高考英语三轮冲刺过关预测 05 阅读理解之主旨大意题 (含解析)

这是一份高考英语三轮冲刺过关预测 05 阅读理解之主旨大意题 (含解析)，共19页。

预测05 阅读理解篇之主旨大意题

预测一 主旨大意题包括概括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时千万不要以偏概全。

预测二 近几年无论是全国卷还是地方卷中主旨大意题都是必考题型，而且随着新高考范围的扩大，阅读对于考生们的重要性越来越大，而且词汇量及理解难度将进一步加大，对学生们的理解、分析、总结和归纳能力必将越来越高。
预测三 主旨大意题型在2020年的重要性及权重都将得到进一步的巩固，至少会出现一题。以下为2019全国卷1，2和3的体裁、话题及主旨大意题的分布图：


在做主旨大意题时需要格外留心主题句，因为主题句具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。接下来，我们一起看一下主旨大意题的提问方式，解题攻略以及干扰项吧。


A（2019•新课标全国卷I，D）
During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
33.What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
【答案】33. A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。受欢迎在小学阶段是因为分享,在中学阶段却是因为叛逆和与众不同。心理学家将受欢迎分类为讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者,讨人喜欢的人不仅有良好的人际关系,他们的以后的人生也有积极的经历。而那些追求地位的孩子往往会从事一些比较危险的活动。
【解析】
33. 本题为主旨大意题。本段通过临床心理学教授对“受欢迎”进行分类:讨人喜欢的人和地位寻求者.前者与他人相处融洽的品质加强了校园友谊,激发了人际交往技巧,并且在很早的时候,就被用在了生活和工作中;而后者通过权力带来的地位,甚至有不光彩的行为。所以本段的中心是对“受欢迎的人”的分类,故答案为A.
B（2019•新课标全国卷II，C）
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s "me" time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half（53 percent）have breakfast alone and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
"I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?" Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself," she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan."
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology," said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A．The trend of having meals alone.
B．The importance of self-reflection.
C．The stress from working overtime.
D．The advantage of wireless technology.
【答案】A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇社会现象类的夹叙夹议的文章,通过对几个人独自吃午餐的描写,说明午餐让人有了独处的时间,让人得以放松,并且现在有了手机的陪伴,独自吃饭受到越来越多的人的青睐。
【解析】
22. 此题为主旨大意题。本文通过对几个人独自吃午餐的描写,说明午餐让人有了独处的时间,让人得以放松,并且现在有了手机的陪伴,独自吃饭受到越来越多的人的青睐。而且最后一段第一句“That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.”也点明了原因，所以“独自吃饭的趋势”是本文的中心,故答案为A。
C （2019•北京高考，D）
By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”
42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
45. What is the main purpose of the passage？
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton
【答案】 B, C
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇科普环保类说明文，一项最新研究表明 ,由于气候变暖,世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,因为光线反射的作用,它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并影响浮游植物的生长。
【解析】
42. 本题为段落大意题。第一段“By the end of the century. If not sooner the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study."可知,到本世纪末, 一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖,如果不尽快的话,世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再根据第二段中的"At the heart phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms ,these phytoplanktons create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration”可知,这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等,这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。故选B.
45. 本题为旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨"By the end of the century. If not sooner the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study."可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明,由于气候变暖,如果不尽快的话,世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warning trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, ...可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响,变暖改变了海洋的关键特征,并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋及其植物的影响。故选C。
D（2019•浙江高考题，C）
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snow melt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
27. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
【答案】 A
【语篇导读】 本文属于科普环保类议论文,围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题,探讨出现这-现象的原因.
【解析】
27. 段落大意题。第二段第一句The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests 为主题句,意思是:在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中,直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况,故答案为A。
E（2019•天津高考题，D）
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我）, whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate（视…等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck, or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？
A．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C．To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D．To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
【答案】 A
【语篇导读】本文是人生百味类议论文,讲述要成功,就需要不断的学习,这样的生活才会有意义。
【解析】考查主旨大意。本文讲述要成功,就需要不断的学习,这样的生活才会有意义,故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活,故选A。


A(黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三教学检测, D)
A study, conducted by David Evans of the World Bank and Anna Popova of Stanford University, looked at 19 programs around the world in which individuals were given cash transfers from the government, either as a handout or as a “reward” for something like getting kids to school on time or taking them to the doctor for checkups.
Evans and Popova looked at the impact those cash transfers had on the family budget and whether or not they led to an increase in spending on alcohol and cigarettes. What they found was that they almost always led to a reduction in a family’s alcohol and tobacco purchases.
The news may surprise some people, but it’s true, and the researchers have several theories about why.
One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible. Investing in their kids’ education or buying healthier and more expensive foods may be within reach now, but without the cash handout, these goals weren’t even a possibility. So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those dreams a reality.
Another theory is that people just generally seem to do what they’re told. If they are given money and told to use it for their family’s welfare, in most cases, they will do just that. And that leads to the third theory: These cash transfers are usually given to women, and studies show that when women control the purse strings, more money is spent on taking care of their children.
Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don’t waste the money on booze and cigarettes as was previously thought. Instead, they typically use that money for the benefit of their families. And that’s money well spent.
12. The study proves that .
A. cash transfers help poor families get what would seem unavailable otherwise
B. cash should be given to poor people as a reward for something good for kids
C. given cash handouts, poor people would spend the money on alcohol and tobacco
D. poor people would save the cash given by the government for emergency needs
13. A cash transfer led to a reduction in a family’s alcohol and tobacco purchases because .
A. the education gained with the cash would help them drop alcohol and tobacco
B. the money previously for alcohol and tobacco would help realize their dream
C. buying healthier and more expensive foods left less money for alcohol and tobacco
D. that was the promise made before the cash transfer was given to the poor family
14. In paragraph 5, when the author said “women control the purse strings”, he just meant “ ”.
A. women are told what to do B. women are given the money
C. women know what to do with the money D. women have the final word for money
15. The passage mainly tells us .
A. how the study was carried out
B. why cash transfer is preferred
C. the findings of a study and explanations to them
D. the theories for a study about cash transfers
【答案】 ABDC
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文，世界银行和斯坦福大学的专家进行了一项研究，给贫穷家庭一笔汇款，结果发现汇款能够减少烟酒方面的花销，文章分析了出现这一现象的原因。
【解析】
12. 本题为推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don’t waste the money on booze and cigarettes as was previously thought….And that’s money well spent. ”可知给贫穷家庭的汇款并不会被使用在酒精和香烟上，很多贫穷家庭会用来改善生活。这与之前的看法是相反的。故A项正确。
13. 本题为推理判断题。根据第四段“One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible . …So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those dreams a reality”可知当某些家庭得到汇款以后，他们会把这笔钱和用在喝酒抽烟上的钱一起被用在孩子的教育上，或购买之前无法购买的东西上。故B项正确。
14. 本题为猜测句意题。根据横线句前一句“These cash transfers are usually given to women…”可知当汇款给了女性以后，通常都会有比较好的结果。故划线句指“女性控制花钱的话语权”。故D项正确。
15. 本题为主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，世界银行和斯坦福大学的专家进行了一项研究，给贫穷家庭一笔汇款，结果发现汇款能够减少烟酒方面的花销，文章分析了出现这一现象的原因。故C项正确。

B (湖南省长郡中学高三第三次适应性考试，C)
If you've been paying attention, you know that corvids (crows, rooks and ravens) are remarkably intelligent birds. Now these feathered geniuses have been given a job: six rooks have been trained to pick up rubbish in the Puy du Fou historical theme park in western France.
Whenever Boubou, Bamboo, Bill, Black, Bricole and Baco place a cigarette butt or other small pieces of trash in a special container, it offers a treat-rewarding for their efforts. The idea came from one of the park's falconers （养鹰人），Christophe Gaborit. As part of the falconry show, crows had already been trained to pick up roses and bring them to a princess, so in the 2000s, Gaborit raised and trained two rooks to do the same with rubbish.
The training system is similar to experimental programs for testing corvids' intelligence, in which a vending machine distributes a food reward when a crow correctly performs a task. Earlier this year, a type of vending machine was used to teach crows how to tear paper into a specific shape. And 10 years ago, "hacker" Josh Klein built a similar vending machine to reward crows for getting back lost money. So we know the concept works.
The rooks are employed for the first time over the weekend, and they'll be working four days aweek under close watch — not for the birds, but to make sure the humans don't deliberately drop rubbish to watch the birds clean it up. That's because the aim of the rook garbage collectors isn't only to collect garbage — it's also to get park-goers to think before they litter. "OK, the birds are able to do something that we are much more able to do than them, so we should do this by ourselves, park president Nicolas de Villiers told NPR. "It's a funny way to show the people that you cannot throw papers everywhere.",
8. Who is the trainer of the rooks to pick up garbage?
A. Nicolas de Villiers. B. Josh Klein.
C. Christophe Gaborit. D. Puy du Fou.
9. Why will the rooks work under close watch?
A. To make sure the rooks' safety.
B. To prevent the rooks flying away.
C. To avoid being disturbed purposely by humans.
D. To watch the rooks doing the right thing.
10. What does the employment of the rooks really intend to do?
A. To make money through the rooks. B. To pick up roses for a princess.
C. To give performances in the park. D. To get humans inspired.
11. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Rooks are employed to pick up rubbish in a France park.
B. Puy du Fou historical theme park offers the falconry show.
C. Waste pollution has become a world-wide problem.
D. People are called on to focus on the protection of the birds.
【答案】 CCDA
【语篇导读】 这是一篇新闻报道，文章报道的是在法国的一个公园里，人们雇用秃鼻乌鸦来捡垃圾。雇佣乌鸦的真正目的是让去公园的人在扔垃圾前思考一下自己的行为。
【解析】
8. 本题为细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Gaborit raised and trained two rooks to do the same with rubbish.“Gaborit饲养和训练了两只白嘴鸦来处理垃圾。”由此可知，Christophe Gaborit是秃鼻乌鸦捡垃圾的驯兽师。故选C。
9. 本题为细节理解题。根据最后一段The rooks are employed for the first time over the weekend, and they'll be working four days a week under close watch — not for the birds, but to make sure the humans don't deliberately drop rubbish to watch the birds clean it up.“乌鸦第一次被雇佣是在周末，他们将在密切的监视下每周工作四天——不是为了鸟，而是为了确保人类不会故意扔垃圾来观察鸟清理垃圾。”由此可知，秃鼻乌鸦之所以要在严密监视下工作，是因为为了避免被人类故意打扰。故选C。
10. 本题为推理判断题。根据最后一段中That's because the aim of the rook garbage collectors isn't only to collect garbage — it's also to get park-goers to think before they litter.“那是因为收垃圾的车的目的不仅仅是收垃圾，它还能让去公园的人在扔垃圾前三思。”可知，雇佣秃鼻乌鸦的真正目的是为了让人类得到启示。故选D。
11. 本题为主旨大意题。根据第一段中Now these feathered geniuses have been given a job: six rooks have been trained to pick up rubbish in the Puy du Fou historical theme park in western France.“现在这些长着羽毛的天才们得到了一份工作:在法国西部的Puy du Fou历史主题公园里，6只白嘴鸦被训练去捡垃圾。”所以文章讲述的是在法国的一个公园里，人们雇白嘴鸦来捡垃圾。故选A。
C（江西省重点中学盟校高三下学期第联考，B）
I wanted a change of pace, a break from routine. The past few years found me working long hours at my marketing job while my husband, Steven, put in equally full days as a physics tutor. We were both burned out from the constant boredom.
Vacation experiences at first glance seem a little difficult for us. How do you find comfort in an ever-changing environment? And I, someone who enjoys more planned fun, had to adapt.
But I was surprised at how easily I was able to adapt to a new mode of operation, a more relaxed version of myself who wasn’t worried where we’d park and sleep each night. The fact that we both became so accustomed to sleeping in the back of a cargo van is another surprise we experienced on this journey. The van was our main transportation and, with a full-size bed in the back, it also provided us with a bit of comfort that made us continue. At first, every sound outside was foreign, and we both took longer to fall-and stay-asleep. But, after a couple of weeks into van life, we let the sounds fade into soft background music.
Over the course of our seven- month trip, one of our big goals was to come away from each park with one spectacular image. That shared goal placed us on the same team: It brought us together, even more than before, gave us more to talk about, and encouraged us to motivate each other along the way.
By this point, you’re probably wondering how we paid for all of this, or maybe you’re assuming we come from wealthy backgrounds. The truth is, we actually managed this entire adventure on a middle-class budget. Steven did part-time remote work about 10 hours per week for his employer from the road. I ended up finding some temporary jobs through the trip. We also continued our photography business, setting up an online shop to sell our landscapes.
We only visited some parks in the 48 states. And the experience would still be worth every penny. It is really a chance to lose and find ourselves in our nation’s park lands.
4. Why did the author want to change?
A. Because she wanted a rest from daily routine.
B. Because she was interested in travelling.
C. Because she fell ill with long working hours.
D. Because she didn't like her marketing job.
5. What did the author think of the vacation before the journey?
A. Exciting. B. Helpful.
C. Doubtful. D. Boring.
6. What can we infer from the last but one paragraph?
A. The couple visited 48 states during the trip.
B. The couple tried different jobs to maintain their trip.
C. The husband worked harder than the wife.
D. The couple came from a middle-class family.
7. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Introducing a couple’s daily life.
B. Sharing a couple’s travel experience.
C. Showing the importance of traveling.
D. Advising some travel plans to readers.
【答案】 ACBB
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和丈夫想对常规的生活进行改变而去旅行的经历。
【解析】
4. 本题为细节理解题。根据第一段中“I want a change of pace, a break from routine”和最后一句“we were both burned out from the constant boredom”可以看出作者是想改变生活节奏，打破每天惯例，对生活也感到极度无聊，从而想做出一些改变。 故选A项。
5. 本题为推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Vacation experiences at first glance seem a little difficult for us. How do you find comfort in an ever-changing environment? （乍一看，度假经历对我们来说似乎有点困难。 你如何在不断变化的环境中找到舒适感？）”可以推断，作者在旅行之前，对这次旅行是否会觉得愉快感到怀疑。故选C项。
6. 本题为推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Steven did part-time remote work about 10 hours per week for his employer from the road. I ended up finding some temporary jobs through the trip. We also continued our photography business, setting up an online shop to sell our landscapes.”可知，作者夫妇为了维持这段旅行的费用，沿途做了一些不同的兼职工作，同时也继续做摄影业务。故选B项。
7. 本题为主旨大意题。作者因为想改变一下生活节奏，打破常规的生活，决定进行一次旅行。在旅行途中，面包车是他们的主要交通工具，并且通过做一些兼职工作来维持旅行的费用。作者觉得这次旅行是值得的。阅读全文可知,作者是在和读者分享她和丈夫的旅行故事。故选B项。
D（四川省成都市石室天府中学高三第四次阶段性质量检测，C）
Two years ago，Kiirsat Ceylan was in New York to give a talk about disability rights at the U.N. Blind since birth，the Turkish man was struggling to find his hotel，holding a cane in one hand and pulling his luggage with the other.
"Not surprisingly，suddenly I bumped into a pole, and he says, "It was a bit bloody. "
The problem with a cane is that，while it can tell you what's on the grounds it doesn't help with objects at the body or head level. It wasn't the first time Ceylan had run into something，injuring himself.
"" I have no problem with my scars，which make me more handsome I guess，" Ceylan says， laughing. "But I don't need hew ones. "
With WeWalk，a new smart cane，Ceylan hopes to help other blind people navigate their environments more easily. The cane uses an ultrasonic（超声波）sensor which detects objects at body or head level and gives a warning vibration. WeWalk users pair the cane with their smartphones and then use the cane's touchpad to access features like voice assistant or navigation*Before leaving home，they can plug their destination into Google Maps and get spoken directions as they walk In the future，Ceylan hopes to connect WeWalk with public transportation and ridesharing services.
Assistive technology is often expensive for blind people，says Eelke Folmer，a computer science professor at the University of Nevada! Reno. "But developers fail to realize their devices are out of reach for many blind people，To Folmer，the price point-﹩500-- sets the WeWalk cane apart from other technologies.
Ceylan sees WeWalk as part of an attempt to help blind people achieve greater freedom of movement， which he believes will give them greater access to education and jobs. The canes are already having an impact on users，Ceylan says. He recently received an email from a teacher in Ireland who had become blind as an adult. He'd been depressed and housebound. But since getting a WeWalk cane，your device forced me to go out. It became my anti- depressant. " he wrote.
8. Why is a story about Kursat Ceylan given at the beginning of the text？ ______
A. To stress the difficulty caused by blindness.
B. To show his reason for developing his cane.
C. To indicate the problems with present canes.
D. To show his positive and humorous character.
9. What can WeWalk do at present according to the text？ ______
A. Provide fast Internet access.
B. Start conversations with users.
C. Tell users what is around them.
D. Connect with ridesharing services.
10. What does Folmer think is the advantage of WeWalk over other assistive technologies？ ______
A. It is easily affordable， B. It is easily controllable.
C. It works better for users. D. It looks more attractive.
11. What is the text mainly about？ ______
A. The increasing demand for smart canes.
B. A blind man’s devotion to smart canes.
C. A smart cane's effects on blind people.
D. An assistive technology for the blind.
【答案】 BCAB
【语篇导读】 文章是一篇记叙文，讲述了盲人Kursat Ceylan 致力于研发智能拐杖以帮助盲人自由地行走。
【解析】
8. 本题为推理判断题。根据第五段中的“With WeWalk, a new smart cane, Ceylan hopes to help other blind people navigate their environments more easily.”可知，有了新的智能手杖WeWalk，Ceylan希望能帮助其他盲人更容易地导航周围环境. 由此可知，文章开头提到Kursat Ceylan 的故事是为了说明他研发这种拐杖的原因，故B项正确。
9. 本题为细节理解题。根据第五段中“With WeWalk, a new smart cane, Ceylan hopes to help other blind people navigate their environments more easily.”可知，智能拐杖WeWalk能够更容易地为盲人们导航周围环境. 由此可知，WeWalk可以告诉使用者周围的情况. 故C项正确。
10. 本题为细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“To Folmer, the price point-﹩500-- sets the WeWalk cane apart from other technologies.”可知，Folmer认为，500英镑的价格使WeWalk在其他辅助技术中脱颖而出，也就是说这种拐杖优势是使用者能负担得起。故A项正确。
11. 本题为主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第五段中的“With WeWalk, a new smart cane, Ceylan hopes to help other blind people navigate their environments more easily.”可知，文章主要讲述了盲人Kursat Ceylan致力于研发一种智能拐杖以帮助盲人自由地行走，故B项正确。
E（2020年安徽省高三全国模拟卷3月考试，D）
A study found wireless signals are able to pass through bags and suitcases to judge the sizes of dangerous metal objects and identify them. “ These items could include weapons, chemicals, laptops and batteries for bombs,” the research team said on Tuesday.
Research suggested that Wi-Fi can now be used to estimate the volume of liquids such as water, acid, alcohol and other chemicals for explosive material. The study led by researchers at the Wireless Information Network Laboratory ( WINLAB) in the School of Engineering showed a wireless device with two to three antennas (天线) that could be fitted in existing Wi- Fi networks.
The detection system analyzes what happens when wireless signals go through and bounce off objects or materials. The approach, which the paper states， works by separating the wireless interference (干扰)
caused by two factors of objects——the material and shape.“Most dangerous objects such as weapons are usually metal or liquid，which have significant interference,” researchers said.
When it was tested on a backpack, the accuracy rate topped 95 percent. “But the accuracy dropped to about 90 percent when objects inside bags are wrapped. And the tech could save lives if used in museums，stadiums, theme parks or schools,”the team said, noting its design can inspect bags or luggage without being an exposure to privacy.
It uses channel state information (CSI) that is readily available in low- cost Wi-Fi devices. “This could have a great impact on protecting the public from dangerous objects," said Yingying Chen，a co-author of the study，“There's a growing need for that now. In large public areas，it's hard to set up expensive screening equipment like what's in airports. Manpower is always needed to check bags and we want to develop a method to try to reduce manpower.
The peer reviewed study， which recently won a best paper award at the 2018 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security, is now published online. “Future work will continue to focus on ameliorating the accuracy of identifying objects and imaging shapes and volumes," researchers said.
32. What does paragraph 3 talk about?
A. The function of the technique.
B. The way the device works.
C. The principle the study is based on.
D. The benefit of the study findings.
33. What's the advantage of the device?
A. It saves people in danger of natural disasters.
B. It passes through bags without damaging them.
C. It uses antennas to pick up networks’ signals.
D. It protects personal information from being disturbed.
34. Why did the researchers study the device according to Yingying Chen?
A. To save money and labour.
B. To make full use of Wi-Fi.
C. To protect passengers' privacy.
D. To research dangerous objects.
35. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “ameliorating” in the last paragraph?
A. Confirming.
B. Improving.
C. Discovering.
D. Examining.
【答案】 BDAB
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家们研究出的一种“安检新设备”。这种设备利用WiFi网络查看包内物品的体积和形状以确定包中物品是否是危险品。该设备既能提高许多公共地方的安全性,又能保护人们的隐私。
【解析】
32. 本题为主旨大意题。第三段主要讲了这项设备的运行方法。故答案选B。
33. 本题为细节理解题。根据第四段“noting its design can inspect bags or luggage without being an
exposure to privacy" ,可知这项设备的优点之一就是可以保护人们的隐私。故答案选D。
34. 本题为细节理解题。根据第五段Yingying Chen的介绍,可知在机场这样的地方安装常规的安检设备要很高的成本,也需要很大的人力去实施安检工作,所以研究者们希望研究出一种能省钱省人力的安检设备。故答案选A。
35. 本题为词义猜测题。文章第四段讲到,这种设备的准确性能达到95%,但包内物品被包裹起来的时候，准确性只能达到90%。可知未来的研究将会关注提高该设备检测的准确性。故答案选B。