07 现在分词 备战2023高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）（解析版）

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 专题07  现在分词    备战2023高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）（解析版） 【易错题01】 现在分词作定语( 2022新高考II卷 )  When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the   56   (fall) child.【答案】 falling【错误分析】 句意逻辑关系判断失误，不能掌握所需动词的词性和句子成分。【解题思路】 考查非谓语动词。句中 hold out 为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。空格需填现在分词 falling 作定语。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他来的孩了。2.（2021浙江卷1月）This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____ ____ (live) in the countryside, including (lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.【答案】living【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。 【易错题02】 现在分词作状语( 2022新高考I卷 ) ___56___ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellow National Part, the GPNP will be one of the first national park in the country.【答案】 Covering【错误分析】本题难度主要在于句子逻辑意思，判断非谓语充当的句子。【解题思路】谓语为will be, 故cover为非谓语。根据句意和结构可知，此处应为现在分词作状语。Cover与主语GPNP为主动关系，故填Covering。( 2022全国乙卷 ) To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media,    69  （invite）twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.【答案】  inviting【错误分析】 不能判断谓语动词，句子主干不理解，逻辑混乱。【解题思路】 谓语动词为included, inviting作伴随状语，to strengthen表目的。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，该活动包括了社交媒体上的一些公共宣传活动，邀请来自世界各地的29名茶专业人士进行36小时的不间断直播。【易错题03】 现在分词作补语If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends ________ (camp), I would have laughed heartily.【答案】camping　【错误分析】 不能判断非谓语动词作补以及固定短语搭配。【解题思路】考查现在分词做宾补。spend ...doing“花费……做”，此处为现在分词作宾补。故填camping。【名师点津】1．感官动词(词组)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：（1）see＋宾语＋do/doing/done/being done（2）have　＋宾语　＋宾补        （3）get＋宾语＋宾补 ( 2022全国甲卷 ) He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on seat. 20,   50   (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.【答案】  planning【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。（2021新课标II卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________ (think)it is food. 【答案】thinking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，________ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。China aims to have 50,000 schools specializing in youth football by the end of 2025, said Wang Dengfeng, an official with the MOE, ________ (add) that to realize this goal, the ministry will take various measures that include building school football fields, training football coaches and providing extra funding and policy support.【答案】adding【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：教育部的官员王登峰说，到2050年，中国打算开办50000所青年足球特色学校，并补充说，为了实现这一目标，教育部将采取多种措施，其中包括建造校内足球场、足球训练教练以及提供额外的资金和政策扶持。句中said是谓语动词，且无连词所以此处需填非谓语动词。因为主语Wang Dengfeng与add是主动关系，故填现在分词表主动作状语。故填adding。Desertification is a serious problem ________(face) numerous countries in the world. 【答案】facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：荒漠化是世界上许多国家面临的严重问题。分析句子可知，句中有系动词“is”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“face”意为“面对”，动词词性，“problem”和“face”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用“face”的现在分词“facing”，作后置定语。故填facing。This system includes six cameras to detect holes, rocks, or other materials, ________ (inform) the farmer when an issue needs to be addressed. 【答案】informing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该系统包括六个摄像头，用于探测洞、岩石或其他材料，当需要解决问题时通知农民。空格处所填单词与主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填informing。Rules of weiqi are extraordinarily simple. There are 180 identical(完全一样的)white pieces and 181 identical black pieces ________(fight) against each other on a board 19×19 lines. 【答案】fighting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：180枚完全一样的白色棋子与181枚完全一样的黑色棋子，在一块19×19路的棋盘上博弈。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入非谓语动词作状语，动词fight与其逻辑主语“棋子”之间是主谓关系，因而用现在分词形式表示主动。故填fighting。From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ________(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．【答案】resulting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。8.They represent the earth ___________  (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 【答案】coming【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。 The art of Chinese traditional flower arrangement, originally ________(serve) as offerings at temples and decorations in the palace, has survived over the centuries. 【答案】serving【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国传统的插花艺术，最初是作为寺庙的供品和宫殿的装饰，已经存在了几个世纪。分析句子结构可知serve在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语The art of Chinese traditional flower arrangement构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填serving。“Wiki” is an Internet term________ (mean) “a website that can be edited by the public”. 【答案】meaning【解析】考查现在分词。句意：Wiki是一个网络术语，意思是“公众可以编辑的网站”。动词mean和逻辑主语term之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填meaning。And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 【答案】surrounding【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds  69   (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， _______ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.【答案】making【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。When we got a call _________（say）she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke. 【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, _________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 【答案】listening【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。Nervously ________(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。分析句式可知，此处是作句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _________(die) early by running. 【答案】dying【解析】考查动名词。介词of后跟动名词作宾语。China’s approach to protecting its environment while ________(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 【答案】feeding【解析】考查现在分词。句子主语和feed之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。The White Cane was introduced by an American man called George A．Bonham. One day, he watched a man who was blind ________(attempt) to cross a street. 【答案】attempting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一天，他看到一位盲人正在试图过马路。分析句子结构可知，固定搭配watch sb. doing sth.，表示“看到某人正在做某事”的意思。故填attempting。She has never seen such a collective dedication from a nation, ________ (turn) things for the better by sacrificing personal convenience.【答案】turning【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她从未见过一个国家有这样的集体奉献精神，通过牺牲个人的便利来让事情变得更好。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语She与turn之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词担当结果状语。故填turning。It was worth the cost, Alcaraz felt, because she could tell the staff cared about her daughter,  ________ (greet) the 16-month-old by name each morning.【答案】greeting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：阿尔卡拉茨觉得这是值得的，因为她可以看得出来工作人员很关心她的女儿，每天早上工作人员都能叫出她16个月大的女儿的名字。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语the staff与greet之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填greeting。The cost of a typical Saudi wedding is enough to prevent the most passionate lover. Even a simple party involves renting an impressive ballroom. Then there are the cheerleaders and musicians. Men and women gather in separate halls, ________ (double) some of the prices. 【答案】doubling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：男人和女人分别聚集在不同的大厅里，使得费用加倍。分析句子可知，此处应是非谓语动词作状语，前面的事情造成价钱加倍，是主动关系，用现在分词，故填doubling。When the kite was in the air, people would cut off the stringy let the paper kite float away,  ________ (symbolize) the flying away of diseases.【答案】symbolizing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当风筝在空中时，人们会剪断绳子让纸风筝飘走，象征着疾病的飞走。分析句子结构可知symbolize在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处与people would cut off the stringy let the paper kite float away构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填symbolizing。 ________(grow) up in the region and influenced by diverse ethnic cultures, she is committed to telling Xinjiang stories through her paper cutting while protecting and promoting the traditional folk art.【答案】Growing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她在新疆长大，受到多民族文化的影响，在保护和推广传统民间艺术的同时，致力于用剪纸讲述新疆的故事。分析句子结构可知grow在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语she构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Growing。Meanwhile,record-high coal prices are making it unprofitable for many power plants to operate, ________ (create) supply gaps in some provinces. 【答案】creating【解析】考查现在分词。句意：与此同时，创纪录的煤炭价格使得许多发电厂无法盈利，导致一些省份出现供应缺口。分析可知，句中谓语是are making，空格处用非谓语动词形式，record-high coal prices和create之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填creating。“The story of this turtle family  ________ (attempt) to get home in the damaged and changing ocean is a reality for many ocean creatures that are having their habitats destroyed due to human activity,” says actress Olivia Colman, who voices a character in the film.【答案】attempting【解析】考查现在分词。句意：女演员Olivia Colman在影片中为一个角色配音，她说：“对于许多因人类活动而栖息地遭到破坏的海洋生物来说，海龟家族试图在受损和不断变化的海洋中回家的故事是一个现实。” 本句已有系动词is且无连词，动词attempt用非谓语形式，逻辑主语this turtle family与动词attempt是主谓关系，attempt用现在分词（doing）表主动，作后置定语，修饰名词this turtle family。故填attempting。It is a historic amphitheater, the largest ever built. ________ (date) back to 70 C．E., it is one of the best-preserved ruins from the Roman Empire.【答案】Dating【解析】考查现在分词。句意：它可以追溯到公元70年，是罗马帝国保存最完好的遗迹之一。分析句子可知，空处填非谓语动词，it与date在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Dating。Stories say the Colosseum was built to a practical design, with its 80 arched entrances ________ (allow)easy access to 55,000 audiences, who were seated according to rank.【答案】allowing【解析】考查现在分词。句意：传说罗马圆形大剧场是按照实用设计建造的，有80个拱形入口，可以方便地进入55000名观众，他们按等级就坐。本句为with的复合结构， 80 arched entrances与allow在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填allowing。The TV series  ________(celebrate) this year’s 100th anniversary of the founding of the CPC has won high praise online. 【答案】celebrating【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部庆祝中国共产党成立100周年的电视剧在网上获得了很高的评价。设空处在句中作定语，需用非谓语动词形式，和句子的逻辑主语TV series 之间是逻辑的主动关系。故填celebrating。Suddenly it seems to them that Nina has become an extremely unhappy teenager who lacks direction rather than an adult living her own life. ________ (see) their aimless daughter every day, they are very disappointed. 【答案】Seeing【解析】考查非谓语。句意：在他们看来，尼娜突然变成了一个极度不快乐的少年，她缺乏方向，而不是一个过自己生活的成年人。每天看到漫无目的的女儿，他们感到很失望。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句子的主句为they are very disappointed，设空处所在句子作状语，应填写非谓语作状语。因逻辑主语they和see之间是主谓关系，且非谓语动作与主句谓语are同时发生，所以应该用非谓语现在分词作时间状语。故填Seeing。The eye-catching colors and styles created a visual feast that many have never seen before, quickly ________(turn) the collections into best sellers. 【答案】turning【解析】考查非谓语。句意：引人注目的色彩和风格创造了许多人从未见过的视觉盛宴，结果迅速将这些系列书籍变成了畅销书。分析句子结构可知，谓语为created，逗号后无连词，所以空处为非谓语作结果状语。主语The eye-catching colors and styles和turn之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填turning。You are in the car on the way to work. You’re a little nervous, ________ (fear ) that you might be late. 【答案】fearing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你坐在车里，在去上班的路上。你有点紧张，害怕迟到。此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，You与动词fear之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以需用现在分词fearing表主动。故填fearing。In this city, there is the Pu’er Monument to the National Unity Oath, known as “the No. 1 Monument of New China for National Unity”, Menglian Xuanfusi Department ________ (reflect) the history and culture of the Dai nationality, and a batch of national dances and songs enjoying great popularity including “Troth Plighting” and “Awa People Sing New Songs”.【答案】reflecting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这座城市里，有被誉为“新中国民族团结第一纪念碑”的普洱民族团结誓词纪念碑，有反映傣族历史文化的孟连宣福寺，还有一批广受欢迎的民族歌舞，包括《长跑》和《阿华人唱新歌》。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，reflect与被修饰词Menglian Xuanfusi Department之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填reflecting。________ (aim) to recall tradition, the design team applied the patterns, colors, and techniques of Yi’s culture to their contemporary fashion design, including T-shirts, jackets, shirts and other essentials. 【答案】Aiming【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了唤起传统，设计团队将彝族文化的图案、色彩和技术运用到他们的当代服装设计中，包括T恤、夹克、衬衫和其他必需品。the design team与aim之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语，表主动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Aiming。 Chen Wenqiaochu set an example when he was 14. He performed CPR (心肺复苏术) on a cleaner at his school,________(save) the man’s life in 2013. 【答案】saving【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：陈文巧初14岁时就树立了榜样。2013年，他在学校给一名清洁工做了心肺复苏术，挽救了他的生命。分析句子结构可知save在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语He构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填saving。27．On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________( listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【答案】listening【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们为期一周的逗留的最后一天，我们被邀请去北岸一个美丽的农场听一场私人音乐会，在星空下聆听音乐家的演奏，与有趣的当地人见面。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，we与listen为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式表主动。故填listening。28..But if you conveniently throw it out, wind and run-off carry the waste down the sewer (污水管) and directly to the ocean, ________ (affect) the marine life including the fish.【答案】affecting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但如果你图方便把它扔掉，风和径流就会把垃圾带入下水道，直接流入海洋，影响海洋生物，包括鱼类。分析句子结构可知，此处affect在句中为非谓语动词，作结果状语，affect与上文句子是主动关系，因此需要使用现在分词。故填affecting。They face a lot of challenges when________（try）to get food.【答案】trying【解析】考查现在分词。他们在获取食物时面临着很多挑战。此处是状语从句的省略，因主语they和前面的主语一致，故省略。这里try和they是主动关系，故用现在分词。故填trying。I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, ______ (deal) with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags.【答案】dealing【解析】考查现在分词。在缺席了15年之后，我又回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”。此处deal和I之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。故填dealing。Families move to other locations, ______ (bring) their food preferences with them.【答案】bringing【解析】考查现在分词。家庭搬家时，也会把自己的食物偏好带过去。bring与其逻辑主语families构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填bringing。Many children of Chinese immigrants in Canada study English at school and speak Chinese at home, ________(lead) to fluency in both languages.【答案】leading【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多在加拿大的中国移民的孩子在学校学习英语，在家里说中文，因此两种语言都很流利。lead to为固定短语，意为“造成，导致，致使”；分析句子可知，该句已有动词，设空出应为非谓语动词，另因逻辑主语Many children of Chinese immigrants in Canada study English at school and speak Chinese at home与lead to互为主谓关系，应用现在分词形式，在句中作状语。故选C项。________(weigh) only 96 grams, the great all-round electronic dictionary is portable and easy to use.【答案】Weighing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本大而全面的电子词典仅重96克，便于携带和使用。分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语形式，动词weigh和逻辑主语the great all-round electronic dictionary之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故选A项。I admit I was too scared at that moment and the uncle ______（stand）beside me was giving me an awkward look. 【答案】 standing【解析】考查现在分词。我承认我当时太害怕了，并且我旁边的叔叔给我一个尴尬的表情。此处现在分词短语作定语修饰the uncle。故填standing。Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem ________ (call) caffeinism.【答案】 called【解析】考查过去分词做定语。problem与call之间是被动关系，故用过去分词called作problem的后置定语。故填called。But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ________ (shine) object.【答案】 shining【解析】考查现在分词做定语。空处作object的前置定语，故填shining。He is a student at Oxford University________(study) for a degree in computer science.【答案】studying【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他是牛津大学的一名攻读计算机科学学位的学生。分析句子结构可知，此句已有谓语is，所以此空应用非谓语动词，结合句意，可知此空是空前名词a student的定语，a student与study之间是主动关系，且表示“正在攻读计算机科学学位”，所以用现在分词，故选B。The park is always full of people, _______(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.【答案】enjoying【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：公园里总是挤满了人，享受着阳光。分析句子成分可知，“______ themselves in the sunshine”为非限制性修饰成分，选项中所给动词“enjoy(享受)”与其所修饰的词“people”之间为主动关系，且表示正在进行的动作，所以应用现在分词的一般式形式，故选C。The case _______(belong) to Professor Smith has multiple functions. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】belonging【解析】考查现在分词。句意：史密斯教授的箱子有多重功能。动词belong意为“属于”，和主语case构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作后置定语。故填belonging。Not seeing or hearing any fire engines ________（approach）, Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs.【答案】approaching【解析】考查现在分词。没有看到或听到任何消防车接近。格兰特冲到一个侧门跑上楼梯。此处是现在分词作宾补。故填approaching。