高考英语三轮冲刺纠错笔记专题10 特殊句式（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

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技巧1. what ,hw 皆感叹,记住结构易区分
The little by came riding full speed dwn the mtrway n his bicycle. _________ dangerus a scene it was! （单句语法填空）
【错因分析】混淆what引导的感叹句和hw引导的感叹句。
【试题解析】句意：那个小男孩骑着自行车沿着机动车道全速而来。多危险的一幕啊！本题考查感叹句。感叹句分为： = 1 \* GB3 ①Hw + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语； = 2 \* GB3 ②What（+a/an）+形容词+单数可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语。
【参考答案】Hw
用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子，叫感叹句。感叹句由what或hw引导，具体用法如下表：
1. ____________ exciting news! We’ve never had ____________ lng vacatin befre.
A. What; such aB. What an; such a
C. Hw; such aD. What; s
2. —Lk! ____________ clean the classrm lks!
—Yes. I’m sure smebdy ____________ it up.
A. What; has cleanedB. Hw; has cleaned
C. What; cleanedD. Hw; cleaned
It culd be anything — gardening, cking, music, sprts — but whatever it is, ____________ (make) sure it’s a relief frm daily stress rather than anther thing t wrry abut.
【试题解析】考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中，whatever引导让步状语从句，其后为祈使句充当主句。
【参考答案】make
祈使句的基本用法
祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语，谓语动词用原形。
1. 肯定的祈使句
①句型：动词原形＋其他成分。
Be careful!小心！
②＂D＋祈使句＂表示一种强烈的感情或请求，d起强调作用。
③please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。
Clse the dr, please. 请关门。
2. 否定的祈使句
①常用句型：Dn’t＋动词原形＋其他成分。
Dn’t be late fr schl again! 别再迟到了！
②用Never开头：Never＋动词原形＋其他成分。
Never leave tday’s wrk fr tmrrw! 不要把今天的工作留到明天！
3. Let引导的祈使句
以Let开头的句子也是祈使句，表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种：或Dn’t...
Let us nt be late. 让我们不要迟到。
Dn’t let the by play ftball in the street. 不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。
祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换
1. ＂Let’s + 动词原形 + 其他＂可转换为＂Shall we + 动词原形 + 其他? ＂。
Let’s g fishing this afternn. =Shall we g fishing this afternn?
2. ＂祈使句 + and/r + 简单句＂可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。
Use yur head, and yu’ll find a way. =If yu use yur head, yu’ll find a way.
Hurry up, r we’ll be late. =If we dn’t hurry up, we’ll be late.
祈使句的应答语
1. 以Let’s开头的祈使句，其答语常用Gd idea. /OK. /Yes, I’d lve t.等。
—Let’s g t the park. 让我们去公园吧。
—Gd idea. 好主意。
2. 其他肯定祈使句的应答语为Yes, I will.；否定祈使句的应答语为Srry/N, I wn’t(d it again).。
—It’s ging t rain. Remember t take an umbrella with yu. 就要下雨了。记着带上雨伞。
—Thanks, I will. 谢谢，我会的。
—Dn’t play with my cat. 不要和我的猫玩。
—Srry, I wn’t d it again. 对不起，我将不再那样做了。
1.（2018·北京卷·单项填空）In any unsafe situatin, simply _________ the buttn and a highly-trained agent will get yu the help yu need.
A. press B. t press C. pressing D. pressed
2. —Mark, please dn’t play basketball n the rad. It’s very dangerus.
—____________. I am ging hme at nce.
A. Have a great timeB. Srry, I wn’t d that
C. I’d like tD. OK, with pleasure
3. ____________ buy yur ticket frm a ticket machine. There are lts f peple there.
A. NtB. Nt t
C. Dn’tD. Dn’t t
4. —Lk at the sign; what des it mean?
—It means＂____________＂.
A. Dn’t talkingB. N talkingC. Nt talk
5. ____________ a dairy every day and yu’ll imprve yur writing.
A. KeepingB. T keep
C. KeepD. If yu keep
6. —Wish yu gd luck in the entrance exam.
—____________. The same t yu.
A. Thank yuB. See yuC. I’m srry t hear that
技巧2.全倒部倒“谓”不同
1. Only with the greatest luck she managed t escape frm the rising fld water. （单句改错）
【错因分析】nly修饰的状语位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
【试题解析】句意：只有拥有极好的运气，她才能从不断上涨的洪水中逃出来。nly位于句首，后接状语时，句子要用部分倒装。
【参考答案】she managed改为did she manage
2. Jane wn’t jin us fr dinner tnight and neither is Tm. （单句改错）
【错因分析】对neither+助动词+主语构成的部分倒装结构的用法掌握不牢。
【试题解析】句意：简今晚不跟我们一起吃饭了，汤姆也不来了。前者的否定情况也适用于后者，用neither/nr+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语结构，前后两句的时态及谓语动词必须一致。
【参考答案】is Tm改为will Tm
3. _______（catch）the mrning train, he wuld nt have been late fr the meeting.（单句语法填空）
【错因分析】从句未使用部分倒装
【试题解析】本题实际上是一个条件句的虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，从句中使用＂过去完成时＂，主句使用情态动词+have dne；当条件句中的if省略的时候，要把had提到主语前，构成部分倒装。
【参考答案】Had he caught
倒装句的种类
英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，这称之为完全倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，这叫做部分倒装。
(1)完全倒装
完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种。
On her left sat her husband. 她左边坐着她丈夫。
Here is the bk yu want. 你要的书在这儿。
Dwn went the small bat. 小船沉下去了。
(2)部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，移至主语之前。
Only by wrking hard can ne succeed. 只有努力才能成功。
Never have I seen her befre. 我以前没见过她。
Well d I remember the day I jined the League. 入团的那一天，我记忆犹新。
Little did I think that he culd be back alive 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
倒装句的重点点击
1. 常见部分倒装结构
含有否定意义的否定词或半否定词包括短语(如never, neither, nr, little, seldm, rarely, hardly, scarcely, few, nt, n, by n means, in n way, at n time等)放在句首时
2. 常见完全倒装结构
There be结构。另外，在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有：exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand, remain等
Neither/nr引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。
She wn’t g. Neither/Nr will I. 她不走，我也不。
I cannt swim. Neither can he. 我不会游泳，他也不会。
注意：如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用＂It is the same with
+主语＂结构或用＂S it is with +主语＂结构。
He wrked hard, but didn’t pass the exam. S it was with his sister. 他很努力，但没有通过考试。他妹妹也是这样。(既有肯定又有否定)
She is a teacher and she enjys teaching. S it is with Mr Li. 她是老师，热爱教书。李先生也是这样。(谓语一个是系动词，一个是行为动词)
⑦其它形式的完全倒装
Present at the meeting are sme well-knwn scientists. 一些知名的科学家出席了会议。(形容词短语在句首)
Such was the stry he tld me. 他给我讲的故事就是这样的。(代词在句首)
First t unfld was the map f the wrld. 首先要打开的是世界地图。(不定式短语在句首)
Gne are the days when he was lked dwn upn. 他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。(过去分词在句首)
Cvering much f the earth’s surface is a blanket f water. 覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。(现在分词短语在句首)
倒装句速记口诀
副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。
nly修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。
否定意义副连词，＂既不…也不＂须倒装。
表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。
such代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。
Nt nly开头句，前一分句须倒装。
had，were，shuld虚拟句，省略if半倒装。
1. I believe that when the pwer f lve vercmes the lve f pwer, ________ then will there be peace in this wrld.
2. Only after Mary read her essay the secnd time ________ she ntice the spelling mistake.
3. Never ________ it realistic fr Eurpe t lay t much hpe n China since the debt prblem will nly be slved by Eurpean cuntries themselves.
4. Only after ne has becme a parent ________ he realize hw great his parents are.
5. He jumped at the pprtunity when he saw the advertisement in a newspaper, because barely ________ (can) he make ends meet.
6. It’s nt what yu have in yur life but ________ yu have in yur life that matters.
7. Wh was it ________ played a trick n the new English teacher?
8. It was what he meant rather than what he said ________ annyed me.
9. —Was it at 11 ’clck ________ yur father came back last night?
—Yes, he is always cming back s late.
10. —What d yu think it is ________ has brught wrldwide attentin t China?
—Rapid and steady ecnmic grwth, f curse.
11. S tuching _______ the sng sund that I culdn’t hld my tears back when I heard it fr the first time. （单句语法填空）
技巧3. 强调句型记心间
1. It was when we were returning hme _________ I realized what a gd feeling it was t have helped smene in truble.
【错因分析】考生容易忽视强调句型的考查点，从而填入其他连接词。
【试题解析】去掉It was和空格后仍然完整，据此判断此处为强调句型。句意：正是在我们回家的时候我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时的感觉是那么好。
【参考答案】that
强调句的两种基本句型
1. It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋原句的剩余部分
被强调的部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it本身没有词义。一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来等各种时态，用It is…that…；如果原句谓语动词是过去范畴的各种时态，则用It was… that…。如果强调的主语为人也可以用wh代替that，强调的宾语为人也可以用wh或whm代替that。
2. 谓语动词的强调
It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词d/des或did。有以下情况：
(1)d用于强调肯定的祈使句以及实义动词为一般现在时的肯定句(主语是第三人称单数改用des)
D sit dwn.务必请坐。
D be careful when yu crss the street. 过马路时，务必(千万)要小心啊！
They d wrk hard at English. 他们对英语的学习确实很努力。
He des send an email t me every day. 他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。
(2)did用于对实义动词为一般过去时肯定句的强调
He did d his hmewrk yesterday. 昨天他确实做了家庭作业。
强调句的重点点击
1. 强调句的变式(一般疑问句形式，特殊疑问句形式和反意疑问句形式)
句式基本特征：Is/Was it +被强调部分+ that…；或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ that…
句式基本特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…? 或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it + be++被强调部分+ that…
句式基本特征：It is/was+被强调部分+that…, isn’t / wasn’t it?
2. 强调句型中的对等结构
在强调句型中，有时强调，nt …but…/…nt…/…rather than …等连接的平行对等结构，此时既要注重对等结构，又要注意主谓一致，属于较复杂的句式。
句式特征为：
It is/was nt…but…that…不是……而是……(that后的动词与but后的名词或代词保持一致)
It is/was…that… nt …是……而不是……
It is /was… nt …that…是……而不是……(that后的动词应与nt前的名词或代词保持一致)
It is/was…rather than…that…是……而不是……(that后的动词应与rather than前的名词或代词保持一致)
1.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）It was nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
2. It might have been Jhn _________ bught a present fr Mary yesterday.
A. that B. when C. what D. which
3. It was evening _________ we reached the little twn f Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. befre
4. It is nt wh is right but what is right _________ is f imprtance.
A. which B. it C. that D. this
5. It _________ we had stayed tgether fr a cuple f weeks _________ I fund we had a lt in cmmn.
A. was until; when B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
6. It was nt until she gt hme _________ Jennifer realized she had lst her keys.
A. when B. that C. where D. befre
7. _________ the catastrphe happened that the lcal gvernment realized the imprtance f substantial develpment.
A. It was until B. Nt until
C. Until D. It was nt until
8. Was it frm the lake _________ he ften went fishing _________ he saved the drwning girl?
A. that; that B. where; where
C. where; that D. that; where
9. I really dn’t knw _________ I had my mney stlen.
A. when was it that B. that it was when
C. where it was that D. it was where that
10. If yu have a jb, _________ yurself t it and finally yu’ll succeed.
A. d devte B. dn’t devte
C. devting D. nt devting
高考真题助你行
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 语法填空
1.（2019﹒天津卷﹒单项填空）The prfessr warned tie students that n n accunt _____________ use mbile phnes in his class.
A. shuld theyB. they shuld
C. dare theyD. they dare
2. Nt until I returned I realize that a quiet twn life was the best fr me.
3. It tk years f wrk (reduce) industrial pllutin and clean the water.
4. It asks yu t act like water: t be flexible as well strng.
5. The (hard) yu try t beat him, the mre likely yu will get hit.
6. G t the village and buy sme salt, but pay a fair price fr it: neither t much t little.
7. They will be as difficult and painful hlding a ht ptat.
8. He lved the 4th wife the mst. He tk great care f her and gave her nthing the best.
9. And I’d like t knw why Chinese peple use chpsticks. nt knives and frks, like Americans?
10. S lng as we have sme, that’s enugh. And we can learn t spend mney.
11. Smetimes hunger hit me s severely I regarded dried sweet ptat slices as delicius snack.
12. N. And that’s nt all. The bus was ne hur late. Wrse , it picked up passengers n the way t ur destinatin.
13. It’s unnecessary and it’s nt imprtant at all. We needn’t care abut it. It is ne’s inner beauty
matters.
14. Yes, but it is nt as easy yu imagine.
15. Chpsticks may be made f any f the fllwing materials: bamb, wd, gld, silver, ivry, r plastic, and they may be rund r square.
= 2 \* ROMAN II. 单项填空
1. ________up, r yu 'll be late fr schl again.
A. T hurryB. Hurry
C. HurryingD. Hurried
2. the suggestins ffered abve, and yu will lk and feel much better in n time at all!
A. FllwingB. Fllwed
C. T fllwD. Fllw
3. —Happy Teachers' Day! Here are sme flwers fr yu.
—_______ beautiful the flwers are! Thank yu.
A. HwB. Hw aC. WhatD. What a
4. _____ useful infrmatin yu gave me! Thank yu very much.
A. WhatB. What a
C. What anD. Hw
5. There, ______Mrs. Smith, shwing her pupils hw t put a lg nt the new trch.
A. was n a platfrm standingB. was standing n a platfrm
C. n a platfrm was standingD. standing n the platfrm was
6. Little that we were watching his every mve， s he seemed t be still ging his wn way.
A. did he realizeB. he realized
C. had he realizedD. he had realized
7. In terms f the effects f the Internet n ur lives, the ways we take advantage f it cunt, _______ ur attitudes.
A. as areB. s d
C. which areD. as d
8. Nt until I went up further ________ that under the tree ________, bviusly sund asleep.
A. that I saw；did a by lieB. I saw；lay a by
C. did I see；did a by lieD. did I see；lay a by
9. It was President Xi Jinping ______ visited the navy trps n April 19 and advcated that naval frce ______.
A. wh；be strengthenedB. that；wuld be strengthened
C. wh；t be strengthenedD. that；must be strengthened
10. Is it he r yu _____ in charge f the jb and suppsed t cmplete it punctually?
A. wh isB. that is
C. wh areD. whm are
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类别
结构
例句
what引导
What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!
What a kind girl (she is)! （她是）一个多么善良的女孩啊！
What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!
What beautiful flwers (they are)! 多么漂亮的花！
What bad weather (it is)! 多么糟糕的天气！
hw引导
Hw + 主语 + 谓语!
Hw time flies! 时间飞逝！
Hw + 形容词/副词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!
Hw brave (the her is)!（这个英雄）真勇敢！
Hw slwly he walks! 他走得多慢啊！
Hw + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!
Hw clever (a by he is)! （他是）一个多么聪明的男孩啊！
感叹句记忆口诀
感叹句，并不难，what与hw应在前。
形容词、副词跟着hw，what后面名词连。
名词若是可数单，前带冠词a或an。
主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见