高考英语三轮冲刺过关预测 04 阅读理解篇之观点态度题 (含解析)

这是一份高考英语三轮冲刺过关预测 04 阅读理解篇之观点态度题 (含解析)，共20页。

预测04 阅读理解篇之观点态度题

预测一 观点态度题是历年高考英语阅读理解占比较小的点，包括观点和态度两个方面，属于深度理解题，重点考察学生们的理解能力以及归纳提炼能力。如下图：

预测二 近几年无论是全国卷还是地方卷中观点态度题出现的频率越来越低，2019年全国各地高考试卷仅有天津卷出现，而2018年仅全国一卷出现过，此类题型在2020年的重要性及权重都将进一步减小，很有可能不出现或最多出现一题。以下为2019天津卷及2018全国一卷的体裁、话题及观点态度题的分布图：




l 观点态度题考查学生把握作者或文中人物的态度，思想倾向，对某个观点是赞成，反对，中立还是犹豫不决;对记述描写的人或事等是赞扬、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨等态度。考生们需要关注文章的字里行间和体现情感态度的修饰词来推断作者及文中人物的态度、思想倾向。
l 对于观点态度类的题目，常常采用关键词句法，首先设定文章或段落的重点内容和中心思想，即：文章或段落的开头或结尾。然后，抓住体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例，同时注意流露作者思想倾向或感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词等关键词。常见的相关词汇如下：

除此之外，同学们在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞，尤其注意那些表达感情色彩的形容词，如improving, encouraging, disappointing等，以及作者对人物语言行为和思想的措词，从中领悟作者的写作态度。


A（2019•天津高考题，B）
I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don’t remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say, "I can’t believe what’s printed in the newspaper this morning," made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.
This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom said," The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf," I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A’s on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.
Yet, now that I’m growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don’t have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.
We’re taught to read because it’s necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I’ve found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.
43. What was the author’s view on factual reading?
A. It would help her update test-taking skills.
B. It would allow much room for free thinking.
C. It would provide true and objective information.
D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.
【答案】43. C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇人生百味类记叙文,作者讲述了自己的读书经历和感悟。
【解析】43. 本题为观点态度题。根据第四段中的"Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A's on my test."可知, 作者认为小学和中学阶段的阅读都是事实性阅读,读书是为了获取知识,考试得A。 因此作者的观点其实是：事实性阅读能够提供真实的客观的信息,故选C.
B（2018•新课标全国卷I，D）
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
32. What does the author think of new devices?
A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old.
C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.
【答案】32. A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章指出纽约罗彻斯特理工学院的Callie Babbitt和她的同事研究证实：旧电子设备要比新设备耗能高，所以作者主张使用新电子设备，既经济又环保。
【解析】32. 观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.可知，使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。
C （2018•北京高考，D）
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
【答案】50. B
【语篇导读】本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。
【解析】50. 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.中的 advancement，move more people, and more affordably.以及plan for it可推知，作者是积极的态度。故选B。
点睛：根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。
D（2018•浙江高考题，C）
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.
【答案】30. C
【语篇导读】 文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。
【解析】
30. 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.和最后一段中的Friedman points out that the green economy（经济） is a chance to keep American strength.可见，Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色经济是保持美国实力的一个机会的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的，故选C。
E（2017•新课标全国卷II，C）
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats， four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000. And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those pilots of larger planes Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.
30. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?
A. Cautious B. Favorable.
C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
【答案】 B
【语篇导读】 这是一篇新闻报道,介绍Terrafugia公司研发的可飞行汽车已经通过第一次试飞并有望明年上市。
【解析】本题为态度观点题。cautious谨慎的 ; favorable支持的; ambiguous模棱两可的; disapproving不赞同的。根据第三段. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.可知政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料来让这种车辆飞行更容易。Transition 现在正在进行碰撞测试来满足联邦安全标准。所以政府的态度是支持的。故选B.


A(2020年河南省六市高考第一次模拟D)
Although there is growing research into the negative effect that screen-based technology can have on well-being(健康), the trick technology companies have somehow played is that they have made it our problem, not theirs. For example, it is ridiculous that we blame young people for being addicted to their apps when the simple truth is that they are designed to be addictive. In the world of apps, addiction is what brings in money.
Whether you run a video service, a news site or a mobile game, certainly your product will have an effect on the mental health of your users - negative or positive. But the sad reality is that if you are not optimizing that effect, it tends to be former. The reason why so much technology doesn’t support well-being was no consideration in its design.
An important area for improvement is notifications(通知). Notifications are a great example of a feature that’s great for the product but bad for the users, since not only do they make us less focused but they also cause anxiety about the things we’ve missed, a symptom of addiction. There is very little good about an inbox icon(收件箱图标)showing a bright red circle with a high number on it. Notifications can be made friendlier by not showing them in real time. One idea is to show the level of unread messages through the weight of the app name. So if you had lots of emails, your Mail app would be very bold(粗体的), but if you didn’t have any, it would be lighter. In this way, less attention will be required.
Though it sounds challenging, finally money will talk. It is possible to make changes to products that don’t damage their primary income models. Changes could be made that help us feel better about ourselves. When a company becomes more well-being-positive, they add a competitive difference and become more attractive.
32. What can be concluded from the first paragraph?
A. Young people can be tricked easily.
B. Screen-based technology is negative.
C. The addiction problem can’t be solved.
D. Tech companies are to blame for addiction.
33. If the users don’t improve the effect on well-being, it tends to be ________.
A. indifferent B. optimistic C. pessimistic D. interesting
34. How can the apps reduce the negative effects according to the author?
A. By removing the inbox icon.
B. By limiting people’s screen time.
C. By making notifications less eye-catching.
D. By informing the users of messages in no time.
35. What does the author think of well-being-positive companies?
A. They will enjoy the benefit finally. B. They will have an uncertain future.
C. They will do good to the minority. D. They will change income models.
【答案】 DCCA
【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文。针对基于屏幕的技术可能会对用户的健康产生负面影响这个现象，作者指出要优化产品的设计并提出了一些改进的建议。作者认为当一个公司变得更加积极乐观时，他们会增加竞争的差异，变得更有吸引力。
【解析】
32. 本题为推理判断题。根据第一段中For example, it is ridiculous that we blame young people for being addicted to their apps when the simple truth is that they are designed to be addictive. In the world of apps, addiction is what brings in money. 例如，我们责怪年轻人沉迷于他们的应用软件是荒谬的，而简单的事实是，软件的设计是让人上瘾的。在应用软件的世界里，上瘾能带来金钱。可知，科技公司是上瘾的罪魁祸首。故选D项。
33. 本题为细节理解题。根据第二段中Whether you run a video service, a news site or a mobile game, certainly your product will have an effect on the mental health of your users - negative or positive. But the sad reality is that if you are not optimizing that effect, it tends to be former. 无论你运行的是视频服务、新闻网站还是手机游戏，你的产品肯定会对你的用户的心理健康产生影响——无论是消极的还是积极的。但可悲的现实是，如果你不优化这种效果，它往往是前者。可知，如果使用者不改善对健康的影响，它往往是悲观的。故选C项。
34. 本题为推理判断题。根据第三段中Notifications are a great example of a feature that’s great for the product but bad for the users, since not only do they make us less focused but they also cause anxiety about the things we’ve missed, a symptom of addiction. There is very little good about an inbox icon(收件箱图标)showing a bright red circle with a high number on it.通知功能是一个很好的例子，它对产品有好处，但对用户有坏处，因为它不仅让我们注意力不集中，还会让我们对错过的东西感到焦虑，这是上瘾的症状。收件箱图标显示一个亮红色的圆圈，上面的数字很高，这没什么好处。可知，作者认为通过降低通知的醒目程度，应用软件可以减少负面影响。故选C项。
35.本题为态度观点题。根据最后一段中When a company becomes more well-being-positive, they add a competitive difference and become more attractive.当一个公司变得更加积极乐观时，他们会增加竞争的差异，变得更有吸引力。可知，作者认为积极向上的公司最终会享受到好处。故选A项。
B (湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测，B)
Go. Stop. Go. Stop. The travel signals in my head were conflicting. “Are you sure you want to head to Greece this November with Kathleen?” asked my husband. “The weather could be unpleasant.”
“You must go,” said my friend Larry, who talked about having spent Thanksgiving on Santorini. “It’s a wonderland. ”
With his encouraging words, I booked our flights to Athens and included two Greek islands: Santorini and Grete.
A sunny Saturday afternoon welcomed us to Eleftherios Venizelos Airport in Athens. During the next few days Kathleen and I tried a lot of unknown-to-us foods. No annoying lines of tourists either as we saw sights on the Athens “A” list.
And then came Wednesday. The flight to Santorini was yo-yoed by wind gusts of up to 40 miles an hour. Fira, usually a much-photographed tourist destination, was chilly, rainy... empty. With rain beating our faces, Kathleen and I headed for our hotel and checked in for a three-night stay.
“This isn’t how I want to spend my holiday,” said Kathleen. “Maybe Crete isn’t experiencing the same storm. Can we fly out later today? ”
Her question mirrored my own thoughts. But we couldn’t leave. We’d just arrived. Payments for the hotel and rental car would be lost, and costly last-minute plane reservations needed. “Let’s not decide right now,” I suggested.
During the next few days, we drove around despite the showers. At a restaurant named Poseidon, on our third night, we waited and waited for dinner. “Your dinner will be out shortly. The chef was busy studying something beautiful,” our waiter explained.
Seeing our puzzled look, the waiter then said, “He went out for a smoke, saw a beautiful girl and began to chat…”
Suddenly, Kathleen laughed. Instead of complaining, she leaned back and out came a loud, happy sound.
An attitude adjustment into grace, I realized, had been happening since our arrival. “You know, Mum, you can’t live a positive life with a negative mind,” she said.
Grace surrounds us. The challenge is to let go of anxieties and worries, the tendency to complain. A sunny attitude can let grace shine.
4. What did the author’s husband think about her trip to Greece?
A. It was pleasant. B. It was ill-advised.
C. It would be costly. D. It would be eye-opening.
5. How were the author’s first few days in Greece?
A. Delightful. B. Busy.
C. Struggling. D. Annoying.
6. Why did the author insist on their staying in Santorini?
A. To wait for sunny days. B. To avoid wasting money.
C. To enjoy the off-season. D. To deeply explore the place.
7. What does the author want to show by telling her experience?
A. The role of grace.
B. The benefits of travelling.
C. The power of positive thinking.
D. The importance of understanding.
【答案】 BABC
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。作者和女儿去希腊旅游，后几天遭遇坏天气，但积极思考让她们摆脱了坏心情。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们：我们不要带着消极的思想过积极的生活，我们所面临的挑战是要放弃焦虑和忧虑，放弃抱怨。阳光的态度可以让优雅发光。
【解析】
4. 本题为观点态度题。根据第一段中的“Are you sure you want to head to Greece this November with Kathleen?” asked my husband. “The weather could be unpleasant.”可知，“你确定今年11月要和凯萨琳一起去希腊吗？”我丈夫问。“天气可能不太好。”由此推知，丈夫认为11月她去希腊旅游的决定是不明智的。故选B。
5. 本题为推理判断题。根据第四段中的A sunny Saturday afternoon welcomed us to Eleftherios Venizelos Airport in Athens. During the next few days Kathleen and I tried a lot of unknown-to-us foods. No annoying lines of tourists either as we saw sights on the Athens “A” list.可知，一个晴朗的周六下午，我们来到了雅典的Eleftherios Venizelos机场。在接下来的几天里，凯萨琳和我尝试了许多不知名的美国食物。当我们看到雅典“A”名单上的景点时，也没有恼人的游客队伍。由此可知，作者和女儿旅游的前几天是愉快的。故选A。
6. 本题为细节理解题。根据第七段中的But we couldn’t leave. We’d just arrived. Payments for the hotel and rental car would be lost, and costly last-minute plane reservations needed.可知，但是我们不能离开。我们刚刚到达。酒店和租车的费用将被取消，最后一刻的昂贵机票预订也将被取消。由此可知，作者坚持呆在Santorini是为了避免浪费钱。故选B。
7. 本题为推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“You know, Mum, you can’t live a positive life with a negative mind,” she said.(“你知道，妈妈，你不可能带着消极的思想过着积极的生活，”她说)及最后一段中的Grace surrounds us. The challenge is to let go of anxieties and worries, the tendency to complain. A sunny attitude can let grace shine.(优雅地包围着我们。我们所面临的挑战是要放弃焦虑和忧虑，放弃抱怨的倾向。一个阳光的态度可以让优雅发光)可知，作者通过自己旅游时遭遇坏天气坏心情，积极思考让女儿和自己高兴的经历，告诉我们积极思考的力量。故选C。
C (2020 年湖南省三湘名校高三第二次大联考，D)
A Dutch company has developed technology to follow the movements and activities of cows. The high-tech system, powered by AI and motion sensors, is called “The Intelligent Dairy Farmer’s Assistant.” The company, Connecterra, launched the system in the United States in December after several years of testing and operations in Europe.
A device is put around the neck of the cow to record its movements. This information is then processed by a computer that uses AI to learn about the animal’s behavior over time. The system can tell farmers what the cow is doing in real time. This information can help predict when cattle get sick, become less productive or are ready for mating.
Richard Watson owns the Seven Oaks Dairy in Waynesboro, Georgia. He was one of the first American farmers to use the high-tech system.
“It can pick up whether the cow is eating, whether it is walking, whether it is drinking, whether it is laying down, standing up.”
Watson said the system is a big help because it is impossible for farmers to keep up with the activities of each cow individually. He added that having a computer identify which of his 2,000 cattle need attention could help improve farm productivity by up to 10 percent. He estimates this difference could greatly increase his profits.
“Just a 10 percent or five percent increase, or improvement in productivity, means hundreds of thousands of dollars to us, aside from the fact that we just want happier and healthier and more welfare in our animals, anyway.”
The founder and head of Connecterra is Yasir Khokhar. He says the idea for the system came while he was living on a dairy farm south of Amsterdam.
“It turns out the technology farmers use is really outdated in many aspects,” Khokhar told the Associated Press. He added that most of the technology that does exist is difficult to use. He says modern agriculture greatly needs new technology like this.
The company says information about the cows can be collected and seen on a cellphone or other mobile device. A text message can also inform farmers of concerns involving the animals.
32. How does “the Intelligent Dairy Farmer’s Assistant” help farmers?
A. By giving alarms to farmers.
B. By focusing farmers’ attention on cattle.
C. By sending real-time information about cows to farmers.
D. By telling farmers which cow is less productive or ready to mate.
33. What’s Watson’s attitude towards the high-tech system?
A. Indifferent. B. Neutral. C. Passive. D. Confident.
34. Why did Khokhar come up with the idea of the high tech system?
A. Because he once lived on a diary farm.
B. Because some agricultural technologies were out of date.
C. Because he wanted to increase the income of farmers.
D. Because some farming systems turned out to be a failure.
35. What does the passage mainly talks about?
A. Modern agriculture in America.
B. Ways of raising cows more efficiently.
C. A Dutch company known as a high- tech system.
D. “Smart Farm” technology tracking behavior of cows.
【答案】 CDBD
【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述了一家荷兰公司开发出了跟踪奶牛运动和活动的一项技术，由人工智能和运动传感器驱动的高科技系统被称为“智能奶农的助手”。文章说明了这套系统的工作原理，以及人们对此的评价和看法，以及创始人开发这套系统的原因。
【解析】
32.本题为细节理解题。根据第二段中A device is put around the neck of the cow to record its movements. This information is then processed by a computer that uses AI to learn about the animal’s behavior over time. The system can tell farmers what the cow is doing in real time.可知一个装置被套在牛的脖子上以记录它的运动。这些信息随后被一台电脑处理，该电脑利用人工智能来了解动物的行为。该系统可以实时告诉农民奶牛在做什么。由此可知，“智能奶农助手”通过向农民发送关于奶牛的实时信息来帮助奶农。故选C。
33. 本题为推理判断题。根据第五段中Watson said the system is a big help because it is impossible for farmers to keep up with the activities of each cow individually.可知Watson说，这个系统帮助很大，因为农民不可能跟上每头奶牛的活动。由此可推知，Watson认为这个系统帮助很大，对其很有信心。故选D。
34. 本题为细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It turns out the technology farmers use is really outdated in many aspects,” Khokhar told the Associated Press.可知“事实证明，农民使用的技术在很多方面确实过时了，”Khokhar告诉美联社。由此可知，Khokhar提出了这个高科技系统的想法是因为一些农业技术已经过时了。故选B。
35. 本题为主旨大意题。根据第一段中A Dutch company has developed technology to follow the movements and activities of cows. The high-tech system, powered by AI and motion sensors, is called “The Intelligent Dairy Farmer’s Assistant.”可知一家荷兰公司已经开发出跟踪牛的运动和活动的技术。这个由人工智能和运动传感器驱动的高科技系统被称为“智能奶农助手”。结合文章还说明了这套系统的工作原理，以及人们对此的评价和看法，以及创始人开发这套系统的原因。所以短文主要是关于“智能农场”技术跟踪奶牛的行为。故选D。
D (2020 年湖南省三湘名校高三第二次大联考，A)
In the last 50 years, sea surface temperatures around Antarctica have risen by 1-2°C, which is more than twice the global average.
Loss of species
Global warming could basically change the ecosystem, leading to the loss of some species. Sharks are going to arrive in Antarctica as long as the warming trend continues, a bit more slowly than crabs-crabs are going to get there first, but once they do get there they are able to eat the organisms that live there.
Professor Wilga said the arrival of sharks and shell-crushing bony fishes would lead to great changes in the number and proportions(比例)of species found there.
Shrimp, ribbon worms and brittle stars are likely to be the most attackable to population declines. Animals living in shallow water in Antarctica are unique on Earth today because they evolved(进化)in a very cold environment over tens of millions of years.
Extreme conditions
In the course of a process we call Antarctic cooling that started about 40 million years ago, all major seafloor predators such as sharks and crabs went extinct in Antarctica because they were not able to deal with these extreme conditions.
However, today global warming is removing barriers to invasions and we’ve seen recently that crabs, especially king crabs, are on the doorstep of Antarctica-they can potentially re-invade the shallow waters if warming continues.
Urgent local and global actions are needed to protect this last environment and measures are needed to stop alien species being brought in through ships.
Strange creatures
Animals that live on the seafloor of Antarctica are some of the strangest creatures on Earth. The extreme cold and darkness has presented huge challenges to marine life over the passage of time, leading to the evolution of fish equipped with anti- freeze proteins in their blood.
21. How will these alien species affect the ecosystem in Antarctica?
A. They will change the extremely cold conditions in Antarctica.
B. They will change the numbers and proportions of species in Antarctica.
C. The sea surface temperature of Antarctica will rise more quickly.
D. The number of shrimp and ribbon worms will increase in Antarctica.
22. How does the author feel about the alien species’ invasion to Antarctica?
A. Worried. B. Doubtful. C. Satisfied. D. Excited.
23. Which is the best title of this passage?
A. Creatures in Antarctica Are Unique
B. The Extreme Conditions in Antarctica
C. Alien Species Are Not Found in Antarctica
D. Alien Species May Change Antarctic Ecosystem
【答案】BAD
【语篇导读】
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在过去的50年里，南极洲周围的海洋表面温度上升了1-2摄氏度，是全球平均水平的两倍多。这导致南极许多物种消失，而一些其他外来物种的到来可能会改变南极海洋生态系统。
21.本题为细节理解题。根据文章Loss of species部分中Professor Wilga said the arrival of sharks and shell-crushing bony fishes would lead to great changes in the number and proportions(比例)of species found there.可知Wilga教授说，鲨鱼和甲壳类硬骨鱼的到来将导致那里的物种数量和比例的发生巨大变化。由此可知，外来物种将将改变南极洲物种的数量和比例，从而影响南极洲的生态系统。故选B。
22. 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段Urgent local and global actions are needed to protect this last environment and measures are needed to stop alien species being brought in through ships.可知需要采取紧急的地方和全球行动来保护这最后的环境，需要采取措施来阻止通过船只带来的外来物种。以及全文中作者介绍和议论外来物种侵入南极海洋的后果。由此可推知，作者对此感到担忧。故选A。
23. 本题为标题选择题。根据第二段Global warming could basically change the ecosystem, leading to the loss of some species. Sharks are going to arrive in Antarctica as long as the warming trend continues, a bit more slowly than crabs-crabs are going to get there first, but once they do get there they are able to eat the organisms that live there.可知全球变暖基本上会改变生态系统，导致一些物种的消失。只要气候变暖的趋势继续下去，鲨鱼就会到达南极洲，比螃蟹要慢一点——螃蟹会先到达那里，但一旦它们到了那里，它们就能吃掉生活在那里的生物。结合文章主要说明了在过去的50年里，南极洲周围的海洋表面温度上升了1-2摄氏度，是全球平均水平的两倍多。这导致南极许多物种消失，而一些其他外来物种的到来可能会改变南极海洋生态系统。故D选项“外来物种可能改变南极的生态系统”符合文章标题。故选D。
E (浙江省2019届高三英语高考模拟卷(四)，C)
The national environmental watchdog has declared that boosting efforts to cut air pollution in northern China, especially winter smog from the burning of coal, is a mission for this year.
Burning coal for winter heating has been listed as one of the primary causes of air pollution, Chen Jining, minister of environmental protection, said on Monday at the annual meeting on environmental protection in Beijing. "As much as 60 percent of smog content is caused by coal burning in the starting phase of each smog" , said Fang Li, an official with Bejing's Environmental Protection Bureau. Therefore, Beiing has declared that it will wipe out coal use in its most rural areas by 2020.
To start with, Beijing will replace coal-fired heating stoves with those powered by electricity or gas in 400 villages this year, before taking the campaign to the districts of Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and Shijingshan by 2017,said Guo Zihua, a municipal rural development official. Beijing's downtown districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng eliminated coal burning last year, officials said.
The capital and other places in northern China experienced several smog alerts in November and December, when peak readings were many times higher than the national safety level. Obviously, the situation is deteriorating, and will become a norm. So the government came up with a "smog subsidy (津贴)”for those who work outdoors, and 95 percent of the respondents to a survey support it.
The Trade Union in Zhengzhou City surveyed subscribers to its official WeChat account and found that 88 percent of nearly 400 respondents said priority should be given to outdoor workers on smoggy days But 9 percent said air pollution affects everyone so it would be unfair to only address the concerns of people who work outdoors.
Over half of the respondents think the extra subsidy, if applied, could come in the form of protective tools or cash. Twenty-two percent said money is the easiest way. To finance the proposed subsidy, 53 percent think the government and companies should jointly pay the bill, while 44 percent said central and regional governments should be responsible.
27. What can we infer from the "No coal by 2020” strategy?
A. China will wipe out coal use in most rural areas by 2020.
B. Bejing's Environmental Protection Bureau put it forward.
C. Coal-fired heating is cheaper than electricity or gas heating.
D. Coal burning in Beijing is mostly concentrated in rural areas.
28. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. 60 percent of dust is caused by coal burning.
B. Whether the "smog subsidy" policy can be carried out hasn't been decided.
C. The Trade Union surveyed 400 Zhengzhou citizens.
D . There are 6 districts in Bejjing where people burn coal.
29. How many respondents think it's better to pay the subsidy by money?
A. About 35.
B. About 90.
C. About 200.
D. About 350.
30. What's the author's attitude towards the "smog subsidy"?
A. Supportive.
B. Disapproving.
C. Objective.
D. Uncertain.
【答案】
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇科普环保类说明文，由于雾霾天气越来越严重北京市决定采取措施在2020年前要实现农村“无煤化”.同时,出于对空气污染日趋严重而且很难彻底消除的考虑政府计划推出“雾霾津贴”,来给户外工作者一些补偿。
【解析】
27. 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Beijing has declared that it will wipe out coal use in its most rural areas by 2020."可知是在2020年之前北京实现农村无煤化而不是整个中国,排除A项;文中并没有说明是哪个部门门提出的此项战略,排除B项;C项文中也没有提及故排除;根据第二段中的"it will wipe out coal use in its most rural areas by 2020”以及第三段中的"Beijing will replace coal-fired heating stoves with those powered by electricity or gas in 400 villages"可知烧煤主要集中在农村地区。故选D.
28. 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"the government came up with a 'smog subsidy(津贴)"”以及下文做的一些调查可知,“雾霾津贴”的举措只是由政府提出，最终能否被实施还没有确定。故B项正确。根据第二段的内容可知百分之六十的烟雾是在燃烧煤炭的开始阶段产生的，而不是百分之六十的灰尘是由燃煤引起的,故排除A项:根据倒数第二段的首句可知将近400的市民不一定全是郑州市民,故C项不正确;根据第三段的内容可知D项也不符合文意,故也应排除。故选B.
29. 考查推理判断。根据最后- -段中的 "Twenty-two percent said money is the easiest way"可知400x 22%= 88,最接近90,故选B.
30. 考查观点态度。本文作者只是客观地介绍了“雾霾津贴”的一些情况以及人们对它的一些看法没有夹杂任何感情色彩和偏向性。故选C。