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT3突破语法大冲关课件+学案

名词性从句

[观察例句]　

1．Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen．

2．The problem is how we can find him．

3．He asked when the train would get in．

4．There is some doubt whether he will come．

[归纳用法]　

名词性从句是指具有名词作用的从句。因为名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，所以名词性从句又分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句四种。

一、主语从句

1．主语从句就是在复合句中用作主语的从句。主语从句的引导词主要有三类：一是that；二是whether；三是那些可以用作疑问词的词语，如what，who，which，when，where，how，why等。如：

That we shall be late is certain．

我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。

What he says is not important．

他说的话并不重要。

How this happened is not clear to anyone．

这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。

Which side wins makes no difference to him．

哪边赢他都无所谓。

2．有时为了避免句子显得“头重脚轻”，可用it作形式主语放在句首，而把主语从句这一真正的主语后置。如：

It's a pity that he didn't come．

很遗憾他没来。

It's not yet known what she did．

她做了什么还不得而知。

It was uncertain whether he could come or not．

他是否会来还不确定。

二、表语从句

1．表语从句就是在复合句中用作表语的从句。一般说来，主语从句的引导词that，what，who，which，when，where，how，why，whether等也可用于引导表语从句。如：

My idea is that we should do it right away．

我的意见是马上就干。

That is what he meant．

这就是他的意思。

The morning is when I'm the busiest．

早上是我最忙的时候。

That's where you are wrong．

这就是你不对的地方。

That's why he didn't come．

这就是他没有来的原因。

2．表语从句还可以用as if，as though，because等来引导。如：

It is because he is too foolish．

那是因为他太愚蠢了。

It looks as if it is going to rain．

看来要下雨了。

三、宾语从句

1．宾语从句就是在复合句中用作宾语的从句。一般说来，主语从句的引导词也可用于引导宾语从句。如：

We believe that he is honest．

我们相信他是诚实的。

She has got what she wanted．

她要的东西得到了。

I haven't decided whether I should go．

我还没决定我是否会去。

I asked how he was getting on．

我问他情况怎样。

He asked me where I was going．

他问我到哪儿去。

Please tell me which you like．

告诉我你喜欢哪一个。

He asked who lived next door．

他问谁住在隔壁。

She asked why he was silent．

她问他为什么一言不发。

2．if与whether：if通常不用于引导主语从句或表语从句；但可以用于引导宾语从句，与whether用法相同，常可互换。如：

I wonder if/whether it's large enough．

不知它是否够大。

She didn't say if/whether he was still alive．

她没说他是否还活着。

但是，当用于介词后引导宾语从句时，只能用whether，不能用if。如：

I worry about whether I am wrong．

我为是否是我错了而忧虑。

3．that的省略：that引导主语从句或表语从句时通常不省略，但引导宾语从句时可以省略。如：

She said (that) she didn't want to know．

她说她不想知道。

I don't think (that) she's interested in it．

我想她对这事没有兴趣。

4．否定转移：当主句主语为第一人称，且谓语动词为think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine等，若其后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句，通常将否定词转移到主句上。如：

I don't think that he will leave．

我认为他不会离开。

I don't believe that it is easy．

我相信这不会容易。

5．介词后也可跟宾语从句，但不用that引导，一般常用wh­引导。

I can't agree with what he said．

我不同意他所说的话。

I worried about whether I hurt her feelings．

我担心我是不是伤了她的感情。

6．一些表示心理感情色彩的形容词，其后也可跟宾语从句，这时的宾语从句一般理解为主句的原因。这类形容词有sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied，sorry等。

I am sure that we will make it in spite of the great trouble．

我确信不管困难多大，我们都会取得成功的。

四、同位语从句

1．所谓同位语，就是指两个同一层次的语言单位组成的结构，它们指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，这时后一语言单位被称为前一语言单位的同位语。所谓同位语从句，就是指名词后对该名词进行解释说明的从句。如：

The judge paid no attention to the fact that she had just lost her husband．

法官毫不关注她刚刚失去丈夫这一事实。

句中的that she had just lost her husband具体说明the fact的内容。

Mary suddenly got the feeling that someone was watching her．

玛丽突然感到有人在看她。

句中的that someone was watching her具体说明the feeling的内容。

英语中只有少数名词可后接同位语从句，比较常见的有belief，doubt，fact，feeling，hope，idea，message，news，opinion等。

2．同位语从句的引导词比较有限，主要是由that引导，有时也可用when，how，where，whether，who等引导，但是不能用if或what来引导。如：

You have no idea how worried I was!

你不知道我有多着急！

He had no idea why she left．

他不知道她为什么离开。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①But our plan is that these girls will apply what they learn to other girls through the power of their voice．

②What made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities．

③The companies are working together to create what will be the best means of transport in the 21st century．

④The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant．

Ⅰ．单句语法填空

1．The countries should work together to find what will be the best approach to treating COVID­19．

2．What his parents really doubt is whether he will devote himself to his study as a college student．

3．Many people think that everyone should be equally paid，and this is where I disagree．

4．Whoever commits a crime can never escape from being punished．

5．We do not know when man first began to use salt，but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout history．

6．On the train ride home，Patty asked her parents which side she was on．

7．He's more a talker than a doer．That is why he never finishes anything．

8．I hold the belief that you can believe in him．

9．Facing so many vegetables，the poor lady had to buy whichever was the cheapest．

10．The humble apartment is where the great writer once lived．

Ⅱ．短文语法填空

New parents are always worried about 1.that they might be making a mistake with their new baby.The baby cries，and they don't know 2.whether/if they should let him cry or pick him up.The baby is sick，and they have no idea 3.what they should do.“Trust 4.yourself(you).You know more than you think you do.” This is 5.what Benjamin Spock wrote in his famous book Dr.Spock 's Baby and Child Care.

Before Dr.Spock's book appeared，experts suggested that parents avoid 6.giving(give) their children too much attention.They told parents to break children's bad habits.7.However，Spock disagreed and decided 8.that he would write a book.In his opinion，it is natural 9.that every baby needs to be smiled at，talked to and played with.He told parents to be natural and enjoy their baby.

There is no doubt 10.that Dr.Spock will be remembered for his common­sense advice.