译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT4突破语法大冲关课件+学案

简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句

[观察例句]　

1．He often reads English in the morning．

2．You help him and he helps you．

3．The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall．

4．The policeman looked at me suspiciously，and asked me what I wanted．

[归纳用法]　

按照句子的结构来分，英语句子有以下四类：

一、简单句

从句子结构上看，有些句子可能有两个或更多的主语，也可能有两个或更多的谓语，只要句子只包含一个主谓结构，这样的句子就是简单句。简单句有8种基本句型。

1．主语＋不及物动词

The wedding day arrived．

婚礼这一天到来了。

2．主语＋连系动词＋表语

He is a good teacher．

他是个好老师。

3．主语＋及物动词＋宾语

They are singing a song．

他们在唱歌。

4．主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

We gave him some money．

我们给了他一些钱。

5．主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补

We found the film very interesting．

我们发现这部电影很有意思。

6．主语＋不及物动词＋状语

Great changes have taken place in my hometown．

我的家乡发生了巨大变化。

7．主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋状语

We study English very hard．

我们努力学习英语。

8．存现句

There are some books on the desk．

课桌上有几本书。

二、并列句

并列句由两个或两个以上的分句构成。其基本结构为：分句＋并列连词＋分句。最常用的并列连词有and，or和but。

There are many idioms used in English and quite a few of them come from Shakespeare's plays．

英语中有许多的习语，其中许多源自莎士比亚的戏剧作品。

He often gets up early，or he will be late for school．

他经常早起，不然就会上学迟到。

并列连词不能和从属连词对应使用。如不可以说：Because．．．so．．．，Although．．．but．．．。

三、复合句

当两个分句不是处于并列地位，而是一种主从关系时，便构成复合句(亦称复杂句)。引导复合句的连词有because，when，where，if，since，that，unless，whose，which，while，what，who，whom，although等。复合句中的从句可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。

1．名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

When we shall have our sports meeting is still a question．(主语从句)

We are discussing where we have our sports meeting．(宾语从句)

The fact that our team won the game is true．(同位语从句)

—Are you still thinking about yesterday's game?

—Oh，that's what makes me feel excited．(表语从句)

2．形容词性从句又叫作定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。引导定语从句的有关系代词that，which，whom，who，whose，as和关系副词when，where，why。

This is the place which/that we visited．

I was the only person in my office who was married．

The exams were put off，which/as was exactly wonderful．

The place where the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross­river traffic is the heaviest．

3．副词性从句也称状语从句，在句子中起状语作用，通常由一个连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较等。状语从句可位于主句前，也可位于主句后。

I had hardly sat down when the telephone rang．(时间)

Since nobody is against the plan，let's begin．(原因)

He sent the letter by airmail in order that it might reach them in good time．(目的)

He didn't stop working though/although he was badly ill．(让步)

四、并列复合句

并列句中的分句含有一个或一个以上的从句时，便成为并列复合句。

Although he studied very hard，he failed in the exam，but we still respected him．

尽管他学习非常刻苦，但考试却失败了，可我们仍然敬佩他。

The team captain jumped for joy，and the fans cheered because we won the state championship．

队长高兴得跳起来，球迷们因我们获得州冠军而欢呼。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Not only did we write to her but we called her up．

②He hasn't any money so I'm going to lend him some．

③The child was sick；he，therefore，didn't go to school．

④Mary was neither happy，nor was she sad．

⑤Put on more clothes，or you'll catch a cold．

Ⅰ．单句语法填空

1．He couldn't know the truth about me，or he wouldn't treat me like this．

2．The bell is ringing and the lesson is over．

3．Although he was ill，still/yet he kept on working．

4．I can't make up my mind whether we will go to Shanghai or we will stay in our city．

5．He doesn't talk much，but he thinks a lot．

6．It must have rained last night for the ground is still wet．

7．The president will visit the town in May，when he will open the new hospital．

8．Jane was dressed in green while Mary was dressed in blue．

9．Either he did not speak distinctly or I did not hear it clearly．

10．However you look at it，it is going to cost a lot．

Ⅱ．短文语法填空

1．How the J Street Band got together is an interesting story．Lead singer Jeremy put the band together．He held a blind audition for interested musicians．It was surprising 2．who/whom he chose．He selected a guitarist who was 70 years old．It made no difference 3．whether he was old or young—the guy rocked!

They play mostly their own songs．Their style of music is unique．Eric is the one who writes the lyrics．In 2013 they had a number one hit．Cheering fans greet them everywhere．Their ability to appeal to mixed audiences is 4．what makes them different．They will start their national tour from San Jose this year．The reason 5．why they go on this tour is 6．that they love the things they do．

It's hard to say 7．what makes a band successful．What matters most is 8．that the fans like the band's songs and style．However，most people don't realize 9．how long musicians work in the shadows before achieving recognition．Both talent and hard work are required if they want to achieve 10．what they dream of．